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EP0522446B1 - Procédé pour contrÔler la direction d'un appareil de forage du sol et dispositif pour l'exécution de forages - Google Patents

Procédé pour contrÔler la direction d'un appareil de forage du sol et dispositif pour l'exécution de forages Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0522446B1
EP0522446B1 EP92111212A EP92111212A EP0522446B1 EP 0522446 B1 EP0522446 B1 EP 0522446B1 EP 92111212 A EP92111212 A EP 92111212A EP 92111212 A EP92111212 A EP 92111212A EP 0522446 B1 EP0522446 B1 EP 0522446B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
head
nozzles
drilling apparatus
hydraulic fluid
ram
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92111212A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0522446A2 (fr
EP0522446A3 (en
Inventor
Gustav Dr. Jenne
Dietmar Jenne
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Terra AG fuer Tiefbautechnik
Original Assignee
Terra AG fuer Tiefbautechnik
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Terra AG fuer Tiefbautechnik filed Critical Terra AG fuer Tiefbautechnik
Publication of EP0522446A2 publication Critical patent/EP0522446A2/fr
Publication of EP0522446A3 publication Critical patent/EP0522446A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0522446B1 publication Critical patent/EP0522446B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/04—Directional drilling
    • E21B7/06—Deflecting the direction of boreholes
    • E21B7/065—Deflecting the direction of boreholes using oriented fluid jets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B10/00—Drill bits
    • E21B10/36—Percussion drill bits
    • E21B10/38—Percussion drill bits characterised by conduits or nozzles for drilling fluids
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B17/00—Drilling rods or pipes; Flexible drill strings; Kellies; Drill collars; Sucker rods; Cables; Casings; Tubings
    • E21B17/02—Couplings; joints
    • E21B17/04—Couplings; joints between rod or the like and bit or between rod and rod or the like
    • E21B17/07—Telescoping joints for varying drill string lengths; Shock absorbers
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B4/00—Drives for drilling, used in the borehole
    • E21B4/06—Down-hole impacting means, e.g. hammers
    • E21B4/14—Fluid operated hammers
    • E21B4/145—Fluid operated hammers of the self propelled-type, e.g. with a reverse mode to retract the device from the hole
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/18—Drilling by liquid or gas jets, with or without entrained pellets
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/26—Drilling without earth removal, e.g. with self-propelled burrowing devices
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E21—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; MINING
    • E21B—EARTH OR ROCK DRILLING; OBTAINING OIL, GAS, WATER, SOLUBLE OR MELTABLE MATERIALS OR A SLURRY OF MINERALS FROM WELLS
    • E21B7/00—Special methods or apparatus for drilling
    • E21B7/26—Drilling without earth removal, e.g. with self-propelled burrowing devices
    • E21B7/267—Drilling devices with senders, e.g. radio-transmitters for position of drilling tool

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for directional controls of an earth drilling device according to the preamble of claim 1 or claim 2 and an earth drilling device for performing an aforementioned method.
  • this drill head For straight running, however, this drill head must be tapered, as is the case with the device described above rotated continuously.
  • a disadvantage of this solution is that the mechanism required to rotate the head does not withstand the harsh operating conditions for long. This would apply in particular to so-called ram boring machines, in which the dynamic hammer blows required to move the earth boring machine are so hard that the elements for guiding and rotating the head would be worn out in a short time.
  • an earth drill is known, in the drill head of which nozzles are formed for the discharge of a drilling fluid.
  • the liquid discharge through the nozzle can be controlled. Since the drill head must be rotated to penetrate the ground, it must be stopped to change the drilling direction. After the drill head has stopped, the floor is washed away at the desired location by activating certain nozzles. When the drill is put back into operation, it penetrates the flushed cavity and thus deviates from the previous drilling direction in the desired direction. A change of direction during the advance is not possible.
  • An earth drill according to US Pat. No. 3,746,108 also has the same disadvantage. It differs from the solution known from US Pat. No. 3,365,007 in that the jet nozzles are arranged asymmetrically on the drill head and cannot be controlled selectively. To be able to change the drilling direction, the drill head must be stopped again and aligned so that the nozzles point in the desired direction. After flushing out a lateral cavity, drilling can then be resumed.
  • US-A-4 930 586 which corresponds to the combination of features in the preambles of claim 1 and claim 2, describes an earth boring device with a drill pipe which has a rounded nose at its propulsion end. A nozzle opening is arranged in this nose, through which an essentially axially directed jet of drilling fluid emerges. The drilling is made solely by this drilling fluid. Furthermore, four nozzles are arranged in the drill pipe just behind the rounded nose so that their axes are perpendicular to the axis of the drill pipe and perpendicular to each other. Drilling fluid for controlling the head end of the drill pipe can escape through these nozzles. The dispensing of the liquid is controlled by solenoid valves. The information about the position of the drill head and the control nozzles is determined with the help of roll and tilt sensors which are arranged in the drill head. The drill head is controlled by the recoil of the drilling fluid emerging from the respective nozzle.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a method of the type mentioned and an earth drill for its implementation, in which the direction of advance of the earth drill can be changed as desired even in inhomogeneous and solid soils without the head of the earth drill being rotatable about its axis got to.
  • the directional control of the earth drilling device is thus effected in that the pressure fluid for each nozzle is controlled individually with regard to the pressure and / or amount of the pressure fluid.
  • further jet nozzles are arranged in the tubular housing, which - viewed in the longitudinal direction of the earth boring device - are in alignment with at least one jet nozzle of the head and are each pressurized with hydraulic fluid in the same way as the jet nozzles in alignment with them Head.
  • the base is loosened up by the pressure fluid for a change of direction not only in the area of the head but also in the area of the housing.
  • the soil is loosened to a greater length, so that the earth drill can be deflected over a shorter tunneling section, i.e. curves with smaller radii can be achieved for the path of the earth drilling rig.
  • the ram boring machine can be driven through the nozzles during the discharge of the pressure fluid. This achieves a high rate of advance.
  • the pressure of the pressure fluid at the nozzles pointing in the desired direction of deflection can vary between approximately 20 and 250 bar, depending on the type of floor.
  • a hydraulic fluid can be used that has thixotropic or lubricant properties.
  • An earth boring device for performing a method of the type described above is specified in claim 6.
  • the respective jet angle of the nozzle is adjustable.
  • the nozzles are arranged symmetrically with respect to the longitudinal axis of the earth drilling device.
  • the device is guaranteed to run straight, provided the soil is reasonably homogeneous.
  • the head of the earth drilling device can be designed in a conventional manner.
  • the head can be conical in shape and have grooves distributed symmetrically with respect to the axis, in which the nozzles are arranged, over the conical surface.
  • the head can also be stepped and also have longitudinal grooves distributed symmetrically with respect to the axis, in which the nozzles are in turn arranged.
  • the stepped head has better smashing properties.
  • control valves for controlling the hydraulic fluid supply to the individual nozzles can either be provided in the earth drilling machine itself or on the hydraulic fluid source.
  • the latter embodiment has the advantage that the control lines for controlling the valves are short and do not have to be pulled along with the earth drilling machine.
  • the earth drilling device can be pressed into the ground in a manner known per se via a rod engaging at its end remote from the head, wherein a vibration damper can be installed between the earth drilling device and the rod to protect it from damage from blows from the ramming device.
  • the head of the earth drilling machine can be in it is known to provide a transmitter which emits suitable position signals.
  • FIG. 1 generally 10 denotes an earth boring device, with the help of which a tube 14 is to be produced in the soil 12, in which cable or hoses can then subsequently be laid.
  • the earth drilling device 10 which will be described in more detail later with reference to FIG. 3, is a ram drilling device which is driven through the soil 12 by the impacts of a percussion piston which is axially movable in the cylindrical housing of the earth drilling device 10.
  • the percussion piston is driven by compressed air, which is supplied from a compressed air source 18 via a hollow rod 16.
  • the linkage 16 also serves to exert a further driving force on the earth drilling device 10.
  • the pits 22 and 24 shown in the drawing serve as a connecting pit or start and entry pit for the earth drilling machine 10 and the linkage 16.
  • nozzles are arranged on the head of the earth boring machine, generally designated 28, through which liquid is directed in a specific direction at a pressure between 20 and 250 bar, which is also via the linkage 16 or is supplied via its own pressure lines, can be sprayed into the soil, as indicated in Figure 1 by arrows 30 on the head 28 of the earth drilling machine.
  • the pressure is loosened or washed away by the pressure fluid jet, so that it presents the earth drilling device 10 with less resistance in this area.
  • the earth boring machine 10 is deflected when it propels into the area of lower resistance.
  • the ram boring machine shown schematically in FIG. 3 in a section containing the axis comprises a housing, generally designated 32, with a cylindrical section 34 and a conical head 36. At its end remote from the head, the housing 32 is closed by a closing part 38, which extends into the cylindrical section 34 is screwed in.
  • a percussion piston 40 is guided axially displaceably in the housing 32.
  • the percussion piston 40 has a blind bore 42 into which a control tube 44 engages, which is screwed to the closure part 38 and via one of these penetrating bore 46 is connected to the linkage 16 serving as a compressed air supply line.
  • the blind bore 42 is connected via radially directed channels 48 to an annular space 50, which is formed by a reduced-diameter section of the percussion piston 40 between the latter and the housing wall surrounding it.
  • This annular space 50 is connected via longitudinal grooves 52 in the front area of the percussion piston 40 to the interior of the housing 32 lying in front of the percussion piston 40.
  • the ram boring machine described so far and known per se works as follows: When compressed air is supplied via the linkage 16, the bore 46 and the control tube 44, the percussion piston 40 is accelerated forward (to the left in FIG. 3). Shortly before the percussion piston 40 with its end face 54 reaches the impact surface 56 on the head 36, the radial bores 48 come into contact with the front end of the control tube 44, so that compressed air through the radial bores 48, the annular space 50 and the longitudinal grooves 52 into the cavity can get in front of the percussion piston 40. The compressed air reaches the front end face 54 of the percussion piston at the moment of impact and pushes the percussion piston 40 back again. Before the percussion piston 40 would strike the closure piece 38, the compressed air, as shown in FIG.
  • Nozzle openings 62 are formed on the head 36, each of which is connected to pressure fluid line 66 via channels 64 which run within the housing wall and the closure piece 38 and which are connected to the closure piece 38. Pressure channels are supplied via channels 64 and lines 66 from a pressure fluid source 68, which is shown schematically in FIG. 1, which emerges from the nozzle openings 62 with a sharp jet.
  • the supply to the individual nozzles is controlled via control valves 70 which are schematically indicated in FIG. 3 and which are arranged in the pressure fluid source 68 in the present example. With these control valves 70, the amount and / or the pressure of the pressure fluid supplied to the individual nozzle openings 62 can be adjusted individually in order to achieve the above-described directional control of the earth drilling device 10.
  • nozzle openings 71 are provided in the cylindrical section 34 of the housing 32.
  • the nozzles 71 are each — in relation to the longitudinal axis of the earth drilling device 10 — in alignment with the nozzles 62, as shown in FIG. 3. Through them, liquid can be pressed between the cylindrical section 34 and the surrounding earth, on the one hand to facilitate the sliding of the earth drilling device in the ground.
  • the ground can be loosened over a longer distance, so that the change of direction is possible within a shorter distance.
  • FIGs 4 to 7 show two known heads of earth drilling equipment, on which jet nozzles are now arranged according to the invention.
  • the heads are shown individually, but can be made in one piece the cylindrical portion of the housing 32, as shown in Figure 3.
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 show a conical displacement head with longitudinal grooves 72, in which jet nozzles 74 are arranged, which, in contrast to the nozzle openings 62 in FIG. 3, direct the pressure fluid jet obliquely forward at a predetermined angle a (FIG. 6).
  • the grooves 72 and the nozzles 74 are distributed symmetrically about the axis of the head at equal angular distances.
  • Figure 7 shows a stepped head which has better shattering properties for use in hard and stony soil.
  • This head also has longitudinal grooves 72, in which, as an example, two jet nozzles 74 are arranged one behind the other, the radiation angle of which can be selected to be the same or different, so as to increase the control options.
  • the nozzles can be connected in a longitudinal groove 72 to a common or else to separate hydraulic fluid lines.
  • FIGS. 9 and 10 each show a nozzle body 74 which is designed in the form of a slotted screw which can be screwed into the respective nozzle opening 62 and through which a nozzle channel 75 runs.
  • the nozzle channel 75 is axially directed, whereas in the embodiment according to FIG. 10 the nozzle channel forms an angle with the screw axis.
  • the jet angle of the nozzles can be adjusted by entering nozzle bodies with differently designed nozzle channels. In the case of an obliquely directed nozzle channel, the jet direction can also be changed by rotating the nozzle body.
  • FIG. 8 shows a vibration damper, generally designated 76, which is inserted between the closure part 38 and the linkage 16 in order to prevent its being damaged by the ram impacts of the ram boring machine.
  • the vibration damper comprises a cylindrical housing 78, which is screwed at one end into the closure part 38 and serves to guide a piston 80 connected to the linkage 16, a damping spring 82 being provided between the end surface of the housing 78 facing the closure part 38 and the piston 80 is arranged.
  • a ram boring machine has been described as a particularly preferred exemplary embodiment.
  • the control with the aid of nozzles arranged on the head of a ram boring machine and pressure fluid jets emerging through the nozzles can also be used with a static earth boring machine, as is shown schematically in FIG.
  • This earth drilling machine is driven not by the ramming impacts of a percussion piston but by the feed pressure introduced via the linkage. Otherwise, however, the statements made regarding the ram boring machine described above also apply in the same way to such a static earth boring machine.
  • Both types of devices have the advantage over the previously known solutions that the control of the nozzles for the purpose of changing the direction can take place during the advance of the device.
  • a transmitter 84 shown schematically in FIG. 3, can be arranged in the head 36 of the earth drilling device, which enables a correct position determination of the earth drilling device.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geology (AREA)
  • Mining & Mineral Resources (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Environmental & Geological Engineering (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • General Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Geochemistry & Mineralogy (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)

Claims (18)

  1. Procédé de commande de direction d'un appareil de forage du sol (10) qui comprend un corps tubulaire (34) et une tête (36) coaxiale avec ce corps, où, avant ou pendant l'avancement de l'appareil de forage du sol (10), pour la déviation de celui-ci de sa direction axiale d'avancement, du liquide sous pression est envoyé à des buses à jet (62, 74) faites dans la tête (36), caractérisé par le fait que si l'appareil de forage du sol est un appareil de forage par battage (10), la matière se trouvant sur le côté de la tête (36) de cet appareil (10) est ameublie ou enlevée par alimentation en liquide sous pression, seulement, de la buse (62, 74) ou des buses (62, 74) dont le jet est dirigé sur le côté de la tête de l'appareil de forage par battage (10), au moins approximativement dans la direction désirée de déviation de l'appareil (10).
  2. Procédé de commande de direction d'un appareil de forage du sol (10) qui comprend un corps tubulaire (34) et une tête (36) coaxiale avec ce corps, où, avant ou pendant l'avancement de l'appareil de forage du sol (10), pour la déviation de celui-ci de sa direction axiale d'avancement, du liquide sous pression est envoyé à des buses à jet (62, 74) faites dans la tête (36), caractérisé par le fait que si l'appareil de forage de sol est un appareil de forage par battage (10), la matière se trouvant sur le côté de la tête (36) de cet appareil (10) est ameublie ou enlevée grâce au fait que la pression du liquide sous pression au niveau de la buse (62, 74) ou des buses (62, 74), dont le jet est dirigé sur le côté de la tête (36) de l'appareil de forage par battage (10), au moins approximativement dans la direction désirée de déviation de l'appareil (10), est supérieure à la pression du liquide sous pression au niveau des autres buses (62, 74).
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 et 2, caractérisé par le fait que dans le corps tubulaire (34) sont prévues d'autres buses à jet (71) qui, vues dans la direction longitudinale de l'appareil de forage par battage, sont alignées chacune avec au moins une buse à jet (62) de la tête (36) et sont alimentées en liquide sous pression chacune de la même manière que les buses à jet (62) de la tête (36) alignées avec elles.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 3, caractérisé par le fait que la pression du liquide sous pression au niveau des buses (62, 74) qui émettent dans la direction désirée de déviation est d'environ 20 à 250 bar.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 4, caractérisé par le fait que le liquide sous pression est thixotrope ou lubrifiant.
  6. Appareil de forage du sol pour la mise en oeuvre d'un procédé selon l'une des revendications 1 à 5, comportant un corps tubulaire (34), une tête (36) coaxiale avec ce corps et des moyens (40 ; 16) d'avancement de l'appareil de forage du sol (10), dans la tête (36) de l'appareil de forage du sol (10) étant prévues au moins trois buses (62, 74) qui peuvent être reliées à une source de liquide sous pression (68) et sont placées latéralement en arrière de la pointe de la tête de façon que la direction du jet sortant d'une buse (62, 74) sur le côté de l'appareil de forage du sol (10) fasse un angle (a) avec l'axe longitudinal de l'appareil de forage du sol (10), et l'envoi de liquide sous pression à chaque buse (62, 74) pouvant être commandé individuellement, et dans lequel l'appareil de forage du sol est un appareil de forage par battage dynamique (10), et l'envoi de liquide sous pression peut être commandé en ce qui concerne la pression ou le débit du liquide sous pression.
  7. Appareil selon la revendication 6, caractérisé par le fait que l'angle du jet de chacune des buses (74) est réglable.
  8. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 6 et 7, caractérisé par le fait que plusieurs buses (74) sont placées les unes derrière les autres dans la direction longitudinale de l'appareil de forage par battage (10).
  9. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 6 à 8, caractérisé par le fait que dans le corps tubulaire (34) sont prévues d'autres buses (71) qui, vues dans la direction longitudinale de l'appareil de forage par battage, sont alignées chacune avec au moins une buse à jet (62, 74) de la tête (36).
  10. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 6 à 9, caractérisé par le fait que les buses (74) sont placées symétriquement par rapport à l'axe longitudinal de l'appareil de forage par battage (10).
  11. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé par le fait que la tête (36) de l'appareil de forage par battage (10) est conique et présente des rainures (72), réparties sur sa surface conique symétriquement par rapport à l'axe, dans lesquelles sont placées les buses (74).
  12. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 6 à 10, caractérisé par le fait que la tête (36) de l'appareil de forage par battage (10) est étagée et présente des rainures longitudinales (72), réparties symétriquement par rapport à l'axe, dans lesquelles sont placées les buses (74).
  13. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 6 à 12, caractérisé par le fait que les buses (62) sont jointes à des conduits parallèles à l'axe (64) s'étendant dans la paroi du corps et dont les extrémités éloignées de la tête sont reliées par des conduites souples (66) à la source de liquide sous pression (68).
  14. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 6 à 13, caractérisé par le fait que des vannes pilotes (70) pour la commande de l'envoi de liquide sous pression aux différentes buses (62, 74) sont montés dans l'appareil de forage par battage (10).
  15. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 6 à 14, caractérisé par le fait que dans la tête (36) de l'appareil de forage par battage (10) est monté un émetteur pour la détermination de la position de l'appareil (10).
  16. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 6 à 15, caractérisé par le fait que l'appareil de forage par battage (10) est joint à une tringlerie de poussée (16) par laquelle une force d'avance peut être exercée sur lui.
  17. Appareil selon la revendication 16, caractérisé par le fait qu'entre l'appareil de forage par battage (10) et la tringlerie (16) est placé un amortisseur de vibrations (76).
  18. Appareil selon l'une des revendications 6 à 17, caractérisé par le fait que le corps (34) de l'appareil de forage par battage est joint à une conduite d'évacuation d'air, étanche à l'eau (60), qui évacue l'air comprimé nécessaire à l'actionnement d'un piston frappeur (40) de l'appareil de forage par battage.
EP92111212A 1991-07-05 1992-07-02 Procédé pour contrÔler la direction d'un appareil de forage du sol et dispositif pour l'exécution de forages Expired - Lifetime EP0522446B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4122350 1991-07-05
DE4122350A DE4122350C2 (de) 1991-07-05 1991-07-05 Verfahren zur Richtungssteuerung eines Raunbohrgerätes sowie Vorrichtung zur Herstellung von Erdbohrungen

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0522446A2 EP0522446A2 (fr) 1993-01-13
EP0522446A3 EP0522446A3 (en) 1993-03-24
EP0522446B1 true EP0522446B1 (fr) 1996-10-02

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US (1) US5288173A (fr)
EP (1) EP0522446B1 (fr)
DE (1) DE4122350C2 (fr)

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Publication number Publication date
DE4122350A1 (de) 1993-01-14
US5288173A (en) 1994-02-22
EP0522446A2 (fr) 1993-01-13
EP0522446A3 (en) 1993-03-24
DE4122350C2 (de) 1996-11-21

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