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EP0519334B1 - Flat tube heat exchanger, process for manufacturing same, applications and flat tubes for heat exchanger - Google Patents

Flat tube heat exchanger, process for manufacturing same, applications and flat tubes for heat exchanger Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0519334B1
EP0519334B1 EP92109870A EP92109870A EP0519334B1 EP 0519334 B1 EP0519334 B1 EP 0519334B1 EP 92109870 A EP92109870 A EP 92109870A EP 92109870 A EP92109870 A EP 92109870A EP 0519334 B1 EP0519334 B1 EP 0519334B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
heat exchanger
flat
flat tubes
exchanger according
sides
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP92109870A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0519334A2 (en
EP0519334A3 (en
Inventor
Roland Dipl.-Ing. Haussmann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thermal-Werke Warme- Kalte- Klimatechnik GmbH
Original Assignee
Thermal-Werke Warme- Kalte- Klimatechnik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE4120442A external-priority patent/DE4120442A1/en
Application filed by Thermal-Werke Warme- Kalte- Klimatechnik GmbH filed Critical Thermal-Werke Warme- Kalte- Klimatechnik GmbH
Publication of EP0519334A2 publication Critical patent/EP0519334A2/en
Publication of EP0519334A3 publication Critical patent/EP0519334A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0519334B1 publication Critical patent/EP0519334B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D1/00Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators
    • F28D1/02Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid
    • F28D1/04Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits
    • F28D1/053Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight
    • F28D1/0535Heat-exchange apparatus having stationary conduit assemblies for one heat-exchange medium only, the media being in contact with different sides of the conduit wall, in which the other heat-exchange medium is a large body of fluid, e.g. domestic or motor car radiators with heat-exchange conduits immersed in the body of fluid with tubular conduits the conduits being straight the conduits having a non-circular cross-section
    • F28D1/05366Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators
    • F28D1/05383Assemblies of conduits connected to common headers, e.g. core type radiators with multiple rows of conduits or with multi-channel conduits
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F1/00Tubular elements; Assemblies of tubular elements
    • F28F1/02Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular
    • F28F1/022Tubular elements of cross-section which is non-circular with multiple channels
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/0219Arrangements for sealing end plates into casing or header box; Header box sub-elements
    • F28F9/0224Header boxes formed by sealing end plates into covers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F9/00Casings; Header boxes; Auxiliary supports for elements; Auxiliary members within casings
    • F28F9/02Header boxes; End plates
    • F28F9/04Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates
    • F28F9/16Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling
    • F28F9/18Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding
    • F28F9/182Arrangements for sealing elements into header boxes or end plates by permanent joints, e.g. by rolling by welding the heat-exchange conduits having ends with a particular shape, e.g. deformed; the heat-exchange conduits or end plates having supplementary joining means, e.g. abutments
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28DHEAT-EXCHANGE APPARATUS, NOT PROVIDED FOR IN ANOTHER SUBCLASS, IN WHICH THE HEAT-EXCHANGE MEDIA DO NOT COME INTO DIRECT CONTACT
    • F28D21/00Heat-exchange apparatus not covered by any of the groups F28D1/00 - F28D20/00
    • F28D2021/0019Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for
    • F28D2021/008Other heat exchangers for particular applications; Heat exchange systems not otherwise provided for for vehicles
    • F28D2021/0084Condensers
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2250/00Arrangements for modifying the flow of the heat exchange media, e.g. flow guiding means; Particular flow patterns
    • F28F2250/02Streamline-shaped elements
    • FMECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F28HEAT EXCHANGE IN GENERAL
    • F28FDETAILS OF HEAT-EXCHANGE AND HEAT-TRANSFER APPARATUS, OF GENERAL APPLICATION
    • F28F2265/00Safety or protection arrangements; Arrangements for preventing malfunction

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flat tube heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a flat tube heat exchanger is known for example from DE-A1-37 20 483 (Fig. 4).
  • the invention further relates to a manufacturing method of such a flat tube heat exchanger, applications and flat tubes for installation in the flat tube heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • Zigzag lamellas and with these equivalent lamellas - in the following also sometimes just called lamellas - are sandwiched in the sequence flat tube - (zigzag) lamella - flat tube - (zigzag) lamella - etc. side by side.
  • This arrangement is not equivalent to the insertion of pipes into, usually with collars, fins of plate packs, where, unlike the flat tube heat exchangers of the invention, the fins or their collars surround the respective pipe all around (see, for example, GB-A-538 018 ); the latter arrangement is therefore not considered in the context of the invention drawn.
  • the known profiles of the narrow sides of the flat tubes prove to be only conditionally favorable in terms of flow with regard to the external heat exchange fluid passing through the fins, e.g. of an air flow.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of improving the quality of connection of the fins with the flat tubes and taking account of aspects of the external flow dynamics, wherein the risk of falling rocks should also be reduced in the case of the use of the flat tube heat exchanger in a motor vehicle.
  • the c W value ie the coefficient of resistance of the heat exchanger with respect to the flow of the external heat exchange medium
  • the pressure loss of the external heat exchange medium is reduced.
  • the longitudinal extent 1 of the semicircularly rounded narrow side of the respective flat tube is equal to half the distance d between the flat sides of the flat tube or equal to their half width d.
  • the other known flat tube heat exchangers mentioned have even smaller values 1. This is not a coincidence, because up to now the longest possible soldering path along the flat sides of the flat tube profile has been attempted. The invention is consciously based on this previous design principle of all known flat tube heat exchangers in favor of the new effects mentioned. In addition, the soldering distance of the fins along the flat tube profile is also increased, since for the first time soldering also takes place in partial areas of the rounded narrow sides of the flat tube.
  • the measure according to claim 4 is preferably provided to continue the slats freely at least up to the two tangent planes to the vertices of the narrow sides in the area not soldered to the narrow sides.
  • the extended lamella areas at least partially cover the rounded narrow sides of the flat tubes to the outside and thus provide additional protection against damage, e.g. against stone chips in motor vehicles. If one were to let the known flat tube heat exchangers survive the fins only soldered to the flat sides via the imaginary tangential planes to the vertices of the rounded narrow sides of the flat tubes, then one would get rectangular protruding lamellar contours without covering the rounded narrow sides of the flat tubes; such protruding fins would be mechanically unstable, since they protrude freely over a relatively large distance up to the soldered areas with the flat sides of the flat tubes. Since, in the arrangement according to the invention, soldering also takes place with relatively large sections of the rounded narrow sides of the flat tubes, the free protrusion distance is, on the other hand, much less, which in turn leads to relatively greater mechanical stability.
  • Claim 6 gives a structurally particularly simple way of creating the supernatant with a good degree of coverage with an already existing radius of curvature. This does not conflict with the fact that the teaching of claim 5 can also be fulfilled with different degrees of curvature, possibly even in a linear continuation behind the soldered area, depending on how the desired coverage ratios of the rounded narrow sides of the flat tubes are selected.
  • the overall depth in the area of the collector is the determining dimension when installing it in a motor vehicle, for example.
  • this installation dimension is kept as small as possible, since it depends on the total length of the motor vehicle or its engine compartment, including the material consumption associated with this length problem in motor vehicle construction.
  • a saving of 3 mm in the collector area leads to a saving of 10 to 20 kg vehicle weight, especially sheet metal, depending on the vehicle type.
  • the collector could also be made of a plastic, for example, if the possibility of soldering, or an equivalent, is ensured, e.g. in the case of the plastic. a plastic weld.
  • soldering or an equivalent
  • the flat tubes are extruded profiles.
  • internal stiffeners such as the known intermediate webs
  • claims 14 to 17 are preferred and their dimensions correspond to optimal conditions in comparison with competitive heat exchangers according to the current state of the art. The same applies to the slat thickness for claim 18.
  • Claim 19 results in an additional mechanical solidification in addition to their better soldering to the flat tubes.
  • the heat exchangers according to the invention or manufactured according to the invention find their main fields of application as mass articles in the applications of claims 24 and 25.
  • other known applications such as, for example, as a cooler or as an evaporator, also come into question.
  • applications in motor vehicle construction are also preferred, without any areas of application in other fields of application, possibly also stationary arrangements, being excluded.
  • the invention also relates to Flat tubes for installation in a flat tube heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • claims 26 to 29 is based on the object of being able to produce and provide flat tubes for the flat tube heat exchanger according to the invention quickly and easily in a manner suitable for mass production.
  • the flat tube heat exchanger 2 according to FIG. 1 has two parallel collectors 4 which, without restriction of generality, have the design of the German utility model G 90 15 090.2.
  • the collectors have tube plates 6 which are parallel to one another and which are provided with slots 8 at equidistant intervals and in the two collectors opposite one another. Ends 10 of a flat tube 12 each engage in these slots 8.
  • the flat tubes 12 are gas-tight with the collectors 4 and thus also soldered liquid-tight.
  • the arrangement is such that the mutually parallel flat sides 14 of the flat tubes 12 run in the longitudinal direction L of the flat tube profile in the flow direction (arrow A) of the external heat exchange medium.
  • the flat tubes 12 have a heat exchange ribbing in the form of zigzag fins 16, or the sandwich-like type of installation flat tube - fin - flat tube - fin - etc. with such zigzag fins equivalent to other fins, which are soldered to the flat sides 14 of the flat tubes 12 adjacent edges 18 to the flat sides 14 of the flat tubes 12.
  • the scope of the respective collector 4 is composed of two components 20 and 22, of which the component 20 forms the tube sheet.
  • the tube sheet 20 has the slots 8 for receiving the flat tube ends 10 inserted therein, of which only one can be seen in the cross section according to FIG. 6.
  • the second component 22 together with the first component 20 complements the scope of the collector 4.
  • Separate caps are usually attached to the collector 4 at the end; however, these caps could also be integrally formed on one of the components 20 or 22. Separate caps are, however, sensible to provide if the second component 22 is preferably an extruded profile.
  • the first component 20 is expediently hard-solder coated on both sides.
  • the second component 22 is expediently free of solder.
  • Both components 20 and 22 overlap in two connection zones 24 extending along the collector 4 in three layers, a hard solder connection using the hard solder coating of the first component 20 in particular being present in the overlap zone.
  • the respective inner arm 32 of the fork-shaped design 30 is already arranged further inwards than the narrow sides of the mouth 28 of the flat tubes 12, so that the wall thickness of the inner arm 32 of the fork-shaped Training 30 contributes nothing to the depth, on the other hand, can be trained unimpaired according to the strength conditions.
  • the respective outer arm 34 of the fork-shaped configuration 30 can then, as already mentioned, be formed with a smaller wall thickness, as is also shown in FIG. 6.
  • the respective outer arm 34 is connected via a predetermined bending line in the form of a longitudinal groove 36 on the inside of the outer arm 34 at the base of the fork-shaped design 30, so that the outer arm 34 can be easily spread outwards. This promotes a desired clamping connection between the two arms 32 and 34 of the fork-shaped design 30 on the one hand and the wall webs 26 on the other hand.
  • the first component 20 is advantageously manufactured with its slots 8 as a flat part and provided with the solder coating 38 on both sides from the outset and only then bulged.
  • the flat tubes 12 are then expediently inserted into the receiving slots 8 and mechanically expanded therein.
  • the second component 22 with its fork-shaped configurations 30 is pushed onto the wall webs 26 of the first component 20.
  • the required braze joints are formed on the one hand in the connection zones 24 and on the other hand between the flat tubes 12 and the receiving slots 8 in a soldering furnace.
  • One collector 4 is provided with at least one partition 52 and on one side of the partition with an inlet 54 and on the other side of the partition with an outlet 56 for an internal heat exchange medium. If the other collector is then designed without such a partition, the internal heat exchange medium flows from inlet 54 through the connected part of the collector and the connected flat tubes 12 to the opposite collector and then through the other flat tubes 12 back into the other section of the former collector and out of the outlet 56.
  • the second collector can be dispensed with entirely and, if necessary, replaced by hairpin bypasses.
  • the profile of the flat tubes 12 can be seen from FIG. 3 in connection with FIGS. 4 and 5.
  • the profile has a profile length L.
  • the profile is a mirror image of the imaginary longitudinal center plane BB, on the two sides of which parallel profile walls 40 extend, which form the two mutually parallel flat sides 14 on the outside.
  • the parallel walls 40 are stiffened with respect to one another by intermediate webs 42 which are perpendicular to them, four equidistant intermediate webs being provided here without restricting the generality.
  • the parallel walls 40 continue in rounded walls 44, which end in an apex 46 of the profile and together result in rounded narrow sides 50 of the profile.
  • the longitudinal extent of one of these rounded narrow sides in the direction of dimension L here has dimension 1 in each case.
  • the rounded narrow sides 50 adjoin the outermost intermediate web 42.
  • FIG. 3 The representation of FIG. 3 is approximately true to scale in a ratio of 1: 8.
  • the fins 16 are not only soldered to the flat sides 14 of the flat tubes 12, but also to the areas 58 of the rounded narrow sides, specifically in the construction of two circular arcs r1 and r2 along the entire length of the two arcs with radius r2.
  • an imaginary tangential plane C to the adjacent apex 46 of adjacent flat tubes 12 can be seen in dashed lines. From Fig. 3 it can also be seen that the slats 16 on both sides of the rounded narrow side 50 in the vicinity of the circular arc with the radius r1 with the radius r2 extends freely, not only up to the tangential plane C, but also beyond this . At the end of the heat exchanger, the edges 60 of the fins 16, which are aligned in a straight line, only form a small gap 62 with respect to the apex 46 of the flat tube.
  • the lamella 16 is provided with a corrugation 64 which projects on both sides with respect to the otherwise essentially flat lamella plane and stiffens the lamella region which projects freely from the flat tubes.
  • This area is relatively small anyway, since, according to FIG. 3, the lamella is close to its apex 46, i.e. in the area of the entire circular arc with the radius r2, is soldered.
  • the length S of the respective slot 8 in the collector 4 is also smaller than the length L of the profile according to FIG. 3 of the flat tube in the area of the ribbing with the fins 16.
  • the ends 10 of the flat tubes can nevertheless be inserted into the slots 8 because they are drawn in relative to the other profile according to FIG. 3 of the flat tubes 12.
  • the ends 10 of the flat tubes 12 merge into the normal profile of the flat tubes according to FIG. 3 via a transition zone 66 located outside the collector.
  • the possibility of retracting the ends 10 of the flat tubes is based on the selected shape of the rounded narrow sides 50 of the flat tube profiles. If these are compressed in the longitudinal direction of their profile cross-section according to FIG. 7b or FIG. 7c - which is only practically usable due to the relatively elongated shape of the rounded narrow sides 50 of the profiles - the tube ends 10 are given a reduced effective length, which is an insertion in the slots 8 allows.
  • FIG. 7b and 7c illustrate two preferred options for this longitudinal compression of the profiles.
  • the deformation takes place with tube compression on the rounded narrow sides 50 in the longitudinal direction of the flat tube profiles while maintaining the length of the neutral fiber 68 (shown in broken lines).
  • the deformation takes place with tube compression on the rounded narrow sides 50 in the longitudinal direction of the flat tube profiles with simultaneous compression of the material wall thickness, so that the neutral fiber shown in broken lines is shortened.
  • a collection of material can be seen, in particular in the corner areas of the end faces of the compressed profile, as is indicated, for example, at a corner by reference number 70. This type of compression can go so far that a central fold 72 forms in the apex region of the compressed rounded section 50.
  • the end 10 of the flat tube engaging in the slot 8 can be expanded by a mandrel against the edge of the slot shown in dashed line in FIG. 7c 8 widen and thereby stretch the fold 72 which was initially formed again and bring it into straight contact with the narrow side of the edge of the slot.
  • the length of the fold initially formed can be used to fill the otherwise particularly critical corner areas of the slot when expanding.
  • This type of expansion technology involves a two-part training of the collector ahead of both components 20 and 22, the cover-like component 22 then being placed on the component 20 forming the tube sheet after the expansion.
  • the narrow side of the flat tube is also critical in terms of the quality of the soldering outdoors.
  • the transition region 66 into the retracted end 10 forms a relatively acute angle with the tube sheet 20, which is particularly suitable for solder absorption.
  • the transition region 66 can also serve as a tolerance-compensating stop for a form-fitting insertion of the pipe ends 10 into the slots 8 of the collector 4.
  • the respective material bridge 80 has a low material thickness and a short length in the plane of extension of the flat tubes 12.
  • the dimensions are selected apart from the desired function of the interlinked arrangement of the flat tubes 12 so that the entire interlinked arrangement can be produced as an integral extruded profile of indefinite length . This applies in particular to the minimum dimensions of the material bridges 80.
  • the maximum thickness of the material bridges 80 is chosen so that the separation line can be torn off, pressed, sheared, cut off or the like known separation process. Functionally, the following must also be taken into account when dimensioning:
  • the interlinked arrangement of the flat tubes 12, initially with an indefinite length should be able to be wound up as an integral extruded part on a core in order to be able to store it temporarily and, if necessary, to transport it.
  • the longitudinal extent 1 of the respective rounded narrow side 50 of the respective flat tube 12 and the distance d between the flat sides 14 of the respective flat tube 12 also correspond to the information given in the description of the flat tube heat exchanger according to the invention.
  • the direction of extension of the material bridges 80 is to be understood analogously in the direction of the longitudinal extension 1.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Geometry (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung bezieht sich auf einen Flachrohrwärmetauscher gemäß dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1. Ein solcher Flachrohrwärmetauscher ist beispielsweise aus der DE-A1-37 20 483 (Fig. 4) bekannt. Die Erfindung betrifft ferner ein Herstellungsverfahren eines solchen Flachrohrwärmetauschers, Anwendungen und Flachrohre zum Einbau in den erfindungsgemäßen Flachrohrwärmetauscher.The invention relates to a flat tube heat exchanger according to the preamble of claim 1. Such a flat tube heat exchanger is known for example from DE-A1-37 20 483 (Fig. 4). The invention further relates to a manufacturing method of such a flat tube heat exchanger, applications and flat tubes for installation in the flat tube heat exchanger according to the invention.

Bei solchen bekannten Flachrohrwärmetauschern (vgl. auch die EP-B1-0 255 313 oder die eigene EP-A2 0 374 896 der Anmelderin) sind die Schmalseiten der Flachrohre mit einem Halbkreisbogen gerundet, dessen Radius dem halben Abstand d der Flachseiten eines Flachrohres, oder anders ausgedrückt der halben Breite d des Flachrohres, entspricht. Dies ist die meistgebrauchte Schmalseitenausbildung von Flachrohrwärmetauschern, die für verschiedene Anwendungszwecke in Massenfertigung hergestellt werden.In such known flat tube heat exchangers (cf. also EP-B1-0 255 313 or the applicant's own EP-A2 0 374 896), the narrow sides of the flat tubes are rounded with a semicircular arc, the radius of which is half the distance d between the flat sides of a flat tube, or in other words, half the width d of the flat tube. This is the most widely used narrow side formation of flat tube heat exchangers, which are mass-produced for various applications.

Zickzacklamellen und mit diesen äquivalente Lamellen - im folgenden teilweise auch nur kurz Lamellen genannt - werden sandwichartig in der Folge Flachrohr - (Zickzack-)Lamelle - Flachrohr - (Zickzack-)Lamelle - etc. seitlich nebeneinander geschachtelt. Diese Anordnung ist nicht äquivalent mit dem Einstecken von Rohren in, meist mit Krägen versehene, Lamellen von Lamellenpaketen, wo anders als bei den Flachrohrwärmetauschern der Erfindung die Lamellen bzw. deren Krägen das jeweilige Rohr ringsum umgeben (vgl. z.B. GB-A-538 018); die letztgenannte Anordnung ist daher im Rahmen der Erfindung nicht mit in Betracht gezogen.Zigzag lamellas and with these equivalent lamellas - in the following also sometimes just called lamellas - are sandwiched in the sequence flat tube - (zigzag) lamella - flat tube - (zigzag) lamella - etc. side by side. This arrangement is not equivalent to the insertion of pipes into, usually with collars, fins of plate packs, where, unlike the flat tube heat exchangers of the invention, the fins or their collars surround the respective pipe all around (see, for example, GB-A-538 018 ); the latter arrangement is therefore not considered in the context of the invention drawn.

Daneben ist es noch bekannt, die Schmalseiten der Flachrohre rechteckig, mit abgerundeten Kanten oder dachförmig mit stumpfem Scheitelwinkel des Daches auszubilden. In all diesen Fällen sind die Zickzacklamellen nur mit den Flachseiten benachbarter Flachrohre verlötet, und es besteht dementsprechend das Bestreben, die Erstreckungslänge dieser Flachseiten möglichst groß zu wählen. Es kommt dabei jedoch vor, daß die nur an flachen Flächen verlöteten Lamellen vor dem Verlöten verrutschen. Dies führt neben einer optischen Störung der Oberfläche des Wärmetauschers zu einer vergrößerten realen Bautiefe desselben und darüber hinaus gelegentlich sogar zu Störungen der wärmeleitenden Verbindung zwischen den Flachrohren und den Lamellen.In addition, it is also known to form the narrow sides of the flat tubes rectangular, with rounded edges or roof-shaped with an obtuse apex angle of the roof. In all these cases, the zigzag fins are only soldered to the flat sides of adjacent flat tubes, and accordingly there is an effort to choose the extension length of these flat sides as large as possible. However, it happens that the lamellae, which are only soldered to flat surfaces, slip before being soldered. In addition to an optical disturbance of the surface of the heat exchanger, this leads to an increased real depth of the same and moreover occasionally even to disturbances of the heat-conducting connection between the flat tubes and the fins.

Darüber hinaus erweisen sich die bekannten Profilierungen der Schmalseiten der Flachrohre als nur bedingt strömungsgünstig bezüglich des die Lamellen durchstreichenden äußeren Wärmetauschfluids, z.B. eines Luftstroms.In addition, the known profiles of the narrow sides of the flat tubes prove to be only conditionally favorable in terms of flow with regard to the external heat exchange fluid passing through the fins, e.g. of an air flow.

Schließlich sind die bekannten Profile der Schmalseiten der Flachrohre gegen Steinschlag bei Anordnung im Motorraum eines Kraftwagens empfindlich.Finally, the known profiles of the narrow sides of the flat tubes are sensitive to stone chipping when arranged in the engine compartment of a motor vehicle.

Der Erfindung liegt daher zunächst die Aufgabe zugrunde, die Verbindungsgüte der Lamellen mit den Flachrohren zu verbessern und dabei Gesichtspunkten der äußeren Strömungsdynamik Rechnung zu tragen, wobei im Falle der Anwendung des Flachrohrwärmetauschers in einem Kraftwagen auch die Steinschlaggefahr gemindert werden soll.The invention is therefore based on the object of improving the quality of connection of the fins with the flat tubes and taking account of aspects of the external flow dynamics, wherein the risk of falling rocks should also be reduced in the case of the use of the flat tube heat exchanger in a motor vehicle.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei einem Flachrohrwärmetauscher mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs von Anspruch 1 durch dessen kennzeichnenden Merkmale gelöst.This object is achieved in a flat tube heat exchanger with the features of the preamble of claim 1 by its characterizing features.

Indem nach der Erfindung die gerundeten Schmalseiten mit einer langgestreckteren Rundung als bisher versehen werden, wird der cW-Wert, d.h. der Widerstandsbeiwert des Wärmetauschers in bezug auf die Strömung des äußeren Wärmetauschmediums, verringert und dadurch der Druckverlust des äußeren Wärmetauschmediums reduziert. Dabei wird bei Einbau in Kraftfahrzeugengen zugleich äußerer Steinschlag besser abgeleitet, soweit er nicht unmittelbar den Scheitelbereich der gerundeten Schmalseiten trifft. Darüber hinaus bieten die langgestreckten gerundeten Schmalseiten die Möglichkeit, daß nunmehr die Lamellen nicht nur an den Flachseiten benachbarter Flachrohre anliegen, sondern die Flachrohre auch noch über eine nennenswerte Länge des Profils formschlüssig umgreifen und so gegen ein Verrutschen in Längsrichtung L des Flachrohrprofils vor dem Verlöten durch Formschluß gesichert sind.By providing the rounded narrow sides with an elongated curve than before, the c W value, ie the coefficient of resistance of the heat exchanger with respect to the flow of the external heat exchange medium, is reduced and the pressure loss of the external heat exchange medium is reduced. When installing in motor vehicle quantities At the same time, external rockfall is better discharged, provided that it does not directly hit the apex area of the rounded narrow sides. In addition, the elongated rounded narrow sides offer the possibility that now the fins not only rest on the flat sides of adjacent flat tubes, but also grip the flat tubes positively over a significant length of the profile and thus prevent them from slipping in the longitudinal direction L of the flat tube profile before being soldered Form locking are secured.

Bei den Flachrohrwärmetauschern, auf welche sich die Erfindung mit ihrem Oberbegriff bezieht, ist die Längserstrekkung 1 der halbkreisförmig gerundeten Schmalseite des jeweiligen Flachrohres gleich dem halben Abstand d der Flachseiten des Flachrohres bzw. gleich deren halber Breite d. Die anderen erwähnten bekannten Flachrohrwärmetauscher haben sogar noch kleinere Werte 1. Dies ist kein Zufall, weil man bisher eine möglichst lange Verlötungsstrecke längs der Flachseiten des Flachrohrprofils angestrebt hat. Die Erfindung geht bewußt von diesem bisherigen Konstruktionsprinzip aller bekannten Flachrohrwärmetauscher ab zugunsten der erwähnten neuen Wirkungen. Dabei wird darüber hinaus sogar die Verlötungsstrecke der Lamellen längs des Flachrohrprofils noch vergrößert, da erstmalig eine Verlötung auch in Teilbereichen der gerundeten Schmalseiten des Flachrohres erfolgt.In the flat tube heat exchangers, to which the invention relates with its preamble, the longitudinal extent 1 of the semicircularly rounded narrow side of the respective flat tube is equal to half the distance d between the flat sides of the flat tube or equal to their half width d. The other known flat tube heat exchangers mentioned have even smaller values 1. This is not a coincidence, because up to now the longest possible soldering path along the flat sides of the flat tube profile has been attempted. The invention is consciously based on this previous design principle of all known flat tube heat exchangers in favor of the new effects mentioned. In addition, the soldering distance of the fins along the flat tube profile is also increased, since for the first time soldering also takes place in partial areas of the rounded narrow sides of the flat tube.

Mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 2 wird der erfindungsgemäße Effekt einer langgestreckten Ausbildung der gerundeten Schmalseiten der Flachrohre noch wesentlich stärker ausgeprägt.With the features of claim 2, the inventive effect of an elongated design of the rounded narrow sides of the flat tubes is much more pronounced.

Es ist möglich, die langgestreckt gerundeten Schmalseiten der Flachrohre mit sich kontinuierlich ändernder Krümmung zu gestalten, beispielsweise längs einer Ellipse. Konstruktiv einfacher und zugleich für die praktischen Bedürfnisse völlig ausreichend ist jedoch eine Zusammensetzung der Krümmung aus Kreisbögen unterschiedlicher Radien. Dabei reicht es im Grenzfall völlig aus, einen ersten Kreisbogen zur Bildung des Scheitels der gerundeten Schmalseite zu verwenden und den Anschluß dieses Kreisbogens durch einen einzigen weiteren Kreis bogen zu beiden Seiten des Scheitels bis in die Flachseiten vorzunehmen. Bei mehr als zwei Kreisbögen mit unterschiedlichem Radius erfolgt dann entsprechend der Übergang vom Scheitel in die Flachseiten über eine Folge von Kreisbögen mit vom Scheitel zu den Flachseiten jeweils zunehmendem Radius.It is possible to design the elongated, narrow sides of the flat tubes with a continuously changing curvature, for example along an ellipse. However, a composition of the curvature from arcs of different radii is structurally simpler and at the same time completely sufficient for practical needs. In the borderline case, it is entirely sufficient to use a first circular arc to form the apex of the rounded narrow side and the connection of this circular arc by a single further circle bend on both sides of the apex to the flat sides. If there are more than two circular arcs with a different radius, the transition from the apex to the flat sides then takes place accordingly via a series of circular arcs with a radius that increases in each case from the apex to the flat sides.

Rein theoretisch wäre es denkbar, die Lamellen mit den gerundeten Schmalseiten der Flachrohre bis zum Scheitel der Flachrohre zu verlöten und insoweit die Umgreifung der Flachrohre hundertprozentig zu gestalten. Aus materialtechnischen Gründen, nämlich zum Vermeiden eines Reißens von Lamellen bei zu großer Verformung, wird jedoch vorzugsweise die Maßnahme nach Anspruch 4 vorgesehen, die Lamellen mindestens bis an die beiden Tangentialebenen an die Scheitelpunkte der Schmalseiten im nicht mit den Schmalseiten verlöteten Bereich frei weiterzuführen.In theory, it would be conceivable to solder the fins with the rounded narrow sides of the flat tubes up to the apex of the flat tubes and to make the encirclement of the flat tubes one hundred percent. For technical reasons, namely to avoid tearing of the slats in the event of excessive deformation, however, the measure according to claim 4 is preferably provided to continue the slats freely at least up to the two tangent planes to the vertices of the narrow sides in the area not soldered to the narrow sides.

Diesen Gedanken der freien Weiterführung kann man dabei nach Anspruch 5 noch steigern, indem die weitergeführten Lamellenbereiche die gerundeten Schmalseiten der Flachrohre mindestens teilweise nach außen hin abdecken und so einen zusätzlichen Beschädigungsschutz, z.B. gegen Steinschlag bei Kraftfahrzeugen, bilden. Würde man nämlich bei den bekannten Flachrohrwärmetauschern die nur an den Flachseiten angelöteten Lamellen über die gedachten Tangentialebenen an die Scheitelpunkte der gerundeten Schmalseiten der Flachrohre überstehen lassen, so erhielte man dabei rechteckig vorstehende Lamellenkonturen ohne Überdeckung der gerundeten Schmalseiten der Flachrohre; dabei wären derartig überstehende Lamellen mechanisch unstabil, da sie bis zu den verlöteten Bereichen mit den Flachseiten der Flachrohre über eine relativ große Strecke frei hervorstehen. Da bei der erfindungsgemäßen Anordnung eine Verlötung auch mit relativ großen Abschnitten der gerundeten Schmalseiten der Flachrohre erfolgt, ist die freie Überstandsstrecke demgegenüber weitaus geringer, was wiederum zu relativ größerer mechanischer Stabilität führt.This idea of free continuation can be further increased according to claim 5, in that the extended lamella areas at least partially cover the rounded narrow sides of the flat tubes to the outside and thus provide additional protection against damage, e.g. against stone chips in motor vehicles. If one were to let the known flat tube heat exchangers survive the fins only soldered to the flat sides via the imaginary tangential planes to the vertices of the rounded narrow sides of the flat tubes, then one would get rectangular protruding lamellar contours without covering the rounded narrow sides of the flat tubes; such protruding fins would be mechanically unstable, since they protrude freely over a relatively large distance up to the soldered areas with the flat sides of the flat tubes. Since, in the arrangement according to the invention, soldering also takes place with relatively large sections of the rounded narrow sides of the flat tubes, the free protrusion distance is, on the other hand, much less, which in turn leads to relatively greater mechanical stability.

Anspruch 6 gibt einen konstruktiv besonders einfachen Weg der Schaffung des Überstandes mit gutem Überdeckungsgrad mit einem konstruktiv schon vorhandenen Krümmungsradius an. Dem steht nicht entgegen, daß man die Lehre des Anspruchs 5 auch mit unterschiedlichen Krümmungsgraden, ja gegebenenfalls gar in linearer Fortsetzung hinter dem verlöteten Bereich, erfüllen kann, je nachdem wie die gewünschten Abdeckungsverhältnisse der gerundeten Schmalseiten der Flachrohre gewählt sind.Claim 6 gives a structurally particularly simple way of creating the supernatant with a good degree of coverage with an already existing radius of curvature. This does not conflict with the fact that the teaching of claim 5 can also be fulfilled with different degrees of curvature, possibly even in a linear continuation behind the soldered area, depending on how the desired coverage ratios of the rounded narrow sides of the flat tubes are selected.

Jedenfalls kann man im Rahmen des Anspruchs 5 frei zwischen einer vollständigen oder nahezu vollständigen Überdeckung der gerundeten Schmalseiten der Flachrohre und verbleibenden zentralen Restspalten wählen.In any case, you can choose freely within the scope of claim 5 between a complete or almost complete coverage of the rounded narrow sides of the flat tubes and remaining central gaps.

Bei Flachrohrwärmetauschern der Bauart, auf die sich die Erfindung bezieht, besteht allgemein das Problem, daß in Strömungsrichtung des äußeren Wärmetauschmediums die Bautiefe des Sammlers größer ist als die Länge L des Profils des Flachrohres. Wenn beispielsweise gemäß der EP-B1 0 255 313 der Sammler ein Rundrohr ist, bei dem die Flachrohre in Schlitze dicht verlötet eingeschoben sind, trägt die durch den Sammler bedingte zusätzliche Bautiefe in Strömungsrichtung des äußeren Wärmetauschmediums mindestens das Doppelte der Wandstärke des Rundrohres, in Praxis noch zuzüglich eines etwa eine weitere Wandstärke ausmachenden Einbauspiels. Bei einer Bautiefe von 16 mm im Bereich der Lamellenverrippung der Flachrohre kommt man dabei auf eine minimale Bautiefe im Bereich der Sammler von 19 mm. Die Bautiefe im Bereich der Sammler ist dabei das bestimmende Maß beim Einbau etwa in einen Kraftwagen. Allgemein besteht dabei die Tendenz, dieses Einbaumaß so gering wie möglich zu halten, da davon die Gesamtlänge des Kraftwagens bzw. dessen Motorraums einschließlich des mit dieser Längenproblematik verbundenen Materialverbrauchs beim Kraftfahrzeugbau selbst abhängt. Eine Einsparung von 3 mm Bautiefe im Sammlerbereich führt je nach Fahrzeugtyp zu einer Einsparung von 10 bis 20 kg Fahrzeuggewicht, insbesondere Blech.In flat tube heat exchangers of the type to which the invention relates, there is generally the problem that in the direction of flow of the external heat exchange medium the overall depth of the collector is greater than the length L of the profile of the flat tube. If, for example, according to EP-B1 0 255 313, the collector is a round tube in which the flat tubes are tightly soldered into slots, the additional depth caused by the collector in the direction of flow of the external heat exchange medium bears at least twice the wall thickness of the round tube, in practice plus an installation game that makes up another wall thickness. With a construction depth of 16 mm in the area of the finned ribs of the flat tubes, this results in a minimum construction depth of 19 mm in the area of the collectors. The overall depth in the area of the collector is the determining dimension when installing it in a motor vehicle, for example. In general, there is a tendency to keep this installation dimension as small as possible, since it depends on the total length of the motor vehicle or its engine compartment, including the material consumption associated with this length problem in motor vehicle construction. A saving of 3 mm in the collector area leads to a saving of 10 to 20 kg vehicle weight, especially sheet metal, depending on the vehicle type.

Auch wenn man nicht wie im Falle der zuletzt erwähnten EP-B1 0 255 313 integrale Rundrohre benutzt, sondern den Sammler aus zwei (oder mehr) Teilen zusammensetzt, ergibt sich eine vergleichbare Problematik. So ergibt der in dieser Hinsicht auch schon optimierte Sammler gemäß dem eigenen deutschen Gebrauchsmuster G 90 15 090.2 im Sammlerbereich unter Einschluß des Montagespiels auch einen Bautiefenüberstand von drei bis vier Wandstärken des Sammlers.Even if one does not use integral round tubes as in the case of the last-mentioned EP-B1 0 255 313, but instead assembles the collector from two (or more) parts, a comparable problem arises. So that is in this regard already optimized collectors according to their own German utility model G 90 15 090.2 in the collector area, including the assembly game, also a depth of construction of three to four wall thicknesses of the collector.

Diese beiden bekannten Sammlerbauarten verkörpern dabei das Optimum dessen, was man an Bautiefeneinsparung im Sammlerbereich bisher bei Flachrohrwärmetauschern mit den Merkmalen des Oberbegriffs von Anspruch 1 für erreichbar gehalten hat.These two known types of collector embody the optimum of what has been previously thought of as achievable in terms of structural depth in the collector area in flat tube heat exchangers with the features of the preamble of claim 1.

Die erfindungsgemäße langgestreckte Gestaltung der gerundeten Schmalseiten der Flachrohre ermöglicht es nun, im Sinne von Anspruch 7 die in die Schlitze eines Sammlers beliebiger Bauart eingesteckten Enden der Flachrohre durch Verformung in Längsrichtung L des Flachrohrprofils so weit zu verjüngen, daß dabei der sonst auftretende Bautiefenüberstand des Sammlers mindestens teilweise oder ganz kompensiert werden kann, im Grenzfall sogar eine geringere Bautiefe des Sammlers als die Länge L des Flachrohrprofils denkbar ist. Dem entsprechen die Angaben von Anspruch 10, während die Ansprüche 8 und 9 zwei alternative bevorzugte Verformungsergebnisse beschreiben.The elongated design of the rounded narrow sides of the flat tubes according to the invention now makes it possible, in the sense of claim 7, to taper the ends of the flat tubes inserted into the slots of a collector of any design by deformation in the longitudinal direction L of the flat tube profile, so that the construction depth projection of the collector which otherwise occurs can be at least partially or fully compensated, in the limit case even a shallower depth of the collector than the length L of the flat tube profile is conceivable. This corresponds to the details of claim 10, while claims 8 and 9 describe two alternative preferred deformation results.

Als Materialien für die Flachrohre, die Lamellen und die Sammler kommen alle in diesem Zusammenhang bekannten Metalle oder Metallersatzstoffe in Frage. So könnte man gegebenenfalls den Sammler beispielsweise auch aus einem Kunststoff herstellen, wenn die Verlötungsmöglichkeit, oder ein Äquivalent, sichergestellt ist, im Falle des Kunststoffs z.B. eine Kunststoffverschweißung. In erster Linie kommen, wie auch schon beim Stand der Technik, die Materialien gemäß Anspruch 11 in Frage.All metals or metal substitutes known in this connection can be used as materials for the flat tubes, the fins and the collectors. For example, the collector could also be made of a plastic, for example, if the possibility of soldering, or an equivalent, is ensured, e.g. in the case of the plastic. a plastic weld. In the first place, as in the prior art, the materials according to claim 11 come into question.

Praktisch besonders interessant ist der Fall, daß die Flachrohre Strangpreßprofile sind. Dabei kann man beispielsweise auch innere Versteifungen, wie die bekannten Zwischenstege, bei der Strangpreßfertigung mit gewinnen und so in einem Arbeitsgang das ganze Flachrohr als Massenartikel herstellen. Daneben ist es noch bekannt, Flachrohre mehrteilig mit Einfügung gesonderter Versteifungen zu fertigen.The case that the flat tubes are extruded profiles is of particular practical interest. Here, for example, you can also gain internal stiffeners, such as the known intermediate webs, in the extrusion production and thus produce the entire flat tube as a mass article in one operation. In addition, it is also known to manufacture flat tubes in several parts with the insertion of separate stiffeners.

Insbesondere für den Fall der Herstellung der Flachrohre rohre als Strangpreßprofile, aber auch allgemein, sind die Maßangaben der Ansprüche 14 bis 17 bevorzugt und entsprechen in ihren Größenordnungen auch im Vergleich mit Wettbewerbs-Wärmetauschern nach derzeitigem Stand der Technik optimalen Bedingungen. Entsprechendes gilt bezüglich der Lamellendicke für Anspruch 18.Especially in the case of the manufacture of flat tubes Pipes as extruded profiles, but also in general, the dimensions of claims 14 to 17 are preferred and their dimensions correspond to optimal conditions in comparison with competitive heat exchangers according to the current state of the art. The same applies to the slat thickness for claim 18.

Anspruch 19 ergibt eine zusätzliche mechanische Verfestigung in Ergänzung zu deren besserer Verlötung an den Flachrohren.Claim 19 results in an additional mechanical solidification in addition to their better soldering to the flat tubes.

Es ist bisher schon bekannt, Flachrohre, die keine Zwischenversteifung besitzen, nach Einstecken in Schlitze eines Sammlers mechanisch aufzuweiten. Dies ist bei solchen Flachrohren bekannt, die in druckarmen Wasserkühlern oder Heizungswärmetauschern bei Kraftfahrzeugen eingesetzt werden. Damit kann man die Dichtheit der Flachrohre gegen den Sammler und die Sicherheit der Verlötung verbessern.It has previously been known to mechanically widen flat tubes that have no intermediate stiffening after insertion into slots in a collector. This is known in the case of flat tubes which are used in low-pressure water coolers or heating heat exchangers in motor vehicles. This can improve the tightness of the flat tubes against the collector and the safety of the soldering.

Die Merkmale des Verfahrensanspruchs 22 übertragen diese Möglichkeit nunmehr auch auf solche erfindungsgemäße Flachrohre, welche zwischen ihren Flachseiten Zwischenversteifungen, insbesondere Querstege, aufweisen. Die entsprechende Verformung der Enden der in die Schlitze eingesteckten Flachrohre läßt sich nämlich besonders gut bei Wärmetauschern mit den Merkmalen der Ansprüche 20 und 21 gemäß der Erfindung vornehmen. Insbesondere ist dabei das Verfahren nach Anspruch 23 vorgesehen, welches zu einem Wärmetauscher mit den Merkmalen von Anspruch 9 führt.The features of method claim 22 now also transfer this possibility to those flat tubes according to the invention which have intermediate stiffeners, in particular transverse webs, between their flat sides. The corresponding deformation of the ends of the flat tubes inserted into the slots can be carried out particularly well in heat exchangers with the features of claims 20 and 21 according to the invention. In particular, the method according to claim 23 is provided, which leads to a heat exchanger with the features of claim 9.

Die erfindungsgemäßen bzw. erfindungsgemäß hergestellten Wärmetauscher finden ihre Hauptanwendungsgebiete als Massenartikel in den Anwendungsfällen der Ansprüche 24 und 25. Daneben kommen aber auch andere bekannte Anwendungen, wie beispielsweise als Kühler oder als Verdampfer, in Frage. Wegen der in Frage kommenden Stückzahlen sind auch dabei Anwendungsfälle im Kraftfahrzeugbau bevorzugt, ohne daß Anwendungsbereiche in anderen Anwendungsfeldern, gegebenenfalls auch stationären Anordnungen, ausgeschlossen sein sollen.The heat exchangers according to the invention or manufactured according to the invention find their main fields of application as mass articles in the applications of claims 24 and 25. In addition, other known applications, such as, for example, as a cooler or as an evaporator, also come into question. Because of the number of pieces in question, applications in motor vehicle construction are also preferred, without any areas of application in other fields of application, possibly also stationary arrangements, being excluded.

Die Erfindung bezieht sich gemäß Anspruch 26 auch auf Flachrohre zum Einbau in einen erfindungsgemäßen Flachrohrwärmetauscher.According to claim 26, the invention also relates to Flat tubes for installation in a flat tube heat exchanger according to the invention.

Die langgestreckte Ausbildung der gerundeten Schmalseiten der Flachrohre des erfindungsgemäßen Flachrohrwärmetauschers ergibt dann, wenn man gleichartige Flachrohre eng nebeneinander anordnet, relativ stetige Übergangskonturen.The elongated design of the rounded narrow sides of the flat tubes of the flat tube heat exchanger according to the invention, when one arranges similar flat tubes closely next to one another, results in relatively continuous transition contours.

Der Weiterbildungsidee der Ansprüche 26 bis 29 liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, Flachrohre für den erfindungsgemäßen Flachrohrwärmetauscher in für Massenfertigung geeigneter Weise schnell und einfach herstellen und bereitstellen zu können.The further development idea of claims 26 to 29 is based on the object of being able to produce and provide flat tubes for the flat tube heat exchanger according to the invention quickly and easily in a manner suitable for mass production.

Diese Aufgabe wird bei Flachrohren mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 26 gelöst.This object is achieved in flat tubes with the features of claim 26.

Bei einer solchen erfindungsgemäßen verketteten Anordnung der Flachrohre läßt sich eine Vielzahl derselben gleichzeitig und vorzugsweise zunächst mit unbestimmter Länge herstellen. Dabei kommt neben Spritz- und Gießverfahren insbesondere die einheitliche Herstellung im Strangpreßverfahren in Frage, nachdem sich ein Erzeugnis gemäß Anspruch 27 ergibt.With such a linked arrangement of the flat tubes according to the invention, a large number of the same can be produced simultaneously and preferably initially with an indefinite length. In addition to injection and casting processes, uniform production in the extrusion process is particularly suitable after a product according to claim 27 is obtained.

Zur Verkettung der einzelnen Flachrohrelemente zunächst unbestimmter Länge - gegebenenfalls aber auch schon auf eine bestimmte Länge eingestellt, wie etwa bei Herstellung durch Gießen oder Spritzen - reicht es aus, wenn die Materialbrücken die in Anspruch 28 angegebenen geringen Maße hinsichtlich Materialstärke und/oder Länge der jeweiligen Materialbrücken haben. Daraus ergibt sich z.B. die Möglichkeit, die verkettete Anordnung der Flachrohre gemäß Anspruch 29 zwischenzuspeichern und gegebenenfalls zu transportieren, da große Biegeflexibilität an den gelenkartigen Verbindungen an den Materialbrücken zwischen den einzelnen Flachrohren gegeben ist. Auch lassen sich verkettete Flachrohre wesentlich besser und platzsparender aufrollen als einzelne Flachrohre.For the chaining of the individual flat tube elements initially of an indefinite length - but possibly also already set to a certain length, such as in the case of production by casting or spraying - it is sufficient if the material bridges have the small dimensions specified in claim 28 with regard to material thickness and / or length of the respective Have material bridges. This results in e.g. the possibility of temporarily storing and possibly transporting the linked arrangement of the flat tubes according to claim 29, since there is great bending flexibility at the articulated connections at the material bridges between the individual flat tubes. Chained flat tubes can also be rolled up much better and more space-saving than individual flat tubes.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand schematischer Zeichnungen an mehreren Ausführungsbeispielen noch näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine Draufsicht auf einen Flachrohrwärmetauscher gemäß der Erfindung in Strömungsrichtung des äußeren Wärmetauschmediums, insbesondere von Luft;
  • Fig. 2 eine Seitenansicht des Flachrohrwärmetauschers gemäß Fig. 1 in Erstreckungsrichtung der Sammler;
  • Fig. 3 eine Darstellung des Profils eines Flachrohres, wie es in der Ausführungsform nach den Fig. 1 und 2 Verwendung findet;
  • Fig. 4 in vergrößerter Darstellung eine Teilansicht von Fig. 3 mit angelöteter Lamelle;
  • Fig. 5 einen vergrößerten Teilschnitt nach der Linie V-V in Fig. 1;
  • Fig. 6 einen vergrößerten Teilschnitt nach der Linie VI-VI in Fig. 1 durch einen Sammler und ein Endstück eines in den Sammler eingesteckten Flachrohres;
  • Fig. 7a in vergrößerter Darstellung einen Profilabschnitt eines Flachrohres unter Einschluß einer gerundeten Schmalseite sowie die
  • Fig. 7b und 7c zwei alternative Stauchungszustände des Flachrohrabschnittes nach Fig. 7a; sowie
  • Fig. 8 einen Querschnitt durch ein vereinzeltes Glied einer verketteten Anordnung von Flachrohren.
The invention is explained in more detail below with the aid of schematic drawings using several exemplary embodiments. Show it:
  • Fig. 1 is a plan view of a flat tube heat exchanger according to the invention in the flow direction of the external heat exchange medium, in particular air;
  • FIG. 2 shows a side view of the flat tube heat exchanger according to FIG. 1 in the direction of extension of the collector;
  • 3 shows a representation of the profile of a flat tube as used in the embodiment according to FIGS. 1 and 2;
  • Fig. 4 is an enlarged view of a partial view of Figure 3 with soldered lamella.
  • Fig. 5 is an enlarged partial section along the line VV in Fig. 1;
  • 6 shows an enlarged partial section along the line VI-VI in FIG. 1 through a collector and an end piece of a flat tube inserted into the collector;
  • Fig. 7a in an enlarged view a profile section of a flat tube including a rounded narrow side and the
  • 7b and 7c show two alternative upsetting states of the flat tube section according to FIG. 7a; such as
  • Fig. 8 shows a cross section through an isolated link of a linked arrangement of flat tubes.

Der Flachrohrwärmetauscher 2 gemäß Fig. 1 weist zwei parallele Sammler 4 auf, welche ohne Beschränkung der Allgemeinheit die Bauart des deutschen Gebrauchsmusters G 90 15 090.2 haben. Die Sammler haben zueinander parallele Rohrböden 6, die in äquidistanten Abständen und bei den beiden Sammlern einander gegenüberliegend mit Schlitzen 8 versehen sind. In diese Schlitze 8 greifen Enden 10 jeweils eines Flachrohres 12 ein. Die Flachrohre 12 sind dabei mit den Sammlern 4 gasdicht und damit auch flüssigkeitsdicht verlötet. Die Anordnung ist dabei so getroffen, daß die zueinander parallelen Flachseiten 14 der Flachrohre 12 in Längsrichtung L des Flachrohrprofils in Strömungsrichtung (Pfeil A) des äußeren Wärmetauschmediums verlaufen. Die Flachrohre 12 sind mit einer Wärmetauschverrippung in Gestalt von Zickzacklamellen 16, oder der sandwichartigen Einbauart Flachrohr - Lamelle - Flachrohr - Lamelle - etc. nach mit solchen Zickzacklamellen äquivalenten anderen Lamellen, versehen, die an ihren den Flachseiten 14 der Flachrohre 12 benachbarten Rändern 18 mit den Flachseiten 14 der Flachrohre 12 verlötet sind.The flat tube heat exchanger 2 according to FIG. 1 has two parallel collectors 4 which, without restriction of generality, have the design of the German utility model G 90 15 090.2. The collectors have tube plates 6 which are parallel to one another and which are provided with slots 8 at equidistant intervals and in the two collectors opposite one another. Ends 10 of a flat tube 12 each engage in these slots 8. The flat tubes 12 are gas-tight with the collectors 4 and thus also soldered liquid-tight. The arrangement is such that the mutually parallel flat sides 14 of the flat tubes 12 run in the longitudinal direction L of the flat tube profile in the flow direction (arrow A) of the external heat exchange medium. The flat tubes 12 have a heat exchange ribbing in the form of zigzag fins 16, or the sandwich-like type of installation flat tube - fin - flat tube - fin - etc. with such zigzag fins equivalent to other fins, which are soldered to the flat sides 14 of the flat tubes 12 adjacent edges 18 to the flat sides 14 of the flat tubes 12.

Der Umfang des jeweiligen Sammlers 4 ist aus zwei Bauteilen 20 und 22 zusammengesetzt, von denen das Bauteil 20 den Rohrboden bildet. Der Rohrboden 20 weist die Schlitze 8 für die Aufnahme der in sie eingesteckten Flachrohrenden 10 auf, von denen im Querschnitt nach Fig. 6 nur eines zu sehen ist. Das zweite Bauteil 22 ergänzt zusammen mit dem ersten Bauteil 20 den Umfang des Sammlers 4. Stirnseitig sind meist gesonderte Kappen am Sammler 4 aufgesteckt; man könnte jedoch auch diese Kappen integral an eines der Bauteile 20 oder 22 anformen. Gesonderte Kappen sind jedoch sinnvoll vorzusehen, wenn in bevorzugter Weise das zweite Bauteil 22 ein Strangpreßprofil ist.The scope of the respective collector 4 is composed of two components 20 and 22, of which the component 20 forms the tube sheet. The tube sheet 20 has the slots 8 for receiving the flat tube ends 10 inserted therein, of which only one can be seen in the cross section according to FIG. 6. The second component 22 together with the first component 20 complements the scope of the collector 4. Separate caps are usually attached to the collector 4 at the end; however, these caps could also be integrally formed on one of the components 20 or 22. Separate caps are, however, sensible to provide if the second component 22 is preferably an extruded profile.

Das erste Bauteil 20 ist zweckmäßig beidseitig hartlotbeschichtet. Das zweite Bauteil 22 ist zweckmäßig lotfrei ausgebildet.The first component 20 is expediently hard-solder coated on both sides. The second component 22 is expediently free of solder.

Beide Bauteile 20 und 22 überlappen sich in zwei sich längs des Sammlers 4 erstreckenden Verbindungszonen 24 in drei Lagen, wobei in der Überlappungszone insbesondere eine Hartlotverbindung unter Verwendung der Hartlotbeschichtung des ersten Bauteils 20 vorhanden ist.Both components 20 and 22 overlap in two connection zones 24 extending along the collector 4 in three layers, a hard solder connection using the hard solder coating of the first component 20 in particular being present in the overlap zone.

Man erkennt aus Fig. 6, daß das Flachrohrende 10 so tief in den Sammler durch den jeweiligen Einsteckschlitz 8 eingesteckt ist, daß noch etwa parallele Wandstege 26 über die innenliegende Stirnseite 28 der Flachrohre 12 hinausragen. Das hat zur Folge, daß auch die beiden Verbindungszonen 24 über den Stirnseiten 28 gelegen sind. Die Wandstege 26 werden jeweils von einer gabelförmigen Ausbildung 30 an den beiden Rändern des zweiten Bauteils 22 umfaßt und bilden im dreilagigen Verbindungsbereich die jeweilige Verbindungszone 24.It can be seen from FIG. 6 that the flat tube end 10 is inserted so deep into the collector through the respective insertion slot 8 that approximately parallel wall webs 26 still protrude beyond the inner end face 28 of the flat tubes 12. The result of this is that the two connecting zones 24 are also located above the end faces 28. The wall webs 26 are each surrounded by a fork-shaped design 30 on the two edges of the second component 22 and form the respective connection zone 24 in the three-layer connection area.

Der jeweils innenliegende Arm 32 der gabelförmigen Ausbildung 30 ist bei dieser Anordnung bereits weiter innen als die Schmalseiten der Mündung 28 der Flachrohre 12 angeordnet, so daß die Wandstärke des innenliegenden Arms 32 der gabelförmigen Ausbildung 30 zu der Bautiefe nichts mehr beiträgt, andererseits entsprechend den Festigkeitsverhältnissen ungeschwächt ausgebildet werden kann. Der jeweils außenliegende Arm 34 der gabelförmigen Ausbildung 30 kann dann, wie bereits erwähnt, mit geringerer Wandstärke ausgebildet sein, wie dies auch in Fig. 6 dargestellt ist. Mit dem Grund der gabelförmigen Ausbildung 30 ist dabei der jeweils außenliegende Arm 34 über eine Sollbiegelinie in Form einer Längsnut 36 an der Innenseite des außenliegenden Arms 34 am Grund der gabelförmigen Ausbildung 30 zusammenhängend, so daß der außenliegende Arm 34 leicht auswärts gespreizt werden kann. Dies fördert eine an sich angestrebte Klemmverbindung zwischen den beiden Armen 32 und 34 der gabelförmigen Ausbildung 30 einerseits und den Wandstegen 26 andererseits.In this arrangement, the respective inner arm 32 of the fork-shaped design 30 is already arranged further inwards than the narrow sides of the mouth 28 of the flat tubes 12, so that the wall thickness of the inner arm 32 of the fork-shaped Training 30 contributes nothing to the depth, on the other hand, can be trained unimpaired according to the strength conditions. The respective outer arm 34 of the fork-shaped configuration 30 can then, as already mentioned, be formed with a smaller wall thickness, as is also shown in FIG. 6. With the base of the fork-shaped design 30, the respective outer arm 34 is connected via a predetermined bending line in the form of a longitudinal groove 36 on the inside of the outer arm 34 at the base of the fork-shaped design 30, so that the outer arm 34 can be easily spread outwards. This promotes a desired clamping connection between the two arms 32 and 34 of the fork-shaped design 30 on the one hand and the wall webs 26 on the other hand.

Das erste Bauteil 20 wird vorteilhaft mit seinen Schlitzen 8 als Flachteil gefertigt und von vornherein mit der beidseitigen Lotbeschichtung 38 versehen und dann erst aufgewölbt. Anschließend werden zweckmäßig die Flachrohre 12 in die Aufnahmeschlitze 8 eingesteckt und in diesen mechanisch aufgeweitet. Dann wird, wie dies weiter unten noch mehr im einzelnen erläutert ist, das zweite Bauteil 22 mit seinen gabelförmigen Ausbildungen 30 auf die Wandstege 26 des ersten Bauteils 20 aufgeschoben. Schließlich werden die erforderlichen Hartlotverbindungen einerseits in den Verbindungszonen 24 und andererseits zwischen den Flachrohren 12 und den Aufnahmeschlitzen 8 in einem Lötofen gebildet.The first component 20 is advantageously manufactured with its slots 8 as a flat part and provided with the solder coating 38 on both sides from the outset and only then bulged. The flat tubes 12 are then expediently inserted into the receiving slots 8 and mechanically expanded therein. Then, as will be explained in more detail below, the second component 22 with its fork-shaped configurations 30 is pushed onto the wall webs 26 of the first component 20. Finally, the required braze joints are formed on the one hand in the connection zones 24 and on the other hand between the flat tubes 12 and the receiving slots 8 in a soldering furnace.

Der eine Sammler 4 ist mit mindestens einer Trennwand 52 sowie an einer Seite der Trennwand mit einem Einlaß 54 und an der anderen Seite der Trennwand mit einem Auslaß 56 für ein inneres Wärmetauschmedium versehen. Wenn dann der andere Sammler ohne eine derartige Trennwand ausgebildet ist, fließt das innere Wärmetauschmedium vom Einlaß 54 durch den angeschlossenen Teil des Sammlers und die daran angeschlossenen Flachrohre 12 bis zum gegenüberliegenden Sammler und dann durch die anderen Flachrohre 12 zurück in die andere Abteilung des erstgenannten Sammlers und aus diesem aus dem Auslaß 56 heraus. In bekannter Modifikation kann man auch den erstgenannten Sammler mit mehr als einer Trennwand und den anderen Sammler dann ebenfalls mit mindestens einer Trennwand, im allgemeinen dann einer um eins verminderten Anzahl von Trennwänden, so versehen, daß das innere Wärmetauschmedium mehrfach durch kleinere Gruppen von Flachrohren hin und her zwischen den Sammlern gelenkt wird. Schließlich kann man auch bei Verwendung einer hinreichenden Anzahl von Trennwänden in einem Sammler, der mit Einlaß 54 und Auslaß 56 versehen ist, auf den zweiten Sammler ganz verzichten und diesen gegebenenfalls durch Haarnadelumleitungen ersetzen.One collector 4 is provided with at least one partition 52 and on one side of the partition with an inlet 54 and on the other side of the partition with an outlet 56 for an internal heat exchange medium. If the other collector is then designed without such a partition, the internal heat exchange medium flows from inlet 54 through the connected part of the collector and the connected flat tubes 12 to the opposite collector and then through the other flat tubes 12 back into the other section of the former collector and out of the outlet 56. In Known modification, you can also provide the first-mentioned collector with more than one partition and the other collector with at least one partition, in general then a number of partitions reduced by one, so that the inner heat exchange medium several times through smaller groups of flat tubes between the collectors. Finally, even if a sufficient number of partitions are used in one collector, which is provided with inlet 54 and outlet 56, the second collector can be dispensed with entirely and, if necessary, replaced by hairpin bypasses.

Das Profil der Flachrohre 12 ist aus Fig. 3 in Verbindung mit den Fig. 4 und 5 ersichtlich.The profile of the flat tubes 12 can be seen from FIG. 3 in connection with FIGS. 4 and 5.

In der Schnittebene der Fig. 3 hat das Profil eine Profillänge L. Das Profil ist dabei spiegelbildlich zur gedachten Längsmittelebene B-B ausgebildet, zu deren beiden Seiten sich parallele Profilwände 40 erstrecken, die außen die beiden zueinander parallelen Flachseiten 14 bilden. Die parallelen Wände 40 sind dabei durch senkrecht zu ihnen stehende Zwischenstege 42 gegeneinander versteift, wobei hier ohne Beschränkung der Allgemeinheit im ganzen vier äquidistante Zwischenstege vorgesehen sind. Die parallelen Wände 40 setzen sich in gerundeten Wänden 44 fort, die in einem Scheitel 46 des Profils enden und gemeinsam gerundete Schmalseiten 50 des Profils ergeben. Die Längserstreckung einer dieser gerundeten Schmalseiten in Richtung des Maßes L hat hier jeweils das Maß 1. Bei dem Ausführungsbeispiel der Fig. 3 schließen die gerundeten Schmalseiten 50 an den am weitesten außenliegenden Zwischensteg 42 an. Dies ergibt sich hier aus der Konstruktion des Bereichs des Scheitels 46 mit einem äußeren Kreisbogen mit dem Radius r1 und jeweils zu beiden Seiten des Scheitels anschließenden Kreisbögen mit einem äußeren Radius r2, der tangential in die Flachseiten 14 einmündet. Bei dieser Konstruktion ergibt sich ein Innenradius r3, welcher bei stranggepreßten Flachrohren aus praktischen Herstellungsgründen nicht kleiner als 0,2 mm gewählt ist. Über die Wandstärke ergibt sich dabei der Radius r1 mit r3 zuzüglich der Wandstärke, hier r1 = 0,6 mm (Wandstärke des Flachrohres 0,4 mm), während r2 = 7 mm gewählt ist.3, the profile has a profile length L. The profile is a mirror image of the imaginary longitudinal center plane BB, on the two sides of which parallel profile walls 40 extend, which form the two mutually parallel flat sides 14 on the outside. The parallel walls 40 are stiffened with respect to one another by intermediate webs 42 which are perpendicular to them, four equidistant intermediate webs being provided here without restricting the generality. The parallel walls 40 continue in rounded walls 44, which end in an apex 46 of the profile and together result in rounded narrow sides 50 of the profile. The longitudinal extent of one of these rounded narrow sides in the direction of dimension L here has dimension 1 in each case. In the exemplary embodiment in FIG. 3, the rounded narrow sides 50 adjoin the outermost intermediate web 42. This results here from the construction of the region of the apex 46 with an outer circular arc with the radius r1 and circular arcs adjoining on both sides of the apex with an outer radius r2 which opens tangentially into the flat sides 14. This construction results in an inner radius r3, which for extruded flat tubes is chosen to be not less than 0.2 mm for practical manufacturing reasons. The radius r1 with r3 plus the wall thickness, here r1 = 0.6 mm (wall thickness of the flat tube 0.4 mm), while r2 = 7 mm is selected.

Die Darstellung von Fig. 3 ist dabei etwa im Verhältnis 1 : 8 maßstabgetreu.The representation of FIG. 3 is approximately true to scale in a ratio of 1: 8.

Wie besonders deutlich aus Fig. 3 wird, sind die Lamellen 16 nicht nur mit den Flachseiten 14 der Flachrohre 12, sondern auch noch mit den Bereichen 58 der gerundeten Schmalseiten verlötet, und zwar bei der in Fig. 3 gewählten Konstruktion aus zwei Kreisbögen r1 und r2 längs der gesamten Länge der beiden Kreisbögen mit Radius r2.As is particularly clear from Fig. 3, the fins 16 are not only soldered to the flat sides 14 of the flat tubes 12, but also to the areas 58 of the rounded narrow sides, specifically in the construction of two circular arcs r1 and r2 along the entire length of the two arcs with radius r2.

Aus den Fig. 4 und 5 ist in Strichelung eine gedachte Tangentialebene C an die nebeneinander liegenden Scheitel 46 benachbarter Flachrohre 12 zu entnehmen. Aus Fig. 3 ersieht man ferner, daß sich die Lamellen 16 zu beiden Seiten der gerundeten Schmalseite 50 in Nachbarschaft des Kreisbogens mit dem Radius r1 mit dem Radius r2 frei weiter erstreckt, und zwar nicht nur bis zur Tangentialebene C, sondern noch über diese hinaus. Dabei bilden die an der Stirnseite des Wärmetauschers geradlinig miteinander fluchtenden Kanten 60 der Lamellen 16 zwischen sich nur noch einen kleinen Spalt 62 gegenüber dem Scheitel 46 des Flachrohres.4 and 5, an imaginary tangential plane C to the adjacent apex 46 of adjacent flat tubes 12 can be seen in dashed lines. From Fig. 3 it can also be seen that the slats 16 on both sides of the rounded narrow side 50 in the vicinity of the circular arc with the radius r1 with the radius r2 extends freely, not only up to the tangential plane C, but also beyond this . At the end of the heat exchanger, the edges 60 of the fins 16, which are aligned in a straight line, only form a small gap 62 with respect to the apex 46 of the flat tube.

Im Anschluß an die Kanten 60 ist die Lamelle 16 mit einer Wellung 64 versehen, die gegenüber der sonst im wesentlichen ebenen Lamellenebene beidseitig vorspringt und den frei von den Flachrohren hervorspringenden Lamellenbereich steift. Dieser Bereich ist sowieso relativ klein, da ja gemäß Fig. 3 die Lamelle bis nahe an ihren Scheitel 46, d.h. im Bereich des ganzen Kreisbogens mit dem Radius r2, verlötet ist.Following the edges 60, the lamella 16 is provided with a corrugation 64 which projects on both sides with respect to the otherwise essentially flat lamella plane and stiffens the lamella region which projects freely from the flat tubes. This area is relatively small anyway, since, according to FIG. 3, the lamella is close to its apex 46, i.e. in the area of the entire circular arc with the radius r2, is soldered.

Gemäß Fig. 6 ist ferner die Länge S des jeweiligen Schlitzes 8 im Sammler 4 kleiner als die Länge L des Profils gemäß Fig. 3 des Flachrohres im Bereich der Verrippung mit den Lamellen 16. Die Enden 10 der Flachrohre können trotzdem in die Schlitze 8 eingesteckt werden, weil sie gegenüber dem sonstigen Profil gemäß Fig. 3 der Flachrohre 12 eingezogen sind. Die Enden 10 der Flachrohre 12 gehen dabei über eine außerhalb des Sammlers gelegene Übergangszone 66 in das normale Profil der Flachrohre gemäß Fig. 3 über.According to FIG. 6, the length S of the respective slot 8 in the collector 4 is also smaller than the length L of the profile according to FIG. 3 of the flat tube in the area of the ribbing with the fins 16. The ends 10 of the flat tubes can nevertheless be inserted into the slots 8 because they are drawn in relative to the other profile according to FIG. 3 of the flat tubes 12. The ends 10 of the flat tubes 12 merge into the normal profile of the flat tubes according to FIG. 3 via a transition zone 66 located outside the collector.

Die Möglichkeit der Einziehung der Enden 10 der Flachrohre beruht auf der gewählten Gestalt der gerundeten Schmalseiten 50 der Flachrohrprofile. Wenn diese in Längsrichtung ihres Profilquerschnittes gemäß Fig. 7b oder Fig. 7c gestaucht werden - was in praktisch verwertbarer Weise nur aufgrund der relativ langgestreckten Gestalt der gerundeten Schmalseiten 50 der Profile möglich ist -, erhalten die Rohrenden 10 eine verkleinerte wirksame Länge, die ein Einstecken in die Schlitze 8 ermöglicht.The possibility of retracting the ends 10 of the flat tubes is based on the selected shape of the rounded narrow sides 50 of the flat tube profiles. If these are compressed in the longitudinal direction of their profile cross-section according to FIG. 7b or FIG. 7c - which is only practically usable due to the relatively elongated shape of the rounded narrow sides 50 of the profiles - the tube ends 10 are given a reduced effective length, which is an insertion in the slots 8 allows.

Die Fig. 7b und 7c veranschaulichen dabei zwei bevorzugte Möglichkeiten dieser Längsstauchung der Profile. Nach Fig. 7b erfolgt die Verformung unter Rohrstauchung an den gerundeten Schmalseiten 50 in Längsrichtung der Flachrohrprofile unter Beibehaltung der Länge der neutralen Faser 68 (strichpunktiert eingezeichnet). Nach Fig. 7c erfolgt demgegenüber die Verformung unter Rohrstauchung an den gerundeten Schmalseiten 50 in Längsrichtung der Flachrohrprofile bei gleichzeitiger Stauchung der Materialwandstärke, so daß die strichpunktiert eingezeichnete neutrale Faser sich verkürzt. Man erkennt dabei eine Materialansammlung insbesondere in den Eckbereichen der Stirnseiten des gestauchten Profils, wie dies etwa an einer Ecke mit dem Bezugszeichen 70 angedeutet ist. Diese Stauchungsart kann dabei so weit gehen, daß sich im Scheitelbereich des gestauchten gerundeten Abschnitts 50 eine zentrale Falte 72 bildet. Wenn man dann den nächstkommenden Zwischensteg 42 freischneidet, wie dies durch den gestrichelt eingezeichneten Einschnitt 74 in Fig. 7c dargestellt ist, kann man das in den Schlitz 8 eingreifende Ende 10 des Flachrohres durch einen Aufweitdorn gegen den in Fig. 7c gestrichelt eingezeichneten Rand des Schlitzes 8 aufweiten und dabei die zunächst gebildete Falte 72 wieder strecken und dabei in gerade Anlage an die Schmalseite des Randes des Schlitzes bringen. Die Länge der zunächst gebildeten Falte kann dabei nutzbar gemacht werden, um beim Aufweiten die sonst besonders kritischen Eckbereiche des Schlitzes zu füllen. Diese Art der Aufweittechnik setzt dabei eine zweiteilige Ausbildung des Sammlers aus den beiden Bauteilen 20 und 22 voraus, wobei dann das deckelartige Bauteil 22 nach dem Aufweiten auf das den Rohrboden bildende Bauteil 20 aufgesetzt wird.7b and 7c illustrate two preferred options for this longitudinal compression of the profiles. According to FIG. 7b, the deformation takes place with tube compression on the rounded narrow sides 50 in the longitudinal direction of the flat tube profiles while maintaining the length of the neutral fiber 68 (shown in broken lines). According to FIG. 7c, on the other hand, the deformation takes place with tube compression on the rounded narrow sides 50 in the longitudinal direction of the flat tube profiles with simultaneous compression of the material wall thickness, so that the neutral fiber shown in broken lines is shortened. A collection of material can be seen, in particular in the corner areas of the end faces of the compressed profile, as is indicated, for example, at a corner by reference number 70. This type of compression can go so far that a central fold 72 forms in the apex region of the compressed rounded section 50. If the next intermediate web 42 is then cut free, as shown by the dashed incision 74 in FIG. 7c, the end 10 of the flat tube engaging in the slot 8 can be expanded by a mandrel against the edge of the slot shown in dashed line in FIG. 7c 8 widen and thereby stretch the fold 72 which was initially formed again and bring it into straight contact with the narrow side of the edge of the slot. The length of the fold initially formed can be used to fill the otherwise particularly critical corner areas of the slot when expanding. This type of expansion technology involves a two-part training of the collector ahead of both components 20 and 22, the cover-like component 22 then being placed on the component 20 forming the tube sheet after the expansion.

Auch im Außenbereich ist die Schmalseite des Flachrohres bezüglich der Güte der Verlötung kritisch. Der Übergangsbereich 66 in das eingezogene Ende 10 bildet dabei mit dem Rohrboden 20 einen relativ spitzwinkligen Winkel, der zur Lotaufnahme besonders geeignet ist. Der Übergangsbereich 66 kann außerdem als toleranzausgleichender Anschlag zu einem formschlüssigen Einführen der Rohrenden 10 in die Schlitze 8 des Sammlers 4 dienen.The narrow side of the flat tube is also critical in terms of the quality of the soldering outdoors. The transition region 66 into the retracted end 10 forms a relatively acute angle with the tube sheet 20, which is particularly suitable for solder absorption. The transition region 66 can also serve as a tolerance-compensating stop for a form-fitting insertion of the pipe ends 10 into the slots 8 of the collector 4.

Gemäß Fig. 8 werden zunächst mehrere Flachrohre 12, z.B. beim Strangpressen, in einer Ebene nebeneinander angeordnet und miteinander an den Scheiteln 46 ihrer gerundeten Schmalseiten 50 jeweils durch eine Materialbrücke 80 miteinander verkettet, von der in Fig. 8 nur die nach Vereinzelung durch Durchtrennen der Materialbrücken verbliebenen Brückenreste dargestellt sind. Die jeweilige Materialbrücke 80 hat eine geringe Materialstärke und eine geringe Länge in der Erstreckungsebene der Flachrohre 12. Die Maße sind dabei abgesehen von der gewünschten Funktion der verketteten Anordnung der Flachrohre 12 so gewählt, daß die ganze verkettete Anordnung als integrales Strangpreßprofil unbestimmter Länge hergestellt werden kann. Dies betrifft insbesondere die Mindestmaße der Materialbrücken 80. Die Maximalstärke der Materialbrücke 80 ist dabei so gewählt, daß an der Trennlinie ein Abreißen, Abdrücken, Abscheren, Abschneiden oder dergleichen bekannter Trennvorgang stattfinden kann. Funktionell ist weiter bei der Bemessung folgendes zu berücksichtigen:8, a plurality of flat tubes 12, e.g. during extrusion, arranged next to one another in a plane and linked to one another at the apices 46 of their rounded narrow sides 50 by a material bridge 80, of which only the bridge residues remaining after separation by cutting through the material bridges are shown in FIG. 8. The respective material bridge 80 has a low material thickness and a short length in the plane of extension of the flat tubes 12. The dimensions are selected apart from the desired function of the interlinked arrangement of the flat tubes 12 so that the entire interlinked arrangement can be produced as an integral extruded profile of indefinite length . This applies in particular to the minimum dimensions of the material bridges 80. The maximum thickness of the material bridges 80 is chosen so that the separation line can be torn off, pressed, sheared, cut off or the like known separation process. Functionally, the following must also be taken into account when dimensioning:

Zum einen soll die verkettete Anordnung der Flachrohre 12 mit zunächst noch unbestimmter Länge als integrales Strangpreßteil auf einem Kern aufgewickelt werden können, um es zwischenlagern und gegebenenfalls transportieren zu können.On the one hand, the interlinked arrangement of the flat tubes 12, initially with an indefinite length, should be able to be wound up as an integral extruded part on a core in order to be able to store it temporarily and, if necessary, to transport it.

Zum anderen sollen, wie dargestellt, nur geringe Reste vom Material der Materialbrücken 80 verbleiben, wenn man jeweils ein Paar benachbarter Flachrohre 12 längs einer einzigen Trennlinie 82 voneinander abtrennt.On the other hand, as shown, only a small remnant of the material of the material bridges 80 should remain if one pairs a pair of adjacent flat tubes 12 along a single one Separating line 82 separates from each other.

Mit 58 sind noch diejenigen Abschnitte bezeichnet, an denen bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Flachrohrwärmetauscher die Verlötung mit den nicht dargestellten Lamellen des ebenfalls nicht dargestellten Flachrohrwärmetauschers erfolgt. Auch die Längserstreckung 1 der jeweiligen gerundeten Schmalseite 50 des jeweiligen Flachrohres 12 sowie der Abstand d der Flachseiten 14 des jeweiligen Flachrohres 12 entsprechen den Angaben bei der Beschreibung des erfindungsgemäßen Flachrohrwärmetauschers. Die Erstreckungsrichtung der Materialbrücken 80 ist dabei sinngemäß in Richtung der Längserstreckung 1 zu verstehen.58 also denotes those sections on which, in the flat tube heat exchanger according to the invention, the brazing takes place with the fins, not shown, of the flat tube heat exchanger, also not shown. The longitudinal extent 1 of the respective rounded narrow side 50 of the respective flat tube 12 and the distance d between the flat sides 14 of the respective flat tube 12 also correspond to the information given in the description of the flat tube heat exchanger according to the invention. The direction of extension of the material bridges 80 is to be understood analogously in the direction of the longitudinal extension 1.

Claims (29)

  1. Flat tube heat exchanger (2) having a plurality of flat tubes (12) whose narrow sides (50) are curved and having zigzag fins (16) nested in sandwich like manner between the flat sides (14) of the flat tubes (12), the zigzag fins (16) being, at their edges (18) which adjoin the flat sides, soldered to the flat sides of the flat tubes,
       characterised in that,
       the length of the curved part of the respective flat tube (12) in the direction of its cross sectional length (L) is greater than half the width (d) of the flat tube (12) and
       the zigzag fins (16) are soldered also to sections (58) of both curved narrow sides (50) of the flat tube (12).
  2. Heat exchanger according to claim 1, characterised in that the length of the curved part of the respective flat tube (12) in the direction of its cross sectional length (L) is greater than the width (d) of the flat tube (12).
  3. Heat exchanger according to claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the curvature of the narrow side (50) is composed of circular arcs of different radii, preferably circular arcs of two different radii (r1,r2), a circular arc of minimum radius (r1) forming the apex (46) of the narrow side (50) adjoined on both sides by circular arcs each of increased radius (r2).
  4. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterised in that the zigzag fins (16) extend freely, from the regions (58) that are soldered to the curved narrow sides (50), to at least the two imaginary tangential planes (C) at the apex points (16) of the curved narrow sides (50).
  5. Heat exchanger according to claim 4, characterised in that the zigzag fins (16) project beyond the relevant imaginary tangential plane (C) at at least one narrow side (50) of the flat tubes (12).
  6. Heat exchanger according to claim 4 or 5, characterised in that the freely extending region of the zigzag fin (16) follows the last radius of curvature (r2) in the region (58) which is soldered to the narrow side (50).
  7. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 6, having at least one header (4) with slots (8) in which adjoining ends (10) of the flat tubes (12) are inserted and sealingly soldered, characterised in that the respective slots (8) are of lesser length (S) than the flat tubes (12 % of length L) between the apex points (46) of their curved narrow sides (50) within their ribbing with the zigzag fins (16), and that the narrow sides (50) of the flat tubes (12) which are curved in the region of the ribbing, are so deformed along the extent of the engagement of the ends (10) of the flat tubes (12) in the header (4), that the respective flat tubes (12) are of a length reduced to correspond to that of the slot length (S).
  8. Heat exchanger according to claim 7, characterised in that the deformation represents upsetting of the tube at the curved narrow sides (50), in the longitudinal direction of the flat tube profile, while retaining the length of the neutral axis (68) (Fig. 7b).
  9. Heat exchanger according to claim 7, characterised in that the deformation represents upsetting of the tube at the curved narrow sides (50), in the longitudinal direction of the flat tube profile, with simultaneous upsetting of the material wall thickness, so that the neutral axis (68) is shortened (Fig. 7c).
  10. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterised in that the depth of construction of the header in the flow direction (A) of the external heat exchange medium along the zigzag fins 16, at most exceeds the depth of construction of the flat tubes (12) in the region of their ribbing, by an extent which is less than twice the lateral wall thickness of the header (4).
  11. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 10, characterised in that the flat tubes (12), the zigzag fins (16) and/or the respective header (4) consist of Al or an Al alloy, preferably AlMn1.
  12. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 11, characterised in that the flat tubes (12) are extruded sections.
  13. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 12, characterised in that the wall thickness of the flat tubes (12) is within the range of 0.2 to 0.6 mm.
  14. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 13, characterised in that the flat tubes (12), in the region of their ribbing, have a cross sectional length L of 12 to 25 mm, preferably 15 to 20 mm.
  15. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 14, characterised in that the two curved narrow sides (50) of the flat tubes (12) together amount to 40 to 50% of the cross sectional length L of the latter.
  16. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 15, characterised in that the spacing d between the flat sides (14) of the respective flat tube (12) is 2 to 4 mm.
  17. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 12 to 16, characterised in that, at the apex point (46) of the curved narrow side of the respective upset flat tube (12), the inner radius amounts to at least 0.2 mm and the outer radius to at least 0.6 mm.
  18. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 17, characterised in that the zigzag fin thickness amounts to 0.12 to 0.2 mm.
  19. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 18, characterised in that the free edges of the zigzag fins (16) have an undulation (64) projecting to both sides of the usual zigzag fin plane.
  20. Heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 19, characterised in that the flat tubes (12) are formed with intermediate reinforcements (cross walls 42) between their flat sides (14).
  21. Heat exchanger according to claim 20, characterised in that the intermediate reinforcements are cross walls (42), preferably spaced apart by a distance of 1 to 2 d.
  22. Process for the manufacture of a flat tube heat exchanger (12) according to claim 20 or 21, in which initially the ends (10) of the flat tubes (12) are inserted in slots (8) of a header (4), the flat tubes (12) having intermediate reinforcements between their flat sides, then the ends (10) of the flat tubes (12) are cut free of their intermediate reinforcement (42), subsequently the cut free ends are expanded against the slot periphery of the header (4), and finally the expanded ends (10) of the flat tubes (12) are sealingly connected with the header (4) by heating of a coating of solder of the header (4, 20) serving as bonding means.
  23. Process according to claim 22 for the manufacture of a heat exchanger according to claim 9, characterised in that initially the curved narrow sides (50) of the ends (10) of the flat tubes (12) engaging in the header (4) are upset to such extent that in the apex region (46) of the upset curved section (50) a central crease (72) is formed, and that then the expansion against the slot periphery of the header proceeds with stretching of the central crease (72).
  24. Use of a heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 21 or of a heat exchanger (2) manufactured by the process according to claims 22 or 23, as condenser of a vehicle air conditioning system.
  25. Use of a heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 21 or of a heat exchanger (2) manufactured by the process according to claims 22 or 23, as cooler for the engine, transmission or hydraulic fluid of a motor vehicle.
  26. Flat tubes for incorporation in a flat tube heat exchanger according to one of claims 1 to 21, the narrow sides (50) of the flat tubes being curved, and the length of the curved part of the flat tube (12) in the direction of its cross sectional length (L) being greater than half the width (d) of the flat tubes, characterised in that the flat tubes (12), which consist of the same material, are linked to each other at the apexes (46) of their curved narrow sides (50) by material bridges (80) of their own material.
  27. Flat tubes according to claim 26, characterised in that the flat tubes linked to each other by the material bridges (80) form an integral extruded section.
  28. Flat tubes according to claim 26 or 27, characterised in that the material bridges (80) have a material thickness of 0.05 to 0.3 mm, preferably 0.15 mm, and/or a length of 0.05 to 0.3 mm, preferably 0.2 mm.
  29. Flat tubes according to one of claims 26 to 28, characterised in that they are wound onto a core in the mutually linked state.
EP92109870A 1991-06-20 1992-06-11 Flat tube heat exchanger, process for manufacturing same, applications and flat tubes for heat exchanger Expired - Lifetime EP0519334B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4120442A DE4120442A1 (en) 1991-06-20 1991-06-20 Flat tube heat exchanger
DE4120442 1991-06-20
DE4201791A DE4201791A1 (en) 1991-06-20 1992-01-23 FLAT TUBES FOR INSTALLATION IN A FLAT TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER AND METHOD FOR SEPARATING THE FLAT TUBES
DE4201791 1992-01-23

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0519334A2 EP0519334A2 (en) 1992-12-23
EP0519334A3 EP0519334A3 (en) 1993-04-21
EP0519334B1 true EP0519334B1 (en) 1995-10-18

Family

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP92109870A Expired - Lifetime EP0519334B1 (en) 1991-06-20 1992-06-11 Flat tube heat exchanger, process for manufacturing same, applications and flat tubes for heat exchanger

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US (1) US5251692A (en)
EP (1) EP0519334B1 (en)
DE (2) DE4201791A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2078590T3 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4201791A1 (en) 1993-07-29
US5251692A (en) 1993-10-12
ES2078590T3 (en) 1995-12-16
EP0519334A2 (en) 1992-12-23
EP0519334A3 (en) 1993-04-21
DE59204039D1 (en) 1995-11-23

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