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EP0513435B1 - Procédé de fabrication d'édifices et de bâtiments et module préfabriqué pour mise en oeuvre du procédé - Google Patents

Procédé de fabrication d'édifices et de bâtiments et module préfabriqué pour mise en oeuvre du procédé Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0513435B1
EP0513435B1 EP91117533A EP91117533A EP0513435B1 EP 0513435 B1 EP0513435 B1 EP 0513435B1 EP 91117533 A EP91117533 A EP 91117533A EP 91117533 A EP91117533 A EP 91117533A EP 0513435 B1 EP0513435 B1 EP 0513435B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
modules
module
prefabricated
foundation frame
foundation
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91117533A
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German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0513435A1 (fr
Inventor
Eberhard Schrade
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from DE9105949U external-priority patent/DE9105949U1/de
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0513435A1 publication Critical patent/EP0513435A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0513435B1 publication Critical patent/EP0513435B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B1/00—Constructions in general; Structures which are not restricted either to walls, e.g. partitions, or floors or ceilings or roofs
    • E04B1/348—Structures composed of units comprising at least considerable parts of two sides of a room, e.g. box-like or cell-like units closed or in skeleton form
    • E04B1/34815—Elements not integrated in a skeleton
    • E04B1/34823—Elements not integrated in a skeleton the supporting structure consisting of concrete

Definitions

  • the invention is based on a method for producing structures and buildings according to the preamble of claim 1 or a module suitable for carrying out this method, usually made of reinforced concrete, according to the preamble of claim 8.
  • the steel structure is used as an outer and, moreover, also visible frame because of its perfect dimensional accuracy, whereby, for example, eight support points are formed for each module, at which these can then be placed on top of one another.
  • the individual modules arranged one on top of the other or next to one another are then usually connected using so-called “twist-and-lock connections”.
  • a multi-storey construction on the basis of such modules with a steel corset is not permitted for fire police reasons, for example in Germany, mainly because the steel reinforcement emerges from the outside.
  • the dimensional accuracy of the commonly used modules and the buildings later made from them is based on the steel frame, which has so far been considered indispensable.
  • Another problem with the previous modular design is that one is not able to provide different heights for several floors, since one is rigidly bound to the height of the individual module specified by the steel structure, i.e. in the Basic concept has no flexibility. So it is also impossible to provide gaps between the individual modules or to use them in a suitable manner, apart from the fact that the usually hollow steel tubes used for the steel frame can often come into contact with liquids, since a completely tight seal is difficult to manufacture and rain water can penetrate into exposed pipes over long periods of time, which then corrode.
  • a prefabricated building cell in the form of a hollow parallelepiped for the formation of residential complexes is known, in which the individual building cells by means of connecting elements, which preferably at the edges, corners and the like. the elements are arranged, are connected to each other.
  • the connecting elements consist on the one hand of a protruding, frustoconical or hemispherical part and on the other hand of a part with a recess which complements the protruding part.
  • the individual building cells are each placed perpendicular to one another, the individual connecting elements being joined together.
  • DE-A-30 03 571 also prefabricated elements for quickly creating buildings are known, which in the form of plinths, beams, entire living spaces and the like. are trained.
  • the carriers each have recesses and projections which can be inserted into one another for the assembly of the elements.
  • a disadvantage of the known methods for producing buildings in modular construction, as well as of the prefabricated modules or building cells, is that no cross-connection between the individual modules, in particular in the ceiling area, is provided.
  • modules known from the prior art good connections can be achieved in the vertical direction of the building due to the mating connecting elements, but no connection of the individual modules to one another in the horizontal direction, in particular in the ceiling area of the building, is provided.
  • This has the disadvantageous result that, for example, shear forces acting on the building, such as those which can arise from wind exposure of the entire building, cannot be intercepted and derived in an optimal manner and the entire building loses stability as a result.
  • the invention is based on the object of making it possible to manufacture buildings or structures, in particular houses of a rather simple type, where, for any reason, for example due to natural disasters such as floods or earthquakes or also as a result of war, a large number of residential units must be built quickly, which, with perfect statics, also meet higher comfort requirements.
  • the task is to be solved to further improve the statics of the buildings constructed from the individual modules in such a way that they also absorb and dissipate shear forces, such as those that can arise from exposure to strong winds of the building.
  • the invention solves this problem with the characterizing features of claim 1 and has the advantage that due to the precisely manufactured modules and the basic concept delivered by the invention by stacking and juxtaposing a large number of prefabricated modules or room cells, which in the vertical direction by a type known plug-in technology can be connected and aligned, rapid production of a large number of residential units is possible, the corresponding houses also being able to be built by inexperienced personnel, since the prefabrication of the modules, which usually consist of reinforced concrete, can be carried out centrally or directly using modern production facilities a then usefully larger construction site can take place.
  • the ceiling area has a central depression or depression, so that, for example, as is usual with flat roofs per se, a border or circumferential edge is formed, but this is done by inserting sleeves, which are aligned with one another, in the case of modules placed next to one another for one Consistency ensures, which is not only favorable for rainwater drainage, for example, but can also be used at the same time to make firm cross connections between the modules in the ceiling area, so that any other forces, such as shear forces and the like. can be caught.
  • modules and the foundation frame preferably in the corner areas, have complementary sockets, for example in the form of peg-like projections which engage in corresponding recesses.
  • These pins and recesses are formed by head or foot plates, which are then only inserted into the corner areas of the modules above and below or of the foundation frame at the top and are anchored in a suitable manner, for example by an anchor loop extending into the reinforced concrete.
  • the basic idea of the invention is to stack dimensionally manufactured individual modules on top of one another by means of a plug-in construction, so that the dimensional accuracy is also maintained in the finished building, the invention also being directed to the plug-in construction also in the transition region between a likewise prefabricated foundation frame and the lower one placed thereon Realize module and finally the possibility is offered to cross-connect modules arranged next to each other by inserting and connecting pipes or the like. modules in the ceiling edge area.
  • FIG. 1 shows the basic concept of a building 10 which is only partially shown, consisting of a lower row of modules 11a, 11b placed next to one another and upper, only partially shown modules 12a, 12b placed on this module row, the lower row of modules itself again on prefabricated foundation frames 13a , 13b sits on.
  • connection of the individual components takes place in the vertical direction in the manner of a plug-in construction, with projections 14 projecting from corresponding recesses in the manner of pins 15 are included.
  • the pin / recess plug connections are preferably located at the respective corner points of modules, in each case at the top and bottom, while the foundation frames 13a, 13b only have pins 14 projecting upwards.
  • Each recess and each pin is formed by a corresponding head or foot plate 16 (see FIG. 5), which either forms the pin 14 projecting upward in the preferred design in its outer contour or has the recess 15 indicated by the dashed line and the on the corresponding points of modules and foundation frames to be placed one above the other, that is to say the corner areas in particular, are firmly connected to them, namely by at least partially inserting and connecting to the foundation frame and reinforced concrete forming modules.
  • each head or foot plate 16 can have an anchor loop 16a in order to achieve a firm anchoring in the material surrounding it from the module corner area or foundation frame corner area, which can also be connected to further reinforcements in the module and foundation frame area.
  • the invention also breaks new ground in the manufacture of the foundations, a mostly complex and labor-intensive process which, moreover, also requires a very precise horizontal leveling of the foundation, at least when work is subsequently continued in a modular design.
  • An embodiment of the invention provides advantages in that, as shown in FIG. 3, it is only necessary to dig a circumferential trench 17 in the respective soil, which in any case partially, and then specifically in the corner regions of the trench, with a lean concrete fill predetermined height is filled.
  • the foundation frame itself can be of a simple, but due to the factory prefabrication dimensionally accurate structure and forms, as shown specifically in FIGS. 2 and 3, a continuous closed frame shape without floor and ceiling, which is rectangular, but also, depending on the type of module can be of any shape and each of the four upwardly facing corner regions, as also shown in FIG. 2, has the fitting or centering pins 14 which project upwards.
  • the foundation frame 13 can each have openings at points aligned with one another, which are shown in broken lines in FIG. 2 and are designated by 18. These breakthroughs can not only serve for the passage of lines, but they can also serve to firmly anchor and fix the individual foundation frames 13 to one another by filling the aligned openings together with concrete through a later removable outer formwork. Here it is also possible to make the openings in the inner diameter non-uniform for secure anchoring. Filling or pouring with concrete takes place after the necessary installations have been carried out, i.e. installation of appropriate water and sewage pipes, electrical installations and the like.
  • the foundation frame also offers advantages in that, with a corresponding lowering of the earth material within the respective foundation frame or frames, for example up to level 19 according to FIG. 3, a cavity is created below the first module placed on the foundation frame, which also acts as a kind of crawl space or can be designed as an otherwise accessible space. However, this is not necessary.
  • the respective prefabricated modules can also be effectively connected to one another or make it possible to run pipes or drain rainwater; for this purpose the ceiling of each module is designed as shown in Fig. 1; a central trough-shaped depression 20 is thus formed which, if it is the last uppermost module in each case, can also assume flat roof functions at the same time.
  • the lowered trough results in a peripheral edge structure 21 in each module, which can, for example, pass into the bottom region of the trough 20 via an inclined surface 21a.
  • sleeves 22 are introduced, that is, of any cross-sectional shape per se , Allow passages or culverts in the ceiling area between individual, adjacent modules.
  • the transverse passages 23 can then finally serve another purpose, namely the relative fixation of the individual modules in the ceiling area to one another, by pushing tubes through the sleeves 22, which are designed as metallic tubes, again, and here from a module to the next, and then welded or otherwise connected the pipe ends protruding to the corresponding sleeve end areas.
  • the tubes used nevertheless keeping the installation transition between the individual troughs 20 of the modules free, since they themselves are hollow again.
  • the passages 23 formed by the sleeves 22 can serve a further purpose, namely the problem-free transport of individual prefabricated modules by inserting support forms 24 provided laterally with a crane hook 25 into these roof openings.
  • the hooks 25 then serve as hangers for a transport and / or lifting crane.
  • the Level in Fig. 5 is designated 26 in the surrounding concrete material 27 of module or foundation frame, so that there is a distance A, which can be, for example, numerical values, but not limiting the invention, 1 cm .
  • This distance A ensures that the stacking and perfect positioning can be done safely even if there are material particles, stones or the like on the surface. are and also serves the purpose that this distance, if necessary, also in advance, meaningful immediately before putting on the next module, with mortar or the like. can fill in, so that the modules form the common building as it were, walled up.
  • the pins 14 preferably have a conical shape which tapers upwards, so that even if the respective upper module is not placed on the hair when the module is lowered further, the latter is automatically pulled straight and positioned at the end.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Conveying And Assembling Of Building Elements In Situ (AREA)
  • Foundations (AREA)
  • Two-Way Televisions, Distribution Of Moving Picture Or The Like (AREA)

Claims (13)

  1. Procédé de construction d'immeubles, notamment d'immeubles d'habitation, d'hôpitaux, d'hôtels, d'immeubles de magasins et de bureaux, de résidences pour personnes âgées, à deux jusqu'à trois étages, selon lequel, en technique de construction modulaire, on place et on relie des cellules préfabriquées en béton d'acier en les juxtaposant et en les superposant, et pour relier les modules entre eux dans leur positionnement précis tout en formant une monostructure statique, la surface supérieure et la surface inférieure des modules comportent des saillies (14) en forme de tétons et des cavités (15) qui les reçoivent, de forme complémentaire, et lors de la superposition de modules (11a, 11b ; 12a, 12b), ceux-ci sont reliés les uns aux autres à la manière d'une construction enfichée, et ils sont positionnés de manière centrée,
    caractérisé en ce que
    pour une cavité en forme de goulotte centrale de la surface supérieure dans la structure de bord périphérique ainsi formée, surélevée par rapport au fond de la goulotte, pour chaque module, de manière alignée sur les autres modules adjacents, on a inséré des manchons (22) qui forment des ouvertures de passage (23), des modules (11a, 11b ; 12a, 12b), juxtaposés, étant reliés par des pièces respectives engagées dans les manchons (22) et les ouvertures de passage (23) forment des passages traversants alignés les uns sur les autres.
  2. Procédé selon la revendication 1,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les pièces engagées dans les manchons (22) sont des tubes de blocage soudés aux manchons (22).
  3. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce qu'
    un châssis de fondation (13, 13a, 13b) périphérique, par ailleurs ouvert, nivelé horizontalement, est placé dans un fossé excavé (17) avec interposition de béton maigre, puis sur ce châssis fondamental préfabriqué, on place un premier module préfabriqué, inférieur, suivant le même mode d'enfichage servant à assurer la liaison verticale des modules entre eux.
  4. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    pour la mise à niveau horizontale du châssis de fondation (13, 13a, 13b), dans le fossé d'abord excavé, on remplit les zones de coin respectives avec du béton, on dépose sur ces coins le châssis de fondation puis par insertion de pièces de support, on aligne horizontalement et enfin on remplit le fossé préalablement excavé, complètement avec du béton en dessous du châssis de fondation.
  5. Procédé selon l'une des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    pour relier entre eux des châssis de fondation (13) juxtaposés, ceux-ci comportent des ouvertures ou des passages (18), préfabriqués, alignés par leur paroi latérale, ces ouvertures étant bloquées les unes par rapport aux autres par la mise en place d'organes d'accrochage ou d'une masse de béton coulé assurant le blocage relatif.
  6. Procédé selon l'une quelconque des revendications précédentes,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les parties en saillie (14), en forme de tétons, et les cavités (15) qui reçoivent ces parties en saillie sont constituées par des plaques de tête ou de pied (16), métalliques, intégrées au moins partiellement dans les zones de coin de chaque module, en passant par le haut et par le bas.
  7. Procédé selon l'une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 6,
    caractérisé en ce que
    les plaques de tête et de pied (16), portant les saillies (14) en forme de tétons ou les cavités (15) qui les reçoivent, ne sont intégrées dans le béton du châssis des fondations et/ou des modules, que de manière partielle en formant un intervalle (A), et la distance formée entre les différents modules ou le module et la plaque de pied (A) est remplie avec du mortier.
  8. Module et châssis de fondation, préfabriqués aux dimensions précises pour la réalisation de constructions et d'immeubles, notamment d'immeubles d'hôpitaux, d'hôtels, d'immeubles de magasins ou de bureaux, de résidences pour personnes âgées etc..., selon lequel en technique de construction modulaire, partant de cellules préfabriquées en béton armé qui sont juxtaposées et/ou superposées ou reliées, le module (11a, 11b) comporte des moyens de centrage dirigés vers le haut et vers le bas, servant d'alignement horizontal et de blocage par rapport à d'autres modules (11a, 11b, 12a, 12b) sous la forme de saillies en téton (14) et de cavités (15) qui les reçoivent, et en ce qu'un châssis de fondation périphérique (13), préfabriqué, est prévu, sur lequel, après son alignement horizontal, dans un fossé donné, le module (11a, 11b) est placé directement par la technique de liaison par enfichage et est centré, notamment pour la mise en oeuvre du procédé selon une ou plusieurs des revendications 1 à 7,
    caractérisés en ce que
    la surface supérieure du module (11a, 11b) comporte une cavité (20), centrale, en forme de gorge, formant une structure de bord périphérique (21) dans lequel se trouve des passages (23) pour un alignement latéral sur les autres modules juxtaposés (11a, 11b, 12a, 12b), les passages (23) étant formés par des manchons (22), mis en place pour relier latéralement des modules superposés (11a, 11b, 12a, 12b) à l'aide de pièces engagées dans les manchons (23) et servant à des passages traversants.
  9. Module et châssis de fondation, préfabriqués exactement aux dimensions, selon la revendication 8,
    caractérisés en ce que
    les parties engagées dans le manchon (22) sont des tubes reliés au manchon (22) pour bloquer les modules (11a, 11b, 12a, 12b) les uns par rapport aux autres.
  10. Module et châssis de fondation, préfabriqués aux dimensions précises, selon l'une des revendications 8 ou 9,
    caractérisés en ce que
    les saillies (14) en forme de tétons au niveau des coins respectifs des châssis de fondation (13) et des modules (11a, 11b, 12a, 12b), préfabriqués, sont verticalement en saillie vers le haut et les cavités (15) qui les reçoivent se trouvent au niveau des surfaces de coin inférieures des modules.
  11. Module et châssis de fondation, préfabriqués aux dimensions précises, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 10,
    caractérisés en ce que
    les plaques de pied et de tête (16) portant les saillies (14) en forme de tétons ou les cavités (15), sortent d'une distance prédéterminée (A) du niveau de la matière qui les entoure pour recevoir les couches de mortier reliant entre eux les différents modules.
  12. Module et châssis de fondation, préfabriqués aux dimensions précises, selon l'une quelconque des revendications 8 à 11,
    caractérisés en ce que
    les passages traversants (23) reçoivent des structures portantes (24) mises en place en utilisant des crochets de levage (25) pour le transport des modules.
  13. Module et châssis de fondation, préfabriqués aux dimensions précises, selon la revendication 8,
    caractérisés en ce que
    les châssis de fondation (13) comportent des passages (18) alignés les uns par rapport aux autres pour faire traverser des installations et recevoir ultérieurement du béton coulé.
EP91117533A 1991-05-14 1991-10-15 Procédé de fabrication d'édifices et de bâtiments et module préfabriqué pour mise en oeuvre du procédé Expired - Lifetime EP0513435B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE9105949U 1991-05-14
DE9105949U DE9105949U1 (de) 1991-05-14 1991-05-14 Vorgefertigter Modul zur Herstellung von Bauwerken und Gebäuden
DE4131125 1991-09-19
DE4131125A DE4131125C2 (de) 1991-05-14 1991-09-19 Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauwerken und Gebäuden und vorgefertigter Modul zur Durchführung des Verfahrens

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0513435A1 EP0513435A1 (fr) 1992-11-19
EP0513435B1 true EP0513435B1 (fr) 1996-10-02

Family

ID=25907457

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91117533A Expired - Lifetime EP0513435B1 (fr) 1991-05-14 1991-10-15 Procédé de fabrication d'édifices et de bâtiments et module préfabriqué pour mise en oeuvre du procédé

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0513435B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE143710T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4131125C2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0513435T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2094179T3 (fr)
GR (1) GR3021958T3 (fr)
IL (1) IL101814A (fr)

Families Citing this family (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4332793C1 (de) * 1993-09-27 1995-01-12 Eberhard Schrade Verfahren zur Herstellung von Bauwerken und vorgefertigter Modul
ES2333636B1 (es) 2008-10-10 2011-03-11 Angel Moreno Cano Modulo semirresistente prefabricado para construccion y procedimientode montaje en obra del mismo.
WO2015022444A1 (fr) 2013-08-16 2015-02-19 Pedraza Paris José Francisco Système de construction modulaire
CN114016616A (zh) * 2021-11-25 2022-02-08 华南理工大学 一种盒子式整体预制建筑模块连接结构及建筑体系
CN117569590A (zh) * 2024-01-17 2024-02-20 清华大学 一种新型高层混凝土模块化建筑的内部连接方法

Family Cites Families (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2691291A (en) * 1949-08-02 1954-10-12 Henderson Albert Building of precast concrete segments
US3984950A (en) * 1971-12-16 1976-10-12 Rudkin-Wiley Corporation Modular building units
NL7206775A (fr) * 1972-05-19 1973-11-21
DD111231A1 (fr) * 1974-04-08 1975-02-05
AR211064A1 (es) * 1977-04-26 1977-10-14 Horacio Levinton R Conjunto de piezas modulares tridimensionales, para la construccion de edificios.
IT1103969B (it) * 1978-07-06 1985-10-14 Maioli Amos Cella modulare prefabbricata a forma di parallelepipedo cavo per la formazione di complessi abitabili ad uso privato o pubblico
IT1212378B (it) * 1979-02-05 1989-11-22 Guardiani Eustachio Costruzioni prefabbricate conpannelli-base, vani-casa, vani-scale, tetto-casa, travi e solai
US4435927A (en) * 1981-06-19 1984-03-13 Misawa Homes K.K. Modular building structure and module for it

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE143710T1 (de) 1996-10-15
DK0513435T3 (fr) 1997-03-03
GR3021958T3 (en) 1997-03-31
IL101814A0 (en) 1992-12-30
DE4131125C2 (de) 1996-07-18
ES2094179T3 (es) 1997-01-16
IL101814A (en) 1995-08-31
DE4131125A1 (de) 1992-11-19
EP0513435A1 (fr) 1992-11-19
DE59108244D1 (de) 1996-11-07

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