Classifications

• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
  • F27D1/0003—Linings or walls
  • F27D1/0023—Linings or walls comprising expansion joints or means to restrain expansion due to thermic flows
• • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
  • F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
  • F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
  • F27D1/00—Casings; Linings; Walls; Roofs
  • F27D1/14—Supports for linings
  • F27D1/141—Anchors therefor

Definitions

• the range of application of this invention is refractory and inslulating linings a.o. in industrial establishments such as pyroprocessing and processing industries furnaces and boiler plants. In said establishments there are parts which need to be protected with refractory and insulating linings against the effects of high temperatures and matters flowing in some factory buildings.
• Fig. 4 Flow of combustion gases and sand from boiler to syclones (G), flow of combustion gases from cyclones to superheater (H), flow of sand along return tubes to boiler grate (J).
• the arrows in Fig. 4 show two of the thermal motion coordinates, the direction of the third one is perpendicular in relation to the figure.
• the vertical coordinates are partly divergent because of the position of their zero points (T). In big plants the thermal motions can measure dozens of millimetres.
• the applicable lining construction is a straight gap reaching through the lining, being totally closed only at maximum working temperatures, (in boiler plants appr. 1000-1300 degrees Celsius).
• the disadvantage of this lining construction is that the refractory lining is open during the heating-up and cooling down phases of the plant as well as during operation at maximum working temperature and so the parts to be protected lie open to the injurious effects of high temperatures and flowing matters in the plant. Such matters are a.o. sand in Pyroflow and other fluidized bed burning and boiler plants.
• By relatively frequent repetition of heating-up and cooling-down it is important that the lining remains tight also in joints. That is however not possible by using known technics and the life of parts to be protect ⁇ ed grows shorter.
• porous flexible wool is used as filling in accordance to modern technics, the purpose of which is to form a heat lock during heating-up.
• it does not endure mechanical wear (for instance sand) and therefore its applicability as joint-locking material is questionable.
• the conception of heat-lock does not function anymore in the cooling-down phase, whereby the wool has got pressed flat and lost its flexibility.
• the total lenght of this kind of expansion joints is 50-100 metres, it is obvious that maintenance of a joint construction, which includes emptying of foreign matters from the joint before each refill of wool, is troublesome and expensive.
• the most important advantage in applying the invention is the fact that the lining at the joint remains fully closed under all working conditions even though the thermal motions shift the sections in many directions with respect to each other.
• the lining prevents access of high temperature and hazardous matters to protected parts even in the heating-up and cooling-down phase and in conditions under maximum working temperature. For instance, in Pyroflow plants, sand is mixed in the flow of combustion gases already in the heating-up phase.
• the invention also enables control of excess thermal motion by overheating.
• FIG. 1-10 illustrate the invention and its application as follows:
• Fig. 1 is the cross section of a joint construction according to the invention, showing all essent ⁇ ial parts.
• Fig. 2 is a transmitter related to the invention.
• Fig. 3 is a cross-section in the direction of line
• FIG. 4 is a cross-section at a cyclone in a Pyroflow boiler plant mentioned in the forms application.
• Fig. 5 is a s.c. "rabbet" joint, known as it is.
• Fig. 6 is a joint construction according to known technics.
• Fig. 7 is a cross-section in the direction of line
• Fig. 8 is a solution according to the invention, e.g. applied to a wall construction
• Fig. 9 is a mode of application of a construction according to the invention, where the end to end linings in joint B do not rub against each other
• Fig. 10 is a construction according to figure 9 affected by thermal motions.
• the invention according to figure 1 consisting of two ex- expansion joints (A and B), an intermediate element (C) and a transmitter (D).
• the transmitter is shown in more detailes in figures 2 and 3.
• Figure 1 shows the invention applied for instance in a Pyroflow boiler plant in a joint between boiler and cyclone, where combustion gases and sand come from boiler to cyclone (Fig. 4, G).
• the boiler (E) expands in line with the cyclone in the joint as shown in figur 1
• the intermediate element (C) is pushed by element (E) to ⁇ wards the cyclon.
• the cyclone (F) expands, its motion is towards the boiler (E).
• the expansion joint (A) a s.c. "rabbet" joint, between intermediate element (C) and cyclone (F) is compressed and stores said thermal motions.
• the bevelling in joint surface construction pushes sand out of the joint.
• boiler (E) expands in upright directions with respect to the flow together with but in different ways than cyclone (F) .
• the difference generated by these motions is stored in joint (B) as elements E and C move sidewards in relation to each other.
• boiler (E) and cyclone (C) are drawn farther apart, whereat a space tends to form between intermediate element (C) and boiler (E).
• spring (7) of transmitter (D) presses the slide (2) and intermediate element (C), fixed to it, tight against the lining thus preventing forming of gap.
• axles (3) fixed by lock rings (4) to slide (2) can move in the oblong openings of the frame, the width of which corresponds to the axle (3) diametres (slide fit) , in upright directions only in relation to joint surfaces (B) , so that the distance of intermediate element (C) to frame casing (Fv) of cyclone (F) remains constant.
• joint (A) expands when element (C) moves apart from cyclone(F) .
• Thermal motions in line with joint surfaces (B), generated by boiler (E) and cyclone (F) shrinkage, are taken up in ' joint (B) between the sliding abutting joint surfaces of boiler (C) and inter ⁇ mediate element (E) in the cyclone construction.
• a device according to the invention can also be used so that motion of slide (2) is possible in two directions from its starting position, whereat the position of slide (2) in relation to frame (1) must be set for the time of duration of the intermediate element installation.
• This feature will come handy in situations where thermal motions shift elements (E) farther apart than they are in the starting situation.
• the expanding joints of sand return tubes (Fig. 4/J) for instance in Pyroflow boiler plants, since in the heating-up phase the boiler of lighter construction gets heated and expands more and faster than the massive cyclone with insulating lining. The effect is increased by the different position of the zero points.
• wedges can be used between element (E) and the slide.
• intermediate element (C) as well as elements (E) and (F) is carried out with known methods of installation so that the lining is divided into suitable segments.
• Each intermediate element segment has to be furnished with a sufficient number of transmitters (D).
• the invention is applicable as well to floor, wall and roof constructions as to joints with a circular, ellipti ⁇ cal or other form of cross-section
• Fig. 8 shows an expansion joint construction according to the invention, applied to a plane wall, roof or floor construction so that height (wall construction) or width (roof and floor construction) of elements (E) and (F) of intermediate element (C) are ab. 600 mm, according to known installation technics, such as it is, whereat the sufficient number of transmitters is two per each intermediate element and the segment is supported on four anchors.
• Anchors (8) in Fig. 2 and 3 are reinfoced by stiffeners for sufficient rigidity.
• the mode of fastening the intermediate element (C) contained in the invention, to transmitters (D) can also be any other applicable mode than the Y-anchoring defined in this description and its drawings. It is also to be noted that the transmitters of the intermediate element can be kept apart or connected to each other by means of their slides.
• a plate can be mentioned which is mounted between the slides by welding and against which the insulating lining is mounted.
• cooling e.g. air- pressure
• the transmitters upon need, in order the prevent too high increase of temperat ⁇ ure.
• strengthening of the insulating layer at the transmitters in moving the frame casing By choise of transmitter raw materials it is also possible to solve this question.
• Joint (A) of the invention or its not-bevelled part can be dimensioned 20-30 % greater than needed for its therm- al motions, thus allowing filling of joint for instance with elastic refractory wool. Then hazardous matters cannot penetrate to the joint through the 1-3 mm gap left between its sliding surfaces to allow expansion and the yielding wool does not become flattened but keeps its elasticity during joint function.
• Joint linings can also be installed by means of known technics so that there are no harmful notches in joint (B) at working temperature.
• a construction like this, which prevents lining from mechanical wear, may be useful in some places where this invention is used, for instance plants with frequent heating-ups and cooling-downs, though modern refractory lining materials are designed to endure hard mechanical wear.
• FIG. 8 shows a compound lining, where a practicable mode of installation of intermediate element (C) can be for instance anchoring as shown in the figure.

Landscapes

• Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
• General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
• Furnace Housings, Linings, Walls, And Ceilings (AREA)
• Fluidized-Bed Combustion And Resonant Combustion (AREA)
• Building Environments (AREA)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Publications (1)

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ID=8529708

Family Applications (1)

Country Status (5)

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• 1990
  • 1990-01-16 FI FI900242A patent/FI87271C/fi not_active IP Right Cessation
• 1991
  • 1991-01-14 WO PCT/FI1991/000014 patent/WO1991010788A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
  • 1991-01-14 CA CA 2073562 patent/CA2073562A1/en not_active Abandoned
  • 1991-01-14 EP EP19910901800 patent/EP0511239A1/en not_active Withdrawn
  • 1991-01-14 JP JP50224291A patent/JPH05503747A/ja active Pending

Non-Patent Citations (1)

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