EP0507363A1 - Procédé pour l'élimination continue des gommes d'une huile glycéridique - Google Patents
Procédé pour l'élimination continue des gommes d'une huile glycéridique Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0507363A1 EP0507363A1 EP92200543A EP92200543A EP0507363A1 EP 0507363 A1 EP0507363 A1 EP 0507363A1 EP 92200543 A EP92200543 A EP 92200543A EP 92200543 A EP92200543 A EP 92200543A EP 0507363 A1 EP0507363 A1 EP 0507363A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- oil
- stage
- gum phase
- centrifugal separator
- process according
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 49
- UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N triformin Chemical compound O=COCC(OC=O)COC=O UFTFJSFQGQCHQW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 title claims abstract description 25
- 238000005406 washing Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 27
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000000926 separation method Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 claims description 7
- KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N citric acid Chemical compound OC(=O)CC(O)(C(O)=O)CC(O)=O KRKNYBCHXYNGOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 231100000252 nontoxic Toxicity 0.000 claims description 3
- 230000003000 nontoxic effect Effects 0.000 claims description 3
- 150000003839 salts Chemical class 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005119 centrifugation Methods 0.000 abstract description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 238000004064 recycling Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 97
- 235000019198 oils Nutrition 0.000 description 97
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 22
- OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorus Chemical compound [P] OAICVXFJPJFONN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 20
- 229910052698 phosphorus Inorganic materials 0.000 description 20
- 239000011574 phosphorus Substances 0.000 description 20
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 description 11
- 238000004061 bleaching Methods 0.000 description 10
- NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphoric acid Chemical compound OP(O)(O)=O NBIIXXVUZAFLBC-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M Sodium hydroxide Chemical compound [OH-].[Na+] HEMHJVSKTPXQMS-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 6
- 235000019484 Rapeseed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 229910000147 aluminium phosphate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 4
- 230000000052 comparative effect Effects 0.000 description 4
- 235000012424 soybean oil Nutrition 0.000 description 4
- 239000003549 soybean oil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 3
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006386 neutralization reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000001637 plasma atomic emission spectroscopy Methods 0.000 description 2
- 235000011121 sodium hydroxide Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 235000015112 vegetable and seed oil Nutrition 0.000 description 2
- 239000008158 vegetable oil Substances 0.000 description 2
- 235000019482 Palm oil Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 230000002411 adverse Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005054 agglomeration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002776 aggregation Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010775 animal oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011260 aqueous acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002585 base Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004040 coloring Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000010779 crude oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000010908 decantation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000001914 filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000021588 free fatty acids Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000002736 metal compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000001471 micro-filtration Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000003472 neutralizing effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 235000014593 oils and fats Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 210000002741 palatine tonsil Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 239000002540 palm oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002245 particle Substances 0.000 description 1
- -1 phosphatides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000003904 phospholipids Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000003825 pressing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004062 sedimentation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000020238 sunflower seed Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 150000003626 triacylglycerols Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001993 wax Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/006—Refining fats or fatty oils by extraction
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
- C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
- C11B3/00—Refining fats or fatty oils
- C11B3/16—Refining fats or fatty oils by mechanical means
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for the continuous removal of a gum phase from triglyceride oil resulting in a gum phase with low oil content and a degummed oil which after bleaching may be physically refined.
- the present process comprises the following stages:
- Crude triglyceride oils as obtained by pressing and/or extracting oil seeds or animal matter contain several compounds other than triglycerides. Some of these compounds such as phosphatides, free fatty acids, odours, colouring matter, waxes and metal compounds must be removed because they adversely affect taste, smell, appearance and keepability of the refined oil.
- a process for the continuous removal of a gum phase from triglyceride oil is described in EP 0 348 004. This process involves in a first stage degumming the oil by any conventional degumming method causing phosphatides to be hydrated, and, in a second stage, separating the undissolved and originally non-centrifugable particles from the degummed oil after optional agglomeration, by microfiltration, filtration, centrifugation, sedimentation or decantation.
- the main disadvantage of this process is the important loss of triglyceride oil entrained during removal of both gum phases.
- the invention relates to a process for the continuous removal of a gum phase from triglyceride oil resulting in a gum phase with low oil content and a degummed oil which after bleaching may be physically refined.
- the process according to the invention is a process for the continuous removal of a gum phase from triglyceride oil, comprising the following stages:
- the process according to the invention can advantageously be used in the degumming process according to US 4,698,185.
- water degummed vegetable oils are treated with finely dispersed aqueous acid whereupon this acid is partially neutralised so that a gum phase is formed. If such oils containing a gum phase are processed according to the present invention, the oils thus obtained may be physically refined.
- the process according to the invention can advantageously be applied to degum oils treated by the process according to GB 1 565 569.
- This process entails adding an acid to crude oil, allowing a contact time of approximately 10 min., partially neutralising this acid with a base and then allowing an extended contact time for the development of a separate gum phase which is finally to be removed from the oil.
- the process according to the invention can also advantageously be applied to degum oils treated by the process according to US 4,049,686.
- US 4,049,686 a process is described in which oil is treated with an acid and cooled to below 40°C whereupon the nonhydratable phospholipids form gums in a form that can be removed from the oil e.g. by centrifuge.
- the type of oil to be degummed by the process according to the invention is not critical.
- edible triglyceride oils like soybean oil, sunflowerseed oil, rapeseed oil, palm oil and other vegetable oils as well as animal oils and fats can all be successfully processed provided the gum phase has been successfully developed before the oil is fed to the first centrifugal separator.
- the washing water to be mixed into the oil obtained from the first centrifugal separator can be water, diluted non-toxic acid, e.g. citric acid, water containing salts or effluent water resulting from the optional washing stage.
- the amount of washing water to be mixed into the oil leaving the first centrifugal separator generally ranges from 0.05 to 10 wt.%, preferably between 0.5 and 5 wt.%.
- the oil - washing water mixture is then optionally passed to a holding vessel.
- This holding time generally ranges from 10 seconds to 30 minutes, preferably from 0.5 to 15 minutes.
- the temperature in said holding vessel is preferably between 60 and 110 °C.
- the centrifugal separators to be used in the process according to the invention can be disc centrifuges, decanters or other equipment capable of continuously separating a gum phase from an oil phase.
- the performance of such equipment can commonly be adjusted to yield either a gum stream with low oil content or an oil stream with low gum content as set out in EP 349 718.
- the oil phase obtained by the process according to the invention may further be dried and bleached with commonly known bleaching means prior to being physically refined or refined by alkali neutralisation.
- the feed consisted of water-degummed soybean oil having a temperature of approximately 90°C, a residual phosphorus content of approximately 120 ppm and an iron content of approximately 1.15 ppm.
- the separate gum phase was formed according to US 4,698,185 applying 0.20 vol.% phosphoric acid of 80 % strength, a contact time equal to 2.5 min. (at a throughput of 9.3 tons/h.) and a 50 % neutralization of the phosphoric acid with 12°Bé caustic soda.
- the soybean oil comprising a separate gum phase was, in the first stage of the process according to the invention, fed to a centrifugal separator, resulting into a gum phase having a triglyceride oil content of approximately 19 wt.% (calculated on dry matter) and triglyceride oil which still contained a fraction of the phosphatides originally present in the feed.
- the above table also shows that the moisture content of oil resulting from the second centrifugal separator does not increase when operating in accordance with the invention. It also demonstrates, that the first centrifugal separator is able to remove the extra water introduced into the oil at the stage in between the centrifugal separators.
- the feed consisted of partially water-degummed rapeseed oil having a temperature of approximately 90°C, a residual phosphorus content of approximately 158 ppm and an iron content of approximately 1.58 ppm.
- the separate gum phase was formed according to US 4,698,185 applying 0.16 vol.% phosphoric acid of 80 % strength, a contact time equal to 2.5 min. (at a throughput of 9.0 tons/h.) and a 50 % neutralization of the phosphoric acid with 12°Bé caustic soda.
- the rapeseed oil comprising a separate gum phase was, in the first stage of the process according to the invention, fed to a centrifugal separator, resulting into a gum phase having a triglyceride oil content of approximately 14 wt.% (calculated on dry matter) and triglyceride oil which still contained a fraction of the phosphatides originally present in the feed.
- oils thus obtained were bleached with 0.5 wt.% bleaching earth ( Tonsil ACCFF, Süd Chemie, Kunststoff, Germany) at 100°C under vacuum for 30 minutes whereupon the oil was allowed to cool to below 90°C before the bleaching earth was filtered off. Subsequently, the bleached oils were physically refined at 240°C for 2 hours at a vacuum below 400 Pa (30 mmHg). Both oils had a bland neutral taste and showed excellent keepability.
- Tonsil ACCFF Tonsil ACCFF, Süd Chemie, Kunststoff, Germany
- the above table 2 clearly illustrates that the residual phosphorus content of the oil resulting from the second centrifugal separator is much lower when operating in accordance to the invention rather than according to EP 0 349 718. Furthermore, the above table shows that the oil according to the invention can, after drying, be bleached with the usual amount of bleaching earth in order to obtain a high quality refined oil.
Landscapes
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Microbiology (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
- Peptides Or Proteins (AREA)
- Preparation Of Compounds By Using Micro-Organisms (AREA)
- Centrifugal Separators (AREA)
- Treatment Of Liquids With Adsorbents In General (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT92200543T ATE89599T1 (de) | 1991-04-02 | 1992-02-26 | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen entschleimung eines glyceridoeles. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91105198 | 1991-04-02 | ||
| EP91105198 | 1991-04-02 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0507363A1 true EP0507363A1 (fr) | 1992-10-07 |
| EP0507363B1 EP0507363B1 (fr) | 1993-05-19 |
Family
ID=8206595
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP92200543A Expired - Lifetime EP0507363B1 (fr) | 1991-04-02 | 1992-02-26 | Procédé pour l'élimination continue des gommes d'une huile glycéridique |
Country Status (13)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0507363B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JPH05117685A (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE89599T1 (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2063929A1 (fr) |
| CZ (1) | CZ289672B6 (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69200004T2 (fr) |
| DK (1) | DK0507363T3 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2055634T3 (fr) |
| HU (1) | HU212977B (fr) |
| MX (1) | MX9201460A (fr) |
| PL (1) | PL169760B1 (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2008328C1 (fr) |
| SK (1) | SK279220B6 (fr) |
Cited By (9)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0560121A3 (en) * | 1992-03-09 | 1994-07-27 | Vandemoortele Int Nv | Method for refining glyceride oil |
| EP0583648A3 (fr) * | 1992-08-19 | 1995-02-01 | Vandemoortele Int Nv | Procédé de raffinage en continu avec des effluents réduits. |
| WO1997024933A1 (fr) * | 1996-01-05 | 1997-07-17 | Grow Green Pty. Ltd. | Charge d'alimentation de proteines; compositions, procedes et dispositif de production associes |
| WO1999002630A1 (fr) * | 1997-07-09 | 1999-01-21 | Crystallisation And Degumming Sprl | Procede d'elimination des metaux des corps gras et des gommes associes a ces metaux |
| WO2002062157A2 (fr) * | 2001-02-02 | 2002-08-15 | Ip Holdings, L.L.C. | Traitement de melanges contenant des phosphatides |
| US6844458B2 (en) | 1998-11-20 | 2005-01-18 | Ip Holdings, L.L.C. | Vegetable oil refining |
| WO2009132463A1 (fr) * | 2008-05-02 | 2009-11-05 | Neptune Technologies & Bioressources Inc. | Nouveau procédé de désodorisation et amélioration organoleptique d'extraits d'huile d'animal marin |
| DE102008048009A1 (de) | 2008-09-19 | 2010-03-25 | Rmenergy Umweltverfahrenstechnik Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur dezentralen Aufbereitung nativer Öle und Fette zur Nutzung als Kraftstoff oder als Rohstoff für die Biodieselherstellung |
| CN107011991A (zh) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-08-04 | 西北大学 | 一种油脂的阳离子树脂脱磷方法 |
Families Citing this family (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| AU2002322233C1 (en) | 2001-07-27 | 2014-02-13 | Aker Biomarine Antarctic As | Natural marine source phospholipids comprising flavonoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids and their applications |
| AR078850A1 (es) | 2009-10-29 | 2011-12-07 | Acasti Pharma Inc | Composiciones terapeuticas concentradas de fosfolipidos |
| JP6801958B2 (ja) * | 2015-12-24 | 2020-12-16 | 日清オイリオグループ株式会社 | 焙煎油の製造方法、及び食用油脂組成物の製造方法 |
| WO2021124444A1 (fr) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-24 | 株式会社Ｉｈｉ原動機 | Dispositif de démucilagination d'huile végétale brute |
| WO2021124443A1 (fr) * | 2019-12-17 | 2021-06-24 | 株式会社Ｉｈｉ原動機 | Système de génération d'énergie |
Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE507650A (fr) * | ||||
| GB481580A (en) * | 1935-06-29 | 1938-03-11 | Sharples Specialty Co | Improvements in or relating to the treatment of fatty oils |
| FR1108998A (fr) * | 1954-07-10 | 1956-01-19 | Separation Sa Franc Pour La | Perfectionnements au traitement des huiles végétales |
| EP0077528A1 (fr) * | 1981-10-15 | 1983-04-27 | Cpc International Inc. | Huile alimentaire raffinée et procédé pour sa préparation |
| EP0349718A2 (fr) * | 1988-07-06 | 1990-01-10 | N.V. Vandemoortele International | Procédé de séparation en continu d'une phase gomme de l'huile triglycéride |
-
1992
- 1992-02-26 DK DK92200543.4T patent/DK0507363T3/da active
- 1992-02-26 EP EP92200543A patent/EP0507363B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-02-26 DE DE9292200543T patent/DE69200004T2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-02-26 ES ES92200543T patent/ES2055634T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1992-02-26 AT AT92200543T patent/ATE89599T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-03-25 CA CA002063929A patent/CA2063929A1/fr not_active Abandoned
- 1992-03-31 MX MX9201460A patent/MX9201460A/es unknown
- 1992-03-31 CZ CS1992957A patent/CZ289672B6/cs not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-03-31 JP JP4108595A patent/JPH05117685A/ja active Pending
- 1992-03-31 SK SK957-92A patent/SK279220B6/sk unknown
- 1992-04-01 HU HU9201094A patent/HU212977B/hu not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1992-04-01 PL PL92294068A patent/PL169760B1/pl unknown
- 1992-04-01 RU SU925011279A patent/RU2008328C1/ru active
Patent Citations (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| BE507650A (fr) * | ||||
| GB481580A (en) * | 1935-06-29 | 1938-03-11 | Sharples Specialty Co | Improvements in or relating to the treatment of fatty oils |
| FR1108998A (fr) * | 1954-07-10 | 1956-01-19 | Separation Sa Franc Pour La | Perfectionnements au traitement des huiles végétales |
| EP0077528A1 (fr) * | 1981-10-15 | 1983-04-27 | Cpc International Inc. | Huile alimentaire raffinée et procédé pour sa préparation |
| EP0349718A2 (fr) * | 1988-07-06 | 1990-01-10 | N.V. Vandemoortele International | Procédé de séparation en continu d'une phase gomme de l'huile triglycéride |
Non-Patent Citations (3)
| Title |
|---|
| REVUE FRANCAISE DES CORPS GRAS vol. 27, no. 7, 1980, PARIS pages 333 - 339; G. DEVINAT ET AL.: 'SUR LA RAFFINABILITE DES HUILES. I. CONSIDERATIONS GENERALES ET ASPECTS TECHNOLOGIQUE ET ANALYTIQUE' * |
| THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOCIETY vol. 24, 1947, pages 261 - 264; H.J. DUTTON ET AL.: 'THE FLAVOR PROBLEM OF SOYBEAN OIL. I. A TEST OF THE WATER WASHING-CITRIC ACID REFINING TECHNIQUE' * |
| THE JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN OIL CHEMISTS' SOCIETY vol. 61, no. 8, 1984, pages 1380 - 1382; E.G. LATONDRESS: 'ENERGY SAVING TECHNIQUES IN CONTINUOUS DEGUMMING AND REFINING' * |
Cited By (12)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0560121A3 (en) * | 1992-03-09 | 1994-07-27 | Vandemoortele Int Nv | Method for refining glyceride oil |
| EP0583648A3 (fr) * | 1992-08-19 | 1995-02-01 | Vandemoortele Int Nv | Procédé de raffinage en continu avec des effluents réduits. |
| WO1997024933A1 (fr) * | 1996-01-05 | 1997-07-17 | Grow Green Pty. Ltd. | Charge d'alimentation de proteines; compositions, procedes et dispositif de production associes |
| WO1999002630A1 (fr) * | 1997-07-09 | 1999-01-21 | Crystallisation And Degumming Sprl | Procede d'elimination des metaux des corps gras et des gommes associes a ces metaux |
| US6407271B1 (en) | 1997-07-09 | 2002-06-18 | Etienne Deffense | Method for eliminating metals from fatty substances and gums associated with said metals |
| US6844458B2 (en) | 1998-11-20 | 2005-01-18 | Ip Holdings, L.L.C. | Vegetable oil refining |
| WO2002062157A2 (fr) * | 2001-02-02 | 2002-08-15 | Ip Holdings, L.L.C. | Traitement de melanges contenant des phosphatides |
| WO2002062157A3 (fr) * | 2001-02-02 | 2002-10-03 | Ip Holdings Llc | Traitement de melanges contenant des phosphatides |
| WO2009132463A1 (fr) * | 2008-05-02 | 2009-11-05 | Neptune Technologies & Bioressources Inc. | Nouveau procédé de désodorisation et amélioration organoleptique d'extraits d'huile d'animal marin |
| DE102008048009A1 (de) | 2008-09-19 | 2010-03-25 | Rmenergy Umweltverfahrenstechnik Gmbh | Vorrichtung zur dezentralen Aufbereitung nativer Öle und Fette zur Nutzung als Kraftstoff oder als Rohstoff für die Biodieselherstellung |
| CN107011991A (zh) * | 2017-04-12 | 2017-08-04 | 西北大学 | 一种油脂的阳离子树脂脱磷方法 |
| CN107011991B (zh) * | 2017-04-12 | 2021-04-13 | 西北大学 | 一种油脂的阳离子树脂脱磷方法 |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| PL294068A1 (en) | 1992-12-14 |
| MX9201460A (es) | 1992-10-01 |
| HUT62646A (en) | 1993-05-28 |
| ES2055634T3 (es) | 1994-08-16 |
| DK0507363T3 (da) | 1993-08-30 |
| EP0507363B1 (fr) | 1993-05-19 |
| CZ289672B6 (cs) | 2002-03-13 |
| SK279220B6 (sk) | 1998-08-05 |
| CS95792A3 (en) | 1992-10-14 |
| HU212977B (en) | 1997-01-28 |
| HU9201094D0 (en) | 1992-06-29 |
| DE69200004D1 (de) | 1993-06-24 |
| JPH05117685A (ja) | 1993-05-14 |
| ATE89599T1 (de) | 1993-06-15 |
| CA2063929A1 (fr) | 1992-10-03 |
| RU2008328C1 (ru) | 1994-02-28 |
| PL169760B1 (en) | 1996-08-30 |
| DE69200004T2 (de) | 1993-09-09 |
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Legal Events
| Date | Code | Title | Description |
|---|---|---|---|
| PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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| 17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19920804 |
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| AK | Designated contracting states |
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| 17Q | First examination report despatched |
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| GRAA | (expected) grant |
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