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EP0486884B1 - Method for making hybrid yarn - Google Patents

Method for making hybrid yarn Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0486884B1
EP0486884B1 EP91118964A EP91118964A EP0486884B1 EP 0486884 B1 EP0486884 B1 EP 0486884B1 EP 91118964 A EP91118964 A EP 91118964A EP 91118964 A EP91118964 A EP 91118964A EP 0486884 B1 EP0486884 B1 EP 0486884B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
thermoplastic
fibers
strip
fibre strip
yarn
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91118964A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0486884A1 (en
Inventor
Regina Laws
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cytec Technology Corp
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Cytec Technology Corp
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Publication date
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Publication of EP0486884A1 publication Critical patent/EP0486884A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0486884B1 publication Critical patent/EP0486884B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D02—YARNS; MECHANICAL FINISHING OF YARNS OR ROPES; WARPING OR BEAMING
    • D02G—CRIMPING OR CURLING FIBRES, FILAMENTS, THREADS, OR YARNS; YARNS OR THREADS
    • D02G3/00—Yarns or threads, e.g. fancy yarns; Processes or apparatus for the production thereof, not otherwise provided for
    • D02G3/22—Yarns or threads characterised by constructional features, e.g. blending, filament/fibre
    • D02G3/40—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads
    • D02G3/402—Yarns in which fibres are united by adhesives; Impregnated yarns or threads the adhesive being one component of the yarn, i.e. thermoplastic yarn

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method for producing blended yarn with improved processability according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • thermoplastic fibers and reinforcing fibers are homogeneously mixed together.
  • Such yarn can be - in the form of textile fabrics, e.g. of scrims or fabrics - easily deform and drape into three-dimensional structures. By pressing these structures at temperatures above the softening point of the thermoplastic, high-quality fiber composite materials are created.
  • EP-B 156 599 describes a generic method for producing a blended yarn in which a thermoplastic fiber cable and a carbon fiber cable are each spread apart and then brought together again and mixed intimately.
  • the two fiber cables should be spread to a practically identical width.
  • the mixed yarn produced in this way can be provided with a size and, among other things, processed into a fabric. It has now been shown that yarns which have been produced in accordance with EP-B 156 599 do not optimally take up the size, so that the fibers can split open during weaving and fiber breaks can occur, with the result that the laminates produced from the fabrics do not have equally good mechanical properties.
  • the invention was therefore based on the object of improving the mixed yarn produced according to EP-B 156 599 in such a way that it can optimally absorb size and can be woven without problems, so that laminates produced therefrom always have uniformly good mechanical properties, in particular good tensile strength .
  • This object is achieved in that the spread is carried out so that the reinforcing fiber band is 20 to 100% wider than the thermoplastic fiber band.
  • fibers When the term “fibers” is used in the present patent application, this means bundles of endless, parallel single filaments.
  • thermoplastic materials that can be spun into fibers are suitable for the thermoplastic fibers.
  • Prefers are semi-crystalline thermoplastics with a melting point above 50 ° C, preferably above 100 ° C.
  • Polyether ketones, polyimides, polyphenylene sulfide, polyamides, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate and liquid-crystalline polyesters are particularly suitable.
  • the fibers generally have a titer of 500 to 20,000 dtex, preferably 500 to 5000 dtex; they consist of 100 to 10,000 individual filaments with a diameter between 10 and 60 »m, preferably from 20 to 40» m.
  • Fibers made of carbon, glass, metal, boron, boron nitride, silicon carbide and aromatic polyamide are suitable as reinforcement materials.
  • Glass and in particular carbon fibers are preferred. They generally have a titer between 1,000 and 10,000 d tex; they consist of 1000 to 45,000, preferably 3000 to 12,000 individual filaments with a diameter between 3 and 150 »m.
  • the proportion of thermoplastic fibers in the blended yarn can be adjusted by a suitable choice of the titer of the thermoplastic fibers and reinforcing fibers.
  • the thermoplastic fibers can also be drawn off and brought together from several coils.
  • the thermoplastic content in the finished blended yarn should preferably be between 30 and 75% by volume, in particular between 35 and 65% by volume.
  • the figure shows schematically the sequence of the method according to the invention.
  • Carbon fibers (1a) and thermoplastic fibers (1b) are drawn off from spools (2a) and (2b).
  • the fibers then pass through the spreading devices (3a) or (3b).
  • the spreading can in principle be carried out using spreading combs; devices in which the fibers are exposed to a liquid jet or a gas jet are preferred.
  • a particularly preferred air jet device is described in detail in EP-B 156 599.
  • the gas pressure should be so high that the capillary forces that hold the individual filaments together are overcome, but it must not be so high that the fibers break.
  • Air pressures of 0.05 to 1 bar are sufficient for carbon fibers; pressures between 0.05 and 2 bar can be used for thermoplastic fibers.
  • the width of the tapes formed during spreading can also be influenced by the fiber tension, which is generally between 20 and 200, preferably between 30 and 120 g.
  • the width of the bands can vary between 2 and 10 cm, preferably between 3 and 8 cm.
  • the reinforcing fiber band must be 20 to 100%, preferably 40 to 80% wider than the thermoplastic fiber band.
  • the belts are brought together via rollers or rods (4), rollers or rods preferably being arranged in such a way that the mixing belt is deflected twice. This ensures that the two types of fibers are mixed homogeneously, so that thermoplastic filaments and reinforcing material filaments are ideally distributed in the blended yarn.
  • the mixing belt can be fed to another gas jet device in which it is swirled. In some cases, this can improve the mixing.
  • the mixing belt can then be passed through a liquid bath (5) which contains a size solution.
  • a size solution e.g. those based on polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or polyacrylates.
  • the size enables further processing into textile fabrics, e.g. the weaving of the yarn.
  • the mixing belt passes through a drying device (6) in which the solvent of the size solution is removed again.
  • the band is combined into a compact cross-section in a device (7).
  • the device (7) can e.g. be a roll that has a V or U-shaped inner cross section.
  • the mixed yarn is wound on a spool (8).
  • the mixed yarn produced according to the invention can be further processed without problems on the usual looms into woven or knitted fabrics without fiber breaks. Fiber composites can then be produced from these by pressing at temperatures above the melting point of the thermoplastic.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Woven Fabrics (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein verfahren zur Herstellung von Mischgarn mit verbesserter verarbeitbarkeit gemaß dem Oberbegriff des Anspruches 1.The invention relates to a method for producing blended yarn with improved processability according to the preamble of claim 1.

Bei der Art von Mischgarn, auf die sich die Erfindung bezieht, sind endlose Thermoplastfasern und Verstärkungsfasern homogen miteinander vermischt . Solches Garn läßt sich - in Form textilen Flächengebilden, z.B. von Gelegen oder Geweben - leicht verformen und zu dreidimensionalen Gebilden drapieren. Durch Verpressen dieser Gebilde bei Temperaturen oberhalb des Erweichungspunktes des Thermoplasten entstehen hochwertige Faserverbundwerkstoffe.In the type of blended yarn to which the invention relates, endless thermoplastic fibers and reinforcing fibers are homogeneously mixed together. Such yarn can be - in the form of textile fabrics, e.g. of scrims or fabrics - easily deform and drape into three-dimensional structures. By pressing these structures at temperatures above the softening point of the thermoplastic, high-quality fiber composite materials are created.

In der EP-B 156 599 ist ein gattungsgemäßes Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Mischgarns beschrieben, bei dem ein Thermoplast-Faserkabel und ein KohlenstoffFaserkabel jeweils für sich gespreizt und anschließend wieder zusammengeführt und innig vermischt werden.EP-B 156 599 describes a generic method for producing a blended yarn in which a thermoplastic fiber cable and a carbon fiber cable are each spread apart and then brought together again and mixed intimately.

Die beiden Faserkabel sollen dabei zu praktisch identischer Breite gespreizt werden. Das so hergestellte Mischgarn kann mit einer Schlichte versehen und u.a. zu einem Gewebe weiterverarbeitet werden. Es hat sich nun gezeigt, daß Garne, die nach EP-B 156 599 hergestellt worden sind, die Schlichte nicht optimal aufnehmen, so daß beim Weben die Fasern aufspleißen und Faserbrüche auftreten können, was zur Folge hat, daß die aus den Geweben hergestellten Laminate nicht gleichmäßig gute mechanische Eigenschaften aufweisen.The two fiber cables should be spread to a practically identical width. The mixed yarn produced in this way can be provided with a size and, among other things, processed into a fabric. It has now been shown that yarns which have been produced in accordance with EP-B 156 599 do not optimally take up the size, so that the fibers can split open during weaving and fiber breaks can occur, with the result that the laminates produced from the fabrics do not have equally good mechanical properties.

Der Erfindung lag also die Aufgabe zugrunde, das nach EP-B 156 599 hergestellte Mischgarn so zu verbessern, daß es optimal Schlichte aufnehmen kann und problemlos verwebt werden kann, so daß daraus hergestellte Laminate stets gleichmäßig gute mechanische Eigenschaften, insbesondere eine gute Zugfestigkeit, aufweisen.The invention was therefore based on the object of improving the mixed yarn produced according to EP-B 156 599 in such a way that it can optimally absorb size and can be woven without problems, so that laminates produced therefrom always have uniformly good mechanical properties, in particular good tensile strength .

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß die Spreizung so durchgeführt wird, daß das Verstärkungsfaserband um 20 bis 100 % breiter ist als das Thermoplastfaserband.This object is achieved in that the spread is carried out so that the reinforcing fiber band is 20 to 100% wider than the thermoplastic fiber band.

Wenn in der vorliegenden Patentanmeldung die Rede von "Fasern'' ist, so sind dabei Bündel von endlosen, parallelen Einzelfilamenten gemeint.When the term "fibers" is used in the present patent application, this means bundles of endless, parallel single filaments.

Für die Thermoplastfasern kommen grundsätzlich alle thermoplastischen Kunststoffe in Frage, die zu Fasern versponnen werden können. Bevorzugt sind teilkristalline Thermoplasten mit einem Schmelzpunkt oberhalb von 50°C, vorzugsweise oberhalb von 100°C. Besonders geeignet sind Polyetherketone, Polyimide, Polyphenylensulfid, Polyamide, Polybutylenterephthalat, Polyethylenterephthalat und flüssig-kristalline Polyester. Die Fasern weisen im allgemeinen einen Titer von 500 bis 20000 dtex, vorzugsweise 500 bis 5000 dtex, auf; sie bestehen aus 100 bis 10.000 Einzelfilamenten mit einem Durchmesser zwischen 10 und 60 »m, vorzugsweise von 20 bis 40 »m.In principle, all thermoplastic materials that can be spun into fibers are suitable for the thermoplastic fibers. Prefers are semi-crystalline thermoplastics with a melting point above 50 ° C, preferably above 100 ° C. Polyether ketones, polyimides, polyphenylene sulfide, polyamides, polybutylene terephthalate, polyethylene terephthalate and liquid-crystalline polyesters are particularly suitable. The fibers generally have a titer of 500 to 20,000 dtex, preferably 500 to 5000 dtex; they consist of 100 to 10,000 individual filaments with a diameter between 10 and 60 »m, preferably from 20 to 40» m.

Als Verstärkungsmaterialien kommen Fasern aus Kohlenstoff, Glas, Metall, Bor, Bornitrid, Siliciumcarbid sowie aromatischem Polyamid in Frage. Bevorzugt sind Glas- und insbesondere Kohlenstoffasern. Sie weisen im allgemeinen einen Titer zwischen 1.000 und 10.000 d tex auf; sie bestehen aus 1000 bis 45.000, vorzugsweise 3000 bis 12.000 Einzelfilamenten mit einem Durchmesser zwischen 3 und 150 »m.Fibers made of carbon, glass, metal, boron, boron nitride, silicon carbide and aromatic polyamide are suitable as reinforcement materials. Glass and in particular carbon fibers are preferred. They generally have a titer between 1,000 and 10,000 d tex; they consist of 1000 to 45,000, preferably 3000 to 12,000 individual filaments with a diameter between 3 and 150 »m.

Der Anteil der Thermoplastfasern im Mischgarn kann durch geeignete Wahl des Titers der Thermoplastfasern und Verstärkungsfasern eingestellt werden. Außerdem können die Thermoplastfasern auch von mehreren Spulen abgezogen und zusammengeführt werden. Im fertigen Mischgarn soll der Thermoplastgehalt vorzugsweise zwischen 30 und 75 Vol.-%, insbesondere zwischen 35 und 65 Vol.-% liegen.The proportion of thermoplastic fibers in the blended yarn can be adjusted by a suitable choice of the titer of the thermoplastic fibers and reinforcing fibers. In addition, the thermoplastic fibers can also be drawn off and brought together from several coils. The thermoplastic content in the finished blended yarn should preferably be between 30 and 75% by volume, in particular between 35 and 65% by volume.

Die Abbildung zeigt schematisch den Ablauf des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens. Kohlenstoffasern (1a) und Thermoplastfasern (1b) werden von Spulen (2a) bzw. (2b) abgezogen. Anschließend durchlaufen die Fasern die Spreizvorrichtungen (3a) bzw. (3b). Die Spreizung kann grundsätzlich über Spreizkämme erfolgen, bevorzugt sind Vorrichtungen, in denen die Fasern einem Flüssigkeitsstrahl oder einem Gasstrahl ausgesetzt sind. Eine besonders bevorzugte Luftstrahl-Vorrichtung ist in EP-B 156 599 ausführlich beschrieben. Der Gasdruck soll dabei so hoch sein, daß die Kapillarkräfte, welche die Einzelfilamente zusammenhalten, überwunden werden, er darf aber nicht so hoch sein, daß die Fasern brechen. Bei Kohlenstoffasern sind Luftdrücke von 0,05 bis 1 bar ausreichend, bei Thermoplastfasern können Drücke zwischen 0,05 und 2 bar angewandt werden.The figure shows schematically the sequence of the method according to the invention. Carbon fibers (1a) and thermoplastic fibers (1b) are drawn off from spools (2a) and (2b). The fibers then pass through the spreading devices (3a) or (3b). The spreading can in principle be carried out using spreading combs; devices in which the fibers are exposed to a liquid jet or a gas jet are preferred. A particularly preferred air jet device is described in detail in EP-B 156 599. The gas pressure should be so high that the capillary forces that hold the individual filaments together are overcome, but it must not be so high that the fibers break. Air pressures of 0.05 to 1 bar are sufficient for carbon fibers; pressures between 0.05 and 2 bar can be used for thermoplastic fibers.

Die Breite der beim Spreizen entstehenden Bänder kann außer durch den Druck der auftreffenden Flüssigkeit oder Luft auch noch durch die Faserspannung beeinflußt werden, die im allgemeinen zwischen 20 und 200, vorzugsweise zwischen 30 und 120 g liegt. Die Breite der Bänder kann zwischen 2 und 10 cm, vorzugsweise zwischen 3 und 8 cm schwanken. Erfindungsgemäß muß das Verstärkungsfaserband um 20 bis 100 %, vorzugsweise um 40 bis 80 % breiter sein als das Thermoplastfaserband.In addition to the pressure of the liquid or air impinging on it, the width of the tapes formed during spreading can also be influenced by the fiber tension, which is generally between 20 and 200, preferably between 30 and 120 g. The width of the bands can vary between 2 and 10 cm, preferably between 3 and 8 cm. According to the invention, the reinforcing fiber band must be 20 to 100%, preferably 40 to 80% wider than the thermoplastic fiber band.

Nach dem Spreizen werden die Bänder über Rollen oder Stäbe (4) zusammengeführt, wobei vorzugsweise Rollen bzw. Stäbe so angeordnet sind, daß das Mischband zweimal umgelenkt wird. Dadurch wird erreicht, daß die beiden Faserarten homogen gemischt werden, so daß im Idealfall Thermoplastfilamente und Verstärkungsmaterial-Filamente im Mischgarn statistisch verteilt sind. Zusätzlich zu den Rollen bzw. Stäben kann das Mischband noch einer weiteren Gasstrahlvorrichtung zugeführt werden, in der es verwirbelt wird. Dadurch kann in manchen Fällen die Vermischung noch verbessert werden.After spreading, the belts are brought together via rollers or rods (4), rollers or rods preferably being arranged in such a way that the mixing belt is deflected twice. This ensures that the two types of fibers are mixed homogeneously, so that thermoplastic filaments and reinforcing material filaments are ideally distributed in the blended yarn. In addition to the rollers or rods, the mixing belt can be fed to another gas jet device in which it is swirled. In some cases, this can improve the mixing.

Das Mischband kann anschließend durch ein Flüssigkeitsbad (5) geführt werden, welches eine Schlichtelösung enthält. Geeignet sind übliche Textilschlichten, z.B. solche auf Basis von Polyvinylalkohol, Polyvinylpyrrolidon oder Polyacrylaten. Die Schlichte ermöglicht das Weiterverarbeiten zu textilen Flächengebilden, z.B. das Verweben des Garns. Nach dem Schlichtebad durchläuft das Mischband eine Trocknungsvorrichtung (6), in der das Lösungsmittel der Schlichtelösung wieder entfernt wird. Dann wird in einer Vorrichtung (7) das Band zu einem kompakten Querschnitt zusammengefaßt. Die Vorrichtung (7) kann z.B. eine Rolle sein, die einen V- oder U-förmigen Innenquerschnitt hat. Schließlich wird das Mischgarn auf einer Spule (8) aufgewickelt.The mixing belt can then be passed through a liquid bath (5) which contains a size solution. Usual textile sizes are suitable, e.g. those based on polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinyl pyrrolidone or polyacrylates. The size enables further processing into textile fabrics, e.g. the weaving of the yarn. After the size bath, the mixing belt passes through a drying device (6) in which the solvent of the size solution is removed again. Then the band is combined into a compact cross-section in a device (7). The device (7) can e.g. be a roll that has a V or U-shaped inner cross section. Finally, the mixed yarn is wound on a spool (8).

Das erfindungsgemäß hergestellte Mischgarn kann problemlos, ohne daß es zu Faserbrüchen kommt, auf üblichen Webstühlen zu Geweben oder Gewirken weiterverarbeitet werden. Aus diesen können dann durch Verpressen bei Temperaturen oberhalb des Schmelzpunktes des Thermoplasten Faserverbundwerkstoffe hergestellt werden.The mixed yarn produced according to the invention can be further processed without problems on the usual looms into woven or knitted fabrics without fiber breaks. Fiber composites can then be produced from these by pressing at temperatures above the melting point of the thermoplastic.

Claims (3)

  1. A method for the manufacture of mixed yarn, wherein fibres of a thermoplastic material (1b) and fibres of a reinforcement material (1a) are each individually splayed out into a strip of parallel individual filaments, the two strips are brought together via bars or rollers (4), are homogenously mixed, provided with a size and are again combined to form a compact cross-section, characterised in that the splaying is effected such that the reinforcement fibre strip is 20 to 100% wider than the thermoplastic fibre strip.
  2. A method according to Claim 1, characterised in that the reinforcement fibre strip is 40 to 80% wider than the thermoplastic fibre strip.
  3. A method according to Claim 1 or 2, characterised in that when the two strips are brought together a gas jet device for swirling is additionally used.
EP91118964A 1990-11-20 1991-11-07 Method for making hybrid yarn Expired - Lifetime EP0486884B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4036926A DE4036926A1 (en) 1990-11-20 1990-11-20 METHOD FOR PRODUCING HYBRID YARN
DE4036926 1990-11-20

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0486884A1 EP0486884A1 (en) 1992-05-27
EP0486884B1 true EP0486884B1 (en) 1995-08-30

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EP91118964A Expired - Lifetime EP0486884B1 (en) 1990-11-20 1991-11-07 Method for making hybrid yarn

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US (1) US5177840A (en)
EP (1) EP0486884B1 (en)
JP (1) JPH04263638A (en)
CA (1) CA2054929C (en)
DE (2) DE4036926A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2076443T3 (en)

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE4036926A1 (en) 1992-05-21
CA2054929C (en) 1996-09-03
DE59106368D1 (en) 1995-10-05
EP0486884A1 (en) 1992-05-27
US5177840A (en) 1993-01-12
CA2054929A1 (en) 1992-05-12
ES2076443T3 (en) 1995-11-01
JPH04263638A (en) 1992-09-18

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