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EP0483554B1 - Verfahren zur Minimierung der NOx-Emissionen aus einer Verbrennung - Google Patents

Verfahren zur Minimierung der NOx-Emissionen aus einer Verbrennung Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0483554B1
EP0483554B1 EP91117113A EP91117113A EP0483554B1 EP 0483554 B1 EP0483554 B1 EP 0483554B1 EP 91117113 A EP91117113 A EP 91117113A EP 91117113 A EP91117113 A EP 91117113A EP 0483554 B1 EP0483554 B1 EP 0483554B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
burner
flow
bodies
nozzle
combustion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91117113A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0483554A1 (de
Inventor
Manfred Dr. Aigner
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
ABB AB
Original Assignee
ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Asea Brown Boveri AB
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd, Asea Brown Boveri AB filed Critical ABB Asea Brown Boveri Ltd
Publication of EP0483554A1 publication Critical patent/EP0483554A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0483554B1 publication Critical patent/EP0483554B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D11/00—Burners using a direct spraying action of liquid droplets or vaporised liquid into the combustion space
    • F23D11/36—Details, e.g. burner cooling means, noise reduction means
    • F23D11/40—Mixing tubes or chambers; Burner heads
    • F23D11/402—Mixing chambers downstream of the nozzle
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23D—BURNERS
    • F23D17/00—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel
    • F23D17/002—Burners for combustion conjointly or alternatively of gaseous or liquid or pulverulent fuel gaseous or liquid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23L—SUPPLYING AIR OR NON-COMBUSTIBLE LIQUIDS OR GASES TO COMBUSTION APPARATUS IN GENERAL ; VALVES OR DAMPERS SPECIALLY ADAPTED FOR CONTROLLING AIR SUPPLY OR DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; INDUCING DRAUGHT IN COMBUSTION APPARATUS; TOPS FOR CHIMNEYS OR VENTILATING SHAFTS; TERMINALS FOR FLUES
    • F23L7/00—Supplying non-combustible liquids or gases, other than air, to the fire, e.g. oxygen, steam
    • F23L7/002—Supplying water
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2203/00—Flame cooling methods otherwise than by staging or recirculation
    • F23C2203/30—Injection of tempering fluids
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN  A CARRIER GAS OR AIR 
    • F23C2900/00—Special features of, or arrangements for combustion apparatus using fluid fuels or solid fuels suspended in air; Combustion processes therefor
    • F23C2900/07002—Premix burners with air inlet slots obtained between offset curved wall surfaces, e.g. double cone burners

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a burner for operating a heat-generating apparatus according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a premix-like combustion of a liquid fuel in a burner without a premixing section has become known from EP-A-0 321 809.
  • the burner itself consists of at least two hollow, nested, conical partial bodies, the longitudinal axes of symmetry of which are offset from one another, in such a way that tangential air inlet slots are created as a result.
  • a nozzle forms a conical liquid fuel column that spreads in the flow direction and is enclosed by the rotating combustion air streams flowing tangentially into the burner.
  • the mixture is ignited at the end of the burner, a backflow zone being established in this area of the burner mouth.
  • the invention seeks to remedy this.
  • the invention is based on the object of supplying the water to the combustion in a burner of the type mentioned in such a way that a minimization of the NOx emissions is achieved, but this without negative effects on the combustion in To cause an increase in CO emissions and other pollutants.
  • a further advantage of the invention is that when these full jets are used, in narrow burners or combustion chambers, it is avoided that the water can splash onto the walls, because then the desired reduction in NOx formation would not occur from the combustion process.
  • the burner A according to FIG. 1 consists of two half hollow partial cone bodies 1, 2, which are radially offset with respect to one another with respect to their longitudinal axis of symmetry and stand on one another.
  • the offset of the respective longitudinal axis of symmetry 1b, 2b to one another creates a tangential inlet slot 19, 20 on both sides of the partial cone body 1, 2 in the opposite inflow arrangement (see FIG. 2-4) through which a combustion air flow 15 into the interior of the burner A, that is, flows into a conical cavity 14 formed by both partial cone bodies 1, 2.
  • the conical shape of the partial conical bodies 1, 2 shown in the direction of flow has a certain fixed angle.
  • the partial cone bodies 1, 2 can be progressive in the direction of flow or have degressive cone angles.
  • the two last-mentioned embodiments are not included in the drawing, since they can easily be reread. Which form will ultimately be used essentially depends on the parameters specified in the combustion environment.
  • the two partial cone bodies 1, 2 each have a cylindrical initial part 1a, 2a, which, analogous to the partial cone bodies 1, 2, are offset from one another, so that the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20 are present continuously over the entire length of the burner A.
  • a nozzle 3 is accommodated in this cylindrical starting part 1a, 2a, the injection 4 of a preferably liquid fuel 12 coinciding with the narrowest cross section of the conical cavity 14 formed by the two partial cone bodies 1, 2.
  • a gaseous fuel or a mixture of different fuels in different physical states can also be burned.
  • This fuel injection 4 is preferably placed in the center of the nozzle.
  • the nozzle 3 also has a number of further injections 18, via which water 24 is injected into the conical cavity 14.
  • the number of these water jets 18 and their circumferential placement on the end face of the nozzle 3 essentially depends on the size of the burner A and on its combustion characteristics.
  • the water jets 18 are preferably to be provided in such a way that they form a ring with respect to the fuel injection 4. wherein the distance to the center of the nozzle 3 is discussed in more detail below.
  • the burner A can be provided in a purely conical manner, that is to say without cylindrical starting parts 1a, 2a.
  • Both partial cone bodies 1, 2 each have a fuel line 8, 9 provided with openings 17, through which a gaseous fuel 13 is fed, which in turn admixes the combustion air 15 flowing into the conical cavity 14 through the tangential air inlet slots 19, 20 becomes.
  • the fuel lines 8, 9 are preferably to be provided at the end of the tangential inflow, immediately before entering the conical cavity 14, in order to achieve an optimal speed-related admixture 16 between the fuel 13 and the inflowing combustion air 15.
  • an optimal speed-related admixture 16 between the fuel 13 and the inflowing combustion air 15.
  • the outlet opening of the burner A merges into a front wall 10, in which bores (not shown in the figure) can be provided, in order to be able to introduce dilution air or cooling air into the front part of the combustion chamber 22 if necessary.
  • the tapered liquid combustion profile 5 is enclosed by the combustion air 15 flowing in tangentially and a further combustion air flow 15a brought axially around the nozzle 3.
  • the concentration of the liquid fuel 12 is continuously reduced by the combustion air streams 15, 15a introduced.
  • gaseous fuel 13 is used via the fuel lines 8, 9, the mixture formation with the combustion air 15 takes place, as has already been briefly explained above, directly in the area of the air inlet slots 19, 20, at the entry into the conical hollow body 14
  • the optimal homogeneous fuel concentration over the cross section is achieved in the area of the vortex burst, ie in the area of the backflow zone 6. Ignition takes place at the top of the backflow zone 6.
  • a flashback of the flame into the interior of the burner A as can always occur latently in known premixing sections, while remedial measures are sought there with complicated flame holders is not to be feared here.
  • the combustion air 15 is preheated.
  • These water jets 11 then burst in the interior of the flame, in such a way that the water is distributed, but in a very small area, exactly where there is the potential risk of NOx emissions being formed. This prevents the entire flame body from being acted on, which would lead to instabilities, flame pulsations and poor burnout, which would result in a surge in CO emissions.
  • the alignment of these water jets 11 from the nozzle 3 is to be provided in such a way that firstly penetration of the flame front 7 is ensured and secondly has a selective effect on those zones where there is a potential for NOx emissions to occur.
  • the design of the burner A is particularly suitable, given the given overall length of the burner A, of changing the size of the tangential combustion air inlet slots 19, 20 by pushing the partial cone bodies 1, 2 towards or away from one another, as a result of which the distance between the two central axes 1b, 2b reduced or enlarges accordingly
  • the gap size of the tangential combustion air inlet slots 19, 20 changed, as can be seen particularly well from FIGS. 4-6.
  • the partial cone bodies 1, 2 can also be displaced relative to one another in another plane, as a result of which even an overlap thereof can be controlled. Yes, it is even possible to move the partial cone bodies 1, 2 spirally into one another by a counter-rotating movement, or to move the partial cone bodies 1, 2 against one another by an axial movement. It is therefore possible to vary the shape and size of the tangential combustion air inlet slots 19, 20 as desired, with which burner A covers a certain operating range without changing its overall length.
  • the guide plates 21a, 21b show the geometric configuration of the guide plates 21a, 21b. They have a flow introduction function, these guide plates, depending on their length, extending the respective end of the partial cone bodies 1, 2 in the direction of flow of the combustion air 15.
  • the channeling of the combustion air 15 into the conical cavity 14 can be optimized by opening or closing the guide plates 21a, 21b about a pivot point 23 located in the area of the entrance to the cavity 14; this is particularly necessary if the original gap size of the tangential combustion air inlet slots 19, 20 is changed.
  • the burner A can also be operated without baffles 21a, 21b, or other aids can be provided for this.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Pre-Mixing And Non-Premixing Gas Burner (AREA)
EP91117113A 1990-11-02 1991-10-08 Verfahren zur Minimierung der NOx-Emissionen aus einer Verbrennung Expired - Lifetime EP0483554B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
CH3487/90A CH682009A5 (es) 1990-11-02 1990-11-02
CH3487/90 1990-11-02

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0483554A1 EP0483554A1 (de) 1992-05-06
EP0483554B1 true EP0483554B1 (de) 1995-12-20

Family

ID=4257057

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91117113A Expired - Lifetime EP0483554B1 (de) 1990-11-02 1991-10-08 Verfahren zur Minimierung der NOx-Emissionen aus einer Verbrennung

Country Status (7)

Country Link
US (1) US5284437A (es)
EP (1) EP0483554B1 (es)
JP (1) JP2999311B2 (es)
CA (1) CA2054043A1 (es)
CH (1) CH682009A5 (es)
DE (1) DE59107119D1 (es)
PL (1) PL292124A1 (es)

Families Citing this family (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
KR970700845A (ko) * 1994-01-24 1997-02-12 퀼, 노르트만 가스 터빈용 연소실(combustion chamber for a gas turbine)
DE19520292A1 (de) * 1995-06-02 1996-12-05 Abb Management Ag Verfahren zum Betreiben einer Brennkammer einer Gasturbogruppe
EP0754908B2 (de) * 1995-07-20 2001-04-18 DVGW Deutscher Verein des Gas- und Wasserfaches -Technisch-wissenschaftliche Vereinigung- Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Unterdrückung von Flammen-/Druckschwingungen bei einer Feuerung
US5707596A (en) * 1995-11-08 1998-01-13 Process Combustion Corporation Method to minimize chemically bound nox in a combustion process
ATE216052T1 (de) * 1996-02-07 2002-04-15 Dvgw Deutscher Ver Des Gas Und Verfahren und vorrichtung zur unterdrückung von flammen-/druckschwingungen bei einer feuerung
EP0911582B1 (de) * 1997-10-27 2003-12-10 ALSTOM (Switzerland) Ltd Verfahren zum Betrieb eines Vormischbrenners und Vormischbrenner
EP0918191B1 (de) * 1997-11-21 2003-07-02 Alstom Brenner für den Betrieb eines Wärmeerzeugers
DE10049203A1 (de) * 2000-10-05 2002-05-23 Alstom Switzerland Ltd Verfahren zur Brennstoffeinleitung in einen Vormischbrenner
EP2700879B1 (en) * 2012-08-24 2019-03-27 Ansaldo Energia Switzerland AG Method for mixing a dilution air in a sequential combustion system of a gas turbine, and sequential combustion system for a gas turbine comprising dilution air injector
MX370842B (es) * 2013-06-17 2020-01-08 Schlumberger Technology Bv Montaje de quemador para encender gases de bajo contenido calorifico.
US10227932B2 (en) * 2016-11-30 2019-03-12 General Electric Company Emissions modeling for gas turbine engines for selecting an actual fuel split
CN107906514B (zh) * 2017-12-04 2024-04-09 安德森热能科技（苏州）有限责任公司 一种扁平焰低氮燃烧器

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3021673A (en) * 1957-01-10 1962-02-20 Bendix Corp Water injection system for gas turbine engines
FR2154901A5 (es) * 1971-09-29 1973-05-18 Flopetrol
US3748080A (en) * 1971-12-27 1973-07-24 Peabody Engineering Corp Combustion control apparatus using a liquid spray
US3797992A (en) * 1972-12-15 1974-03-19 Combustion Unltd Inc Crude oil burner
US3861857A (en) * 1974-01-14 1975-01-21 John F Straitz Flammable liquid waste burner
FR2289849A1 (fr) * 1974-11-04 1976-05-28 Rothlisberger Henri Perfectionnement aux bruleurs de chaudieres utilisant un combustible liquide
JPS5461328A (en) * 1977-10-22 1979-05-17 Kubota Ltd Burner equipment
US4257763A (en) * 1978-06-19 1981-03-24 John Zink Company Low NOx burner
JPS5596809A (en) * 1979-01-19 1980-07-23 Toshiba Corp Combustor
GB2050592B (en) * 1979-06-06 1983-03-16 Rolls Royce Gas turbine
CH674561A5 (es) * 1987-12-21 1990-06-15 Bbc Brown Boveri & Cie
CH678568A5 (es) * 1989-03-15 1991-09-30 Asea Brown Boveri

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59107119D1 (de) 1996-02-01
EP0483554A1 (de) 1992-05-06
JP2999311B2 (ja) 2000-01-17
CA2054043A1 (en) 1992-05-03
CH682009A5 (es) 1993-06-30
JPH06341611A (ja) 1994-12-13
US5284437A (en) 1994-02-08
PL292124A1 (en) 1992-05-04

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