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EP0475802A1 - Klystron mit breitem Augenblicksband - Google Patents

Klystron mit breitem Augenblicksband Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0475802A1
EP0475802A1 EP91402223A EP91402223A EP0475802A1 EP 0475802 A1 EP0475802 A1 EP 0475802A1 EP 91402223 A EP91402223 A EP 91402223A EP 91402223 A EP91402223 A EP 91402223A EP 0475802 A1 EP0475802 A1 EP 0475802A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
cavity
frequency
cavities
klystron
central
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91402223A
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English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Georges Faillon
Christophe Bastien
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Thales Electron Devices SA
Original Assignee
Thomson Tubes Electroniques
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thomson Tubes Electroniques filed Critical Thomson Tubes Electroniques
Publication of EP0475802A1 publication Critical patent/EP0475802A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J23/00—Details of transit-time tubes of the types covered by group H01J25/00
    • H01J23/16—Circuit elements, having distributed capacitance and inductance, structurally associated with the tube and interacting with the discharge
    • H01J23/18—Resonators
    • H01J23/20—Cavity resonators; Adjustment or tuning thereof
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J25/00—Transit-time tubes, e.g. klystrons, travelling-wave tubes, magnetrons
    • H01J25/02—Tubes with electron stream modulated in velocity or density in a modulator zone and thereafter giving up energy in an inducing zone, the zones being associated with one or more resonators
    • H01J25/10—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator
    • H01J25/12—Klystrons, i.e. tubes having two or more resonators, without reflection of the electron stream, and in which the stream is modulated mainly by velocity in the zone of the input resonator with pencil-like electron stream in the axis of the resonators

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to amplifier klystrons with large instantaneous bandwidth. It applies to both single-beam and multi-beam klystrons.
  • the instantaneous bandwidth is the frequency band in which the gain of the tube is greater than a limit, for example 1 dB below its maximum value.
  • a single-beam amplifier klystron is a microwave tube with speed modulation of an electron beam. Its principle is based on the interaction between a longitudinal electron beam and electromagnetic fields induced in resonant cavities. The electrical component of the electromagnetic field is parallel to the axis of the electron beam. A focusing device surrounds the cavities. This device prevents the electron beam from diverging. The magnetic field created by this device is parallel to the axis of the electron beam.
  • the cavities are placed one after the other along the axis of the electron beam. They are separated by sliding tubes which are tubes of small diameter. The interval between two sliding tubes is an interaction space.
  • the electron beam formed in a barrel, successively crosses the resonant cavities and the sliding tubes.
  • a microwave wave to be amplified is introduced into the first cavity or input cavity; the last cavity or outlet cavity is connected to a user member.
  • the electron beam acquires a speed modulation. This speed modulation becomes density modulation in the sliding tube placed downstream of the first cavity and this makes it possible to excite the second cavity.
  • the electrons gather in increasingly dense packets. These packets are obtained by the action of all the cavities except the last one and by the passive action of the sliding tubes.
  • the cavities modulate the speed of the electron beam. In the sliding tubes, fast electrons catch up with slower electrons.
  • the electron beam In the last cavity, the electron beam, highly modulated, gives up its energy, by braking, to the electromagnetic field of this cavity and this energy propagates to the organ of use.
  • a multibeam klystron includes one or more cannons that produce multiple parallel longitudinal electron beams. These electron beams pass through a succession of cavities. A cavity is crossed by all the beams. Two successive cavities are connected by as many sliding tubes as there are electron beams. The operation of a multibeam klystron is comparable to that of a single-beam klystron.
  • the instantaneous bandwidth measured at -1 dB will be low, of the order of 1% for example.
  • the technique used is that of amplifiers with offset chords: it consists in tuning each cavity on a frequency different from that of its neighbors.
  • the gain curve as a function of the frequency of a cavity, associated with its two sliding tubes resembles that of a parallel R, L, C circuit, near its resonant frequency with a maximum, but it also presents a minimum for a certain frequency generally higher than the resonant frequency.
  • the length of a sliding tube is expressed in standard terms in plasma degrees.
  • An instantaneous broadband klystron with four cavities, has its input cavity and its output cavity tuned to the center frequency Fo of the bandwidth that the klystron must have.
  • the second cavity is generally tuned to a frequency lower than the central frequency Fo while the third cavity is tuned to a frequency higher than the central frequency Fo.
  • arrangements are made for the second cavity and the third cavity each to have tubes adjacent sliding length such that their sum is substantially equal to 180 degrees of plasma.
  • the total length of the klystron sliding tubes is then substantially equal to 270 degrees of plasma.
  • the klystron has more than four cavities, it is customary to limit the total length of its slide tubes to about 270 degrees of plasma. This value of 270 degrees of plasma is not to be observed very rigorously and it can, on the other hand, be modified according to other characteristics.
  • cavities can be added to widen the bandwidth of the klystron and these cavities are preferably tuned to frequencies higher than the central frequency Fo.
  • the cavities that we add beyond the sixth or seventh no longer contribute much to increasing the bandwidth of the klystron.
  • the added cavities are extremely close to each other, they should even overlap which is not possible. In any case, the construction of the tube becomes difficult. The best instantaneous bandwidths obtained generally do not exceed 10%.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks and proposes a klystron with instantaneous bandwidth, at least one and a half times wider than that which can be obtained by the current art.
  • the present invention consists in giving lengths to the sliding tubes and resonant frequencies to the cavities which make it possible to optimize the bandwidth of the tube without modifying its operation.
  • At least one sliding tube connected to the intermediate cavity and disposed downstream of said intermediate cavity has a length greater than or equal to 135 degrees of plasma.
  • the klystron may include at least one additional cavity disposed in the third block, between the second central cavity and the outlet cavity.
  • the quantity H is equal to 90 degrees + a and in the third block, the quantity H is equal to 90 degrees - a, a being a second quantity of absolute value less than or equal to 45 degrees of plasma.
  • the intermediate cavity and the first central cavity are preferably tuned to decreasing frequencies and lower than the central frequency of the band.
  • the second central cavity and the additional cavity are preferably tuned to increasing frequencies higher than the central frequency of the band.
  • the input cavity is tuned to a frequency substantially equal to the central frequency of the band.
  • the output cavity is tuned to a frequency substantially equal to the center frequency of the band.
  • the klystron can be either single-beam or multi-beam.
  • FIG. 1 schematically represents a single-beam klystron according to the prior art.
  • This klystron has an electron gun 7 which produces an electron beam 8 towards a collector 9.
  • the electron beam 8 passes through seven successive cavities, among which there is: an inlet cavity A1 which is closest to the barrel 7, other cavities A2 to A6, an outlet cavity A7 which is closest to collector 9.
  • the cavities are connected to each other by sliding tubes 1, 2.. . , 6 which are small diameter tubes; they enter cavities.
  • the tube 1 is placed between the inlet cavity A1 and the cavity A2.
  • the tube 2 is placed between the cavity A2 and the cavity A3, etc.
  • the sliding tubes do not have the same length.
  • the tube 1 has a length h1, the tube 2 has a length h2 and so on until h6.
  • the two tubes 1, 2 facing each other are separated by an interaction space 11 which is often narrow compared to the dimensions of the cavity.
  • the input cavity A1 is connected by a coupling device 10 intended to introduce a microwave wave to be amplified. This wave is produced by a generator not shown.
  • the output cavity A7 is connected to a coupling device 12 intended to collect the microwave wave after amplification.
  • the tube is at offset frequencies.
  • the input cavity A1 and the output cavity A7 are tuned respectively to frequencies F1, F7, substantially equal to the center frequency Fo of the pass band of the klystron.
  • the coupling between the cavity A1 and the generator is adjusted so that the frequency response curve of the cavity A1 covers, even unevenly, the bandwidth of the klystron. This curve is represented with the reference 21 in FIG. 2.
  • the output cavity A7 does not participate in the gain of the klystron. Its role is to extract the microwave power created by all the previous cavities. It must cover all the desired bandwidth. Its frequency response curve has not been shown in FIG. 2.
  • the cavity A2 is tuned to a frequency F2 included in the pass band of the klystron and less than Fo.
  • the lengths h1, h2 of its two adjacent sliding tubes 1, 2 are long, of the order of 90 degrees of plasma.
  • the frequency response of the cavity A2 will have its minimum gain rejected beyond the maximum frequency of the bandwidth of the klystron.
  • the frequency response of the cavity A2 bears the reference 22 in FIG. 2.
  • the cavity A3 is tuned to a frequency F3 included in the bandwidth of the klystron and greater than Fo. Its frequency response curve bears the reference 23 in FIG. 2.
  • the cavity A4 is tuned on a frequency F4 greater than F3, the cavity A5 is tuned on a frequency F5 greater than F4 and so on ...
  • the frequencies F4 to F6 are included in the bandwidth of the klystron or slightly higher.
  • Their frequency response curves respectively bear the references 24, 25, 26 in FIG. 2.
  • the dotted curve 27 represents the frequency response curve of the klystron.
  • the sum of the lengths of all the sliding tubes is made to be close to 270 degrees of plasma.
  • the first block I comprises the inlet cavity A1 and the sliding tube 1.
  • the second block II comprises the cavity A2, the sliding tube 2 and the cavity A3.
  • the cavity A2 has a frequency F2 lower than Fo. It is the only cavity to be tuned to a frequency lower than Fo in the example described.
  • the tube has other cavities tuned on a frequency lower than Fo.
  • the cavity A3 is the first cavity, crossed by the electrons, which is tuned on a frequency higher than Fo.
  • block II will comprise the last cavity crossed by the electrons, tuned on a frequency lower than Fo and the first cavity crossed by the electrons, tuned on a frequency higher than Fo.
  • the last cavity tuned on a frequency lower than Fo is the cavity A2 and the first, tuned on a frequency higher than Fo, is the cavity A3.
  • the third block III comprises the sliding tubes 3, 4, 5, 6 and the cavities A4, A5, A6, A7.
  • the total length is the length of this tube, if there are several, the total length is the sum of the lengths of all the sliding tubes of the block.
  • this total length can be increased or decreased by a positive, negative or zero quantity, of absolute value less than or equal to 45 degrees of plasma.
  • h1 + h2 + h3 + h4 + h5 + h6 270 ° + b.
  • the total length of all klystron glide tubes is between 225 and 315 degrees of plasma.
  • FIG. 3 represents the actual frequency response curve of the klystron of FIG. 1.
  • a and b are respectively -19 and 0 degrees of plasma.
  • FIG. 4 schematically represents a klystron with an instantaneous broadband, according to the invention.
  • the differences between this klystron and that described in Figure 1 are located at the lengths of the sliding tubes and at the number and frequencies of the cavities.
  • the bandwidth of the klystron has a central frequency Fo, defined as the arithmetic mean of the frequencies for which the power is 1 dB below the maximum power.
  • a klystron according to the invention comprises an electron gun 30 which produces at least one electron beam 31 towards at least one collector 32.
  • This beam 31 passes through a succession of seven cavities (E, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1 , S). If there are several electron beams, each cavity is crossed by all the beams at the same time.
  • Two successive cavities are connected by at least one sliding tube (41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46). If there are several electron beams, two successive cavities are connected by as many sliding tubes as there are electron beams.
  • the sliding tubes connecting two successive cavities have a substantially equal length.
  • the klystron shown is single-beam.
  • the succession of cavities comprises a first cavity E or input cavity connected to a coupling device 33 intended to introduce a microwave wave to be amplified, a last cavity S or output cavity connected to a coupling device 34 intended to extract the microwave wave after amplification.
  • the cavity E and the cavity S are respectively tuned to frequencies FE and FS substantially equal to Fo.
  • the succession of cavities also includes a first central cavity C1 tuned to a frequency FC1 less than Fo, placed between the cavities E and S and a second central cavity C2 tuned to a frequency FC2 greater than Fo.
  • the cavity C2 is placed downstream of the cavity C1.
  • the succession of cavities comprises at least one intermediate cavity (B1, B2), placed between the cavities E and C1, tuned to a frequency lower than Fo.
  • FIG 4 there are shown two intermediate cavities B1 and B2.
  • the first intermediate cavity B1 is followed by the second intermediate cavity B2.
  • the frequencies of the two intermediate cavities are FB1 and FB2 respectively, these frequencies are less than Fo.
  • the values of the frequencies of the intermediate cavities are chosen as follows: FB1 greater than FB2 and FB2 greater than FC1.
  • the frequencies of the cavities B1, B2, C1 which follow each other from the input cavity E have decreasing values.
  • the succession of cavities can also comprise, in a conventional manner, at least one additional cavity D1 disposed between the second central cavity C2 and the output cavity S.
  • This cavity is tuned to a frequency FD1 greater than Fo.
  • FD1 greater than Fo.
  • FIG. 4 there is only one intermediate cavity D1.
  • FD1 greater than FC2. If we had placed other cavities D between D1 and the output cavity S, their frequencies would have been increasing.
  • Two successive cavities are connected by a sliding tube in a single-beam klystron and by several parallel sliding tubes in a multi-beam klystron.
  • Two sliding tubes connecting different cavities do not necessarily have the same length.
  • the sliding tubes 41, 42, 43, 44, 45, 46 having respectively the length e, b1, b2, c, d1, s.
  • This phenomenon of packetization and therefore of current modulation is periodic, of period lq / 2. Its meaning is that a sliding tube can be lengthened by n times lq / 2 (n is an integer) or by n times 180 degrees of plasma, the amplitude of the current modulation will always be the same at its end.
  • the known art ensures that the optimization of the lengths of certain sliding tubes leads to a reduction in their length and even the superposition of several cavities, which is concretely impossible.
  • This periodic phenomenon makes it possible to modify the length of the sliding tubes of the klystron, without disturbing its operation.
  • the klystron can thus be optimized in bandwidth.
  • the klystron of Figure 4 can be broken down into three blocks I, II, III as defined above.
  • Block I includes the entire part of the tube upstream of the cavity C1, that is to say the inlet cavity E, the cavity B1, the cavity B2 as well as the sliding tubes 41, 42, 43 respectively length e, b1, b2.
  • the block II comprises the cavity C1, the sliding tube 44 of length c and the cavity C2.
  • the C1 cavity is the last cavity to be tuned on a frequency lower than Fo.
  • the C2 cavity is the first cavity to be tuned on a frequency higher than Fo.
  • Block III comprises the entire part of the tube downstream of the cavity C2, that is to say the cavity D1, the cavity S and the sliding tubes 44, 45 of length d1 and s respectively.
  • the sum of the lengths of the sliding tubes if there are several, or the length of the sliding tube if it is unique is equal to:
  • H + (T x 180) degrees of plasma H being a first quantity between 45 and 135 degrees of plasma and T an integer greater than or equal to zero, T taking a value greater than or equal to one in at least one of the blocks, and in this block, the length of at least one sliding tube being greater than or equal to 135 degrees of plasma .
  • n is an integer greater than or equal to zero. In the example described, n has been given the value 0. We could give it a value other than zero.
  • a, b are positive, zero or negative quantities of absolute value less than or equal to 45 degrees of plasma. The quantities h, h ′, h ′ ′ are then between 45 and 135 degrees of plasma.
  • the lengths b1 and b2 are therefore between 135 and 180 degrees of plasma.
  • the two tubes 42, 43 are placed downstream of an intermediate cavity.
  • the total length of the klystron sliding tubes is between:
  • FIG. 5 represents the real frequency response of the klystron of FIG. 4.
  • FIG. 6 represents the real frequency response of another klystron according to the invention.
  • This klystron is single-beam and has nine cavities with offset chords: E, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, D2, D3, S.
  • the instantaneous bandwidth is wider by + 130% compared to that shown in Figure 3 .
  • the values of the frequencies and the lengths of the sliding tubes are recorded in the table n ° 3 placed at the end of the description.
  • the frequency FE is very little different from Fo.
  • Figure 7 shows a longitudinal section of a multibeam klystron according to the invention.
  • This klystron has nine cavities (E, B1, B2, C1, C2, D1, D2, D3, S) with offset chords.
  • a single electron gun 80 produces several electron beams 81 to a single collector 82. In the figure, we see only two electron beams 81, there may be more. The electron beams are parallel.
  • the successive cavities are connected together by as many sliding tubes as there are electron beams 81.
  • the tubes 91 connect the cavity E to the cavity B1, the tubes 92 the cavity B1 to the cavity B2 and so on until tubes 98.
  • the cavity E is connected to a coupling device 83 and the cavity S to another coupling device 84.
  • the lengths of the sliding tubes and the frequencies of the cavities can take, for example, the values given in table n ° 4.
  • the present invention is not limited to the examples described. Modifications can be made in particular in the choice of frequencies (FS can be different from Fo for example), the number of intermediate cavities, the number of sliding tubes of length greater than or equal to 135 degrees of plasma.
  • the first block which has a total length equal to: H + (T x 180), with T greater than or equal to one, it can also be the second block or the third block.

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  • Plasma Technology (AREA)
  • Microwave Tubes (AREA)
EP91402223A 1990-08-24 1991-08-09 Klystron mit breitem Augenblicksband Withdrawn EP0475802A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9010633 1990-08-24
FR9010633A FR2666169B1 (fr) 1990-08-24 1990-08-24 Klystron a bande passante instantanee elargie.

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0475802A1 true EP0475802A1 (de) 1992-03-18

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EP91402223A Withdrawn EP0475802A1 (de) 1990-08-24 1991-08-09 Klystron mit breitem Augenblicksband

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US (1) US5225739A (de)
EP (1) EP0475802A1 (de)
CA (1) CA2049714A1 (de)
FR (1) FR2666169B1 (de)

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2737340B1 (fr) * 1995-07-28 1997-08-22 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube electronique multifaisceau a couplage cavite/faisceau ameliore
FR2756970B1 (fr) * 1996-12-10 2003-03-07 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube hyperfrequence a interaction longitudinale a cavite a sortie au dela du collecteur
FR2764730B1 (fr) * 1997-06-13 1999-09-17 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Canon electronique pour tube electronique multifaisceau et tube electronique multifaisceau equipe de ce canon
FR2780809B1 (fr) 1998-07-03 2003-11-07 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Tube electronique multifaisceau avec champ magnetique de correction de trajectoire des faisceaux
FR2803454B1 (fr) * 1999-12-30 2003-05-16 Thomson Tubes Electroniques Generateur d'impulsions hyperfrequences integrant un compresseur d'impulsions
JP7032222B2 (ja) * 2018-04-18 2022-03-08 キヤノン電子管デバイス株式会社 クライストロン

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3195007A (en) * 1960-10-28 1965-07-13 Litton Prec Products Inc Stagger-tuned klystron with cavities resonant outside passband
JPS51115768A (en) * 1975-04-03 1976-10-12 Nec Corp Wide-band speed modurated tube

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3594606A (en) * 1970-04-15 1971-07-20 Varian Associates Velocity modulation tube employing cascaded harmonic prebunching
FR2153585A5 (de) * 1971-09-16 1973-05-04 Thomson Csf
JPS533225B2 (de) * 1972-04-18 1978-02-04
DE2963493D1 (en) * 1978-09-06 1982-09-30 Emi Varian Ltd An output section for a microwave amplifier, a microwave amplifier and a circuit for use in a microwave amplifier
JPS58186138A (ja) * 1982-04-26 1983-10-31 Toshiba Corp クライストロン装置

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3195007A (en) * 1960-10-28 1965-07-13 Litton Prec Products Inc Stagger-tuned klystron with cavities resonant outside passband
JPS51115768A (en) * 1975-04-03 1976-10-12 Nec Corp Wide-band speed modurated tube

Non-Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
NEC RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT, No. 1, Janvier 1986, Tokyo, JP, pages 101-107; NAGASHIMA et al.: "Super-High-Power Klystron for the JT-60", page 102, colonne de droite, ligne 36 - ligne 40. *
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Vol. 1, No. 18 (E-003) 24 Mars 1977; & JP-A-51 115 768 (NIPPON DENKI K.K.) 12 Octobre 1976, Abrégé. *

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FR2666169A1 (fr) 1992-02-28
FR2666169B1 (fr) 1992-10-16
US5225739A (en) 1993-07-06
CA2049714A1 (fr) 1992-02-25

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