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EP0473497A1 - Antenna device for radiation and reception of high-frequency waves - Google Patents

Antenna device for radiation and reception of high-frequency waves Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0473497A1
EP0473497A1 EP91402287A EP91402287A EP0473497A1 EP 0473497 A1 EP0473497 A1 EP 0473497A1 EP 91402287 A EP91402287 A EP 91402287A EP 91402287 A EP91402287 A EP 91402287A EP 0473497 A1 EP0473497 A1 EP 0473497A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
parasitic
antenna
rods
divider
frequency
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91402287A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0473497B1 (en
Inventor
James Audren
Patrice Brault
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Societe dEetudes et de Realisation de Protection Electronique Informatique Electronique Securite Maritime SERPE IESM SA
Original Assignee
Societe dEetudes et de Realisation de Protection Electronique Informatique Electronique Securite Maritime SERPE IESM SA
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Publication of EP0473497A1 publication Critical patent/EP0473497A1/en
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    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q19/00—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic
    • H01Q19/28—Combinations of primary active antenna elements and units with secondary devices, e.g. with quasi-optical devices, for giving the antenna a desired directional characteristic using a secondary device in the form of two or more substantially straight conductive elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q3/00—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system
    • H01Q3/44—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element
    • H01Q3/446—Arrangements for changing or varying the orientation or the shape of the directional pattern of the waves radiated from an antenna or antenna system varying the electric or magnetic characteristics of reflecting, refracting, or diffracting devices associated with the radiating element the radiating element being at the centre of one or more rings of auxiliary elements

Definitions

  • Such devices are more commonly known as electronic guidance generally consisting of several antennas connected by appropriate phase shift networks creating a combination or distribution circuit, the guidance consisting in varying one or more phase shift networks.
  • the object of the present invention is to eliminate the above drawbacks by proposing a device forming a transmitting or receiving antenna of high frequency waves with radiation pattern of variable orientation by rotation using an electronic control circuit. , and characterized in that it comprises at least three parasitic vertical conductive rods arranged concentrically with a fourth vertical central conductive rod connected to the antenna down wire and in that the parasitic rods are brought periodically at least individually to a potential of earth respectively by switching elements controlled by the control circuit so that the parasitic rod (s) to ground form with the central rod one or more tuned doublets and that the parasitic rod (s) remaining non-ground form guiding elements radiation.
  • the control circuit comprises a divider, the outputs of which deliver the control signals respectively from the switching elements in synchronism with a clock signal applied to the clock input of the divider having a frequency multiple of the frequency of each control signal or frequency of rotation of the antenna, the clock signal comprising a resetting signal part of the divider and being transmitted on a conductive line connected to the antenna down wire.
  • the control circuit further comprises a circuit for forming the clock signal comprising a microprocessor or a decoder counter delivering two control signals, one for activating or deactivating a transistor at the frequency multiple of the frequency of rotation of the antenna and the other of activation of another transistor for a period corresponding to said multiple of the frequency of rotation of the antenna at each period of rotation of the antenna, the collectors of the two transistors being connected in common and an emitter-follower transistor, the base of which is controlled by the collectors in common of the other two transistors and supplying on the aforementioned transmission line the clock signal having a low voltage level constituting the reset part of the applied divider to the latter by a reset transistor, followed by high voltage levels applied to the clock input of the divider by a transistor carried saturated by these high levels.
  • a circuit for forming the clock signal comprising a microprocessor or a decoder counter delivering two control signals, one for activating or deactivating a transistor at the frequency multiple of the frequency of rotation of the antenna and the other of activation
  • the device further comprises two inductors of sufficient values to isolate the high frequency signal passing the aforementioned transmission line of the control circuit of the switching elements.
  • the switching elements consist of diodes, the cathodes of which are connected in common to the ground potential and the anodes respectively connected to the lower ends of the parasitic rods, which are also respectively connected to the outputs of the divider of the control circuit by the intermediary of resistances.
  • the antenna according to the invention used as a direction finder, preferably comprises four vertical parasitic conductive rods 1-4 arranged symmetrically to a central vertical conductive rod 5 while being very close to the latter, for example d 'a distance of 0.14X, where is the wavelength of the high frequency signal emitted or received by the antenna.
  • the length of each of the vertical rods 1-5 corresponds to 1 / 4X.
  • the central rod 5 has its lower end electrically connected to an antenna down wire 6 connected to a transmitter or a receiver (not shown) of the high frequency signal.
  • Parasitic stems 1-4 have each of their upper ends extended by a horizontal section 1 a-4a directed towards the upper end of the central rod 5 in order to increase the capacity of the central rod 5 relative to each parasitic surrounding rod 1-4.
  • the lower ends of the parasitic rods 1-4 are respectively connected to the anodes of four variable capacity diodes 7-10, the cathodes of which are connected in common to a ground potential (0 volts).
  • the lower ends of the rods 1-4 are also respectively connected to resistors 11-14, the terminals opposite to those connected to the rods 1-4 are respectively connected to four outputs of an electronic control circuit 15.
  • the circuit 15 is adapted to periodically supply control signals VA, VB, VC, VD respectively of the diodes 7-10 through the resistors 11-14 so as to make the diodes 7-10 successively conductive and thus successively carry the parasitic rods 1-4 to the mass potential.
  • the control circuit 15 comprises an octal divider 16, known per se, whose outputs 00 to Q3 respectively deliver the control signals VA to VD of the diodes 7-10 by the resistors 7-14 in synchronism with a clock signal S obtained from a training circuit 17 which will be described later.
  • the clock input CLK of the divider 16 is connected to the common junction of two resistors R1 and R2, the resistor R1 having its other terminal connected to ground while the other terminal of the resistor R2 is connected to the collector a transistor T1, the base of which is connected to a positive supply potential and to one terminal of a capacitor C1, the other terminal of which is connected to ground.
  • the emitter of transistor T1 is connected to the cathode of a diode D1 for reverse polarization protection of the emitter base of transistor T1.
  • the anode of the diode D1 is connected to a resistor R3 also connected to the base of a transistor T2 for resetting the divider 16.
  • a resistor R4 is connected between the base of the transistor T2 and the ground.
  • the transistor T2 has its emitter connected to ground and its collector connected to the reset or reset input of the divider 16.
  • a resistor R5 also connects the collector of the transistor T2 to the positive supply potential.
  • An inductor L1 connects the anode of the diode D1 to the central conductor 18 of a coaxial cable, which conductor 18 is connected to the antenna down wire 6 via, if necessary, a capacitor C2.
  • the training circuit 17 comprises a transistor T3 connected as an emitter follower with a diode D2 protecting the base-emitter junction of the transistor T3, the emitter of which is connected to a resistor R5 in series with an inductance L2 connected to the conductor 18.
  • the collector of transistor T3 is connected to the positive supply potential and to a resistor R6, the other terminal of which is connected on the one hand to a capacitor C3 having its other terminal to ground and on the other hand to a resistor R7 having its other terminal connected to the base of transistor T3.
  • the base of the transistor T3 is thus connected by the resistor R7 to a power supply decoupled by the capacitor C3 and activated by the resistor R6 from the main power supply.
  • the circuit 17 further comprises two transistors T4 and T5, the bases of which are connected respectively to two resistors R8 and R9.
  • the collector of transistor T4 is connected to a resistor R10 having its other terminal connected to the base of transistor T3 while transistor T5 has its collector connected directly to the base of transistor T3.
  • the transistors T4 and T5 also have their emitters connected to ground.
  • the bases of transistors T4 and T5 are controlled through resistors R8 and R9 by signals from a circuit 19, which can be constituted by a microprocessor or a counter-decoder.
  • the circuit 19 is adapted to activate or deactivate the transistor T4 by a signal having a frequency four times greater than the frequency Fr of rotation of the antenna or the frequency of each control signal VA, VB, VC and VD of LED control 7-10.
  • the circuit 19 is further adapted to activate the transistor T5 by a signal for a duration corresponding to four times the frequency of rotation of the antenna Fr at each complete rotation of the antenna, that is to say that the transistor T5 is activated once each rotation of the antenna for a quarter of the rotation period.
  • the resistors R6, R7 and R10 the voltage at the conductor 18 has the form of the signal S.
  • the signal S comprises a part P1 with a voltage level of approximately 0 volts and a period of a quarter of the period corresponding to the frequency Fr and three clock parts P2-P4, each of a period corresponding to four times the frequency Fr.
  • the inductance L1 supplies the circuit delivering the VA-VD control signals; the central conductor 18 of the coaxial cable being moreover connected to the transmitter or to the receiver of the high frequency signals by means of a capacitor C4.
  • the value of each inductor L1 and L2 must be sufficient to isolate the high frequency signal passing through the conductor 18 of the circuit 15.
  • the circuit 19 drives the bases of the transistors T4 and T5 by the signals defined above and the base of the transistor T3 is controlled by the reader necks of the transistors T4 and T5 so as to provide, via the resistor R5 and the inductor L2 the signal S.
  • the current coming from the inductor L1, via the diode D1 and the transistor T1 charges the supply line of the capacitor C1 to a voltage close to the initial supply voltage, which is in fact the voltage at the capacitor C3 minus the three diode voltage drops, during the three highest voltage levels of the parts P2, P4 of the signal S.
  • the transistor T1 saturates and supplies three clock signals to the divider 16 via the resistors R1 and R2.
  • the transistor T2 is deactivated because its base voltage coming from the resistors R3 and R4 is too low.
  • the deactivated transistor T2 then supplies a positive reset pulse of the divider 16 so as to thus set up a sequence of the outputs Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3 of the divider 16 in synchronism with the waveform of the signal S.
  • the output 00 of the latter provides the voltage VA for controlling the diode 7, the outputs Q1 to Q3 being at the potential of 0 volts.
  • the antenna has been described as comprising four parasitic rods around a central rod but it is understood that the antenna can comprise three parasitic vertical rods arranged concentrically with the central vertical rod so as to be equidistant from one another 120 ° with three switching diodes associated respectively with the three parasitic rods and controlled by the control circuit 15, the divider of which would deliver on its three outputs 00 to Q3 the three control signals VA-VC for switching the corresponding diodes so as to obtain a rotation of the radiation pattern in increments of 120 0.
  • the clock signal S will comprise a part P1 for resetting the divider 16 with a duration equal to one third of the antenna rotation period and two parts P2 and P3 of high levels of one frequency three times the frequency Fr.
  • the antenna can also operate with more than four parasitic rods around the central rod without departing from the scope of the present invention.
  • the antenna can also operate by switching in diode three diodes with the remaining diode, in the case of four diodes associated respectively with four parasitic rods, in blocking condition, or with two adjacent diodes in the pass position and both other diodes in blocking position.
  • the antenna can be used in an inverted position relative to that of FIG. 1 if this is necessary, as is for example the case on helicopters, airplanes, and .
  • the signal clock S instead of being transmitted on the conductive wire 18 to the divider 16 through the windings L1 and L2 and the transistors T1 and T2, can be transmitted on an independent conductive wire not connected to the antenna down wire 6.

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  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Aerials With Secondary Devices (AREA)
  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
  • Burglar Alarm Systems (AREA)

Abstract

The present invention relates to an antenna apparatus emitting or receiving high frequency waves and comprising four parasitic vertical rod elements disposed symmetrically to a central vertical rod element and switching elements controlled by a control circuit so that the parasitic rod elements are applied successively and periodically to the ground potential by the control circuit.

Description

La présente invention concerne un dispositif formant antenne émettrice ou réceptrice d'ondes de haute fréquence à diagramme de rayonnement d'orientation variable par rotation de celui-ci.The present invention relates to a device forming a transmitting or receiving antenna of high frequency waves with radiation pattern of variable orientation by rotation thereof.

On connait de tels dispositifs plus couramment appelés à guidage électronique consistant généralement en plusieurs antennes reliées par des réseaux à déphasage approprié créant un circuit de combinaison ou de distribution, le guidage consistant à faire varier un ou plusieurs réseaux à déphasage.Such devices are more commonly known as electronic guidance generally consisting of several antennas connected by appropriate phase shift networks creating a combination or distribution circuit, the guidance consisting in varying one or more phase shift networks.

Cependant, ces dispositifs connus nécessitent des réseaux complexes de déphasage et de multiples descentes d'antenne.However, these known devices require complex phase shift networks and multiple antenna descents.

La présente invention a pour but d'éliminer les inconvénients ci-dessus en proposant un dispositif formant antenne émettrice ou réceptrice d'ondes de haute fréquence à diagramme de rayonnement d'orientation variable par rotation à l'aide d'un circuit électronique de commande, et caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins trois tiges conductrices verticales parasites disposées concentriquement à une quatrième tige conductrice centrale verticale reliée au fil de descente d'antenne et en ce que les tiges parasites sont amenées périodiquement au moins individuellement à un potentiel de masse respectivement par des éléments de commutation commandés par le circuit de commande de façon que la ou les tiges parasites à la masse forment avec la tige centrale un ou des doublets accordés et que la ou les tiges parasites restantes non à la masse forment des éléments directeurs du rayonnement.The object of the present invention is to eliminate the above drawbacks by proposing a device forming a transmitting or receiving antenna of high frequency waves with radiation pattern of variable orientation by rotation using an electronic control circuit. , and characterized in that it comprises at least three parasitic vertical conductive rods arranged concentrically with a fourth vertical central conductive rod connected to the antenna down wire and in that the parasitic rods are brought periodically at least individually to a potential of earth respectively by switching elements controlled by the control circuit so that the parasitic rod (s) to ground form with the central rod one or more tuned doublets and that the parasitic rod (s) remaining non-ground form guiding elements radiation.

Avantageusement, le dispositif comprend quatre tiges parasites disposées symétriquement à la tige centrale et amenées à la masse successivement par le circuit de commande de façon que le diagramme de rayonnement ait une configuration cardioïde.Advantageously, the device comprises four parasitic rods arranged symmetrically with the central rod and brought to ground successively by the control circuit so that the radiation pattern has a cardioid configuration.

De préférence, le circuit de commande comprend un diviseur, dont les sorties délivrent les signaux de commande respectivement des éléments de commutation en synchronisme avec un signal d'horloge appliqué à l'entrée d'horloge du diviseur ayant une fréquence multiple de la fréquence de chaque signal de commande ou fréquence de rotation de l'antenne, le signal d'horloge comportant une partie de signal de réinitialisation du diviseur et étant transmis sur une ligne conductrice reliée au fil de descente d'antenne.Preferably, the control circuit comprises a divider, the outputs of which deliver the control signals respectively from the switching elements in synchronism with a clock signal applied to the clock input of the divider having a frequency multiple of the frequency of each control signal or frequency of rotation of the antenna, the clock signal comprising a resetting signal part of the divider and being transmitted on a conductive line connected to the antenna down wire.

Le circuit de commande comprend de plus un circuit de formation du signal d'horloge comprenant un microprocesseur ou un compteur-décodeur délivrant deux signaux de commande, l'un d'activation ou de désactivation d'un transistor à la fréquence multiple de la fréquence de rotation de l'antenne et l'autre d'activation d'un autre transistor pendant une durée correspondant audit multiple de la fréquence de rotation de l'antenne à chaque période de rotation de l'antenne, les collecteurs des deux transistors étant reliés en commun et un transistor émetteur-suiveur, dont la base est commandée par les collecteurs en commun des deux autres transistors et fournissant sur la ligne de transmission précitée le signal d'horloge présentant un niveau bas de tension constituant la partie de réinitialisation du diviseur appliqué à ce dernier par un transistor de réinitialisation, suivi de niveaux hauts de tension appliqués à l'entrée d'horloge du diviseur par un transistor porté à saturation par ces niveaux hauts.The control circuit further comprises a circuit for forming the clock signal comprising a microprocessor or a decoder counter delivering two control signals, one for activating or deactivating a transistor at the frequency multiple of the frequency of rotation of the antenna and the other of activation of another transistor for a period corresponding to said multiple of the frequency of rotation of the antenna at each period of rotation of the antenna, the collectors of the two transistors being connected in common and an emitter-follower transistor, the base of which is controlled by the collectors in common of the other two transistors and supplying on the aforementioned transmission line the clock signal having a low voltage level constituting the reset part of the applied divider to the latter by a reset transistor, followed by high voltage levels applied to the clock input of the divider by a transistor carried saturated by these high levels.

Le dispositif comprend de plus deux inductances de valeurs suffisantes pour isoler le signal de haute fréquence passant la ligne de transmission précitée du circuit de commande des éléments de commutation.The device further comprises two inductors of sufficient values to isolate the high frequency signal passing the aforementioned transmission line of the control circuit of the switching elements.

Avantageusement, les éléments de commutation sont constitués par des diodes, dont les cathodes sont reliées en commun au potentiel de masse et les anodes reliées respectivement aux extrémités inférieures des tiges parasites, qui sont également reliées respectivement aux sorties du diviseur du circuit de commande par l'intermédiaire de résistances.Advantageously, the switching elements consist of diodes, the cathodes of which are connected in common to the ground potential and the anodes respectively connected to the lower ends of the parasitic rods, which are also respectively connected to the outputs of the divider of the control circuit by the intermediary of resistances.

L'invention sera mieux comprise et d'autres buts, caractéristiques, détails et avantages de celle-ci apparaîtront plus clairement au cours de la description explicative qui va suivre faite en référence aux dessins schématiques annexés donnés uniquement à titre d'exemple illustrant un mode de réalisation de l'invention et dans lesquels.

  • La figure 1 représente une vue schématique en perspective de l'antenne conforme à l'invention associée à un circuit de commande.
  • La figure 2 représente un schéma électronique du circuit de commande.
  • La figure 3 représente des signaux de commande d'éléments de commutation associés à l'antenne.
  • La figure 4 représente le diagramme de rayonnement de l'antenne de la figure 1.
The invention will be better understood and other objects, characteristics, details and advantages thereof will appear more clearly during the explanatory description which follows, made with reference to the appended schematic drawings given solely by way of example illustrating a mode of the invention and in which.
  • Figure 1 shows a schematic perspective view of the antenna according to the invention associated with a control circuit.
  • FIG. 2 represents an electronic diagram of the control circuit.
  • FIG. 3 represents signals for controlling switching elements associated with the antenna.
  • FIG. 4 represents the radiation diagram of the antenna of FIG. 1.

En se reportant aux figures, l'antenne conforme à l'invention, utilisée comme radiogoniomètre, comprend de préférence quatre tiges conductrices parasites verticales 1-4 disposées symétriquement à une tige centrale conductrice verticale 5 en étant très proches de cette dernière, par exemple d'une distance de 0,14X, où est la longueur d'onde du signal de haute fréquence émis ou reçu par l'antenne. La longueur de chacune des tiges verticales 1-5 correspond à 1/4X. La tige centrale 5 a son extrémité inférieure reliée électriquement à un fil de descente d'antenne 6 raccordé à un émetteur ou un récepteur (non représenté) du signal de haute fréquence. Les tiges parasites 1-4 ont chacune de leurs extrémités supérieures prolongées par une section horizontale 1 a-4a dirigée vers l'extrémité supérieure de la tige centrale 5 afin d'augmenter la capacité de la tige centrale 5 par rapport à chaque tige environnante parasite 1-4. Les extrémités inférieures des tiges parasites 1-4 sont reliées respectivement aux anodes de quatre diodes à capacité variable 7-10, dont les cathodes sont reliées en commun à un potentiel de masse (0 volt). Les extrémités inférieures des tiges 1-4 sont également reliées respectivement à des résistances 11-14, dont les bornes opposées à celles reliées aux tiges 1-4 sont reliées respectivement à quatre sorties d'un circuit électronique de commande 15. Le circuit 15 est adapté pour fournir périodiquement des signaux de commande VA, VB, VC, VD respectivement des diodes 7-10 à travers les résistances 11-14 de façon à rendre les diodes 7-10 successivement conductrices et porter ainsi successivement les tiges parasites 1-4 au potentiel de masse.Referring to the figures, the antenna according to the invention, used as a direction finder, preferably comprises four vertical parasitic conductive rods 1-4 arranged symmetrically to a central vertical conductive rod 5 while being very close to the latter, for example d 'a distance of 0.14X, where is the wavelength of the high frequency signal emitted or received by the antenna. The length of each of the vertical rods 1-5 corresponds to 1 / 4X. The central rod 5 has its lower end electrically connected to an antenna down wire 6 connected to a transmitter or a receiver (not shown) of the high frequency signal. Parasitic stems 1-4 have each of their upper ends extended by a horizontal section 1 a-4a directed towards the upper end of the central rod 5 in order to increase the capacity of the central rod 5 relative to each parasitic surrounding rod 1-4. The lower ends of the parasitic rods 1-4 are respectively connected to the anodes of four variable capacity diodes 7-10, the cathodes of which are connected in common to a ground potential (0 volts). The lower ends of the rods 1-4 are also respectively connected to resistors 11-14, the terminals opposite to those connected to the rods 1-4 are respectively connected to four outputs of an electronic control circuit 15. The circuit 15 is adapted to periodically supply control signals VA, VB, VC, VD respectively of the diodes 7-10 through the resistors 11-14 so as to make the diodes 7-10 successively conductive and thus successively carry the parasitic rods 1-4 to the mass potential.

Le circuit de commande 15 comprend un diviseur octal 16, connu en soi, dont les sorties 00 à Q3 délivrent respectivement les signaux de commande VA à VD des diodes 7-10 par les résistances 7-14 en synchronisme avec un signal d'horloge S obtenu à partir d'un circuit de formation 17 qui sera décrit ultérieurement. L'entrée d'horloge CLK du diviseur 16 est reliée à la jonction commune de deux résistances R1 et R2, la résistance R1 ayant son autre borne reliée à la masse tandis que l'autre borne de la résistance R2 est reliée au collecteur d'un transistor T1, dont la base est reliée à un potentiel positif d'alimentation et à une borne d'un condensateur C1, dont l'autre borne est reliée à la masse. L'émetteur du transistor T1 est relié à la cathode d'une diode D1 de protection en polarisation inverse de la base-émetteur du transistor T1. L'anode de la diode D1 est reliée à une résistance R3 également reliée à la base d'un transistor T2 de réinitialisation du diviseur 16. Une résistance R4 est reliée entre la base du transistor T2 et la masse. Le transistor T2 a son émetteur relié à la masse et son collecteur relié à l'entrée de réinitialisation ou de remise à zéro du diviseur 16. Une résistance R5 relie également le collecteur du transistor T2 au potentiel positif d'alimentation. Une inductance L1 relie l'anode de la diode D1 au conducteur central 18 d'un câble coaxial, lequel conducteur 18 est relié au fil de descente d'antenne 6 par l'intermédiaire, si nécessaire, d'un condensateur C2.The control circuit 15 comprises an octal divider 16, known per se, whose outputs 00 to Q3 respectively deliver the control signals VA to VD of the diodes 7-10 by the resistors 7-14 in synchronism with a clock signal S obtained from a training circuit 17 which will be described later. The clock input CLK of the divider 16 is connected to the common junction of two resistors R1 and R2, the resistor R1 having its other terminal connected to ground while the other terminal of the resistor R2 is connected to the collector a transistor T1, the base of which is connected to a positive supply potential and to one terminal of a capacitor C1, the other terminal of which is connected to ground. The emitter of transistor T1 is connected to the cathode of a diode D1 for reverse polarization protection of the emitter base of transistor T1. The anode of the diode D1 is connected to a resistor R3 also connected to the base of a transistor T2 for resetting the divider 16. A resistor R4 is connected between the base of the transistor T2 and the ground. The transistor T2 has its emitter connected to ground and its collector connected to the reset or reset input of the divider 16. A resistor R5 also connects the collector of the transistor T2 to the positive supply potential. An inductor L1 connects the anode of the diode D1 to the central conductor 18 of a coaxial cable, which conductor 18 is connected to the antenna down wire 6 via, if necessary, a capacitor C2.

Le circuit de formation 17 comprend un transistor T3 branché en émetteur-suiveur avec une diode D2 protégeant la jonction base-émetteur du transistor T3, dont l'émetteur est relié à une résistance R5 en série avec une inductance L2 reliée au conducteur 18. Le collecteur du transistor T3 est relié au potentiel positif d'alimentation et à une résistance R6, dont l'autre borne est reliée d'une part à un condensateur C3 ayant son autre borne à la masse et d'autre part à une résistance R7 ayant son autre borne reliée à la base du transistor T3. La base du transistor T3 est ainsi connectée par la résistance R7 à une alimentation découplée par le condensateur C3 et activé par la résistance R6 à partir de l'alimentation principale. Le circuit 17 comprend de plus deux transistors T4 et T5, dont les bases sont reliées respectivement à deux résistances R8 et R9. Le collecteur du transistor T4 est relié à une résistance R10 ayant son autre borne reliée à la base du transistor T3 tandis que le transistor T5 a son collecteur relié directement à la base du transistor T3. Les transistors T4 et T5 ont de plus leurs émetteurs reliés à la masse. Les bases des transistors T4 et T5 sont commandées au travers des résistances R8 et R9 par des signaux provenant d'un circuit 19, qui peut être constitué par un microprocesseur ou un compteur-décodeur. Plus précisément, le circuit 19 est adapté pour activer ou désactiver le transistor T4 par un signal ayant une fréquence quatre fois supérieure à la fréquence Fr de rotation de l'antenne ou la fréquence de chaque signal de commande VA, VB, VC et VD de commande des diodes 7-10. Le circuit 19 est de plus adapté pour activer le transistor T5 par un signal pendant une durée correspondant à quatre fois la fréquence de rotation de l'antenne Fr à chaque rotation complète de l'antenne, c'est-à-dire que le transistor T5 est activé une fois à chaque rotation de l'antenne pendant un quart de période de la période de rotation. En choisissant convenablement les résistances R6, R7 et R10, la tension au conducteur 18 a la forme du signal S. Ainsi, le signal S comporte une partie P1 d'un niveau de tension d'approximativement 0 volt et d'une période du quart de la période correspondant à la fréquence Fr et trois parties d'horloge P2-P4, chacune d'une période correspondant à quatre fois la fréquence Fr. A l'extrémité du conducteur 18, côté antenne, l'inductance L1 alimente le circuit délivrant les signaux de commande VA-VD ; le conducteur central 18 du câble coaxial étant par ailleurs relié à l'émetteur ou au récepteur des signaux de haute fréquence par l'intermédiaire d'un condensateur C4. La valeur de chaque inductance L1 et L2 doit être suffisante pour isoler le signal de haute fréquence passant le conducteur 18 du circuit 15.The training circuit 17 comprises a transistor T3 connected as an emitter follower with a diode D2 protecting the base-emitter junction of the transistor T3, the emitter of which is connected to a resistor R5 in series with an inductance L2 connected to the conductor 18. The collector of transistor T3 is connected to the positive supply potential and to a resistor R6, the other terminal of which is connected on the one hand to a capacitor C3 having its other terminal to ground and on the other hand to a resistor R7 having its other terminal connected to the base of transistor T3. The base of the transistor T3 is thus connected by the resistor R7 to a power supply decoupled by the capacitor C3 and activated by the resistor R6 from the main power supply. The circuit 17 further comprises two transistors T4 and T5, the bases of which are connected respectively to two resistors R8 and R9. The collector of transistor T4 is connected to a resistor R10 having its other terminal connected to the base of transistor T3 while transistor T5 has its collector connected directly to the base of transistor T3. The transistors T4 and T5 also have their emitters connected to ground. The bases of transistors T4 and T5 are controlled through resistors R8 and R9 by signals from a circuit 19, which can be constituted by a microprocessor or a counter-decoder. More specifically, the circuit 19 is adapted to activate or deactivate the transistor T4 by a signal having a frequency four times greater than the frequency Fr of rotation of the antenna or the frequency of each control signal VA, VB, VC and VD of LED control 7-10. The circuit 19 is further adapted to activate the transistor T5 by a signal for a duration corresponding to four times the frequency of rotation of the antenna Fr at each complete rotation of the antenna, that is to say that the transistor T5 is activated once each rotation of the antenna for a quarter of the rotation period. By suitably choosing the resistors R6, R7 and R10, the voltage at the conductor 18 has the form of the signal S. Thus, the signal S comprises a part P1 with a voltage level of approximately 0 volts and a period of a quarter of the period corresponding to the frequency Fr and three clock parts P2-P4, each of a period corresponding to four times the frequency Fr. At the end of the conductor 18, on the antenna side, the inductance L1 supplies the circuit delivering the VA-VD control signals; the central conductor 18 of the coaxial cable being moreover connected to the transmitter or to the receiver of the high frequency signals by means of a capacitor C4. The value of each inductor L1 and L2 must be sufficient to isolate the high frequency signal passing through the conductor 18 of the circuit 15.

Le fonctionnement du circuit de commande de l'antenne ressort déjà de la description qui en a été faite ci-dessus et va être maintenant expliqué brièvement.The operation of the antenna control circuit is already apparent from the description which has been given above and will now be briefly explained.

Le circuit 19 attaque les bases des transistors T4 et T5 par les signaux définis ci-dessus et la base du transistor T3 est commandée par les col lecteurs des transistors T4 et T5 de façon à fournir, par l'intermédiaire de la résistance R5 et de l'inductance L2 le signal S. Le courant provenant de l'inductance L1, par l'intermédiaire de la diode D1 et du transistor T1, charge la ligne d'alimentation du condensateur C1 à une tension proche de la tension d'alimentation de départ, qui est en fait la tension au condensateur C3 moins les trois chutes de tension de diode, pendant les trois niveaux de tension les plus élevés des parties P2, P4 du signal S. Pendant les trois niveaux hauts, le transistor T1 sature et fournit trois signaux d'horloge au diviseur 16 par l'intermédiaire des résistances R1 et R2. Pendant la période de basse tension de la partie P1 du signal S, le transistor T2 est désactivé car sa tension de base provenant des résistances R3 et R4 est trop basse. Le transistor désactivé T2 fournit alors une impulsion positive de remise à zéro du diviseur 16 de façon à mettre ainsi en place une séquence des sorties Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3 du diviseur 16 en synchronisme avec la forme d'onde du signal S. Ainsi, à l'instant de remise à zéro du diviseur 16, la sortie 00 de celui-ci fournit la tension VA de commande de la diode 7, les sorties Q1 à Q3 étant au potentiel de 0 volt. A l'apparition de la première impulsion d'horloge appliquée au diviseur 16, la sortie Q1 de celui-ci fournit le signal de commande VB de la diode 8 en même temps que se termine le signal de commande VA, les sorties Q2 et Q3 étant toujours au potentiel de 0 volt. A l'apparition de la deuxième impulsion d'horloge, la sortie Q2 fournit le signal de commande VC de la diode 9 en même temps que se termine le signal de commande VB, les sorties 00 et Q3 étant à 0 volt. A l'apparition de la troisième impulsion d'horloge, la sortie Q3 du diviseur 16 fournit la tension de commande VD de la diode 10 en même temps que se termine le signal de commande VC avec les sorties 00 et Q1 au potentiel de 0 volt.The circuit 19 drives the bases of the transistors T4 and T5 by the signals defined above and the base of the transistor T3 is controlled by the reader necks of the transistors T4 and T5 so as to provide, via the resistor R5 and the inductor L2 the signal S. The current coming from the inductor L1, via the diode D1 and the transistor T1, charges the supply line of the capacitor C1 to a voltage close to the initial supply voltage, which is in fact the voltage at the capacitor C3 minus the three diode voltage drops, during the three highest voltage levels of the parts P2, P4 of the signal S. During the three high levels, the transistor T1 saturates and supplies three clock signals to the divider 16 via the resistors R1 and R2. During the low voltage period of the part P1 of the signal S, the transistor T2 is deactivated because its base voltage coming from the resistors R3 and R4 is too low. The deactivated transistor T2 then supplies a positive reset pulse of the divider 16 so as to thus set up a sequence of the outputs Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3 of the divider 16 in synchronism with the waveform of the signal S. Thus , at the instant of resetting of the divider 16, the output 00 of the latter provides the voltage VA for controlling the diode 7, the outputs Q1 to Q3 being at the potential of 0 volts. On the appearance of the first clock pulse applied to the divider 16, the output Q1 of the latter provides the control signal VB of the diode 8 at the same time as the control signal VA, the outputs Q2 and Q3 ends. still being at the potential of 0 volts. At the appearance of the second clock pulse, the output Q2 supplies the control signal VC of the diode 9 at the same time as the control signal VB ends, the outputs 00 and Q3 being at 0 volts. At the appearance of the third clock pulse, the output Q3 of the divider 16 supplies the control voltage VD of the diode 10 at the same time as the control signal VC ends with the outputs 00 and Q1 at the potential of 0 volts .

Les diodes 7 à 10 sont ainsi polarisées successivement en condition passante ou condition de haute capacité respectivement par les signaux de commande VA à VD à la fréquence de chacun de ces signaux ou fréquence de rotation de l'antenne Fr. Dans ces conditions, les tiges parasites 1-4 de l'antenne sont successivement mises à la masse à la fréquence des signaux de commande VA-VD. Ainsi, lorsque la tige 1 est mise à la masse, elle constitue alors avec la tige centrale 5 un doublet accordé ou antenne en boucle accordée en vertu de la capacité rencontrée au niveau des extrémités des tiges 1 et 5. La tige 3, diamétralement opposée à la tige 1, se comporte alors comme élément directeur parasite, électriquement court (en ce qui concerne sa longueur effective) et espacé de 0,14 par rapport à l'antenne active formée par les tiges 1 et 5. Si l'on considère l'antenne comme étant émettrice, la majeure partie de l'excitation due au champ rayonnant et dirigée vers la tige 3 provient de la tige centrale 5 du fait que la tige 3 est beaucoup plus proche de la tige 5 que de la tige 1 formant doublet accordé avec la tige 5. Inversement, les tiges 2 et 4 reçoivent une excitation du champ rayonnant considérable de la part de la tige 1, qui tend à annuler l'excitation provenant de la tige centrale 5 et, en conséquence, l'effet des tiges parasites 2 et 4 sur la répartition du champ est moins important que l'effet de la tige 3. Il en résulte que le diagramme de rayonnement a la forme cardioïde représentée en figure 4 lorsque les tiges 1 et 5 forment un doublet accordé. En commutant tour à tour les diodes 7 à 10, on obtient une rotation de la forme cardioïde par incréments de 90 avec bien entendu une durée de chaque signal de commande VA-VD adéquate.The diodes 7 to 10 are thus successively polarized in the on condition or the high capacity condition respectively by the control signals VA to VD at the frequency of each of these signals or the frequency of rotation of the antenna Fr. Under these conditions, the rods parasites 1-4 of the antenna are successively grounded at the frequency of the VA-VD control signals. Thus, when the rod 1 is grounded, it then constitutes with the central rod 5 a tuned doublet or loop antenna tuned by virtue of the capacity encountered at the ends of the rods 1 and 5. The rod 3, diametrically opposite to the rod 1, then behaves as a parasitic steering element, electrically short (as regards its effective length) and spaced 0.14 with respect to the active antenna formed by the rods 1 and 5. If we consider the antenna as being emitting, most of the excitation due to the radiating field and directed towards the rod 3 comes from the central rod 5 because the rod 3 is much closer to the rod 5 than to the rod 1 forming doublet tuned with the rod 5. Conversely, the rods 2 and 4 receive an excitation of the considerable radiating field on the part of the rod 1, which tends to cancel the excitation coming from the central rod 5 and, consequently, the effect parasitic stems 2 and 4 on the distribution of the field is less important than the effect of the rod 3. It follows that the radiation diagram has the cardioid shape shown in FIG. 4 when the rods 1 and 5 form a tuned doublet. By switching diodes 7 to 10 in turn, the cardioid shape is rotated in increments of 90 with, of course, an adequate duration of each VA-VD control signal.

L'antenne a été décrite comme comprenant quatre tiges parasites autour d'une tige centrale mais il est bien entendu que l'antenne peut comporter trois tiges verticales parasites disposées concentriquement à la tige verticale centrale de façon à être équidistante les unes des autres de 120° avec trois diodes de commutation associées respectivement aux trois tiges parasites et commandées par le circuit de commande 15, dont le diviseur délivrerait sur ses trois sorties 00 à Q3 les trois signaux de commande VA-VC de commutation des diodes correspondantes de façon à obtenir une rotation du diagramme de rayonnement par incréments de 1200. Dans de tels cas, lorsque l'une des tiges parasites sera amenée à la masse, les deux autres tiges parasites en l'air se comporteront comme des éléments directeurs. Il est de plus à noter que le signal d'horloge S comportera une partie P1 de réinitialisation du diviseur 16 d'une durée égale au tiers de la période de rotation de l'antenne et deux parties P2 et P3 de niveaux hauts d'une fréquence de trois fois la fréquence Fr.The antenna has been described as comprising four parasitic rods around a central rod but it is understood that the antenna can comprise three parasitic vertical rods arranged concentrically with the central vertical rod so as to be equidistant from one another 120 ° with three switching diodes associated respectively with the three parasitic rods and controlled by the control circuit 15, the divider of which would deliver on its three outputs 00 to Q3 the three control signals VA-VC for switching the corresponding diodes so as to obtain a rotation of the radiation pattern in increments of 120 0. In such cases, when one of the parasitic rods is brought to ground, the other two parasitic rods in the air will behave as guiding elements. It should also be noted that the clock signal S will comprise a part P1 for resetting the divider 16 with a duration equal to one third of the antenna rotation period and two parts P2 and P3 of high levels of one frequency three times the frequency Fr.

L'antenne peut également fonctionner avec plus que quatre tiges parasites autour de la tige centrale sans sortir du cadre de la présente invention.The antenna can also operate with more than four parasitic rods around the central rod without departing from the scope of the present invention.

De plus, l'antenne peut également fonctionner en commutant en condition passante trois diodes avec la diode restante, dans le cas de quatre diodes associées respectivement à quatre tiges parasites, en condition bloquante, ou encore avec deux diodes adjacentes en position passante et les deux autres diodes en position bloquante.In addition, the antenna can also operate by switching in diode three diodes with the remaining diode, in the case of four diodes associated respectively with four parasitic rods, in blocking condition, or with two adjacent diodes in the pass position and both other diodes in blocking position.

Par ailleurs, l'antenne peut être utilisée en position inversée par rapport à celle de la figure 1 si cela est nécessaire comme cela est par exemple le cas sur les hélicoptères, les avions, et..... Enfin, le signal d'horloge S, au lieu d'être transmis sur le fil conducteur 18 au diviseur 16 à travers les enroulements L1 et L2 et les transistors T1 et T2, peut être transmis sur un fil conducteur indépendant non relié au fil de descente d'antenne 6.Furthermore, the antenna can be used in an inverted position relative to that of FIG. 1 if this is necessary, as is for example the case on helicopters, airplanes, and ..... Finally, the signal clock S, instead of being transmitted on the conductive wire 18 to the divider 16 through the windings L1 and L2 and the transistors T1 and T2, can be transmitted on an independent conductive wire not connected to the antenna down wire 6.

Cependant, malgré toutes les modifications possibles signalées ci-dessus de l'antenne, le meilleur mode de réalisation est celui tel que décrit en référence aux figures 1 à 4.However, despite all the possible modifications indicated above of the antenna, the best embodiment is that as described with reference to FIGS. 1 to 4.

L'antenne conforme à l'invention a ainsi pour avantage qu'elle n'exige pas de plan de sol, ne nécessite qu'une seule descente d'antenne et est guidée électroniquement par des éléments de commutation commandés par un circuit électronique de conception relativement simple, ces éléments de commutation pouvant être constitués, à la place des diodes, par des transistors, des dispositifs à effet de champ, voire même des relais.The antenna according to the invention thus has the advantage that it does not require a ground plane, requires only one antenna descent and is guided electronically by switching elements controlled by an electronic circuit of design relatively simple, these switching elements can be constituted, in place of the diodes, by transistors, field effect devices, or even relays.

Claims (7)

1. Dispositif formant antenne émettrice ou réceptrice d'ondes de haute fréquence à diagramme de rayonnement d'orientation variable par rotation à l'aide d'un circuit électronique de commande, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend au moins trois tiges conductrices verticales parasites (1-3) disposées concentriquement à une quatrième tige conductrice centrale verticale (5) reliée au fil de descente d'antenne (6) et en ce que les tiges parasites sont amenées périodiquement au moins individuellement à un potentiel de masse respectivement par des éléments de commutation (7-9) commandés par le circuit de commande (15) de façon que la ou les tiges parasites (1-3) forment avec la tige centrale (5) un ou des doublets accordés et que la ou les tiges parasites restantes non à la masse forment des éléments directeurs du rayonnement, en ce que les tiges parasites (1-3) sont situées à une distance de la tige centrale (5) égale à 0,14 X et ont avec la tige centrale (5) une longueur égale à 1/4 À où X est la longueur d'onde, et en ce que les tiges parasites ont chacune de leur extrémité supérieure prolongée par une section horizontale (la-3a) dirigée vers la tige centrale (5) de façon à augmenter la capacité de cette dernière par rapport à chaque tige parasite.1. Device forming an antenna transmitting or receiving high frequency waves with a radiation pattern of variable orientation by rotation using an electronic control circuit, characterized in that it comprises at least three parasitic vertical conductive rods (1-3) arranged concentrically with a fourth vertical central conductive rod (5) connected to the antenna down wire (6) and in that the parasitic rods are brought periodically at least individually to a ground potential respectively by elements switching (7-9) controlled by the control circuit (15) so that the parasitic rod or rods (1-3) form with the central rod (5) one or more tuned doublets and the remaining parasitic rod or rods non-ground form directing elements of the radiation, in that the parasitic rods (1-3) are located at a distance from the central rod (5) equal to 0.14 X and have with the central rod (5) a long eur equal to 1/4 A where X is the wavelength, and in that the parasitic rods each have their upper end extended by a horizontal section (la-3a) directed towards the central rod (5) so as to increase the capacity of the latter in relation to each parasitic rod. 2. Dispositif selon la revendication 1, caractérisé en ce que qu'il comprend quatre tiges parasites (1-4) disposées symétriquement à la tige centrale (5) et amenées à la masse successivement par le circuit de commande (15) de quatre éléments de commutation (7-10) de façon que le diagramme de rayonnement ait une configuration cardioïde.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that it comprises four parasitic rods (1-4) arranged symmetrically with the central rod (5) and brought to ground successively by the control circuit (15) of four elements switching (7-10) so that the radiation pattern has a cardioid configuration. 3. Dispositif selon la revendication 1 ou 2, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de commande (15) comprend un diviseur (16), dont les sorties (QO-Q3) délivrent les signaux de commande (VA-VD) respectivement des éléments de commutation (7-10) en synchronisme avec un signal d'horloge (S) appliqué à l'entrée horloge du diviseur (16) ayant une fréquence multiple de la fréquence de chaque signal de commande (VA; VB; VC; VD) ou fréquence de rotation de l'antenne (Fr), le signal d'horloge (S) comportant une partie (P1) de signal de réinitialisation du diviseur (16) et étant transmis sur une ligne conductrice (18) reliée au fil de descente de l'antenne (6).3. Device according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the control circuit (15) comprises a divider (16), whose outputs (QO-Q3) deliver the control signals (VA-VD) respectively of the switching (7-10) in synchronism with a clock signal (S) applied to the clock input of the divider (16) having a frequency multiple of the frequency of each control signal (VA; VB; VC; VD) or frequency of rotation of the antenna (Fr), the clock signal (S) comprising a part (P1) of the reset signal of the divider (16) and being transmitted on a conductive line (18) connected to the drop wire of the antenna (6). 4. Dispositif selon la revendication 3, caractérisé en ce que le circuit de commande (15) comprend de plus un circuit (17) de formation du signal d'horloge (S) comprenant un microprocesseur ou un compteur-décodeur (19) délivrant deux signaux de commande, l'un d'activation ou de désactivation d'un transistor (T4) à la fréquence multiple de la fréquence de rotation de l'antenne (Fr) et l'autre d'activation d'un autre transistor (T5) pendant une durée correspondant audit multiple de la fréquence de rotation de l'antenne (Fr) à chaque période de rotation de l'antenne, les collecteurs des transistors (T4, T5) étant reliés en commun, et un transistor émetteur-suiveur (T3), dont la base est commandée par les collecteurs en commun des deux autres transistors (T4, T5) et fournissent sur la ligne de transmission (18) précitée le signal d'horloge (S) présentant un niveau bas de tension constituant la partie de réinitialisation du diviseur (16) appliqué à ce dernier par un transistor de réinitialisation (T2), suivi de niveaux hauts de tension appliqués à l'entrée horloge du diviseur (16) par un transistor (T1) porté à saturation par ces niveaux hauts.4. Device according to claim 3, characterized in that the control circuit (15) further comprises a circuit (17) for forming the clock signal (S) comprising a microprocessor or a counter-decoder (19) delivering two control signals, one for activating or deactivating a transistor (T4) at the frequency multiple of the antenna rotation frequency (Fr) and the other for activating another transistor (T5 ) for a duration corresponding to said multiple of the antenna rotation frequency (Fr) at each antenna rotation period, the collectors of the transistors (T4, T5) being connected in common, and an emitter-follower transistor ( T3), the base of which is controlled by the collectors in common of the two other transistors (T4, T5) and supply on the above-mentioned transmission line (18) the clock signal (S) having a low voltage level constituting the part for resetting the divider (16) applied to the latter by a tr ansistor reset (T2), followed by high voltage levels applied to the clock input of the divider (16) by a transistor (T1) brought to saturation by these high levels. 5. Dispositif selon la revendication 3 ou 4, caractérisé en ce qu'il comprend deux inductances (L1, L2) de valeur suffisante pour isoler le signal de haute fréquence passant à travers la ligne de transmission (18) précitée du circuit de commande (15).5. Device according to claim 3 or 4, characterized in that it comprises two inductors (L1, L2) of sufficient value to isolate the high frequency signal passing through the aforementioned transmission line (18) of the control circuit ( 15). 6. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce que les éléments de commutation (7-10) sont constitués par des diodes, dont les cathodes sont reliées en commun en potentiel de masse et les anodes reliées respectivement aux extrémités inférieures des tiges parasites (1-4), qui sont également reliées respectivement aux sorties (Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3) du diviseur (16) par l'intermédiaire de résistances (11-14).6. Device according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the switching elements (7-10) consist of diodes, the cathodes of which are connected in common in ground potential and the anodes connected respectively to the lower ends of the parasitic rods (1-4), which are also respectively connected to the outputs (Q0, Q1, Q2, Q3) of the divider (16) via resistors (11-14). 7. Dispositif selon l'une des revendications précédentes, caractérisé en ce qu'il est utilisé comme radiogoniomètre.7. Device according to one of the preceding claims teeth, characterized in that it is used as a direction finder.
EP91402287A 1990-08-21 1991-08-21 Antenna device for radiation and reception of high-frequency waves Expired - Lifetime EP0473497B1 (en)

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FR9010528A FR2666178A1 (en) 1990-08-21 1990-08-21 HIGH FREQUENCY EMITTING OR RECEIVING ANTENNA DEVICE.
FR9010528 1990-08-21

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ATE115336T1 (en) 1994-12-15
FR2666178A1 (en) 1992-02-28
US5235343A (en) 1993-08-10
DE69105670D1 (en) 1995-01-19
FR2666178B1 (en) 1997-02-07
EP0473497B1 (en) 1994-12-07

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