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EP0460457B1 - Machine vice - Google Patents

Machine vice Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0460457B1
EP0460457B1 EP91108333A EP91108333A EP0460457B1 EP 0460457 B1 EP0460457 B1 EP 0460457B1 EP 91108333 A EP91108333 A EP 91108333A EP 91108333 A EP91108333 A EP 91108333A EP 0460457 B1 EP0460457 B1 EP 0460457B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
screw spindle
spindle
clamping jaw
machine vise
abutment
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91108333A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0460457A3 (en
EP0460457A2 (en
EP0460457B2 (en
Inventor
Franz Arnold
Konrad Kreuzer
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
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Filing date
Publication date
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Priority claimed from DE19904018194 external-priority patent/DE4018194C1/en
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0460457A2 publication Critical patent/EP0460457A2/en
Publication of EP0460457A3 publication Critical patent/EP0460457A3/en
Publication of EP0460457B1 publication Critical patent/EP0460457B1/en
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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B1/00—Vices
    • B25B1/06—Arrangements for positively actuating jaws
    • B25B1/18—Arrangements for positively actuating jaws motor driven, e.g. with fluid drive, with or without provision for manual actuation
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B1/00—Vices
    • B25B1/06—Arrangements for positively actuating jaws
    • B25B1/10—Arrangements for positively actuating jaws using screws
    • B25B1/106—Arrangements for positively actuating jaws using screws with mechanical or hydraulic power amplifiers
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25B—TOOLS OR BENCH DEVICES NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR, FOR FASTENING, CONNECTING, DISENGAGING OR HOLDING
    • B25B1/00—Vices
    • B25B1/24—Details, e.g. jaws of special shape, slideways
    • B25B1/2405—Construction of the jaws
    • B25B1/2473—Construction of the jaws with pull-down action on the workpiece

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a machine vice according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the drive device has a non-rotatably connected threaded sleeve to the screw spindle, a drive spindle acting on the primary element of the booster and a torque coupling provided between this and the threaded sleeve.
  • the booster is designed as a mechanical booster, the secondary member of the booster always moving in the same direction as the primary member when the primary member is actuated.
  • the housing which surrounds the power amplifier, is rotatably mounted in an abutment plate connected to one end of the base body, but is axially immovable.
  • the entire drive device protrudes outward beyond the abutment plate, as a result of which the overall length of the machine vice is large in relation to its maximum span.
  • the screw spindle presses under high pressure on the spindle nut under the influence of the power amplifier, as a result of which a correspondingly large, outwardly directed reaction force is exerted on the abutment plate.
  • the clamping force exerted on the workpiece by the movable clamping jaw also generates an outward reaction force in the movable clamping jaw and in the fixed clamping jaw.
  • reaction forces in the movable clamping jaw and the abutment are directed opposite to the reaction forces in the fixed clamping jaw, these reaction forces can cause the base body to deflect such that the base body bulges upwards in the middle. This in turn has the consequence that the previously parallel clamping surfaces of the clamping jaws are no longer exactly parallel to one another, but diverge upwards. As a result, the clamping surfaces only rest with their lower areas on the workpiece and this is no longer securely clamped.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of designing a machine vice of the type mentioned in such a way that the base body is subjected to as little bending stress as possible when clamping, and that the machine vice simultaneously has a favorable ratio between overall length and maximum span.
  • the solution to the problem is particularly suitable for mechanical power amplifiers in which the secondary member moves in the same direction as the primary member when the primary member is actuated.
  • the power amplifier is arranged on the side of the abutment facing away from the screw spindle. The pressure force exerted by the push rod on the primary member during tensioning consequently shifts the primary member outward, as a result of which the secondary member is also pressed outward. This outward-directed high-pressure force is, however, transmitted to the screw spindle by means of the train connection guided past the outside of the power amplifier and through the abutment.
  • DE-GM 87 17 051 describes a machine vice with a threaded spindle, the abutment of which is arranged in the region below the fixed vice jaw and whose spindle nut transmits the clamping force as tensile force to a slide carrying the movable jaw when clamping. This is intended to establish a direct frictional connection of the jaws via the screw spindle, as a result of which the vice body itself remains largely relieved of the clamping forces.
  • this machine vice has no power amplifier and therefore also no drive device which actuates the power amplifier and the screw spindle together.
  • the workpiece remains practically unchanged during the clamping process.
  • the vice is easy to use and offers a wide range of uses.
  • the overall length which is the sum of the fixed jaw, the clamping area and the movable clamping jaw, is only equal to the length of the base body, so that there are no protruding parts. All spindle parts are integrated in the base body. When using a tension spindle, there is no bending of the base body due to the clamping force. Despite a very short spindle nut, tilting of the movable jaw is avoided.
  • the slide can be moved with the crank over the entire clamping path, which can be reduced to zero, and the use of standard jaws of other types of clamps and of top jaws for extending the clamping range is easily possible. There is free space below the clamping range for the necessary run-out of drilling or tapping tools.
  • the base body 1 which is essentially U-shaped in cross section, has a fixed clamping jaw 2 at one end, which preferably consists of one piece with the base body.
  • a movable clamping jaw 3 is displaceable in direction B in the base body 1 perpendicular to the fixed clamping jaw 2.
  • the movable clamping jaw 3 has a downward-facing shoulder 4 which engages in the base body 1 and in which the spindle nut 5 is incorporated.
  • a screw spindle 7 is arranged in the continuous recess 6 of the base body 1 and engages in the spindle nut 5.
  • a mechanical power amplifier 8 of a known type (cf. DE-U-78 30 221) is arranged in the base body 1.
  • An abutment part 8a is supported on an abutment 9 which engages between the power amplifier 8 and an end 7a of the screw spindle adjacent to the fixed clamping jaw 2.
  • the abutment 9, as shown in FIG. 5, could also be provided directly in the vice body 1.
  • the abutment 9 is preferably provided on an abutment bush 10 which is inserted into a corresponding cylindrical through-bore 11 in the base body 1.
  • the abutment bushing At its end facing away from the screw spindle 7, the abutment bushing has a flange 12 with which it is supported on an annular shoulder 13 of the base body, which adjoins the through bore 11.
  • the abutment sleeve 10 extends with its end 10a facing the screw spindle 7 at least up to the end 2a of the fixed clamping jaw 2 facing the screw spindle.
  • the abutment sleeve 10 is closed at its end facing away from the screw spindle 7 by a pot-like cover 14. This cover 14 and the abutment sleeve 10 are held in the through hole 11 by a spring ring 15.
  • the power amplifier 8 has a wedge-shaped primary member 16 and a disk-shaped secondary member 17. If the primary member 16 is moved in the direction C to the left by the push rod 18 arranged in the hollow spindle 7, then the rollers 19 are pressed into a space which narrows radially outward. As a result, the secondary member 17 is also moved to the left with a corresponding power transmission, but by a smaller amount than the primary member 16. In order to always keep the parts 16, 17 and 19 of the booster 8 in mutual contact and also to return them to their starting position, there is a compression spring 20 is provided, which is preferably arranged between the cover 14 and the secondary member 17.
  • a pulling sleeve 21 is provided concentrically to this in the abutment bushing 10 and can be axially displaced in the abutment bushing 10 and surrounds the power amplifier 8.
  • the tension sleeve is closed at one end by a screw cap 22, on the inside of which the secondary member 17 is supported.
  • the tension sleeve 21 has three axially directed tension webs 23 which are arranged at equal angular distances from one another and which are arranged at the same circumferential angular distances from one another. These tension webs 23 each extend through corresponding axial recesses 24 in the abutment bushing 10 to the end 7a of the screw spindle adjacent to the fixed clamping jaw 2.
  • the tension webs 23 are provided at their ends with radially inwardly directed claws 23a which engage behind a flange 25 provided at the end 7a of the screw spindle 7.
  • a seal 26 seals the interior of the abutment bush 10 from the screw spindle end 7a.
  • a common drive device 27 is also provided, with which both the screw spindle 7 and the power amplifier 8 can be driven one after the other in time.
  • the drive device 27 is arranged in the end 1a of the base body 1 opposite the fixed jaw 2 in such a way that it lies entirely or at least essentially within the base body 1 and the movable jaw 3, as shown in FIG. 1, is full open position above the drive device 27.
  • the drive device 27 is enclosed by a cylindrical housing 28, the end of which faces the screw spindle 7 is connected to the screw spindle in a rotationally fixed but axially displaceable manner via a positive connection.
  • the positive connection can consist, for example, in that the housing 28 has at its one end 28a an opening 28c with a hexagonal cross section, which includes the correspondingly hexagonal end 7b of the screw spindle 7.
  • the other end 28b of the housing is rotatably and axially immovably mounted in a holding plate 29 connected to the base body 1.
  • the drive device 27 further comprises a threaded sleeve 30 which is fixedly connected to the housing 28. In the threaded sleeve 30 engages a drive spindle 31, the outer end of which is provided with a hexagon socket 31 a.
  • a hand crank, not shown, can be inserted into the hexagon socket 31 a.
  • a torque clutch which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, consists of a clutch disc 33 which is non-rotatably connected to the drive spindle 31 but can be displaced thereon against the force of the spring 32 and which engages with a cam 34 in a corresponding recess in the threaded sleeve 30.
  • the drive spindle 31 and the threaded sleeve 30 are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner until a predetermined torque is reached via the torque coupling 32-34.
  • the drive spindle 31 can then be rotated by means of a hand crank (not shown) and takes the threaded sleeve 30 and the cylindrical housing 28 connected to it in a rotationally fixed manner via the torque coupling 32-34.
  • the screw spindle 7 is driven via the positive connection 7b / 28c. This moves the movable clamping jaw 3 to the left in the direction of the workpiece W by means of the spindle nut 5 until the movable clamping jaw 3 lies against the workpiece W. If the clamping pressure increases, the torque clutch 32-34 disengages and the screw spindle 7 is no longer driven.
  • the outside of the booster 8 and passing through the abutment 9 train connection between the secondary part 17 and the end 7a of the screw 7 can also be equipped in other ways.
  • the drive end of this embodiment is designed exactly as shown in Figs. 1 and 3 of the previous embodiment. Parts of the same function are designated by the same reference numerals, so that the above description applies accordingly.
  • the train connection has at least two axially directed tension bolts 35, which extend through axially directed bores 36 of the abutment 9 or base body 1.
  • the tension bolts 35 are connected on the one hand to a washer 17a carrying the secondary member 17 and on the other hand to a ring 37 surrounding the end 7a of the screw spindle. This ring engages behind the flange 25 provided at the end 7a of the screw spindle 7.
  • a hydraulic power amplifier 38 is used in each case.
  • parts of the same function are designated with the same reference numerals as in the previous exemplary embodiments, and the above description applies analogously.
  • the hydraulic power amplifier 38 is also arranged below the fixed clamping jaw 2 in the base body 1.
  • the abutment 9 is provided in an abutment bushing 10 which is inserted into a through bore 11 of the base body 1.
  • the secondary piston 39 of the booster 38 is slidably mounted.
  • the free end of the push rod preferably forms the primary piston 40, or it acts on the primary piston.
  • a hollow connecting part 41 which concentrically surrounds the primary piston 40 and via which the secondary piston 39 is connected in a tensile manner to the end 7a.
  • the interior 41 a of the connecting part 41 filled with hydraulic fluid is connected via transverse bores 42 to the cylinder space 43 of the secondary piston 39 surrounding it.
  • a common drive device can be used to drive the screw spindle 7 and the pressure rod acting on the primary piston 40 speaking of the common drive device 27, may be provided in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.
  • FIGS. 7 to 13 preferably use a machine vice with the two-part movable clamping jaw 103 in a development of the invention.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 relate to an exemplary embodiment with a hydraulic power amplifier 38 according to FIG. 6 and a drive device 27 according to FIG. 3.
  • the same reference numerals are used for the same parts and reference is made to the above explanations with regard to the description.
  • FIGS. 7, 8 and 9 show a movable clamping jaw 103 with a configuration according to the invention.
  • the movable clamping jaw 103 has a lower part 104, which has a spindle nut 105 with a relatively short length, and an insert part 112 attached to the spindle nut 105, which is received with play in a recess 110 in an upper part 106 of the movable clamping jaw 103.
  • the lower part 104 represents a slide which is moved in the axial direction and takes the upper part 106 with it. It should be noted that the carriage 104 is considerably longer than the spindle nut 105 with a dome-shaped configuration which on the one hand enables retraction via the drive device 27 but on the other hand offers guidance over the entire length.
  • the insert part 112 has play in the radial, but in particular in the axial direction. However, the latter play is non-positively limited, for example by a plate spring assembly 136 or another spring arrangement which is / are inserted in a recess 134 which is incorporated on the end face of the insert part 112 opposite the surface 116.
  • a set screw 132 presses against the plate spring assembly 136, which is guided through a threaded bore 130 which runs in the upper part 106 in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the screw spindle 7 from the outer end face. 12 and 13, recesses 140 are indicated in the upper part 106, in which additional jaws can be inserted in a known manner.
  • FIG. 13 shows the simplest embodiment, in which the two milled surfaces 114, 116 come into contact with one another in the clamped state.
  • one surface could be flat and the other surface curved, for example cylindrical. This results in a line contact between the flat surface and the curved surface. This would reduce the friction between the surfaces.
  • a recess 150 is incorporated in the surface 114 of the insert part 112, into which an insert body 152, preferably made of hardened steel, is inserted, projecting slightly beyond the surface 114.
  • the opposite surface 116 is only milled.
  • the recess 150 and thus the insert body located therein can have the shape of a strip 152 with a semicircular cross section (FIG. 11) or the shape of a hemisphere 152a with a corresponding recess 150a (FIG. 10) .
  • FIGS. 10 and 11 the recess 150 and thus the insert body located therein can have the shape of a strip 152 with a semicircular cross section (FIG. 11) or the shape of a hemisphere 152a with a corresponding recess 150a (FIG. 10) .
  • FIG. 11 the tensioned state, there is again a flat contact of the surface 114 on the flat surface of the insert body 152 or 152a.
  • a third alternative would be to design the insert body as a solid ball in the recess 150a in FIG. 10, but an extremely high surface pressure would result in the tensioned state due to the only punctiform contact.
  • the movable insert body compensates for lateral angular errors in the guide, upper and lower part.
  • the movable clamping jaw 103 is guided on a surface 160 which extends horizontally along the upper side of the base body 101 and on which a lower horizontal surface 162 of the upper part 106 rests (cf. 9).
  • Additional horizontal guides are arranged between webs 165 with an approximately rectangular shape that project laterally on the underside of the lower part 104 and complementary guide grooves 167 in the base body 101, which are guided horizontally above and below, on lower surfaces 172, 174 and upper surfaces 164, 166.
  • the slide 104 of the lower part moves against the workpiece via the thread of the screw spindle 7. Carried over the inclined surfaces 114/116 between the slide 104 and the upper part 106, the upper part 106 moves on the guide surfaces 160 against the workpiece.
  • the resilient elements namely the plate spring assembly 136, result in a pretensioning force which presses the upper part 106 flat against the guideways 160 even before tensioning. This largely eliminates the play between the upper part and the guideway.
  • the carriage 104 runs with an upper and lower guide 164/166 and 172/174 in the interior of the base body 101. Since the accuracy of the guide is determined by the ground surfaces of the guide track 160 and the underside 162 of the upper part 106, the guides 164 / 166 or 172/174 should not be ground inside the body 101.
  • the perpendicularity of the arrangement is determined by the fact that the vertical end edges of the guideways 168, 170 of the slide 104 or of the base body 101 are ground.
  • the coupling 32, 33, 34 (FIG. 3) of the screw spindle 7 disengages, and the power amplifier is actuated via the axial rod 18.
  • the power amplifier is supported against the head part of the base body 101 and pulls the screw spindle 7 forward.
  • the support prevents the head part from deforming.
  • the base body 101 is largely relieved of the clamping forces.
  • the movable clamping jaw 103 is pulled into the clamping position via the thread of the tension spindle 7.
  • the oblique contact surfaces 114/116 result in a horizontal force component, which clamps the workpiece, and a vertical component.
  • the angle of the surfaces 114/116 to the longitudinal axis of the screw spindle 7 is chosen so that the vertical component is so large that the upper part 106 is pressed down over its entire length.
  • the top part 106 is tensioned against the guideways 160 by the plate spring assembly 136, there is only a tensioning movement forwards, but no upward or downward movement, i. H. there is no canting of the upper part 106, which could move the workpiece.
  • the plate spring assembly 136 does the opposite.
  • the slide 104 is tilted slightly until the lower outer edge is supported against the lower guide 172 in the base body 101 and the upper inner edge against the upper surface of the guide 164.
  • the angle of the inclined surfaces 114/116 is selected at 45 ° , which leads to high friction losses.
  • the special guide for the slide 104 it is possible due to the special guide for the slide 104 to remain in the order of 65 to 70 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the screw spindle 7 and to reduce the friction considerably.
  • the design according to the invention of the movable clamping jaw 103 and its arrangement in the machine vice can also be used with advantage in the most varied of embodiments, which are not restricted to the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 6.
  • use in an arrangement with a pressure spindle is possible in an analogous manner.
  • the screw spindle 7 according to FIGS. 7 and 8 is provided with a covering 180 in the region between the clamping jaws to protect the screw spindle 7 against contamination hen.
  • the envelope 180 is flexible in length. It could be designed as a bellows. Shown is a sheath 180 which can be telescopically pushed together, since it is composed either in the form of a spiral leaf spring or from cylindrical, tubular parts.
  • the casing 180 is held, for example, at one end via a socket 182 on the end face of the spindle nut 105 and, at the other end, is drawn onto a tubular connection piece 184 of the power amplifier 38.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Gripping Jigs, Holding Jigs, And Positioning Jigs (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen Maschinenschraubstock gemäß dem Oberbegriff des Patentanspruchs 1.The invention relates to a machine vice according to the preamble of claim 1.

Bei einem derartigen Maschinenschraubstock (DE-PS 37 33 849), der, wie der erfindungsgemäße Maschinenschraubstock, hauptsächlich zur Verwendung auf NC-Maschinen bestimmt ist, weist die Antriebsvorrichtung eine drehfest mit der Schraubspindel verbundene Gewindehülse, eine auf das Primärglied des Kraftverstärkers einwirkende Antriebsspindel und eine zwischen dieser und der Gewindehülse vorgesehene Drehmomentkupplung auf. Der Kraftverstärker ist als mechanischer Kraftverstärker ausgebildet, wobei bei Betätigung des Primärgliedes das Sekundärglied des Kraftverstärkers sich immer in der gleichen Richtung bewegt wie das Primärglied. Bei diesem bekannten Kraftverstärker ist das Gehäuse, welches den Kraftverstärker umschließt, in einer mit dem einen Ende des Grundkörpers verbundenen Widerlagerplatte drehbar, jedoch axial unverschiebbar gelagert. Die gesamte Antriebsvorrichtung ragt nach außen über die Widerlagerplatte hinaus, wodurch die gesamte Baulänge des Maschinenschraubstockes im Verhältnis zu seiner maximalen Spannweite groß ist. Außerdem drückt die Schraubspindel unter dem Einfluß des Kraftverstärkers mit Hochdruck auf die Spindelmutter, wodurch eine entsprechend große, nach außen gerichtete Reaktionskraft auf die Widerlagerplatte ausgeübt wird. Außerdem erzeugt auch die von der beweglichen Spannbacke auf das Werkstück ausgeübte Spannkraft eine nach außen gerichtete Reaktionskraft in der beweglichen Spannbacke und in der festen Spannbacke. Da die Reaktionskräfte in der beweglichen Spannbacke und dem Widerlager entgegengesetzt zu den Reaktionskräften in der festen Spannbacke gerichtet sind, können diese Reaktionskräfte eine Durchbiegung des Grundkörpers bewirken, derart, daß sich der Grundkörper in der Mitte nach oben wölbt. Dies wiederum hat zur Folge, daß die vorher zueinander parallelen Spannflächen der Spannbacken nicht mehr genau parallel zueinander sind, sondern nach oben divergieren. Die Spannflächen liegen infolgedessen nur noch mit ihren unteren Bereichen am Werkstück an und dieses wird damit nicht mehr sicher gespannt.In such a machine vice (DE-PS 37 33 849), which, like the machine vice according to the invention, is mainly intended for use on NC machines, the drive device has a non-rotatably connected threaded sleeve to the screw spindle, a drive spindle acting on the primary element of the booster and a torque coupling provided between this and the threaded sleeve. The booster is designed as a mechanical booster, the secondary member of the booster always moving in the same direction as the primary member when the primary member is actuated. In this known power amplifier, the housing, which surrounds the power amplifier, is rotatably mounted in an abutment plate connected to one end of the base body, but is axially immovable. The entire drive device protrudes outward beyond the abutment plate, as a result of which the overall length of the machine vice is large in relation to its maximum span. In addition, the screw spindle presses under high pressure on the spindle nut under the influence of the power amplifier, as a result of which a correspondingly large, outwardly directed reaction force is exerted on the abutment plate. In addition, the clamping force exerted on the workpiece by the movable clamping jaw also generates an outward reaction force in the movable clamping jaw and in the fixed clamping jaw. Since the reaction forces in the movable clamping jaw and the abutment are directed opposite to the reaction forces in the fixed clamping jaw, these reaction forces can cause the base body to deflect such that the base body bulges upwards in the middle. This in turn has the consequence that the previously parallel clamping surfaces of the clamping jaws are no longer exactly parallel to one another, but diverge upwards. As a result, the clamping surfaces only rest with their lower areas on the workpiece and this is no longer securely clamped.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrunde, einen Maschinenschraubstock der eingangs erwähnten Art so auszugestalten, daß der Grundkörper beim Spannen einer möglichst geringen Biegebeanspruchung ausgesetzt ist, und daß der Maschinenschraubstock gleichzeitig ein günstiges Verhältnis zwischen Gesamtbaulänge und maximaler Spannweite aufweist.The invention is therefore based on the object of designing a machine vice of the type mentioned in such a way that the base body is subjected to as little bending stress as possible when clamping, and that the machine vice simultaneously has a favorable ratio between overall length and maximum span.

Gemäß der Erfindung wird diese Verbesserung durch einen Maschinenschraubstock mit den Merkmalen des Patentanspruchs 1 erzielt.According to the invention, this improvement is achieved by a machine vice with the features of claim 1.

Eine Verbesserung des erfindungsgemäßen Maschinenschraubstocks ergibt sich durch die spezielle Ausgestaltung und Führung der beweglichen Spannbacke gemäß Patentanspruch 8. Hierzu wird auf folgenden Stand der Technik verwiesen:

  • Die DE 34 37 403 A1 zeigt einen Unterzugspanner mit Kraftverstärker. Die Spindelmutter ist in einem Ansatz der beweglichen Spannbacke angebracht. Aufgrund dieser Tatsache wird das Anheben der beweglichen Spannbacke lediglich vermindert. Außerdem ergibt sich wiederum eine Druckkraft zwischen Festbacke und Widerlager. Dies führt zu einem Verformen des Grundkörpers und damit zu Ungenauigkeiten beim Spannen.
An improvement of the machine vice according to the invention results from the special design and guidance of the movable clamping jaw according to claim 8. Reference is made to the following prior art:
  • DE 34 37 403 A1 shows a beam tensioner with a power amplifier. The spindle nut is attached to an extension of the movable jaw. Due to this fact, the lifting of the movable jaw is only reduced. In addition, there is again a compressive force between the fixed jaw and the abutment. This leads to a deformation of the base body and thus to inaccuracies when clamping.

Die Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe ist besonders für mechanische Kraftverstärker geeignet, bei denen sich bei Betätigung des Primärgliedes das Sekundärglied in der gleichen Richtung bewegt wie das Primärglied. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Maschinenschraubstock ist der Kraftverstärker an der der Schraubspindel abgewandten Seite des Widerlagers angeordnet. Die von der Druckstange auf das Primärglied beim Spannen ausgeübte Druckkraft verschiebt infolgedessen das Primärglied nach außen, wodurch auch das Sekundärglied nach außen gedrückt wird. Diese nach außen gerichtete Hochdruckkraft wird jedoch mittels der außen am Kraftverstärker vorbeigeführten und durch das Widerlager hindurchgeführten Zugverbindung auf die Schraubspindel übertragen. Auf diese Weise können einfach gestaltete mechanische Kraftverstärker oder entsprechend ausgestaltete hydraulische Kraftverstärker, die nach dem Prinzip arbeiten, daß sich das Sekundärglied jeweils in der gleichen Richtung bewegt wie das Primärglied, zur Erzeugung einer auf die Schraubspindel wirkenden Zugkraft eingesetzt werden. Die Anordnung des Kraftverstärkers unter der festen Spannbacke am einen Ende des Grundkörpers und die Anordnung der Antriebsvorrichtung so, daß sie sich im wesentlichen innerhalb des anderen Endes des Grundkörpers und in voll geöffneter Stellung der beweglichen Spannbacke unter dieser befindet, hat den Vorteil, daß die Gesamtbaulänge des Maschinenschraubstockes durch den Kraftverstärker und die Antriebsvorrichtung nicht oder nicht wesentlich vergrößert wird, so daß der Maschinenschraubstock ein günstiges Verhältnis zwischen Gesamtbaulänge und maximaler Spannweite aufweist. Von besonderem Vorteil ist auch die Tatsache, daß das Widerlager des Kraftverstärkers und damit auch der Schraubspindel unterhalb der festen Spannbacke angeordnet ist. Hierdurch wird in Kombination mit der Zugverbindung beim Spannen eine Zugkraft auf die Schraubspindel ausgeübt. Die bewegliche Spannbacke wird damit durch die Schraubspindel beim Spannvorgang zu der festen Spannbacke hingezogen und es werden damit entgegengesetzt zueinander nach außen gerichtete, auf den Grundkörper einwirkende Reaktionskräfte vermieden. Damit wird auch eine Durchbiegung des Grundkörpers nach oben beim Spannvorgang vermieden.The solution to the problem is particularly suitable for mechanical power amplifiers in which the secondary member moves in the same direction as the primary member when the primary member is actuated. In the machine vice according to the invention, the power amplifier is arranged on the side of the abutment facing away from the screw spindle. The pressure force exerted by the push rod on the primary member during tensioning consequently shifts the primary member outward, as a result of which the secondary member is also pressed outward. This outward-directed high-pressure force is, however, transmitted to the screw spindle by means of the train connection guided past the outside of the power amplifier and through the abutment. In this way, simply designed mechanical power boosters or correspondingly designed hydraulic power boosters, which operate on the principle that the secondary member moves in the same direction as the primary member, can be used to generate a tensile force acting on the screw spindle. The arrangement of the power amplifier under the fixed jaw at one end of the base body and the arrangement of the drive device so that it is located essentially within the other end of the base body and in the fully open position of the movable jaw under this, has the advantage that the overall length the machine vise is not or not significantly enlarged by the power amplifier and the drive device, so that the machine vise has a favorable ratio between the overall length and the maximum span. Of particular advantage is the fact that the abutment of the power amplifier and thus the screw spindle is arranged below the fixed jaw. This, in combination with the train connection, exerts a tensile force on the screw spindle during tensioning. The moveable The clamping jaw is thus pulled towards the fixed clamping jaw by the screw spindle during the clamping process and reaction forces acting on the base body in the opposite direction to one another are thus avoided. This also prevents a deflection of the base body upwards during the clamping process.

In dem DE-GM 87 17 051 ist zwar ein Maschinenschraubstock mit einer Gewindespindel beschrieben, deren Widerlager im Bereich unterhalb der festen Schraubstock-Backe angeordnet ist und deren Spindelmutter an einem die bewegliche Bakke tragenden Schieber beim Spannen die Spannkraft als Zugkraft überträgt. Damit soll ein unmittelbarer Kraftschluß der Backen über die Schraubspindel hergestellt werden, wodurch der Schraubstockkörper selbst von den Einspannkräften weitgehend entlastet bleibt. Jedoch weist dieser Maschinenschraubstock keinen Kraftverstärker und damit auch keine den Kraftverstärker und die Schraubspindel gemeinsam betätigende Antriebsvorrichtung auf.DE-GM 87 17 051 describes a machine vice with a threaded spindle, the abutment of which is arranged in the region below the fixed vice jaw and whose spindle nut transmits the clamping force as tensile force to a slide carrying the movable jaw when clamping. This is intended to establish a direct frictional connection of the jaws via the screw spindle, as a result of which the vice body itself remains largely relieved of the clamping forces. However, this machine vice has no power amplifier and therefore also no drive device which actuates the power amplifier and the screw spindle together.

Die unerwünschten Verformungen des Grundkörpers werden vermieden, wenn man eine Zugspindel einsetzt und das Widerlager an der festen Spannbacke abstützt. Eine solche Ausführung zeigt die EP 0 324 057 A1. Hier kann der Kraftverstärker unter der Festbacke angeordnet werden, wodurch sich eine Zugkraft auf die bewegliche Spannbacke ergibt. Das Problem des Hochgehens der beweglichen Spannbacke ist hier, wie allgemein üblich, mit einer sehr langen Unterzugführung gelöst worden. Diese erreicht ca. 60% der Gesamtlänge des Spannerunterteils. Damit wird zwar ein günstiges Hebelverhältnis erreicht und das Hochgehen der beweglichen Spannbacke verringert. Die Fertigung solcher langer Führungen erfordert jedoch die Einhaltung enger und teurer Toleranzen, und der Spannbereich ist sehr kurz.The undesirable deformations of the base body are avoided if a pull spindle is used and the abutment is supported on the fixed clamping jaw. Such an embodiment is shown in EP 0 324 057 A1. Here the power amplifier can be arranged under the fixed jaw, which results in a tensile force on the movable clamping jaw. The problem of the movable clamping jaw going up has been solved here, as is generally the case, with a very long beam guide. This reaches about 60% of the total length of the lower part of the tensioner. A favorable leverage ratio is indeed achieved and the movement of the movable clamping jaw is reduced. However, the manufacture of such long guides requires close and expensive tolerances to be observed and the clamping range is very short.

Hier gibt es nun die Möglichkeit, die bewegliche Spannbacke in ein Oberteil und ein Unterteil aufzuteilen und die Kraft von der Schraubspindel auf die bewegliche Spannbacke mittels einer geneigten Fläche zwischen Ober- und Unterteil zu übertragen. Dieses Verfahren verhindert prinzipiell ein Hochgehen der beweglichen Spannbacke beim Spannen.Here it is now possible to divide the movable clamping jaw into an upper part and a lower part and to transmit the force from the screw spindle to the movable clamping jaw by means of an inclined surface between the upper and lower part. In principle, this procedure prevents the movable clamping jaw from rising when clamping.

Ein Beispiel zeigt die US-PS 4,098,500. Allerdings weist dieser Spanner keinen Kraftverstärker auf. Außerdem gibt es beim Spannen eine Druckkraft auf das Unterteil, welche von der Festbacke zum Widerlager reicht und daher das Unterteil bei Einsatz eines Kraftverstärkers verformen würde.An example is shown in US Pat. No. 4,098,500. However, this tensioner has no power amplifier. In addition, there is a compressive force on the lower part during clamping, which extends from the fixed jaw to the abutment and would therefore deform the lower part when using a power amplifier.

Bei der erfindungsgemäßen Ausgestaltung des Maschinenschraubstocks werden diese Nachteile vermieden. Das Werkstück bleibt beim Spannvorgang praktisch unverrückt. Der Schraubstock ist einfach zu bedienen und bietet vielfältige Einsatzmöglichkeiten. Die Gesamtbaulänge, die sich addiert aus der Festbacke, dem Spannbereich und der beweglichen Spannbacke, ist lediglich gleich der Länge des Grundkörpers, so daß keine überstehenden Teile vorhanden sind. Dabei sind alle Spindelteile im Grundkörper integriert. Bei Verwendung einer Zugspindel ergibt sich kein Verbiegen des Grundkörpers aufgrund der Spannkraft. Trotz einer sehr kurzen Spindelmutter wird ein Verkanten der beweglichen Spannbacke vermieden. Der Schlitten ist über den ganzen, bis auf Null reduzierbaren Spannweg mit der Kurbel bewegbar, und der Einsatz von Standardbacken anderer Spannertypen und von Aufsatzbacken zur Verlängerung des Spannbereichs sind ohne weiteres möglich. Unterhalb des Spannbereichs ergibt sich ein Freiraum für den notwendigen Auslauf von Bohr- oder Gewindeschneidwerkzeugen.These disadvantages are avoided in the configuration of the machine vice according to the invention. The workpiece remains practically unchanged during the clamping process. The vice is easy to use and offers a wide range of uses. The overall length, which is the sum of the fixed jaw, the clamping area and the movable clamping jaw, is only equal to the length of the base body, so that there are no protruding parts. All spindle parts are integrated in the base body. When using a tension spindle, there is no bending of the base body due to the clamping force. Despite a very short spindle nut, tilting of the movable jaw is avoided. The slide can be moved with the crank over the entire clamping path, which can be reduced to zero, and the use of standard jaws of other types of clamps and of top jaws for extending the clamping range is easily possible. There is free space below the clamping range for the necessary run-out of drilling or tapping tools.

Im folgenden wird die Erfindung an mehreren in der Zeichnung dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen näher erläutert. Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt eines ersten Ausführungsbeispiels des Maschinenschraubstockes mit mechanischem Kraftverstärker,
  • Fig. 2 einen Teillängsschnitt dieses Ausführungsbeispiels im Bereich der feststehenden Spannbakke etwa im Maßstab 1:1,
  • Fig. 3 einen Teillängsschnitt dieses Ausführungsbeispieles im Bereich der Antriebsvorrichtung am anderen Ende des Grundkörpers, ebenfalls etwa im Maßstab 1:1,
  • Fig. 4 einen Querschnitt nach der Linie IV-IV der Fig. 2,
  • Fig. 5 einen Teillängsschnitt einer zweiten Ausführungsform des Maschinenschraubstockes mit mechanischem Kraftverstärker im Bereich der festen Spannbacke,
  • Fig. 6 einen Teillängsschnitt eines dritten Ausführungsbeispiels des Maschinenschraubstockes mit hydraulischem Kraftverstärker,
  • Fig. 7 einen Längsschnitt einer bevorzugten Ausführungsform eines erfindungsgemäßen Maschinenschraubstocks in Spannstellung,
  • Fig. 8 den Maschinenschraubstock nach Fig. 7 in maximal geöffneter Stellung,
  • Fig. 9 einen Querschnitt durch den Maschinenschraubstock nach Fig. 8 längs der Linie 11-11,
  • Fig. 10 und 11 stirnseitige Ansichten auf zwei alternative Ausführungsformen eines Unterteils der beim erfindungsgemäßen Maschinenschraubstock verwendeten beweglichen Spannbacke,
  • Fig. 12 und 13 Längsschnitte durch zwei alternative Ausführungsformen einer beweglichen Spannbacke.
The invention is explained in more detail below using several exemplary embodiments shown in the drawing. Show it:
  • 1 is a longitudinal section of a first embodiment of the machine vice with mechanical power amplifier,
  • 2 shows a partial longitudinal section of this embodiment in the area of the fixed clamping jaw approximately on a scale of 1: 1,
  • 3 shows a partial longitudinal section of this exemplary embodiment in the area of the drive device at the other end of the base body, likewise on a scale of 1: 1,
  • 4 shows a cross section along the line IV-IV of FIG. 2,
  • 5 shows a partial longitudinal section of a second embodiment of the machine vice with a mechanical power amplifier in the area of the fixed clamping jaw,
  • 6 is a partial longitudinal section of a third embodiment of the machine vice with hydraulic power amplifier,
  • 7 shows a longitudinal section of a preferred embodiment of a machine vice according to the invention in the clamping position,
  • 8 shows the machine vice according to FIG. 7 in the maximum open position,
  • 9 shows a cross section through the machine vice according to FIG. 8 along the line 11-11,
  • 10 and 11 end views of two alternative off embodiments of a lower part of the movable clamping jaw used in the machine vice according to the invention,
  • 12 and 13 are longitudinal sections through two alternative embodiments of a movable clamping jaw.

Beim Ausführungsbeispiel gemäß der Fig. 1 bis 4 weist der im Querschnitt im wesentlichen U-förmige Grundkörper 1 an seinem einen Ende eine feste Spannbacke 2 auf, die vorzugsweise mit dem Grundkörper aus einem Stück besteht. Eine bewegliche Spannbacke 3 ist in dem Grundkörper 1 senkrecht zur festen Spannbacke 2 in Richtung B verschiebbar. Die bewegliche Spannbacke 3 weist einen nach unten gerichteten, in den Grundkörper 1 eingreifenden Ansatz 4 auf, in welchem die Spindelmutter 5 eingearbeitet ist. In der durchgehenden Ausnehmung 6 des Grundkörpers 1 ist eine Schraubspindel 7 angeordnet, die in die Spindelmutter 5 eingreift.In the exemplary embodiment according to FIGS. 1 to 4, the base body 1, which is essentially U-shaped in cross section, has a fixed clamping jaw 2 at one end, which preferably consists of one piece with the base body. A movable clamping jaw 3 is displaceable in direction B in the base body 1 perpendicular to the fixed clamping jaw 2. The movable clamping jaw 3 has a downward-facing shoulder 4 which engages in the base body 1 and in which the spindle nut 5 is incorporated. A screw spindle 7 is arranged in the continuous recess 6 of the base body 1 and engages in the spindle nut 5.

Im Bereich unterhalb der festen Spannbacke 2 ist im Grundkörper 1 ein mechanischer Kraftverstärker 8 bekannter Bauart (vgl. DE-U-78 30 221) angeordnet. Ein Widerlagerteil 8a stützt sich an einem Widerlager 9 ab, welches zwischen den Kraftverstärker 8 und ein der festen Spannbacke 2 benachbartes Ende 7a der Schraubspindel eingreift. Das Widerlager 9 könnte auch, wie es in Fig. 5 dargestellt ist, unmittelbar im Schraubstockkörper 1 vorgesehen sein. Vorzugsweise ist jedoch das Widerlager 9 an einer Widerlagerbüchse 10 vorgesehen, die in eine entsprechende zylindrische Durchgangsbohrung 11 im Grundkörper 1 eingesetzt ist. Die Widerlagerbüchse weist an ihrem der Schraubspindel 7 abgekehrten Ende einen Flansch 12 auf, mit welchem sie sich an einem Ringabsatz 13 des Grundkörpers abstützt, der an die Durchgangsbohrung 11 angrenzt. Die Widerlagerbüchse 10 erstreckt sich mit ihrem der Schraubspindel 7 zugekehrten Ende 10a mindestens bis zu dem der Schraubspindel zugekehrten Ende 2a der festen Spannbacke 2. Vorzugsweise ist die Widerlagerbüchse 10 an ihrem der Schraubspindel 7 abgekehrten Ende durch einen topfartigen Deckel 14 abgeschlossen. Dieser Deckel 14 und die Widerlagerbüchse 10 werden durch einen Federring 15 in der Durchgangsbohrung 11 gehalten.In the area below the fixed clamping jaw 2, a mechanical power amplifier 8 of a known type (cf. DE-U-78 30 221) is arranged in the base body 1. An abutment part 8a is supported on an abutment 9 which engages between the power amplifier 8 and an end 7a of the screw spindle adjacent to the fixed clamping jaw 2. The abutment 9, as shown in FIG. 5, could also be provided directly in the vice body 1. However, the abutment 9 is preferably provided on an abutment bush 10 which is inserted into a corresponding cylindrical through-bore 11 in the base body 1. At its end facing away from the screw spindle 7, the abutment bushing has a flange 12 with which it is supported on an annular shoulder 13 of the base body, which adjoins the through bore 11. The abutment sleeve 10 extends with its end 10a facing the screw spindle 7 at least up to the end 2a of the fixed clamping jaw 2 facing the screw spindle. Preferably, the abutment sleeve 10 is closed at its end facing away from the screw spindle 7 by a pot-like cover 14. This cover 14 and the abutment sleeve 10 are held in the through hole 11 by a spring ring 15.

Der Kraftverstärker 8 weist ein keilförmiges Primärglied 16 und ein scheibenförmiges Sekundärglied 17 auf. Wird das Primärglied 16 durch die in der Hohlspindel 7 angeordnete Druckstange 18 in Richtung C nach links bewegt, dann werden die Walzen 19 in einen Raum gedrückt, der sich radial nach außen verengt. Hierdurch wird das Sekundärglied 17 mit entsprechender Kraftübersetzung ebenfalls nach links bewegt, jedoch um einen geringeren Betrag als das Primärglied 16. Um die Teile 16, 17 und 19 des Kraftverstärkers 8 stets in gegenseitiger Anlage zu halten und auch in ihre Ausgangsposition zurückzuführen, ist eine Druckfeder 20 vorgesehen, die vorzugsweise zwischen dem Deckel 14 und dem Sekundärglied 17 angeordnet ist.The power amplifier 8 has a wedge-shaped primary member 16 and a disk-shaped secondary member 17. If the primary member 16 is moved in the direction C to the left by the push rod 18 arranged in the hollow spindle 7, then the rollers 19 are pressed into a space which narrows radially outward. As a result, the secondary member 17 is also moved to the left with a corresponding power transmission, but by a smaller amount than the primary member 16. In order to always keep the parts 16, 17 and 19 of the booster 8 in mutual contact and also to return them to their starting position, there is a compression spring 20 is provided, which is preferably arranged between the cover 14 and the secondary member 17.

Innerhalb der Widerlagerbüchse 10 ist konzentrisch hierzu eine Zughülse 21 vorgesehen, die axial in der Widerlagerbüchse 10 verschiebbar ist und den Kraftverstärker 8 umgibt. Die Zughülse ist an ihrem einen Ende durch einen Schraubdeckel 22 abgeschlossen, an dessen Innenseite das Sekundärglied 17 abgestützt ist. An ihrem anderen Ende weist die Zughülse 21 drei in gleichen Winkelabständen zueinander angeordnete, axial gerichtete Zugstege 23 auf, die in gleichen Umfangswinkelabständen zueinander angeordnet sind. Diese Zugstege 23 erstrecken sich jeweils durch entsprechende axiale Ausnehmungen 24 in der Widerlagerbüchse 10 hindurch bis zu dem der festen Spannbacke 2 benachbarten Ende 7a der Schraubspindel. Die Zugstege 23 sind an ihren Enden mit radial nach innen gerichteten Klauen 23a versehen, die einen am Ende 7a der Schraubspindel 7 vorgesehenen Flansch 25 hintergreifen. Eine Dichtung 26 dichtet den Innenraum der Widerlagerbüchse 10 gegenüber dem Schraubspindelende 7a ab.A pulling sleeve 21 is provided concentrically to this in the abutment bushing 10 and can be axially displaced in the abutment bushing 10 and surrounds the power amplifier 8. The tension sleeve is closed at one end by a screw cap 22, on the inside of which the secondary member 17 is supported. At its other end, the tension sleeve 21 has three axially directed tension webs 23 which are arranged at equal angular distances from one another and which are arranged at the same circumferential angular distances from one another. These tension webs 23 each extend through corresponding axial recesses 24 in the abutment bushing 10 to the end 7a of the screw spindle adjacent to the fixed clamping jaw 2. The tension webs 23 are provided at their ends with radially inwardly directed claws 23a which engage behind a flange 25 provided at the end 7a of the screw spindle 7. A seal 26 seals the interior of the abutment bush 10 from the screw spindle end 7a.

Es ist ferner eine gemeinsame Antriebsvorrichtung 27 vorgesehen, mit welcher sowohl die Schraubspindel 7 als auch der Kraftverstärker 8 zeitlich nacheinander antreibbar sind. Die Antriebsvorrichtung 27 ist in den der festen Spannbacke 2 gegenüberliegenden Ende 1a des Grundkörpers 1 so angeordnet, daß sie ganz oder zumindest im wesentlichen innerhalb des Grundkörpers 1 liegt und sich die bewegliche Spannbacke 3, wie es in Fig. 1 dargestellt ist, in ihrer voll geöffneten Stellung über der Antriebsvorrichtung 27 befindet. Die Antriebsvorrichtung 27 ist von einem zylindrischen Gehäuse 28 umschlossen, dessen der Schraubspindel 7 zugekehrtes Ende über eine formschlüssige Verbindung drehfest, jedoch axial verschiebbar mit der Schraubspindel verbunden ist. Die formschlüssige Verbindung kann beispielsweise darin bestehen, daß das Gehäuse 28 an seinem einen Ende 28a eine im Querschnitt sechseckige Öffnung 28c aufweist, welche das entsprechend sechseckig ausgebildete Ende 7b der Schraubspindel 7 umfaßt. Das andere Ende 28b des Gehäuses ist drehbar und axial unverschiebbar in einer mit dem Grundkörper 1 verbundenen Halteplatte 29 gelagert. Die Antriebsvorrichtung 27 umfaßt ferner eine Gewindehülse 30, die fest mit dem Gehäuse 28 verbunden ist. In die Gewindehülse 30 greift eine Antriebsspindel 31 ein, deren äußeres Ende mit einem Innensechskant 31 a versehen ist. In den Innensechskant 31 a kann eine nicht dargestellte Handkurbel eingesetzt werden. Ferner ist zwischen der Gewindehülse 30 und der Antriebsspindel 31 eine Drehmomentkupplung vorgesehen, die beim gezeigten Ausführungsbeispiel aus einer drehfest mit der Antriebsspindel 31 verbundenen, jedoch auf ihr entgegen der Kraft der Feder 32 verschiebbaren Kupplungsscheibe 33 besteht, welche mit einem Nocken 34 in eine entsprechende Vertiefung der Gewindehülse 30 eingreift. Über die Drehmomentkupplung 32 - 34 sind die Antriebsspindel 31 und die Gewindehülse 30 bis zum Erreichen eines vorbestimmten Drehmomentes drehfest miteinander verbunden.A common drive device 27 is also provided, with which both the screw spindle 7 and the power amplifier 8 can be driven one after the other in time. The drive device 27 is arranged in the end 1a of the base body 1 opposite the fixed jaw 2 in such a way that it lies entirely or at least essentially within the base body 1 and the movable jaw 3, as shown in FIG. 1, is full open position above the drive device 27. The drive device 27 is enclosed by a cylindrical housing 28, the end of which faces the screw spindle 7 is connected to the screw spindle in a rotationally fixed but axially displaceable manner via a positive connection. The positive connection can consist, for example, in that the housing 28 has at its one end 28a an opening 28c with a hexagonal cross section, which includes the correspondingly hexagonal end 7b of the screw spindle 7. The other end 28b of the housing is rotatably and axially immovably mounted in a holding plate 29 connected to the base body 1. The drive device 27 further comprises a threaded sleeve 30 which is fixedly connected to the housing 28. In the threaded sleeve 30 engages a drive spindle 31, the outer end of which is provided with a hexagon socket 31 a. A hand crank, not shown, can be inserted into the hexagon socket 31 a. Furthermore, between the threaded sleeve 30 and the drive spindle 31 a torque clutch is provided which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, consists of a clutch disc 33 which is non-rotatably connected to the drive spindle 31 but can be displaced thereon against the force of the spring 32 and which engages with a cam 34 in a corresponding recess in the threaded sleeve 30. The drive spindle 31 and the threaded sleeve 30 are connected to one another in a rotationally fixed manner until a predetermined torque is reached via the torque coupling 32-34.

Zum Außenspannen eines Werkstückes W wird dieses zwischen die breiten Spannbacken 2 und 3 auf den Grundkörper 1 gelegt. Mittels einer nicht dargestellten Handkurbel kann dann die Antriebsspindel 31 gedreht werden und nimmt dabei über die Drehmomentkupplung 32 - 34 die Gewindehülse 30 und das mit ihr drehfest verbundene zylindrische Gehäuse 28 mit. Durch Drehung des Gehäuses 28 wird über die formschlüssige Verbindung 7b/28c die Schraubspindel 7 angetrieben. Diese bewegt mittels der Spindelmutter 5 die bewegliche Spannbacke 3 nach links in Richtung auf das Werkstück W zu, bis die bewegliche Spannbacke 3 am Werkstück W anliegt. Steigt der Spanndruck an, dann rastet die Drehmomentkupplung 32 - 34 aus und die Schraubspindel 7 wird nicht mehr weiter angetrieben. Bei weiterer Drehung der Antriebsspindel 31 verschraubt sich diese in der nunmehr ruhenden Gewindehülse nach links und drückt auf die Druckstange 18, die ihrerseits auf das Primärglied 16 drückt und dieses in Richtung C bewegt. Hierdurch wird auch das Sekundärglied 17 in Richtung C um einen geringeren Weg als das Primärglied 16, jedoch mit größerer Kraft nach links bewegt. Die vom Sekundärglied 17 erzeugte, nach außen gerichtete Druckkraft wird durch die Zughülse 21 und ihre Zugstege 23 in eine auf den Flansch 25 der Spindel 7 einwirkende Zugkraft umgesetzt. Hierdurch wird die bewegliche Spannbacke 3 mit hoher Kraft gegen das Werkstück W gezogen und dieses festgespannt. Da die Widerlagerbüchse 10 beim Spannen auf Zug beansprucht wird und sich mit ihrem Flansch 12 am Ringabsatz 13 des Grundkörpers 1 abstützt, erfolgt eine direkte Kraftübertragung zwischen Widerlagerbüchse 10 und Grundkörper 1, ohne daß irgendwelche, nachgiebige Verbindungsteile belastet werden.For external clamping of a workpiece W, this is placed between the wide clamping jaws 2 and 3 on the base body 1. The drive spindle 31 can then be rotated by means of a hand crank (not shown) and takes the threaded sleeve 30 and the cylindrical housing 28 connected to it in a rotationally fixed manner via the torque coupling 32-34. By rotating the housing 28, the screw spindle 7 is driven via the positive connection 7b / 28c. This moves the movable clamping jaw 3 to the left in the direction of the workpiece W by means of the spindle nut 5 until the movable clamping jaw 3 lies against the workpiece W. If the clamping pressure increases, the torque clutch 32-34 disengages and the screw spindle 7 is no longer driven. As the drive spindle 31 rotates further, it is screwed to the left in the now stationary threaded sleeve and presses on the push rod 18, which in turn presses on the primary member 16 and moves it in the direction C. As a result, the secondary member 17 is also moved in the direction C to a lesser distance than the primary member 16, but with greater force to the left. The outward pressure force generated by the secondary member 17 is converted by the tension sleeve 21 and its tension webs 23 into a tension force acting on the flange 25 of the spindle 7. As a result, the movable clamping jaw 3 is pulled against the workpiece W with high force and this is clamped. Since the abutment bush 10 is stressed during tension and is supported with its flange 12 on the ring shoulder 13 of the base body 1, there is a direct transmission of force between the abutment bush 10 and the base body 1 without any resilient connecting parts being loaded.

Anhand des in Fig. 5 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispieles soll gezeigt werden, daß die außen am Kraftverstärker 8 vorbeiführende und durch das Widerlager 9 hindurchgeführte Zugverbindung zwischen Sekundärteil 17 und dem Ende 7a der Schraubspindel 7 auch auf andere Weise ausgestattet sein kann. Das antriebsseitige Ende dieses Ausführungsbeispieles ist genauso ausgeführt, wie es in Fig. 1 und 3 des vorhergehenden Ausführungsbeispiels gezeigt ist. Teile gleicher Funktion sind mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet, so daß obige Beschreibung sinngemäß zutrifft. Bei dem in Fig. 5 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel weist die Zugverbindung mindestens zwei axial gerichtete Zugbolzen 35 auf, die sich durch axial gerichtete Bohrungen 36 des Widerlagers 9 bzw. Grundkörpers 1 hindurcherstrecken. Die Zugbolzen 35 sind einerseits mit einer das Sekundärglied 17 tragenden Scheibe 17a und andererseits mit einem das Ende 7a der Schraubspindel umgebenden Ring 37 verbunden. Dieser Ring hintergreift den am Ende 7a der Schraubspindel 7 vorgesehenen Flansch 25. Bei Bewegung des Primärgliedes 16 unter Wirkung der Druckstange 18 in Richtung C nach links wird die am Sekundärglied 17 entstehende verstärkte, nach links gerichtete Druckkraft mittels der Zugbolzen 35 in eine auf die Schraubspindel 7 wirkende Zugkraft umgesetzt.Based on the embodiment shown in Fig. 5 is to be shown that the outside of the booster 8 and passing through the abutment 9 train connection between the secondary part 17 and the end 7a of the screw 7 can also be equipped in other ways. The drive end of this embodiment is designed exactly as shown in Figs. 1 and 3 of the previous embodiment. Parts of the same function are designated by the same reference numerals, so that the above description applies accordingly. In the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 5, the train connection has at least two axially directed tension bolts 35, which extend through axially directed bores 36 of the abutment 9 or base body 1. The tension bolts 35 are connected on the one hand to a washer 17a carrying the secondary member 17 and on the other hand to a ring 37 surrounding the end 7a of the screw spindle. This ring engages behind the flange 25 provided at the end 7a of the screw spindle 7. When the primary member 16 moves to the left under the action of the push rod 18 in the direction C, the strengthened, leftward pressure force which arises on the secondary member 17 is pulled into a screw spindle by means of the pull bolts 35 7 acting tensile force implemented.

Bei den in den Fig. 6 und 7 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispielen findet jeweils ein hydraulischer Kraftverstärker 38 Anwendung. Auch hier sind Teile gleicher Funktion mit den gleichen Bezugszeichen bezeichnet wie bei den vorhergehenden Ausführungsbeispielen, und obige Beschreibung trifft sinngemäß zu. Der hydraulische Kraftverstärker 38 ist ebenfalls unterhalb der festen Spannbacke 2 im Grundkörper 1 angeordnet. Wie bei dem in Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel ist das Widerlager 9 in einer Widerlagerbüchse 10 vorgesehen, die in eine Durchgangsbohrung 11 des Grundkörpers 1 eingesetzt ist. In der Widerlagerbüchse 10 ist der Sekundärkolben 39 des Kraftverstärkers 38 verschiebbar gelagert. Das freie Ende der Druckstange bildet vorzugsweise den Primärkolben 40, oder es wirkt auf den Primärkolben ein. Zwischen dem Sekundärkolben 39 und dem der festen Spannbacke 2 benachbarten Ende 7a der Schraubspindel 7 ist ein hohles, den Primärkolben 40 konzentrisch umgebendes Verbindungsteil 41 vorgesehen, über welches der Sekundärkolben 39 mit dem Ende 7a zugfest verbunden ist. Der mit Hydraulikflüssigkeit gefüllte Innenraum 41 a des Verbindungsteiles 41 ist über Querbohrungen 42 mit dem ihn umgebenden Zylinderraum 43 des Sekundärkolbens 39 verbunden. Bei Bewegung des Primärkolbens 40 in Richtung C nach links wird Hydraulikflüssigkeit aus dem Innenraum 41 a in den Zylinderraum 43 verdrängt und schiebt damit den Sekundärkolben 39 nach links. Da der Sekundärkolben 39 eine wesentlich größere Fläche aufweist als der Primärkolben 40, erfolgt eine Kraftübersetzung. Die nach links gerichtete Kraft des Sekundärkolbens 39 wird über das hohle Verbindungsteil 41 auf die Spindel 7 übertragen und damit eine hohe Zugkraft in die Spindel eingeleitet.In the exemplary embodiments shown in FIGS. 6 and 7, a hydraulic power amplifier 38 is used in each case. Here, too, parts of the same function are designated with the same reference numerals as in the previous exemplary embodiments, and the above description applies analogously. The hydraulic power amplifier 38 is also arranged below the fixed clamping jaw 2 in the base body 1. As in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the abutment 9 is provided in an abutment bushing 10 which is inserted into a through bore 11 of the base body 1. In the abutment sleeve 10, the secondary piston 39 of the booster 38 is slidably mounted. The free end of the push rod preferably forms the primary piston 40, or it acts on the primary piston. Between the secondary piston 39 and the end 7a of the screw spindle 7 adjacent to the fixed clamping jaw 2 there is a hollow connecting part 41 which concentrically surrounds the primary piston 40 and via which the secondary piston 39 is connected in a tensile manner to the end 7a. The interior 41 a of the connecting part 41 filled with hydraulic fluid is connected via transverse bores 42 to the cylinder space 43 of the secondary piston 39 surrounding it. When the primary piston 40 moves in the direction C to the left, hydraulic fluid is displaced from the interior 41 a into the cylinder space 43 and thus pushes the secondary piston 39 to the left. Since the secondary piston 39 has a much larger area than the primary piston 40, a force transmission takes place. The force of the secondary piston 39 directed to the left is transmitted to the spindle 7 via the hollow connecting part 41 and thus a high tensile force is introduced into the spindle.

Zum Antrieb der Schraubspindel 7 und der auf den Primärkolben 40 einwirkenden Druckstange kann eine gemeinsame Antriebsvorrichtung, entsprechend der gemeinsamen Antriebsvorrichtung 27, bei dem in Fig. 1 bis 3 dargestellten Ausführungsbeispiel vorgesehen sein.A common drive device can be used to drive the screw spindle 7 and the pressure rod acting on the primary piston 40 speaking of the common drive device 27, may be provided in the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 to 3.

Die Ausführungsbeispiele der Fig. 7 bis 13 verwenden bevorzugt in Weiterbildung der Erfindung einen Maschinenschraubstock mit der zweigeteilten beweglichen Spannbacke 103. Die Fig. 7 und 8 beziehen sich auf ein Ausführungsbeispiel mit einem hydraulischen Kraftverstärker 38 gemäß Fig. 6 und einer Antriebsvorrichtung 27 gemäß Fig. 3. Für gleiche Teile werden die gleichen Bezugszeichen verwendet und bezüglich der Beschreibung im einzelnen auf die vorstehenden Ausführungen verwiesen.The exemplary embodiments of FIGS. 7 to 13 preferably use a machine vice with the two-part movable clamping jaw 103 in a development of the invention. FIGS. 7 and 8 relate to an exemplary embodiment with a hydraulic power amplifier 38 according to FIG. 6 and a drive device 27 according to FIG. 3. The same reference numerals are used for the same parts and reference is made to the above explanations with regard to the description.

Die nachstehende Beschreibung befaßt sich deshalb nur mit den Modifikationen, die gegenüber den bereits beschriebenen Ausführungsformen vorgenommen wurden.The following description is therefore concerned only with the modifications that have been made to the previously described embodiments.

Es wird zunächst auf die Fig. 7, 8 und 9 Bezug genommen, die eine bewegliche Spannbacke 103 mit erfindungsgemäßer Ausgestaltung zeigen.Reference is first made to FIGS. 7, 8 and 9, which show a movable clamping jaw 103 with a configuration according to the invention.

Insbesondere weist die bewegliche Spannbakke 103 ein Unterteil 104 auf, das eine Spindelmutter 105 mit verhältnismäßig geringer Länge besitzt, und einen an die Spindelmutter 105 angefügten Einsatzteil 112, der in einer Ausnehmung 110 eines Oberteils 106 der beweglichen Spannbacke 103 mit Spiel aufgenommen wird. Das Unterteil 104 stellt einen Schlitten dar, der in axialer Richtung bewegt wird und das Oberteil 106 mitnimmt. Es ist zu beachten, daß der Schlitten 104 erheblich länger als die Spindelmutter 105 ist mit einer domförmigen Ausbildung, die einerseits ein Zurückziehen über die Antriebsvorrichtung 27 ermöglicht, andererseits aber eine Führung über die ganze Länge bietet.In particular, the movable clamping jaw 103 has a lower part 104, which has a spindle nut 105 with a relatively short length, and an insert part 112 attached to the spindle nut 105, which is received with play in a recess 110 in an upper part 106 of the movable clamping jaw 103. The lower part 104 represents a slide which is moved in the axial direction and takes the upper part 106 with it. It should be noted that the carriage 104 is considerably longer than the spindle nut 105 with a dome-shaped configuration which on the one hand enables retraction via the drive device 27 but on the other hand offers guidance over the entire length.

Von Bedeutung sind dabei verschiedene sich gegenüberliegende Flächen des Ober- und Unterteils 106 bzw. 104, insbesondere unter einem Winkel zwischen 55 ° und 750, bevorzugt ca. 65 ° und 70 gegenüber der Längsachse der Schraubspindel 7 verlaufende Flächen 114, 116 sowie im wesentlichen horizontal, d. h. parallel zur Schraubspindel 7 verlaufende Flächen 118, 120 bzw. 122, 124, wobei letztere einen geringeren Abstand von der Längsachse der Schraubspindel 7 haben als die Flächen 118, 120 (vgl. Fig. 13).Of importance here are various opposing surfaces of the upper and lower parts 106 and 104, in particular at an angle between 55 ° and 750, preferably approximately 65 ° and 70, surfaces 114, 116 and essentially horizontal relative to the longitudinal axis of the screw spindle 7 , ie surfaces 118, 120 or 122, 124 running parallel to the screw spindle 7, the latter being at a smaller distance from the longitudinal axis of the screw spindle 7 than the surfaces 118, 120 (cf. FIG. 13).

Der Einsatzteil 112 hat Spiel in radialer, insbesondere aber in axialer Richtung. Letzteres Spiel wird jedoch kraftschlüssig begrenzt, beispielsweise durch ein Tellerfederpaket 136 oder eine andere Federanordnung, das bzw. die in einer Ausnehmung 134 eingesetzt ist/sind, die an der der Fläche 116 gegenüberliegenden Stirnseite des Einsatzteils 112 eingearbeitet ist. Gegen das Tellerfederpaket 136 drückt ein Gewindestift 132, der durch eine Gewindebohrung 130 geführt ist, die in Richtung der Längsachse der Schraubspindel 7 von der äußeren Stirnseite aus im Oberteil 106 verläuft. In Fig. 12 und 13 sind Ausnehmungen 140 im Oberteil 106 angedeutet, in die in bekannter Weise Zusatzbacken einsetzbar sind.The insert part 112 has play in the radial, but in particular in the axial direction. However, the latter play is non-positively limited, for example by a plate spring assembly 136 or another spring arrangement which is / are inserted in a recess 134 which is incorporated on the end face of the insert part 112 opposite the surface 116. A set screw 132 presses against the plate spring assembly 136, which is guided through a threaded bore 130 which runs in the upper part 106 in the direction of the longitudinal axis of the screw spindle 7 from the outer end face. 12 and 13, recesses 140 are indicated in the upper part 106, in which additional jaws can be inserted in a known manner.

Wie nachstehend noch näher erläutert, ist die Ausbildung der Anlage zwischen den Flächen 114, 116 des Ober- bzw. Unterteils 106, 104 für die Erfindung von Bedeutung, wozu mehrere Alternativen vorgeschlagen werden.As explained in more detail below, the formation of the system between the surfaces 114, 116 of the upper and lower part 106, 104 is important for the invention, for which purpose several alternatives are proposed.

So zeigt Fig. 13 die einfachste Ausführung, bei der die beiden lediglich gefrästen Flächen 114, 116 im Spannzustand miteinander in Anlage kommen. In Abwandlung könnte eine Fläche eben und die andere Fläche gewölbt, etwa zylindrisch sein. Damit ergibt sich eine Linienberührung zwischen der ebenen Fläche und der gewölbten Fläche. Hierdurch würde die Reibung zwischen den Flächen verringert. Allerdings ergeben sich hohe Flächenpressungen. Daher benötigt diese Lösung hochfeste Werkstoffe und genaue Fertigung und ist daher teuer.13 shows the simplest embodiment, in which the two milled surfaces 114, 116 come into contact with one another in the clamped state. In a modification, one surface could be flat and the other surface curved, for example cylindrical. This results in a line contact between the flat surface and the curved surface. This would reduce the friction between the surfaces. However, there are high surface pressures. This solution therefore requires high-strength materials and precise manufacture and is therefore expensive.

Die Fig. 10, 11 und 12 geben Alternativen an, bei denen in der Fläche 114 des Einsatzteils 112 eine Ausnehmung 150 eingearbeitet ist, in die, geringfügig über die Fläche 114 überstehend, ein Einsatzkörper 152, vorzugsweise aus gehärtetem Stahl, eingesetzt ist. Die gegenüberliegende Fläche 116 ist lediglich gefräst. Wie insbesondere aus den Fig. 10 und 11 ersichtlich, kann die Ausnehmung 150 und damit der darin befindliche Einsatzkörper die Form einer Leiste 152 mit halbkreisförmigen Querschnitt (Fig. 11) oder die Form einer Halbkugel 152a mit entsprechender Ausnehmung 150a (Fig. 10) haben. Im Spannzustand ergibt sich dann wiederum eine flächige Anlage der Fläche 114 an der ebenen Fläche des Einsatzkörpers 152 bzw. 152a.10, 11 and 12 indicate alternatives in which a recess 150 is incorporated in the surface 114 of the insert part 112, into which an insert body 152, preferably made of hardened steel, is inserted, projecting slightly beyond the surface 114. The opposite surface 116 is only milled. As can be seen in particular from FIGS. 10 and 11, the recess 150 and thus the insert body located therein can have the shape of a strip 152 with a semicircular cross section (FIG. 11) or the shape of a hemisphere 152a with a corresponding recess 150a (FIG. 10) . In the tensioned state, there is again a flat contact of the surface 114 on the flat surface of the insert body 152 or 152a.

Eine dritte Alternative wäre die Ausbildung des Einsatzkörpers als Vollkugel in die Ausnehmung 150a in Fig. 10, wobei sich jedoch im Spannzustand aufgrund der nur punktförmigen Anlage ein äußerst hoher Flächendruck ergeben würde.A third alternative would be to design the insert body as a solid ball in the recess 150a in FIG. 10, but an extremely high surface pressure would result in the tensioned state due to the only punctiform contact.

Durch den beweglichen Einsatzkörper werden seitliche Winkelfehler von Führung, Ober- und Unterteil ausgeglichen.The movable insert body compensates for lateral angular errors in the guide, upper and lower part.

Von Bedeutung für diese Ausführungsform mit geteilter beweglicher Spannbacke 103 ist die verbesserte Führung der beweglichen Spannbacke im Grundkörper 101, wie sie insbesondere aus Fig. 9 deutlich hervorgeht.Of importance for this embodiment with divided movable clamping jaw 103 is the improved guidance of the movable clamping jaw in the base body 101, as can be seen particularly clearly in FIG. 9.

Wie bei dem Maschinenschraubstock der Ausführungsbeispiele nach den Fig. 1 bis 8 erfolgt die Führung der beweglichen Spannbacke 103 auf einer sich horizontal längs der Oberseite des Grundkörpers 101 erstreckenden Fläche 160, auf der eine untere horizontale Fläche 162 des Oberteils 106 aufliegt (vgl. Fig. 9).As in the machine vice of the exemplary embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 8, the movable clamping jaw 103 is guided on a surface 160 which extends horizontally along the upper side of the base body 101 and on which a lower horizontal surface 162 of the upper part 106 rests (cf. 9).

Die seitliche Führung wird durch aneinanderliegende, senkrechte Seitenflächen 168, 170 des Unterteils 104 bzw. des Grundkörpers 101 erzielt. Zusätzliche horizontale Führungen sind erfindungsgemäß zwischen an der Unterseite des Unterteils 104 seitlich überstehenden Stegen 165 mit annähernd rechteckiger Form und dazu komplementären Führungsrillen 167 im Grundkörper 101 angeordnet, die horizontal oben und unten geführt sind und zwar an unteren Flächen 172, 174 und oberen Flächen 164, 166.Lateral guidance is provided by vertical side surfaces 168, 170 of the Un Part 104 or the base body 101 achieved. According to the invention, additional horizontal guides are arranged between webs 165 with an approximately rectangular shape that project laterally on the underside of the lower part 104 and complementary guide grooves 167 in the base body 101, which are guided horizontally above and below, on lower surfaces 172, 174 and upper surfaces 164, 166.

Dreht man zum Spannen die (nicht gezeigte) Kurbel, so bewegt sich über das Gewinde der Schraubspindel 7 der Schlitten 104 des Unterteiles gegen das Werkstück. Über die schrägen Flächen 114/116 zwischen Schlitten 104 und Oberteil 106 mitgenommen, bewegt sich das Oberteil 106 auf den Führungsflächen 160 gegen das Werkstück.If the crank (not shown) is turned for clamping, the slide 104 of the lower part moves against the workpiece via the thread of the screw spindle 7. Carried over the inclined surfaces 114/116 between the slide 104 and the upper part 106, the upper part 106 moves on the guide surfaces 160 against the workpiece.

Durch die federnden Elemente, nämlich das Tellerfederpaket 136, ergibt sich eine Vorspannkraft, welche schon vor dem Spannen das Oberteil 106 flächig gegen die Führungsbahnen 160 drückt. Damit ist das Spiel zwischen Oberteil und Führungsbahn weitgehend beseitigt.The resilient elements, namely the plate spring assembly 136, result in a pretensioning force which presses the upper part 106 flat against the guideways 160 even before tensioning. This largely eliminates the play between the upper part and the guideway.

Der Schlitten 104 läuft mit einer oberen und unteren Führung 164/166 bzw. 172/174 im Innern des Grundkörpers 101. Da die Genauigkeit der Führung von den geschliffenen Oberflächen der Führungsbahn 160 und der Unterseite 162 des Oberteiles 106 bestimmt wird, müssen die Führungen 164/166 bzw. 172/174 im Innern des Grundkörpers 101 nicht geschliffen sein.The carriage 104 runs with an upper and lower guide 164/166 and 172/174 in the interior of the base body 101. Since the accuracy of the guide is determined by the ground surfaces of the guide track 160 and the underside 162 of the upper part 106, the guides 164 / 166 or 172/174 should not be ground inside the body 101.

Die Rechtwinkligkeit der Anordnung wird dadurch bestimmt, daß die senkrechten Stirnkanten der Führungsbahnen 168, 170 des Schlittens 104 bzw. des Grundkörpers 101 geschliffen sind.The perpendicularity of the arrangement is determined by the fact that the vertical end edges of the guideways 168, 170 of the slide 104 or of the base body 101 are ground.

Bewegt sich nun das Oberteil 106 gegen das Werkstück, so rastet die Kupplung 32, 33, 34 (Fig. 3) der Schraubspindel 7 aus, und über die axiale Stange 18 wird der Kraftverstärker betätigt. Der Kraftverstärker stützt sich gegen das Kopfteil des Grundkörpers 101 ab und zieht die Schraubspindel 7 nach vorne. Aufgrund der Abstutzung wird verhindert, daß das Kopfteil sich verformt. Außerdem wird der Grundkörper 101 weitgehend von den Spannkräften entlastet.If the upper part 106 now moves against the workpiece, the coupling 32, 33, 34 (FIG. 3) of the screw spindle 7 disengages, and the power amplifier is actuated via the axial rod 18. The power amplifier is supported against the head part of the base body 101 and pulls the screw spindle 7 forward. The support prevents the head part from deforming. In addition, the base body 101 is largely relieved of the clamping forces.

Die bewegliche Spannbacke 103 wird über das Gewinde der Zugspindel 7 in Spannstellung gezogen. Aufgrund der schrägen Kontaktflächen 114/116 ergibt sich eine horizontale Kraftkomponente, welche das Werkstück spannt, und eine Vertikalkomponente. Der Winkel der Flächen 114/116 zur Längsachse der Schraubspindel 7 ist so gewählt, daß die Vertikalkomponente so groß ist, daß das Oberteil 106 über seine gesamte Länge nach unten gedrückt wird. Da aber durch das Tellerfederpaket 136 das Oberteil 106 gegen die Führungsbahnen 160 gespannt wird, ergibt sich nur eine Spannbewegung nach vorne, aber keine nach oben oder unten, d. h. es tritt kein Verkanten des Oberteils 106 auf, welches das Werkstück bewegen könnte.The movable clamping jaw 103 is pulled into the clamping position via the thread of the tension spindle 7. The oblique contact surfaces 114/116 result in a horizontal force component, which clamps the workpiece, and a vertical component. The angle of the surfaces 114/116 to the longitudinal axis of the screw spindle 7 is chosen so that the vertical component is so large that the upper part 106 is pressed down over its entire length. However, since the top part 106 is tensioned against the guideways 160 by the plate spring assembly 136, there is only a tensioning movement forwards, but no upward or downward movement, i. H. there is no canting of the upper part 106, which could move the workpiece.

Es ist zu beachten, daß bei herkömmlichen Tiefzugsystemen ein Freiheitsgrad für die vertikale Bewegung der beweglichen Spannbacke vorhanden sein muß. Bei der Erfindung bewegt sich nur das Unterteil 104, was aber keinen Einfluß auf die bewegliche Spannbacke und damit das Werkstück hat.It should be noted that with conventional deep-drawing systems there must be a degree of freedom for the vertical movement of the movable clamping jaw. In the invention, only the lower part 104 moves, but this has no influence on the movable clamping jaw and thus the workpiece.

Bei herkömmlichen Tiefzugbacken wie z. B. beim schraubstock nach US-PS 3,146,784 wird zwar auch mit federnden Mitteln gearbeitet.With conventional deep-drawing jaws such. B. the vise according to US-PS 3,146,784 is indeed also worked with resilient means.

Diese drücken jedoch die bewegliche Spannbacke vor dem Spannen nach oben. Damit bewegt sich die bewegliche Spannbacke beim Spannen nach unten. Dieser Nachteil wird bei der Erfindung vermieden. Das Tellerfederpaket 136 bewirkt das Gegenteil.However, these push the movable clamping jaw upwards before clamping. The movable jaw moves downwards when clamping. This disadvantage is avoided in the invention. The plate spring assembly 136 does the opposite.

Aufgrund der Spannkraft und der geführten Lagerung wird der Schlitten 104 geringfügig soweit verkanten, bis sich die untere äußere Kante gegen die untere Führung 172 im Grundkörper 101 und die obere innere Kante gegen die obere Fläche der Führung 164 abstützt.Due to the clamping force and the guided bearing, the slide 104 is tilted slightly until the lower outer edge is supported against the lower guide 172 in the base body 101 and the upper inner edge against the upper surface of the guide 164.

Durch diese Anordnung bleibt also das Oberteil 106 ohne Bewegung, und es verkantet nur der Schlitten 104. Dies übt aber keinen Einfluß auf das Werkstück aus.This arrangement means that the upper part 106 remains motionless and only the slide 104 jams. However, this has no influence on the workpiece.

Beim Entspannen bewegt sich durch Linksdrehen die Schraubspindel 7 nach hinten. Das Oberteil wird über die federnden Elemente 136 mitgenommen, wobei sich die Anlage der Schrägflächen 114/116 löst und der Druck des Oberteils 106 auf die Führungsbahn 160 aufgehoben wird.When relaxing, the screw spindle 7 moves to the rear by turning to the left. The upper part is carried along via the resilient elements 136, whereby the inclined surfaces 114/116 come loose and the pressure of the upper part 106 on the guideway 160 is released.

Es sei darauf hingewiesen, daß beispielsweise bei dem Maschinenschraubstock nach US-PS 4,098,500 der Winkel der Schrägflächen 114/116 bei 45 ° gewählt ist, was zu hohen Reibungsverlusten führt. Bei dem erfindungsgemäßen Maschinenschraubstock ist es aufgrund der speziellen Führung für den Schlitten 104 möglich, in der Größenordnung von 65 bis 70 gegenüber der Längsachse der Schraubspindel 7 zu bleiben und die Reibung erheblich zu reduzieren.It should be noted that, for example, in the machine vice according to US Pat. No. 4,098,500, the angle of the inclined surfaces 114/116 is selected at 45 ° , which leads to high friction losses. In the machine vice according to the invention, it is possible due to the special guide for the slide 104 to remain in the order of 65 to 70 with respect to the longitudinal axis of the screw spindle 7 and to reduce the friction considerably.

Wie eingangs erwähnt, läßt sich die erfindungsgemäße Ausgestaltung der beweglichen Spannbacke 103 und ihrer Anordnung im Maschinenschraubstock auch bei den verschiedensten Ausführungsformen mit Vorteil anwenden, die nicht auf die Ausführungsformen nach den Fig. 1 bis 6 beschränkt sind. So ist beispielsweise der Einsatz bei einer Anordnung mit Druckspindel in analoger Weise möglich.As mentioned at the outset, the design according to the invention of the movable clamping jaw 103 and its arrangement in the machine vice can also be used with advantage in the most varied of embodiments, which are not restricted to the embodiments according to FIGS. 1 to 6. For example, use in an arrangement with a pressure spindle is possible in an analogous manner.

In Weiterbildung des erfindungsgemäßen Maschinenschraubstocks ist die Schraubspindel 7 gemäß den Fig. 7 und 8 im Bereich zwischen den Spannbacken mit einer Umhüllung 180 zum Schutz der Schraubspindel 7 gegen Verunreinigung versehen. Die Umhüllung 180 ist in ihrer Länge flexibel. Sie könnte als Balg ausgeführt sein. Gezeigt ist eine Umhüllung 180, die sich teleskopartig zusammenschieben läßt, da sie entweder in Form einer Spiralblattfeder oder aus zylindrischen, rohrförmigen Teilen zusammengesetzt ist.In a further development of the machine vice according to the invention, the screw spindle 7 according to FIGS. 7 and 8 is provided with a covering 180 in the region between the clamping jaws to protect the screw spindle 7 against contamination hen. The envelope 180 is flexible in length. It could be designed as a bellows. Shown is a sheath 180 which can be telescopically pushed together, since it is composed either in the form of a spiral leaf spring or from cylindrical, tubular parts.

Die Umhüllung 180 ist beispielsweise an ihrem einen Ende über eine Fassung 182 an der Stirnfläche der Spindelmutter 105 gehalten und an ihrem anderen Ende auf einen rohrförmigen Stutzen 184 des Kraftverstärkers 38 aufgezogen.The casing 180 is held, for example, at one end via a socket 182 on the end face of the spindle nut 105 and, at the other end, is drawn onto a tubular connection piece 184 of the power amplifier 38.

Claims (15)

1. A machine vise comprising a basic frame (1; 101) carrying a stationary clamping jaw (2) at one end thereof and supporting a movable clamping jaw (3; 103); a screw spindle (7) engaging a spindle nut (5; 105) connected with said movable clamping jaw (3; 103); a force amplifier (8; 38) acting on said screw spindle (7) and supporting against the basic frame; and a common driving means (27) for driving said screw spindle (7) and said force amplifier (8;38), the latter being arranged in said basic frame (1; 101) below said stationary clamping jaw (2),
characterized in that
- said screw spindle (7) is formed as a hollow spindle having movably arranged therein a plunger (18; 50), one end thereof being actuated by said driving means (27) and the other end thereof acting on said force amplifier (8; 38),
- said force amplifier (8; 38) is connected in an axially tension-proof, but pivotal manner with its neighboring end of said screw spindle (7) via a tensile junction (21, 23; 35) passing through the abutment (9, 10), and
- said common driving means (27) is essentially arranged within said basic frame (1; 101) and is located below said movable clamping jaw (3; 103) in a completely open, position thereof.
2. The machine vise of claim 1, characterized in that said force amplifier (8) is of the mechanical type comprising a primary member (16) and a secondary member (17) moving in the same direction and supporting against an abutment (9, 10) being stationary with respect to said basic frame (1), that said common driving means (27) comprises a threaded sleeve (30) connected with said screw spindle (7) under torsional strength, a driving spindle (31) acting on the primary member of said force amplifier (8), and a torque coupling (32, 33, 34) provided between said driving spindle (31) and said threaded sleeve (30), that said driving spindle (31) activates said plunger (18), the other end of which urges on said primary member (16) of said force amplifier (8), and that said secondary member (17) is connected via said tensile junction (21, 23; 35) passing outside thereof, with an end (7a) of said screw spindle (7), which end (7a) is adjacent to said stationary clamping jaw (2).
3. The machine vise of claim 1, characterized in that said force amplifier (38) is of the hydraulic type comprising a primary piston (40) as well as a secondary piston (39) moving in the same direction, that said force amplifier (38) supports against an abutment (9, 10) being stationary with respect to said basic frame (1), that said driving means (27) activates the one end of said plunger (18, 50), whilst the other end the latter activates said primary piston (40) of said force amplifier (38) or forms said primary piston (40), that said secondary piston (39) is connected via a hollow junction (41) concentrically surrounding said primary piston (40), with said end (7a) of said screw spindle (7), which end (7b) is neighboring said stationary clamping jaw (2), and that the interior space (41 a) filled with hydraulic fluid, of said junction (41) is in connection, via at least one cross hole (42), with the compression volume (43) surrounding said interior space (41 a), of said secondary piston (39).
4. The machine vise of claim 2 or claim 3, characterized in that said abutment (9) comprises an abutment sleeve (10) being inserted in a corresponding cylindrical through-hole (11) in said basic frame (1) and having a flange (12) at an end thereof looking away from said screw spindle (7), by means of which flange (12) it supports against an annular stop (13), said abutment sleeve (10) preferably extending with an end (10a) thereof facing said screw spindle (7), at least to an end (2a) facing said screw spindle (7), of said stationary clamping jaw (2), and wherein said abutment sleeve (10) is preferably closed by a pot-like cover (14) at the end thereof looking away from said screw spindle (7) and wherein there is arranged a compression spring (20) between said cover (14) and said secondary member (17) or said secondary piston (39), respectively.
5. The machine vise of any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said tensile junction comprises a pulling sleeve (21) arranged concentrically and in an axially movable manner within said abutment sleeve (10), which pulling sleeve (21) surrounds said force amplifier (8), the secondary member (17) of which supports on one end of said pulling sleeve (21), the other end thereof comprising at least two tensile bars (23) extending in an axial direction through axial recesses (24) in said abutment sleeve (10) and engaging a flange (25) provided at said end (7a) of said screw spindle (7) by claws (23a) provided at the ends of said bars (23) and radially extending to the interior thereof, said pulling sleeve (21) preferably being closed by a threaded cover (22) at its end looking away from said screw spindle (7), and said secondary member (17) being supported at the inner side of said threaded cover (22).
6. The machine vise of any of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the tensile junction comprises at least two tension bolts (35) extending in an axial direction and through axially directed bores (36) of said abutment (9) or said basic frame (1), respectively, that said tension bolts (35) each are connected with a respective disc (17a) supporting said secondary member (17) and a ring (37) surrounding said end (7a) of said screw spindle (7) and engaging a flange (25) provided at said end (7a) of said screw spindle (7).
7. The machine vise of any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said common driving means (27) comprises a cylindrical housing (28) encasing said driving spindle (31), said torque coupling (32-34) and said threaded sleeve (30), one end (28a) of said housing (28) facing said screw spindle (7) and being connected in a torsion-resistant, but axially shiftable manner with said screw spindle (7) via a form-locking junction (7b/28c), the other end (28b) of said housing (28) being mounted in a pivotal and axially stable manner in a support plate (29) connected with said basic frame (1).
8. The machine vise of any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said spindle nut (105) is provided at said movable clamping jaw (103) arranged on said basic frame (101), below its end facing the interior of said machine vise, and is essentially shorter in length than said movable clamping jaw (103), that said movable jaw (103) is divided in a saddle-type lower part (104) comprising said spindle nut (105) and an insert portion (112), and an upper part (106) including a recess (110) being complementary thereto for receiving said insert portion (112), that an inclined surface (114) is formed within said recess (110) at the side facing the interior of said machine vise, said surface (114) and the longitudinal axis of said screw spindle (7) forming an angle in the range of 55 to 80 ° , preferably 60 to 70 ° , with said surface (114) opposing a surface (116) complementary thereto of said insert portion (112), and that said saddle-type lower part (104) is essentially guided along its overall length on top and bottom of said basic frame (101) to enable a movement in the direction of the longitudinal axis of said screw spindle (7).
9. The machine vise of claim 8, characterized in that said complementary surface (116) of said insert portion (112) is formed at an insert body (152; 152a) slightly projecting from said complementary surface (116) and being housed in a recess (150; 150a) thereof, said insert body (152) and said recess (150) being formed as a bar of semicircular cross-section or having a hemispherical shape.
10. The machine vise of claim 8 or claim 9, characterized by flexible means (136) through which said insert portion (112) is urged toward said inclined surface (114), said flexible means, preferably being a spring washer package (136) embedded in the front side of said insert portion (112) opposing said complementary surface (116) and being urged by an element (132) projecting from the opposing surface of said recess (110).
11. The machine vise of any of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that said saddle-type lower part (104) is provided with laterally projecting ledges (165) having an essentially rectangular cross-section and being guided in said basic frame (101) by means of complementary guiding grooves (167).
12. The machine vise of any of claims 8 to 11, characterized in that said saddle-type lower part (104) comprises vertical side surfaces (168) sliding along longitudinally complementary surfaces (170) in said basic frame (101) for a lateral guidance thereof.
13. The machine vise of any of the preceding claims, characterized in that said screw spindle (7) is surrounded by a protection device (180) of variable length, preferably being formed in a bellows-like, telescopic manner or as a helical leaf spring.
14. The machine vise of any of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that said screw spindle (7) is arranged as a tractive spindle.
15. The machine vise of any of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that said screw spindle (7) is arranged as a pressing spindle.
EP91108333A 1990-06-07 1991-05-23 Machine vice Expired - Lifetime EP0460457B2 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4018194 1990-06-07
DE19904018194 DE4018194C1 (en) 1990-06-07 1990-06-07 Vice with fixed and moving jaw - has spindle for movement of intensifier which thrusts against vice base part
DE4112418A DE4112418A1 (en) 1990-06-07 1991-04-16 MACHINE VICE
DE4112418 1991-04-16

Publications (4)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0460457A2 EP0460457A2 (en) 1991-12-11
EP0460457A3 EP0460457A3 (en) 1992-04-01
EP0460457B1 true EP0460457B1 (en) 1995-03-15
EP0460457B2 EP0460457B2 (en) 2000-03-01

Family

ID=25893917

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91108333A Expired - Lifetime EP0460457B2 (en) 1990-06-07 1991-05-23 Machine vice

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US5251887A (en)
EP (1) EP0460457B2 (en)
JP (1) JP3286791B2 (en)
DE (2) DE4112418A1 (en)
ES (1) ES2073065T5 (en)

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EP2978942A1 (en) * 2013-03-28 2016-02-03 ABB Turbo Systems AG Cantilever slide for installing and removing a rotor block

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EP2978942A1 (en) * 2013-03-28 2016-02-03 ABB Turbo Systems AG Cantilever slide for installing and removing a rotor block
EP2978942B1 (en) * 2013-03-28 2025-02-19 Accelleron Switzerland Ltd. Cantilever sliding carriage for assembly and disassembly of a rotor block

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DE59104937D1 (en) 1995-04-20
DE4112418A1 (en) 1992-10-22
JPH06344268A (en) 1994-12-20
JP3286791B2 (en) 2002-05-27
EP0460457A3 (en) 1992-04-01
ES2073065T5 (en) 2000-07-16
US5251887A (en) 1993-10-12
ES2073065T3 (en) 1995-08-01
EP0460457A2 (en) 1991-12-11
EP0460457B2 (en) 2000-03-01

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