EP0459963A1 - Procédé de combustion partielle de liqueur de pulpes cellulosiques - Google Patents
Procédé de combustion partielle de liqueur de pulpes cellulosiques Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0459963A1 EP0459963A1 EP91850130A EP91850130A EP0459963A1 EP 0459963 A1 EP0459963 A1 EP 0459963A1 EP 91850130 A EP91850130 A EP 91850130A EP 91850130 A EP91850130 A EP 91850130A EP 0459963 A1 EP0459963 A1 EP 0459963A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- liquor
- process according
- reactor
- containing gas
- added
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000001913 cellulose Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 229920002678 cellulose Polymers 0.000 title claims abstract description 24
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 23
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 22
- QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N atomic oxygen Chemical compound [O] QVGXLLKOCUKJST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000001301 oxygen Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 229910052760 oxygen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 39
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 34
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 15
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 238000000889 atomisation Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 238000006243 chemical reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009835 boiling Methods 0.000 claims description 2
- 230000003247 decreasing effect Effects 0.000 claims 1
- 239000012530 fluid Substances 0.000 description 7
- CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon dioxide Chemical compound O=C=O CURLTUGMZLYLDI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 5
- CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sodium Carbonate Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[O-]C([O-])=O CDBYLPFSWZWCQE-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 4
- 238000011084 recovery Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229910002092 carbon dioxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 3
- IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N Atomic nitrogen Chemical compound N#N IJGRMHOSHXDMSA-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon Chemical compound [C] OKTJSMMVPCPJKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Carbon monoxide Chemical compound [O+]#[C-] UGFAIRIUMAVXCW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229910052799 carbon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000001569 carbon dioxide Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229910002091 carbon monoxide Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 230000007246 mechanism Effects 0.000 description 2
- 238000004537 pulping Methods 0.000 description 2
- UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Hydrogen Chemical compound [H][H] UFHFLCQGNIYNRP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L Sulfate Chemical compound [O-]S([O-])(=O)=O QAOWNCQODCNURD-UHFFFAOYSA-L 0.000 description 1
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000003570 air Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000003466 anti-cipated effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000003245 coal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000295 fuel oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002309 gasification Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 210000003041 ligament Anatomy 0.000 description 1
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910052757 nitrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000003921 oil Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000005416 organic matter Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000004076 pulp bleaching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010791 quenching Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000010008 shearing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229910000029 sodium carbonate Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 150000003388 sodium compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 159000000000 sodium salts Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N sodium sulfide (anhydrous) Chemical compound [Na+].[Na+].[S-2] GRVFOGOEDUUMBP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- -1 steam Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910021653 sulphate ion Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000002699 waste material Substances 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- D—TEXTILES; PAPER
- D21—PAPER-MAKING; PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE
- D21C—PRODUCTION OF CELLULOSE BY REMOVING NON-CELLULOSE SUBSTANCES FROM CELLULOSE-CONTAINING MATERIALS; REGENERATION OF PULPING LIQUORS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- D21C11/00—Regeneration of pulp liquors or effluent waste waters
- D21C11/12—Combustion of pulp liquors
- D21C11/125—Decomposition of the pulp liquors in reducing atmosphere or in the absence of oxidants, i.e. gasification or pyrolysis
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
- F23C—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR COMBUSTION USING FLUID FUEL OR SOLID FUEL SUSPENDED IN A CARRIER GAS OR AIR
- F23C5/00—Disposition of burners with respect to the combustion chamber or to one another; Mounting of burners in combustion apparatus
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a process for partial combustion of cellulose spent liquors from the cellulose industry in a burner connected to a reactor, which burner comprises a centrally arranged burner gun or liquor lance equipped with a nozzle at its front end which adds liquor and, a coaxially arranged tubular channel around the liquor lance, in which channel an oxygen containing gas is added to support partial combustion, whereby the oxygen containing gas, prior to entry in the coaxially arranged channel, has been given a vortex movement.
- the object of the present invention is to facilitate partial combustion of the cellulose spent liquor through use of a burner creating a stable, self-igniting flame at low air/fuel ratios.
- spent liquor contains valuable chemicals and energy in the form of combustible carbonaceous compounds. At the present time these chemicals and energy are normally recovered in a recovery boiler in which the black liquor is completely burned.
- Partial combustion of black liquor in a gasification reactor as in the present invention generates a combustible gas comprising H2, CO, CO2, and droplets of molten inorganic chemicals.
- a diluted liquor comprising organic matter and sodium salts is obtained.
- Mechanical and semi-chemical pulping processes also generate diluted liquors of different compositions. These as well as other waste and spent liquors generated in the cellulose industry can, after concentration, be used as a feedstock in the process of the present invention.
- a major difference between the burner of the present invention and conventional oil burners is that a stable flame has to be formed with the use of a considerably lower amount of air or oxygen carrier.
- black liquor as a fuel is characterized by a relatively low calorific value and high water and ash contents.
- the vortex burner described in the present invention provides high combustion efficiency and flame stability using black liquor as fuel in a relatively small reactor volume.
- the temperature in the reactor is above 700°C, preferably around 900°C.
- the molten inorganic chemicals, substantially sodium carbonate and sodium sulphide, are separated from the process gas in a quench dissolver connected to the reactor.
- the process gas is substantially composed of carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen.
- the volume ratios of carbon monoxide, and carbon dioxide, in the process gas is allowed to vary between 0.8:1, and 1.8:1, and is controlled by i.a. the amount of oxygen added.
- the flow pattern near the burner is influenced to a great extent by the level of vortex which can be controlled by e.g. adjusting the vortex blading.
- the radial flow rate of the oxygen containing gas is thereby markedly affected with a maintained axial flow rate.
- the main principle of the vortex burner is to recirculate a portion of the gases through an internal recirculation zone towards the liquor lance. This internal recirculation zone facilitates combustion and stabilizes the flame and the recirculated hot gases add energy for ignition of the liquor spray.
- the internal recirculation zone also serves as a depot for heat and reactive gas components.
- the mixing of the liquor spray and the combustion air is supported by the turbulent shear surface between the recirculation zone and the discharged gas and liquor droplets.
- An outer recirculation zone however, of less importance for the stability of the flame is also developed. Its shape is influenced more by the geometry of the reactor than by the geometry of the burner.
- the degree of atomization of the liquor is of great importance for obtaining a stable black liquor flame, the extension of the flame and high carbon conversion.
- the rheological properties of the black liquor are of significant importance to the degree of atomization which can be achieved in a given nozzle.
- the viscosity of the black liquor can be influenced by e.g. heating and/or the addition of additives and normally the black liquor is being heated to above 100°C for use in the present invention.
- the viscosity of the black liquor at the moment of atomization should preferably be below 200 cSt.
- Atomization of the black liquor can be further enhanced by flashing the liquor into the reactor in which case the liquor is preheated to a temperature above its boiling point at the operating pressure of the reactor.
- atomizing nozzles are available but only a few varieties are suitable for atomizing cellulose spent liquors, such as black liquor, in the present invention.
- Twin-fluid nozzles are most suitable for use in the present burner.
- a common feature of “twin-fluid” nozzles is that a relatively high gas flow rate is necessary for the supply of energy for the atomization.
- Another important feature of these nozzles is that the resulting size of the droplets decrease with increasing density of the atomizing gas.
- several mechanisms for forming droplets such as shearing between ligaments, combination and formation of spheres of liquor droplets and high turbulence decomposition of the liquor spray can be anticipated.
- the present invention describes a process for efficient substoichiometric combustion of cellulose spent liquors, using a burner-connected to a reactor, which invention is characterized in that at least half of the non-fuel related amount of oxygen which shall be added to the reactor to partially burn the black liquor added through the burner, is added to the reactor in the form of a hot oxygen containing gas which gas is added through a tubular channel arranged coaxially around a liquor lance arranged for the addition of said cellulose spent liquor, the weight ratio between the amount of oxygen of the oxygen containing gas added through the burner and of the added cellulose spent liquor solids being in the range of 0.1-0.7:1, preferably 0.15-0.5:1.
- the attached drawing shows a vortex burner and two different "twin-fluid" nozzles, whereby
- FIG. 1 schematically shows a vortex burner 1 placed in a combustion chamber 22, and a vortex generator 24 arranged in a channel 23 for the purpose of adding air.
- the unbroken line in FIG. 1 shows the spatial distribution of the internal recirculation, the dotted line the internal recirculation zone, and the dashed line shows the limit of the return flow, i.e., the limit along which the recirculation turns (the axial zerovelocity line).
- the dashed line in the lower part of FIG. 1 also shows the limits of the outer recirculation.
- the vortex generator 24 is placed substantially behind the lower part of the liquor lance which means that the combustion air added outside the nozzle will circulate around the liquor lance before it meets and carries the atomized black liquor.
- FIGS. 2 and 3 show a twin-fluid nozzle where the liquor and gas are mixed and then forced under high pressure through several symmetrically arranged circular openings 3.
- These openings are the ends of so called Y-jet atomizing nozzles comprised of two tubes 4 and 5, the former in contact with an outer tube 6 on the liquor lance 1 for the purpose of adding black liquor and the later in contact with an inner concentric annular tube 7 for the purpose of adding atomizing gas, such as air or steam.
- the openings 3 diverge producing divergent atomized jets from the lower part 2 of the liquor lance 1.
- a hood 9 fitted to the body 10 of the liquor lance holds the Y-jet atomizer 8 in place.
- the body 10 encloses the tubes 6 and 7, and the concentric annular tube 7.
- the black liquor is introduced into the liquor lance 1 through an inlet tube 20 and the air through another inlet tube 21.
- FIGS. 4 and 5 show an embodiment of the burner gun having three concentric annular tubes 11, 12, and 13. Air is fed through the outer and the inner tubes 11, and 13, while black liquor is fed through the intermediate tube 12. The air is divided through the 18 symmetrically distributed holes 14, and 15 shown in the figures, while black liquor is forced through an annular gap 16.
- the holes 14 are hereby obliquely directed in one direction and the holes 15 obliquely directed in the opposite direction.
- the black liquor is fed through the gap 16 and meets a lip 17 forcing it in an inward direction.
- Now in the form of a film the black liquor is met by the air coming through the holes 16 and is atomized. This initial air-black liquor mixture is met by additional air outside the lip 17, creating a diverging jet of finely dispersed black liquor.
- the black liquor is added to the burner through an inlet tube 20 and the air through two inlet tubes 21.
- air has been used in the description above the invention is not restricted to air but other gases, such as steam, nitrogen or oxygen enriched air can be used as atomizing gas.
- the black liquor described herein is a fuel possessing unusual properties and thus a burner which shall provide a stable flame must be designed accordingly.
- Bitumenous coal usually contains between 4-10 % of bound oxygen.
- Fuel oils contain less than 1 % of bound oxygen.
- Black liquor dry solids contains about 35 % by weight of bound oxygen calculated on dry matter. This affects the design of burners for combustion of black liquor since only a small amount of oxygen, air or oxygen enriched air can be added to the burner to obtain the desired level of combustion.
- a burner for partial combustion of black liquor in accordance with the present invention is designed for an air/fuel solids ratio in the order of 0.5-3:1 which thus is considerably lower than ratios applied at stoichiometric as well as substoichiometric combustion of most other fuels. Since air consists of about 23 % by weight of oxygen the present black liquor burner is thus designed for an oxygen added/black liquor solids added ratio in the range of 0.1-0.7:1. To compensate for the low air/fuel ratios and to achieve reasonable gas velocities the air should be preheated to at least 100°C, preferably to 300°C and it should further be given vortex movement. Preheating of the air adds energy in close proximity of the burner, which further supports the stability of the flame.
- the larger part of the oxygen required for the partial combustion is added through a channel arranged coaxially around the liquor lance which channel in turn ends in the reactor in a divergent burner tile.
- Part of the oxygen required for the partial combustion can be added to the flame zone through the atomizing nozzle and optionally, another part can be added through secondary air gates in the upper part of the reactor.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Paper (AREA)
- Polysaccharides And Polysaccharide Derivatives (AREA)
- Regulation And Control Of Combustion (AREA)
- Gasification And Melting Of Waste (AREA)
- Breeding Of Plants And Reproduction By Means Of Culturing (AREA)
- Pyrane Compounds (AREA)
- Medicines Containing Plant Substances (AREA)
- Solid Fuels And Fuel-Associated Substances (AREA)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| SE9001958A SE466268B (sv) | 1990-05-31 | 1990-05-31 | Foerfarande vid partiell foerbraenning av svartlut |
| SE9001958 | 1990-05-31 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0459963A1 true EP0459963A1 (fr) | 1991-12-04 |
| EP0459963B1 EP0459963B1 (fr) | 1995-08-30 |
Family
ID=20379646
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP91850130A Expired - Lifetime EP0459963B1 (fr) | 1990-05-31 | 1991-05-16 | Procédé de combustion partielle de liqueur de pulpes cellulosiques |
Country Status (17)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0459963B1 (fr) |
| JP (1) | JP3050950B2 (fr) |
| KR (1) | KR910020369A (fr) |
| CN (1) | CN1035959C (fr) |
| AT (1) | ATE127180T1 (fr) |
| AU (1) | AU643522B2 (fr) |
| BR (1) | BR9102205A (fr) |
| CA (1) | CA2043605C (fr) |
| DE (1) | DE69112496T2 (fr) |
| ES (1) | ES2078500T3 (fr) |
| FI (1) | FI101724B (fr) |
| NO (1) | NO176365C (fr) |
| NZ (1) | NZ238221A (fr) |
| PT (1) | PT97792B (fr) |
| RU (1) | RU2032126C1 (fr) |
| SE (1) | SE466268B (fr) |
| ZA (1) | ZA913732B (fr) |
Cited By (5)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1993009205A1 (fr) * | 1991-11-04 | 1993-05-13 | Chemrec Aktiebolag | Gazeification de matieres charbonneuses |
| WO1994010085A1 (fr) * | 1992-11-02 | 1994-05-11 | Kvaerner Pulping Technologies Ab | Procede associe avec la gazeification de liqueurs residuaires de la fabrication de cellulose |
| US5628872A (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1997-05-13 | Kanyr Ab | Method for bleaching pulp with hydrogen peroxide recovered from cellulosic spent liquor |
| US8596284B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2013-12-03 | Alexsandra Byrne | Eyelash adornment |
| EP3081690A1 (fr) * | 2015-04-14 | 2016-10-19 | Fortum OYJ | Chaudière de récupération, moyens d'alimentation en combustible et procédé pour introduire une liqueur noire et de l'air, afin de réduire les émissions d'oxyde d'azote |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FI107058B (fi) * | 1996-10-07 | 2001-05-31 | Kvaerner Pulping Oy | Menetelmä silikaattipitoisen jätelipeän polttamiseksi |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE137938C1 (fr) * |
Family Cites Families (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US3163495A (en) * | 1962-05-02 | 1964-12-29 | Greenawalt John Eckert | In the recovery of chemicals from the incineration of waste black liquor, the method f eliminating noxious compounds entrained in the combustion gas |
| SE453102B (sv) * | 1985-01-22 | 1988-01-11 | Stiftelsen Cellulosa Och Pappe | Sett vid forbrenning av vid massaframstellning enligt kokprocesser pa natriumbas erhallen indunstad avlut |
-
1990
- 1990-05-31 SE SE9001958A patent/SE466268B/sv not_active Application Discontinuation
-
1991
- 1991-05-16 ZA ZA913732A patent/ZA913732B/xx unknown
- 1991-05-16 ES ES91850130T patent/ES2078500T3/es not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-16 AT AT91850130T patent/ATE127180T1/de active
- 1991-05-16 DE DE69112496T patent/DE69112496T2/de not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-05-16 EP EP91850130A patent/EP0459963B1/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-17 KR KR1019910008054A patent/KR910020369A/ko not_active Ceased
- 1991-05-22 AU AU77184/91A patent/AU643522B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1991-05-22 NZ NZ238221A patent/NZ238221A/xx unknown
- 1991-05-22 NO NO911969A patent/NO176365C/no unknown
- 1991-05-29 BR BR919102205A patent/BR9102205A/pt not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1991-05-29 PT PT97792A patent/PT97792B/pt not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1991-05-30 FI FI912607A patent/FI101724B/fi active
- 1991-05-30 RU SU914895672A patent/RU2032126C1/ru active
- 1991-05-30 CA CA002043605A patent/CA2043605C/fr not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-05-31 CN CN91103739A patent/CN1035959C/zh not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-05-31 JP JP3155178A patent/JP3050950B2/ja not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| SE137938C1 (fr) * |
Cited By (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO1993009205A1 (fr) * | 1991-11-04 | 1993-05-13 | Chemrec Aktiebolag | Gazeification de matieres charbonneuses |
| US5486269A (en) * | 1991-11-04 | 1996-01-23 | Chemrec Aktiebolag | Gasification of carbonaceous material in a reactor having a gasification zone and a combustion zone |
| WO1994010085A1 (fr) * | 1992-11-02 | 1994-05-11 | Kvaerner Pulping Technologies Ab | Procede associe avec la gazeification de liqueurs residuaires de la fabrication de cellulose |
| US5628872A (en) * | 1993-10-22 | 1997-05-13 | Kanyr Ab | Method for bleaching pulp with hydrogen peroxide recovered from cellulosic spent liquor |
| US8596284B2 (en) | 2006-05-26 | 2013-12-03 | Alexsandra Byrne | Eyelash adornment |
| EP3081690A1 (fr) * | 2015-04-14 | 2016-10-19 | Fortum OYJ | Chaudière de récupération, moyens d'alimentation en combustible et procédé pour introduire une liqueur noire et de l'air, afin de réduire les émissions d'oxyde d'azote |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE69112496T2 (de) | 1996-02-08 |
| FI101724B1 (fi) | 1998-08-14 |
| BR9102205A (pt) | 1992-01-07 |
| FI912607L (fi) | 1991-12-01 |
| CN1035959C (zh) | 1997-09-24 |
| FI912607A0 (fi) | 1991-05-30 |
| CA2043605C (fr) | 2001-12-04 |
| ZA913732B (en) | 1992-02-26 |
| NO911969L (no) | 1991-12-02 |
| ES2078500T3 (es) | 1995-12-16 |
| KR910020369A (ko) | 1991-12-20 |
| AU643522B2 (en) | 1993-11-18 |
| NZ238221A (en) | 1993-10-26 |
| ATE127180T1 (de) | 1995-09-15 |
| CN1057500A (zh) | 1992-01-01 |
| NO176365B (no) | 1994-12-12 |
| NO911969D0 (no) | 1991-05-22 |
| DE69112496D1 (de) | 1995-10-05 |
| PT97792A (pt) | 1992-02-28 |
| EP0459963B1 (fr) | 1995-08-30 |
| SE9001958D0 (sv) | 1990-05-31 |
| NO176365C (no) | 1995-03-22 |
| AU7718491A (en) | 1991-12-05 |
| JP3050950B2 (ja) | 2000-06-12 |
| JPH05140887A (ja) | 1993-06-08 |
| SE9001958L (sv) | 1991-12-01 |
| PT97792B (pt) | 1998-10-30 |
| FI101724B (fi) | 1998-08-14 |
| SE466268B (sv) | 1992-01-20 |
| CA2043605A1 (fr) | 1991-12-01 |
| RU2032126C1 (ru) | 1995-03-27 |
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