[go: up one dir, main page]

EP0458592A2 - Passives Antennensystem für zellulares Telefon - Google Patents

Passives Antennensystem für zellulares Telefon Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0458592A2
EP0458592A2 EP91304582A EP91304582A EP0458592A2 EP 0458592 A2 EP0458592 A2 EP 0458592A2 EP 91304582 A EP91304582 A EP 91304582A EP 91304582 A EP91304582 A EP 91304582A EP 0458592 A2 EP0458592 A2 EP 0458592A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
antenna
dipole
selected direction
transceiver
repeater assembly
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91304582A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0458592B1 (de
EP0458592A3 (en
Inventor
Gershon N. Cooper
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alliance Res Corp
Original Assignee
Alliance Res Corp
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Alliance Res Corp filed Critical Alliance Res Corp
Publication of EP0458592A2 publication Critical patent/EP0458592A2/de
Publication of EP0458592A3 publication Critical patent/EP0458592A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0458592B1 publication Critical patent/EP0458592B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

Links

Images

Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/12—Supports; Mounting means
    • H01Q1/1271—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens
    • H01Q1/1285—Supports; Mounting means for mounting on windscreens with capacitive feeding through the windscreen
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q1/00—Details of, or arrangements associated with, antennas
    • H01Q1/27—Adaptation for use in or on movable bodies
    • H01Q1/32—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles
    • H01Q1/325—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle
    • H01Q1/3283—Adaptation for use in or on road or rail vehicles characterised by the location of the antenna on the vehicle side-mounted antennas, e.g. bumper-mounted, door-mounted

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to communications systems, and more particularly, to an improved combination for sending a radio transmission between a fixed antenna on the outside of a structure and a transceiver within the structure.
  • Radio transmission and reception is difficult when a transceiver unit is located wholly within a structure that can act as a shield against radiation.
  • a transceiver unit may be isolated from radio signals that originate outside of the vehicle. Further, the transmission of radio signals from a transmitter which is located inside the vehicle may be blocked, as well.
  • Transceivers which are located inside vehicles are commonly connected to an antenna which is mounted on the exterior of the vehicle by means of a coaxial cable or other wire link.
  • the radiating and receiving element of the antenna which is located on the exterior of the vehicle, is capacitively coupled to the coaxial cable termination through a glass window of the vehicle, thereby eliminating the necessity of drilling holes in the body of the vehicle.
  • the increasingly common use of cellular telephones operating in the 800 to 1000 MHz frequency range in motor vehicles has promoted the use of such through the glass antenna units since the cellular telephone preferably utilizes an antenna whose mast extends above the roof line of the vehicle for optimum reception and transmission.
  • the glass antennas are easily mounted near the top of the rear window and the antenna mast can extend vertically above the roof line.
  • a permanently installed car telephone has a direct power connection to the vehicle electrical supply and has a coaxial link to the installed antenna.
  • a so called "transportable" cellular telephone is a similar telephone unit which includes a self contained power supply and a movable antenna so that it can be carried in a brief case.
  • the permanent and transportable telephones are permitted to have a maximum transmitted power of 3.0 watts, which generally mandates the use of a coaxial transmission line to an antenna.
  • the portable unit can be connected to an exterior antenna or if the portable can be operated through an open window in the vehicle and the metallic mass of the vehicle doesn't affect the receiving or radiation patterns of the antenna.
  • One approach has been marketed under the trademark LARSEN® ANTENNAS by Larsen Electronics, Inc., of Vancouver, Washington, Model KGB-825. This unit is described as a "passive repeater antenna" which passes signals to and from the externally mounted gain antenna elements.
  • a directional passive repeater includes a dipole, which, in a preferred embodiment may be 1/2 wave, that is attached and matched to the external radiating/receiving antenna mast which is adhesively mounted to a window of a vehicle.
  • the rear window is utilized since it does not create any significant visual obstruction to the driver's field of view. It is, of course, possible to mount the antenna to the front windshield or to any of the fixed glass side windows.
  • the dipole is made of a sheet material to increase the surface area that faces the interior of the vehicle. This increases the gain in a direction orthogonal to the surface by about 2 dB over conventional round wires. It is then possible for a portable unit on the interior of the vehicle to "see" the externally mounted dipole and communicate with it both in the sending and receiving modes.
  • one or more parasitic elements may be added.
  • a "reflector" radial that is approximately .58 wavelength, is spaced at least 1/10 wavelength (or multiples thereof) away from the dipole in a direction that is substantially orthogonal to the axis of the mast and the axis of the dipole and which creates gain for signals being exchanged between the dipole and the antenna of the portable unit.
  • This reflector dipole can also be mounted on the exterior of the vehicle and is in communication with the portable unit by radiation through the glass.
  • a second parasitic radial, or "director" that is at least .45 wavelength is mounted on the interior of the vehicle, on the opposing surface of the glass and at least 1/10 wavelength from the dipole.
  • additional parasitic elements acting as directors and/or reflectors can be added to increase the directionality of the array and to increase the gain, as well, with respect to signals between the repeater and the antenna of the portable unit. In adding additional elements, it is important that each element be spaced at least 1/10 wavelength from the next adjacent element.
  • the glass has no shielding effect and a capacitative coupling through the glass is unnecessary.
  • the resulting combination according to the present invention is a passive array which can be highly directional and can effectively impart "gain" to signals which are passed between the portable phone antenna and the external mast.
  • additional parasitic elements can be provided inside or outside of the vehicle to improve the gain and directionality of the array. Because there is no capacitative coupling through the glass, there are no "coupling" losses.
  • the repeater 10 includes a mast radiator 12 and a base 14 which is adhesively affixed to the exterior of a glass window element 16 of a vehicle.
  • the glass window element 16 is preferably the rear window of the vehicle, but can be any of the non conductive panels of the vehicle. While the rear window or back light is the mounting place of choice, the side windows or the front windshield of the vehicle can serve, as well.
  • a pair of quarter wave radials 18 that are connected to serve as a 1/2 wave dipole.
  • the radials 18 are coupled to the mast radiator 12 and aid in the passive repeater function with respect to signals received by the mast radiator 12 and with respect to signals that are received from a portable transmitter (not shown) in the near vicinity.
  • a modified antenna 20 is shown in FIGS. 2 and 3.
  • flat elongated plates 22 in the base 14′ extend approximately one quarter wave from the mast radiator 12 and serve as the dipole.
  • Using the plates 22 permits slightly higher gain in the horizontal plane and thus better communication between the portable telephone 24 antenna on the interior of the vehicle and the dipole plates 22 which are mounted on the exterior of the vehicle.
  • an additional parasitic element can be added to the base to create another alternative repeater 30 as is shown in FIG. 4.
  • a base 14 ⁇ is modified to include two pairs of elements.
  • a first dipole made up of one quarter wave segments 22 is positioned adjacent the glass 16 while a second pair of elements 26 are spaced at least 1/10 wavelength from the dipole pair and function as a reflector with a sensitive gain axis in the direction toward the front of the vehicle where the portable unit is most likely to be found.
  • a similar result is achieved in repeater 40 by utilizing a parasitic element on the interior of the vehicle.
  • the base 14′ containing the quarter wave segments 22 is affixed to the exterior of a glass plate 16 and an interior base 42 has a similar pair of parasitic elements 44 which function as a director. The combination is then more sensitive to radiation in the horizontal plane along a line generally parallel to the vehicular axis when the base 14′ is affixed to the rear window.
  • the director element 44 should be less than one quarter wave length and should be spaced apart from the dipole segments 22 by at least 1/10 wavelength, which includes the thickness of the glass 16.
  • FIG. 6 A preferred embodiment of the invention has been shown in FIG. 6.
  • the alternative antenna 30 of FIG. 4 is combined with the interior base 42 of FIG. 5 to form a repeater combination 50 that includes dipole segments 22, reflector elements 26 and, on the interior base 42, direc- tor elements 44.
  • This arrangement more nearly approximates a passive dipole array that is highly directional and which exhibits considerable gain along the sensitive axis which is orthogonal to the parasitic elements.
  • the spacing between adjacent elements is at least 1/10 wavelength and the effective length of the director is less than 1/2 wavelength while the reflector is more than 1/2 wavelength.
  • the director was set at .45 wave length while the radiator was set at .58 wave length
  • FIG. 7 is an electrical diagram of the dipole 18 of FIG. 1 connected to the radiating mast 12. As shown, the connection to one arm of the dipole 18 is through a capacitive element 46 and through an inductive element 48 to the other arm of the dipole 18.
  • the impedance values are selected for optimum electrical coupling between the radiator mast 12 and the dipole 18 at the frequencies of interest. Since the dipole elements of the other embodiments are electrically equivalent to the dipole of FIG. 1, the electrical interconnection would be similar.
  • the repeater unit in its simplest embodiment includes a passive dipole which is coupled to a mast radiator that has unobstructed communication with a "cell".
  • the portable telephone is operated within the vehicle which would otherwise effectively shield the telephone antenna from the "cell”.
  • the telephone antenna and the dipole are now in direct, line of sight communication for transmission and reception of electrical signals.
  • the signals received by the passive dipole are radiated from the radiator mast and the signals received by the radiator mast are radiated from the dipole to the interior telephone antenna at power levels which are sufficiently low to pose no human health hazard.
  • additional parasitic elements are added, either to the externally mounted device or to an internally mounted device which is placed on the inner surface of the vehicle glass opposite the externally mounted device.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Remote Sensing (AREA)
  • Support Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
  • Transceivers (AREA)
  • Radio Relay Systems (AREA)
  • Input Circuits Of Receivers And Coupling Of Receivers And Audio Equipment (AREA)
  • Mobile Radio Communication Systems (AREA)
EP91304582A 1990-05-22 1991-05-21 Passives Antennensystem für zellulares Telefon Expired - Lifetime EP0458592B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US52718190A 1990-05-22 1990-05-22
US527181 1990-05-22

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0458592A2 true EP0458592A2 (de) 1991-11-27
EP0458592A3 EP0458592A3 (en) 1992-01-15
EP0458592B1 EP0458592B1 (de) 1996-01-31

Family

ID=24100439

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91304582A Expired - Lifetime EP0458592B1 (de) 1990-05-22 1991-05-21 Passives Antennensystem für zellulares Telefon

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0458592B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH0426233A (de)
KR (1) KR910020966A (de)
AT (1) ATE133814T1 (de)
DE (1) DE69116733T2 (de)
IE (1) IE72170B1 (de)
NO (1) NO911961L (de)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2266997A (en) * 1992-05-07 1993-11-17 Wallen Manufacturing Limited Radio antenna.
EP0684704A2 (de) * 1994-05-06 1995-11-29 AT&T Corp. Diversityantenne für ein Handgelenktelefon
US5600333A (en) * 1995-01-26 1997-02-04 Larsen Electronics, Inc. Active repeater antenna assembly
US5898408A (en) * 1995-10-25 1999-04-27 Larsen Electronics, Inc. Window mounted mobile antenna system using annular ring aperture coupling
US6172651B1 (en) 1995-10-25 2001-01-09 Larsen Electronics, Inc. Dual-band window mounted antenna system for mobile communications
DE10243695B4 (de) * 2002-09-20 2005-12-22 Ikoda Gmbh Passives Repeatersystem zur Funkkommunikation für Gebäude und andere Baulichkeiten, die eine hohe Dämpfung oder Abschirmung von elektromagnetischen Wellen zur Funkkommunikation aufweisen

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2081211A7 (de) * 1970-03-18 1971-12-03 Saint Gobain
US4794319A (en) * 1986-07-03 1988-12-27 Alliance Research Corporation Glass mounted antenna
EP0429203A1 (de) * 1989-11-15 1991-05-29 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. Antennensystem für ein Fahrzeug
EP0431640A2 (de) * 1989-12-08 1991-06-12 Larsen Electronics, Inc. Antennensystem für zellulares Mobilfunksystem

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2081211A7 (de) * 1970-03-18 1971-12-03 Saint Gobain
US4794319A (en) * 1986-07-03 1988-12-27 Alliance Research Corporation Glass mounted antenna
EP0429203A1 (de) * 1989-11-15 1991-05-29 Nokia Mobile Phones Ltd. Antennensystem für ein Fahrzeug
EP0431640A2 (de) * 1989-12-08 1991-06-12 Larsen Electronics, Inc. Antennensystem für zellulares Mobilfunksystem

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB2266997A (en) * 1992-05-07 1993-11-17 Wallen Manufacturing Limited Radio antenna.
EP0684704A2 (de) * 1994-05-06 1995-11-29 AT&T Corp. Diversityantenne für ein Handgelenktelefon
EP0684704A3 (de) * 1994-05-06 1999-11-10 AT&T Corp. Diversityantenne für ein Handgelenktelefon
US5600333A (en) * 1995-01-26 1997-02-04 Larsen Electronics, Inc. Active repeater antenna assembly
US5898408A (en) * 1995-10-25 1999-04-27 Larsen Electronics, Inc. Window mounted mobile antenna system using annular ring aperture coupling
US6172651B1 (en) 1995-10-25 2001-01-09 Larsen Electronics, Inc. Dual-band window mounted antenna system for mobile communications
DE10243695B4 (de) * 2002-09-20 2005-12-22 Ikoda Gmbh Passives Repeatersystem zur Funkkommunikation für Gebäude und andere Baulichkeiten, die eine hohe Dämpfung oder Abschirmung von elektromagnetischen Wellen zur Funkkommunikation aufweisen

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0458592B1 (de) 1996-01-31
IE911756A1 (en) 1991-12-04
KR910020966A (ko) 1991-12-20
NO911961D0 (no) 1991-05-22
DE69116733T2 (de) 1996-06-05
DE69116733D1 (de) 1996-03-14
ATE133814T1 (de) 1996-02-15
NO911961L (no) 1991-11-25
EP0458592A3 (en) 1992-01-15
JPH0426233A (ja) 1992-01-29
IE72170B1 (en) 1997-03-26

Similar Documents

Publication Publication Date Title
US5181043A (en) Passive repeater for cellular phones
US5600333A (en) Active repeater antenna assembly
US4794319A (en) Glass mounted antenna
US6999032B2 (en) Antenna system employing floating ground plane
US6031492A (en) Mobile cradle antenna and heat sink enhancement
CA1287916C (en) Near-isotropic low-profile microstrip radiator especially suited for use as a mobile vehicle antenna
EP1365475B1 (de) Mehrbandantenne mit elektrisch kurzem Hohlraumreflektor
US5283589A (en) Window mountable UHF mobile antenna system
US20020140611A1 (en) Antenna arrangement
US5343214A (en) Cellular mobile communications antenna
JPS61269403A (ja) アンテナ
US4862183A (en) Current fed antenna with improved radiator
EP0854533B1 (de) Antennensystem für Kraftfahrzeug
EP0458592B1 (de) Passives Antennensystem für zellulares Telefon
JP3743263B2 (ja) 自動車電話機用アンテナ装置
US5298907A (en) Balanced polarization diversified cellular antenna
US4694301A (en) Antenna particularly suited for use with a mobile communications system
US6396443B1 (en) Integrated flat antenna and radio frequency unit for point-to-point microwave radios
JP2008512948A (ja) 隠蔽式平板状アンテナ
US20030162524A1 (en) Motor vehicle outside rear-view mirror
JPH0563419A (ja) 自動車用アンテナ
JP2001127520A (ja) 車両用ガラスアンテナ
JPH02152304A (ja) 無線通信用室内アンテナ
US12100892B2 (en) Multi-band transparent coplanar slot antenna using conductive windshield coating
US20250015486A1 (en) Antenna device and vehicle including the same

Legal Events

Date Code Title Description
PUAI Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A2

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

PUAL Search report despatched

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: A3

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

17P Request for examination filed

Effective date: 19920622

17Q First examination report despatched

Effective date: 19940421

GRAA (expected) grant

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210

AK Designated contracting states

Kind code of ref document: B1

Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE DK ES FR GB GR IT LI LU NL SE

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: IT

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRE;WARNING: LAPSES OF ITALIAN PATENTS WITH EFFECTIVE DATE BEFORE 2007 MAY HAVE OCCURRED AT ANY TIME BEFORE 2007. THE CORRECT EFFECTIVE DATE MAY BE DIFFERENT FROM THE ONE RECORDED.SCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 19960131

Ref country code: GR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 19960131

Ref country code: DK

Effective date: 19960131

Ref country code: CH

Effective date: 19960131

Ref country code: NL

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF FAILURE TO SUBMIT A TRANSLATION OF THE DESCRIPTION OR TO PAY THE FEE WITHIN THE PRESCRIBED TIME-LIMIT

Effective date: 19960131

Ref country code: BE

Effective date: 19960131

Ref country code: AT

Effective date: 19960131

Ref country code: ES

Free format text: THE PATENT HAS BEEN ANNULLED BY A DECISION OF A NATIONAL AUTHORITY

Effective date: 19960131

Ref country code: LI

Effective date: 19960131

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 133814

Country of ref document: AT

Date of ref document: 19960215

Kind code of ref document: T

REF Corresponds to:

Ref document number: 69116733

Country of ref document: DE

Date of ref document: 19960314

ET Fr: translation filed
PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: SE

Effective date: 19960430

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: LU

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19960531

NLV1 Nl: lapsed or annulled due to failure to fulfill the requirements of art. 29p and 29m of the patents act
REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: CH

Ref legal event code: PL

PLBE No opposition filed within time limit

Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261

STAA Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent

Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT

26N No opposition filed
PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Payment date: 19980511

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Payment date: 19980512

Year of fee payment: 8

PGFP Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Payment date: 19980529

Year of fee payment: 8

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: GB

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 19990521

GBPC Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee

Effective date: 19990521

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: FR

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000131

PG25 Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo]

Ref country code: DE

Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES

Effective date: 20000301

REG Reference to a national code

Ref country code: FR

Ref legal event code: ST