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EP0453790A1 - Dispositif pour convoyer des feuilles - Google Patents

Dispositif pour convoyer des feuilles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0453790A1
EP0453790A1 EP91104706A EP91104706A EP0453790A1 EP 0453790 A1 EP0453790 A1 EP 0453790A1 EP 91104706 A EP91104706 A EP 91104706A EP 91104706 A EP91104706 A EP 91104706A EP 0453790 A1 EP0453790 A1 EP 0453790A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
suction
openings
belts
conveying table
table according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP91104706A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0453790B1 (fr
Inventor
Andreas Dr. Böhme
Peter Dr. Mayer
Valentin Gensheimer
Hanns-Otto Haas
Hans Schwerdter
Bert Cappel
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Manroland AG
Original Assignee
MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Family has litigation
First worldwide family litigation filed litigation Critical https://patents.darts-ip.com/?family=6404927&utm_source=google_patent&utm_medium=platform_link&utm_campaign=public_patent_search&patent=EP0453790(A1) "Global patent litigation dataset” by Darts-ip is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Application filed by MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG filed Critical MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG
Priority to AT91104706T priority Critical patent/ATE97099T1/de
Publication of EP0453790A1 publication Critical patent/EP0453790A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0453790B1 publication Critical patent/EP0453790B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H11/00—Feed tables
    • B65H11/002—Feed tables incorporating transport belts
    • B65H11/005—Suction belts
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H5/00—Feeding articles separated from piles; Feeding articles to machines
    • B65H5/24—Feeding articles in overlapping streams, i.e. by separation of articles from a pile
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2406/00—Means using fluid
    • B65H2406/30—Suction means
    • B65H2406/32—Suction belts
    • B65H2406/321—Suction belts integral in feed table
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65H—HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL, e.g. SHEETS, WEBS, CABLES
    • B65H2406/00—Means using fluid
    • B65H2406/30—Suction means
    • B65H2406/32—Suction belts
    • B65H2406/322—Suction distributing means
    • B65H2406/3223—Suction distributing means details of the openings in the belt, e.g. shape, distribution

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a device for conveying printed sheets to a printing press according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • a device for conveying printed sheets to a printing press according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Such a device is known from DE-OS 3 838 078.
  • So-called belt tables or conveyor tables are used to feed printed sheets to a printing press.
  • the printed sheets are usually transported under scales by conveyor belts in order to achieve a tight sheet sequence at high speeds. It has been shown to be particularly advantageous to operate the conveyor table with suction air.
  • the possible solutions described for this in the past have many deficiencies.
  • DE-OS 3 838 078 describes a device for conveying an in particular scaled stream of sheets.
  • the conveyor table is designed as a box to which an axial fan is connected. Perforated suction belts are guided over the conveyor table, which correspond to openings in the conveyor table.
  • the axial fan When the axial fan is operating, the interior of the conveyor table is evacuated and sheets of paper running over the conveyor table are sucked in by the suction belts and transported forward with them.
  • Special features include the arrangement of an additional suction space on the discharge side of the conveyor table, its separate controllability and the arrangement of the suction belts in guide troughs below the table level, so that the surface of the suction belts lies approximately at the table level.
  • the device is readily functional for normal papers and is also reliable. However, problems arise for special papers, in particular thinner substrates.
  • the suction belts lengthen under the operating stress over time. This creates an undefined slip behavior between the suction belts and the drive rollers. This can be countered by re-tensioning devices, but the drive conditions are no longer the same on both sides of the conveyor table and are constant over time.
  • the suction belts are not always perfectly smooth on the conveyor table or in the guide troughs, which creates a more or less large air gap. This is partly unavoidable due to an arching of the suction belts, partly due to the surface conditions.
  • the suction belt table becomes more complicated again, since it has been shown in practice that a separate fan may be necessary to supply the additional suction space with suction air.
  • the higher level of negative pressure has a very negative effect due to the risk of suction and the consequent hindrance to sheet alignment.
  • aids such as pressure rollers, brake brushes, ball riders, elaborate suction air regulators and the like are often used in contrast to the actual construction principle of a simple construction of the generic conveyor table. used to achieve a reasonably safe sheet guidance on the conveyor table.
  • the function of sheet transport for all formats and qualities of substrates should be ensured without additional aids.
  • the hole arrangement is advantageously chosen such that load-bearing areas in the perforated band remain hole-free at least at the edge and in the middle of the band. This prevents uncontrolled expansion slippage between drive rollers and suction belts caused by excessive stretching of the suction belts.
  • the suction openings in the conveyor table are adapted to the required force in the sheet transport direction. For this purpose, larger suction openings are provided especially at the front edge of the conveyor table. In this way, the printed sheet can still be held securely in the front table area.
  • a further fundamental improvement is the arrangement of ventilation openings within the suction belt guide, but apart and separate from the suction openings.
  • the control of the printed sheets can be improved by arranging two suction spaces one behind the other in the sheet running direction.
  • An additional suction belt can be provided on the discharge side in order to increase the holding forces there.
  • the suction belts can also be designed as toothed belts. In this way, better holding forces and absolutely defined expansion / slip ratios are achieved.
  • a conveyor table 3 is arranged between a printing press 1 and a feeder 2. It has a suction chamber 4, to which an axial fan 5 is connected on the underside. Suction chamber 4 and axial fan 5 result in a common storage space in which a negative pressure is built up. Perforated suction belts 6 are guided over the conveyor table 3. The suction belts 6 are guided on the underside of the conveyor table 3 via tensioning rollers 7 and on the end faces via drive or guide shafts 8. The conveyor table 3 is continuously broken through in the area of the guide for the suction belts 6, so that the entire length of the conveyor table 3, an air flow from the top of the conveyor table 3 through the suction chamber 4 and the axial fan 5 can arise.
  • the printed sheets are removed by the feeder 2 in shingled form, i.e. the rear end of a printing sheet, seen in the direction of sheet travel, lies above the front end of the following printing sheet.
  • the part of a printing sheet lying at the bottom is held by the suction belts 6 on the conveyor table 3 and transported in the direction of the printing press. There, each printing sheet is aligned in an alignment unit 9, after it has been released from the conveyor table 3, at its front and side edges and transferred to the printing press 1.
  • the conveyor table 3 is shown from its top.
  • the suction belts 6 are embedded in guide grooves 10 and have evenly distributed suction openings 14 which are effective over the entire length.
  • Ventilation openings 11 are provided on the side of the guide grooves 10 in the conveying table 3 and are connected to the ambient air, as a result of which the negative pressure of the axial fan 5 cannot come into effect in their area. If so-called defective air occurs, which arises, for example, from suction belts 6 that are not smoothly lying on, relief of the printing sheet to be conveyed is to be achieved in the area of these ventilation openings 11.
  • a number of ventilation openings 12 can also be provided in the guide grooves 10 in the edge region of the suction belts 6. This ensures that the suction belts 6 are no longer sucked so strongly against their support on the bottom of the guide grooves 10. Then the ventilation openings 11 next to the suction belts 6 may no longer be required.
  • FIG. 3 shows a cross section through the conveyor table 3 in the area of one of the suction belts 6.
  • the suction belt 6 lies in the guide groove 10 so that it protrudes about 0.2 mm above the surface of the conveyor table 3.
  • the guide groove 10 is connected to the suction chamber 4 by means of suction openings 13, the suction openings 13 each corresponding to the suction openings 14.
  • the conveyor table 3 is broken through by the ventilation openings 11 to the side of the guide groove 10.
  • the ventilation openings 11 are combined on the underside of the conveyor table 3 within the suction chamber 4 with ventilation channels 15 and thus closed off from the suction chamber 4. These ventilation channels 15 are connected to the environment i.e. they are not pressurized.
  • the problem of the uneven deformation of the suction belts 6 due to the operating stress has not yet been completely eliminated.
  • the change in arrangement and / or shape of the suction openings 14 is therefore proposed. It is important not to provide the perforation continuously over the full width of the suction belts 6, but to provide a strip without perforation at least in the middle of the belt 16, so that the strength of the belt is increased in this area.
  • the suction belt 6 is then divided into supporting areas at the edge and in the middle 16 of the belt and suction areas with the suction openings 14 symmetrically thereto.
  • elongated holes can also be provided, which ensure a continuous air passage or suction cross section when the suction openings 13 overflow in the conveying table 3. This avoids that, depending on the operating state, unequal suction surfaces per suction belt 6 are available.
  • the elongated suction openings 14 are then arranged on both sides of the belt center 16 in two or more rows and offset from one another. There is a hole-free strip between the rows of holes, which ensures the tensile strength of each suction belt 6.
  • FIG. 2 four printed sheets A, B, C and D are shown in broken lines as a shingled sheet stream which is moved forwards over the conveying table 3 in accordance with the directional arrows.
  • the first printed sheet A extends into the alignment area.
  • the suction openings 13 are also shown in broken lines.
  • the respective leading printing sheet A or B or C is only held on the suction belts 6 in the region of its front edge to the front edge of the next following printing sheet B or C or D.
  • the printed sheet B already covers part of the suction openings 18, 19 located on the discharge side 17 and thus reduces the holding forces available for the first printed sheet A.
  • the suction openings 18, 19 are enlarged compared to the normal suction openings 13.
  • the cross-sectional shape can also be varied.
  • a circular cross section is provided at the suction opening 18, which leads to a gain of 30% suction area.
  • the suction opening 19 is designed as a semicircle with an attached rectangle, so that an area gain of 50% compared to the normal suction opening 13 is achieved here becomes.
  • a further variation is possible by designing the rectangular area portion of the suction opening 19 as a trapezoid, so that there is an additional area gain in the direction of sheet travel.
  • the holding forces between the suction belt 6 and the printed sheet decrease much more slowly than with suction openings of the same size, although the contact surface is reduced when the printed sheets run off.
  • the printed sheets are held further up on the conveyor table 3 only with the force that is just required, which largely eliminates the risk of tension and uneven conveying.
  • the suction openings 18, 19 are of course optionally used in reality and carried out identically for all suction belts 6.
  • FIG. 4 shows a conveyor table 3 on which two suction spaces 20, 21 are provided. These are arranged one behind the other in the direction of sheet travel. An axial fan 22, 23 is arranged on each of the suction spaces 20, 21. Both can be controlled separately to influence the suction air. Suction belts 24 are guided around both suction spaces 20, 21 and guided over guide or drive shafts 28 and tensioning rollers 27. The necessary suction openings are again present in the conveyor table 3. With this arrangement, different holding forces can be achieved over the length of the conveyor table 3 by different levels of negative pressure.
  • suction belts 25 can be guided around the suction box 21 on the conveyor table 3 on the delivery side 26 facing the printing press 1. These are then to be guided via additional tensioning rollers 29 and guide shafts 30.
  • This arrangement can look such that an additional suction belt 25 is arranged centrally between two suction belts 24.
  • the necessary suction openings in the conveyor table 3 are also assigned to the suction belt 25. in the In the area of the suction chamber 21, higher holding forces can thus be achieved, since the holding surface is increased by 50% over the entire length of the suction chamber 21.
  • the guidance of the printed sheets is therefore no longer so heavily dependent on the expansion ratios of the individual suction belts 24, 25.
  • enlarged suction openings can also be provided here on the discharge side 26 of the conveyor table 3.
  • FIG. 5 shows a section through a special suction belt. It is designed as a toothed belt 31 acting on both sides. Appropriately designed guide and drive shafts 28 are also required for a suction belt of this shape, for example as toothed shafts. In this case, no slip can occur between drive shaft 28 and toothed belt 31. The elongation of the toothed belt 31 as a result of the driving forces is retained, but cannot lead to relative movement and thus inaccuracies when transporting the printed sheets.
  • a deeper guide groove 35 is required than in the case of the flat suction belts 6, 24, 25, since the tooth gaps must be sealed as well as possible from the side.
  • a suction opening 34 is provided which communicates with the suction openings 36 in the conveyor table 3. The negative pressure spreads through the suction openings 34 into the gaps of the toothed belt 31 and holds the printed sheet flat against the teeth 33 there.
  • relief measures against the spreading of the negative pressure via the conveyor table 3 are necessary.
  • the ventilation openings 11 on the side of the suction belt guide in the surface of the conveyor table 3 can be used particularly advantageously.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Delivering By Means Of Belts And Rollers (AREA)
  • Supply, Installation And Extraction Of Printed Sheets Or Plates (AREA)
  • Handling Of Cut Paper (AREA)
  • Separation, Sorting, Adjustment, Or Bending Of Sheets To Be Conveyed (AREA)
  • Handling Of Sheets (AREA)
EP91104706A 1990-04-24 1991-03-26 Dispositif pour convoyer des feuilles Expired - Lifetime EP0453790B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT91104706T ATE97099T1 (de) 1990-04-24 1991-03-26 Vorrichtung zum foerdern von druckbogen.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE4012948 1990-04-24
DE4012948A DE4012948A1 (de) 1990-04-24 1990-04-24 Vorrichtung zum foerdern von druckbogen

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0453790A1 true EP0453790A1 (fr) 1991-10-30
EP0453790B1 EP0453790B1 (fr) 1993-11-10

Family

ID=6404927

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91104706A Expired - Lifetime EP0453790B1 (fr) 1990-04-24 1991-03-26 Dispositif pour convoyer des feuilles

Country Status (6)

Country Link
US (1) US5139253A (fr)
EP (1) EP0453790B1 (fr)
JP (1) JP2531861B2 (fr)
AT (1) ATE97099T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE4012948A1 (fr)
ES (1) ES2047356T3 (fr)

Cited By (10)

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EP0750986A2 (fr) * 1995-06-26 1997-01-02 Marquip, Inc. Mécanisme de retenue d'une feuille et moteur pour une machine pour fabrication de carton ondulé
EP0888992A2 (fr) * 1997-07-01 1999-01-07 MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG Table de marge pour l'alimentation cadencée de feuilles dans une machine à traiter des feuilles
EP1153865A1 (fr) * 2000-05-13 2001-11-14 Franz Gremser GmbH & Co. KG Rouleau aspirant
EP1588967A2 (fr) * 2004-04-23 2005-10-26 MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG Table de transport
EP2011753A1 (fr) * 2007-07-03 2009-01-07 Goss International Montataire SA Table de pliage et dispositif de pli d'équerre correspondant
EP1698577A3 (fr) * 2005-03-01 2009-07-01 Koenig & Bauer AG Table avec des courroies aspirantes
WO2009141113A1 (fr) * 2008-05-21 2009-11-26 WINKLER+DüNNEBIER AG Courroie transporteuse caractérisée par un effet de courbure réduit
DE102004003509B4 (de) 2003-02-21 2019-04-25 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Vorrichtung zum Fördern von Bogen
EP3527515A1 (fr) * 2018-02-20 2019-08-21 OCE Holding B.V. Système de convoyage de feuilles
WO2021239416A1 (fr) * 2020-05-29 2021-12-02 Koenig & Bauer Ag Chaîne de production pour usiner des feuilles métalliques

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JP3097889B2 (ja) * 1993-10-01 2000-10-10 キヤノン株式会社 シート給送装置及び画像形成装置
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JP3662385B2 (ja) * 1997-04-18 2005-06-22 オムロン株式会社 用紙搬送装置
DE19729088B4 (de) * 1997-07-08 2008-01-03 Man Roland Druckmaschinen Ag Bogenfördereinrichtung in Aus- bzw. Anlegern von Druckmaschinen
US6443444B1 (en) * 1999-10-04 2002-09-03 Lockhead Martin Corporation Singulation mechanism
DE10024298C2 (de) * 2000-05-17 2002-04-25 Winkler & Duennebier Ag Vorrichtung zum Transport von Briefhüllenzuschnitten in einer Briefhüllenherstellungsmaschine
US6575450B2 (en) 2001-01-30 2003-06-10 Lockheed Martin Corporation Singulation mechanism
EP1304228B1 (fr) * 2001-10-17 2007-06-13 Seiko Epson Corporation Appareil de transport de support d'enregistrement et imprimante
US7322690B2 (en) * 2001-10-17 2008-01-29 Seiko Epson Corporation Fixed material transportation apparatus, liquid fixing apparatus having transporatation apparatus and sucking unit of fixed material in liquid fixing apparatus
JP2004245252A (ja) * 2003-02-12 2004-09-02 Uchiyama Mfg Corp エンコーダ付密封装置
ATE466732T1 (de) * 2003-03-07 2010-05-15 Seiko Epson Corp Transportvorrichtung für aufzeichnungsmedium und aufzeichnungsgerät
DE102005009223A1 (de) * 2005-03-01 2006-09-07 Koenig & Bauer Ag Saugbändertisch
US7628396B2 (en) * 2007-03-21 2009-12-08 Xerox Corporation High speed shingled sheet compiler
JP2009161342A (ja) * 2008-01-10 2009-07-23 Seiko I Infotech Inc 搬送体及び搬送装置
JP5423366B2 (ja) * 2009-12-08 2014-02-19 富士ゼロックス株式会社 シート材搬送装置、画像形成装置
US8695783B2 (en) * 2009-12-14 2014-04-15 Xerox Corporation Vacuum transport belts
US8863939B2 (en) * 2009-12-14 2014-10-21 Xerox Corporation Surface roughness for improved vacuum pressure for efficient media hold-down performance
US8708135B2 (en) * 2009-12-14 2014-04-29 Xerox Corporation Vacuum transport belts
EP2563675B1 (fr) 2010-04-23 2015-10-14 Douglas Machine, Inc. Appareil et procédés pour alimenter et couper des feuilles permettant de produire un emballage de film thermorétractable
DE202010014946U1 (de) 2010-11-04 2011-01-05 Manroland Ag Saugbändertisch
DE202010015539U1 (de) 2010-11-18 2011-01-20 Manroland Ag Saugbandeinrichtung
ES2393729B1 (es) * 2011-04-01 2013-11-04 Simon Corrugated Machinery, S.L. Dispositivo y sistema para el transporte de láminas.
DE102016201240A1 (de) * 2015-02-26 2016-09-01 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Vakuumgesteuerte Haltevorrichtung
EP3392039B1 (fr) 2015-04-30 2023-12-06 Koenig & Bauer AG Ensemble machine modulaire destiné au traitement séquentiel de feuilles
DE102015213429B4 (de) 2015-07-17 2021-03-04 Koenig & Bauer Ag Transportvorrichtung zum sequentiellen Transport einzelner bogenförmiger Substrate
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DE102016207398B3 (de) * 2015-09-09 2016-08-18 Koenig & Bauer Ag Maschinenanordnung zum sequentiellen Bearbeiten mehrerer bogenförmiger jeweils eine Vorderseite und eine Rückseite aufweisender Substrate
DE102016207397A1 (de) 2016-04-29 2017-11-02 Koenig & Bauer Ag Vorrichtung zum Unterschuppen von Bogen
EP3480143B1 (fr) * 2016-06-30 2024-11-27 Ace Machinery Co., Ltd. Appareil de transport
US9815303B1 (en) 2016-07-06 2017-11-14 Xerox Corporation Vacuum media transport system with shutter for multiple media sizes
US9783373B1 (en) * 2016-07-12 2017-10-10 Sweed Machinery, Inc. Veneer transporting apparatus
DE102016215792B4 (de) 2016-08-23 2020-07-16 Koenig & Bauer Ag Maschinenanordnung zum sequentiellen Bearbeiten mehrerer bogenförmiger jeweils eine Vorderseite und eine Rückseite aufweisender Substrate
US11249338B2 (en) * 2019-07-08 2022-02-15 Rockwell Collins, Inc. Flexible to rigid integrated laminator
CN110962475B (zh) * 2019-12-30 2024-12-10 唐山元创自动化科技股份有限公司 高速喷码机喷码平台风量风压自动补偿结构
EP4098595A1 (fr) 2021-06-01 2022-12-07 IAI Industrial systems B.V. Dispositif pour transporter des pièces plates

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0750986A2 (fr) * 1995-06-26 1997-01-02 Marquip, Inc. Mécanisme de retenue d'une feuille et moteur pour une machine pour fabrication de carton ondulé
EP0750986A3 (fr) * 1995-06-26 1997-05-07 Marquip Inc Mécanisme de retenue d'une feuille et moteur pour une machine pour fabrication de carton ondulé
EP0888992A2 (fr) * 1997-07-01 1999-01-07 MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG Table de marge pour l'alimentation cadencée de feuilles dans une machine à traiter des feuilles
EP0888992A3 (fr) * 1997-07-01 1999-04-14 MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG Table de marge pour l'alimentation cadencée de feuilles dans une machine à traiter des feuilles
EP1153865A1 (fr) * 2000-05-13 2001-11-14 Franz Gremser GmbH & Co. KG Rouleau aspirant
DE102004003509B4 (de) 2003-02-21 2019-04-25 Heidelberger Druckmaschinen Ag Vorrichtung zum Fördern von Bogen
EP1588967A3 (fr) * 2004-04-23 2008-09-10 manroland AG Table de transport
EP1588967A2 (fr) * 2004-04-23 2005-10-26 MAN Roland Druckmaschinen AG Table de transport
EP1698577A3 (fr) * 2005-03-01 2009-07-01 Koenig & Bauer AG Table avec des courroies aspirantes
EP2011753A1 (fr) * 2007-07-03 2009-01-07 Goss International Montataire SA Table de pliage et dispositif de pli d'équerre correspondant
FR2918360A1 (fr) * 2007-07-03 2009-01-09 Goss Int Montataire Sa Table de pliage et dispositif de pli d'equerre correspondant
US7988609B2 (en) 2007-07-03 2011-08-02 Goss International Montataire Sa Folding table and corresponding chopper folding device
WO2009141113A1 (fr) * 2008-05-21 2009-11-26 WINKLER+DüNNEBIER AG Courroie transporteuse caractérisée par un effet de courbure réduit
EP3527515A1 (fr) * 2018-02-20 2019-08-21 OCE Holding B.V. Système de convoyage de feuilles
US10800622B2 (en) 2018-02-20 2020-10-13 Canon Production Printing Holding B.V. Sheet conveying system
WO2021239416A1 (fr) * 2020-05-29 2021-12-02 Koenig & Bauer Ag Chaîne de production pour usiner des feuilles métalliques

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES2047356T3 (es) 1994-02-16
JPH04223951A (ja) 1992-08-13
DE4012948A1 (de) 1991-10-31
ATE97099T1 (de) 1993-11-15
DE59100569D1 (de) 1993-12-16
DE4012948C2 (fr) 1992-03-12
EP0453790B1 (fr) 1993-11-10
US5139253A (en) 1992-08-18
JP2531861B2 (ja) 1996-09-04

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