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EP0450881A2 - Mikrostreifenantennen - Google Patents

Mikrostreifenantennen Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0450881A2
EP0450881A2 EP91302792A EP91302792A EP0450881A2 EP 0450881 A2 EP0450881 A2 EP 0450881A2 EP 91302792 A EP91302792 A EP 91302792A EP 91302792 A EP91302792 A EP 91302792A EP 0450881 A2 EP0450881 A2 EP 0450881A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
patch
edge
antenna
microstrip antenna
trapezium
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP91302792A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0450881A3 (en
Inventor
Roger Philip Owens
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EMI Group Electronics Ltd
Original Assignee
Thorn EMI Electronics Ltd
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Thorn EMI Electronics Ltd filed Critical Thorn EMI Electronics Ltd
Publication of EP0450881A2 publication Critical patent/EP0450881A2/de
Publication of EP0450881A3 publication Critical patent/EP0450881A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q9/00—Electrically-short antennas having dimensions not more than twice the operating wavelength and consisting of conductive active radiating elements
    • H01Q9/04—Resonant antennas
    • H01Q9/0407—Substantially flat resonant element parallel to ground plane, e.g. patch antenna
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01Q—ANTENNAS, i.e. RADIO AERIALS
    • H01Q21/00—Antenna arrays or systems
    • H01Q21/06—Arrays of individually energised antenna units similarly polarised and spaced apart
    • H01Q21/061—Two dimensional planar arrays
    • H01Q21/065—Patch antenna array

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to microstrip antennas.
  • Microstrip antennas may consist of a flat metallic patch separated from a ground plane by a relatively thin substrate of dielectric material.
  • the patches are designed to be resonant at a particular frequency.
  • Many different shapes of patch have been proposed but the rectangular shape is the most commonly adopted.
  • the lowest resonance, and hence maximum transmission frequency occurs when the electrical length of the patch, which is equal to the physical length plus a small correction factor to account for fringing fields at the radiating edges, in one half the wavelength of the electrical energy propagating in the strip.
  • Such antennas are commonly known, threfore, as half wave resonant structures.
  • half wave resonant structures cannot be used in view of space constraints.
  • a known technique for reducing the size of the resonant structure is to short circuit one of the edges of the patch to the ground plane. Resonance then takes place when the electrical length of the patch is approximately one quarter the wavelength of the propagating electrical energy, with radiation occurring from the edge of the patch opposite to the edge shorted to the ground plane.
  • Such antennas are known as short circuited quarter wave resonant patches.
  • quarter wave resonant patch is in the four patch group, which may be used when circular polarisation of the transmitted radiation may be required.
  • the four patch group cannot be utilised in view of the space occupied by the group of rectangular patches.
  • the present invention seeks to alleviate the space problems of known microstrip antennas by the provision of an antenna having a patch of novel shape which, additionally, by variation of the respective lengths of certain sides of the patch provides enhanced antenna design flexibility.
  • a microstrip antenna comprising a patch of conductive material spaced from a ground plane by a substrate of dielectric material, the patch comprising a first edge connected electrically to the ground plane and a further edge arranged substantially parallel to the first edge and of longer length than the first edge.
  • the patch is of isosceles or asymmetric trapezium shape.
  • the present invention also provides a microstrip antenna comprising a plurality of patches extending radially about a common point with the first edges thereof disposed about the common point.
  • a microstrip antenna comprising a plurality of patches extending radially about a common point with the first edges thereof disposed about the common point.
  • FIGS. 1a and 1b Known forms of microstrip patch antennas are shown in Figures 1a and 1b.
  • a rectangular shape patch 2 of conductive material is supported on a substrate 6 of suitable dielectric material which is provided with a metallic ground plane 8.
  • the patch 2 is fed with a signal to be radiated via a connector 10 coupled to a feed point 12 by a pin 14 extending through the substrate 6.
  • the feed point 12 is located so that the impedance of the patch 2 is substantially matched to that of the connector 10.
  • the lowest resonance occurs when the electrical length L R of the patch 2, which is equal to the physical length plus a small correction factor to account for fringing fields at the radiating edges, is one half the wavelength of the energy propagating in the transmission line formed by the patch, with radiation of the signal taking place from the edges A and B.
  • One of the edges D of the patch 2 can be short circuited to the ground plane 8, such as by a number of conducting pins 16, as shown in Figures 1b and 2b. Resonance then occurs when the electrical length of the patch is approximately one quarter the wavelength of the propagating electrical energy, with radiation taking place from the edge E opposite the grounded edge D.
  • Such short circuited antennas find particular application in the four patch circularly polarised array, as shown in Figure 3.
  • Each patch 18 to 24 is linearly polarised by a feed network (not shown) which is arranged to introduce a progressive 90 degree phase shift between the patches of the array so that the four patch group as a whole exhibits circular polarisation of the radiated signals.
  • space limitations preclude the use of quarter wave patches of rectangular shape.
  • one patch shape which meets this requirement is a trapezium shape 26 with one short circuited edge F as shown in Figure 4.
  • the trapezium shape may be the isosceles trapezium 26, having axial symmetry, or assymetric trapezium shapes which exhibit similar radiation characteristics, such as a right angled trapezium 28 or a general trapezium 30, as shown in Figure 4.
  • the short circuited trapezium patch 26 has several advantages over the short circuited rectangular patch in addition to it occupying a smaller area whilst resonating at the same frequency.
  • the trapezium shape is well suited to forming a multipatch array, such as the four patch array 32 shown in Figure 4.
  • the "Maltese Cross" array 32 shown in Figure 4 resonates at the same resonant frequency as the array shown in Figure 3 but occupies substantially less area; for the example shown, approximately 65% of the area of the rectangular patch array.
  • the array 32 may be fed with a progressive phase shift in the same manner as described above with reference to Figure 3 to provide the circular polarisation of the radiated signals.
  • the radiating edge G of the trapezium patch can be made long in comparison to the rectangular patch radiating edge E, thereby increasing the directive gain of the antenna, whilst the earthed edge F of the trapezium shape patch can be made relatively short in comparison to the rectangular patch earthed edge D, thus requiring fewer short circuit pins 16.
  • the flexibility of the trapezium shape means that three further variables, namely the relative lengths S and W of, respectively, the short circuited edge and the radiating edge, and the height L of the trapezium are available to the antenna designer to enable, for example, a most compact array or a transmission characteristic, to be achieved.
  • Figures 6 to 8 illustrate how the resonant frequency of the trapezium shape varies with a change in the physical dimensions L, S and W, of the patches.
  • the results shown in Figures 6 to 8 were derived for a series of patches formed on a 12.7mm thick, low permittivity foam substrate, normalised dimensions and frequencies being used in these figures.
  • Figure 6 also shows, in solid line, the theoretical relationship between the resonant frequency and the length L R of a short circuited rectangular patch formed on a similar low permittivity foam substrate.
  • Figure 7 shows, in broken line, the effect on the resonant frequency of varying the length L of a typical trapezium shape patch, together with the same variation for the rectangular shape patch shown by the solid line plot. It can be seen from Figure 7 that for a given resonant frequency, the trapezium shape patch is far shorter than the rectangular shape patch.
  • Figure 8 shows that the resonant frequency can be controlled by controlling the width W of the radiating edge of the trapezium.
  • the resonant frequency of the rectangular shape patch is independent of width.
  • the trapezium patch not only provides substantial savings in area, in comparison to rectangular shape patches, but also provides increased flexibility to the antenna designer as the resonant frequency is dependant not only upon the patch length but also the lengths of the grounded and radiating edges.
  • the patch array need not necessarily comprise four patches.
  • the side edges ie: non radiating and non grounded edges of the patch may not necessarily comprise single linear edges.
  • the side edges may be slightly curved or may also comprise a number of edges having a slight offset with respect to each other and arranged to maintain a substantially trapezium shape.
  • the antenna can be constructed in a pure planar manner or as a single or double curved surface such as, for example, a vehicle roof.

Landscapes

  • Waveguide Aerials (AREA)
  • Variable-Direction Aerials And Aerial Arrays (AREA)
  • Details Of Aerials (AREA)
EP19910302792 1990-03-31 1991-03-28 Microstrip antennas Withdrawn EP0450881A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
GB9007298 1990-03-31
GB909007298A GB9007298D0 (en) 1990-03-31 1990-03-31 Microstrip antennas

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0450881A2 true EP0450881A2 (de) 1991-10-09
EP0450881A3 EP0450881A3 (en) 1992-01-29

Family

ID=10673654

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP19910302792 Withdrawn EP0450881A3 (en) 1990-03-31 1991-03-28 Microstrip antennas

Country Status (4)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0450881A3 (de)
JP (1) JPH04225606A (de)
GB (1) GB9007298D0 (de)
NO (1) NO911163L (de)

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0720252A1 (de) * 1994-12-28 1996-07-03 AT&T Corp. Miniatur-Streifenleitungsantenne mit mehreren Zweigen
WO1999043045A1 (en) * 1998-02-23 1999-08-26 Qualcomm Incorporated Antenna with two active radiators
EP0955689A1 (de) * 1998-04-02 1999-11-10 Kyocera Corporation Ebene Antenne und tragbares Funkgerät mit einer derartigen Antenne
US6138449A (en) * 1996-11-30 2000-10-31 Lucas Industries Public Limited Company Lock for a thrust reverser mechanism and a thrust reverser mechanism
EP1450437A1 (de) * 2003-02-24 2004-08-25 Ascom Systec AG Integrierbare ringförmige Antenne
EP1547197A1 (de) * 2002-08-28 2005-06-29 Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Strahlungseinrichtung f r eine planarantenne des typs eines umgekehrten f
EP1564843A1 (de) * 2004-02-11 2005-08-17 Sony International (Europe) GmbH Zirkular polarisierte Gruppenantenne
US7212163B2 (en) 2004-02-11 2007-05-01 Sony Deutschland Gmbh Circular polarized array antenna
EP2088643A1 (de) * 2006-11-06 2009-08-12 Murata Manufacturing Co. Ltd. Patch-antenneneinheit und antenneneinheit
EP2503490A1 (de) * 2009-11-19 2012-09-26 Fujikura Co., Ltd. Antennenvorrichtung
WO2012123645A3 (en) * 2011-03-16 2013-03-14 Aalto University Foundation Thin film photovoltaic cell structure, nanoantenna, and method for manufacturing
US20150048995A1 (en) * 2013-08-13 2015-02-19 Fujitsu Limited Antenna apparatus

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JP4070645B2 (ja) * 2003-03-20 2008-04-02 クラリオン株式会社 平面アンテナ

Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4101895A (en) * 1977-02-14 1978-07-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Multifrequency antenna system integrated into a radome
US4151530A (en) * 1976-11-10 1979-04-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy End fed twin electric microstrip dipole antennas
US4326203A (en) * 1975-04-24 1982-04-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Corner fed electric non rectangular microstrip dipole antennas
GB2152759A (en) * 1984-01-13 1985-08-07 Taiyo Musen Co Ltd Antenna device for direction finders

Patent Citations (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4326203A (en) * 1975-04-24 1982-04-20 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy Corner fed electric non rectangular microstrip dipole antennas
US4151530A (en) * 1976-11-10 1979-04-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Navy End fed twin electric microstrip dipole antennas
US4101895A (en) * 1977-02-14 1978-07-18 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Multifrequency antenna system integrated into a radome
GB2152759A (en) * 1984-01-13 1985-08-07 Taiyo Musen Co Ltd Antenna device for direction finders

Cited By (26)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0720252A1 (de) * 1994-12-28 1996-07-03 AT&T Corp. Miniatur-Streifenleitungsantenne mit mehreren Zweigen
US6218989B1 (en) 1994-12-28 2001-04-17 Lucent Technologies, Inc. Miniature multi-branch patch antenna
US6138449A (en) * 1996-11-30 2000-10-31 Lucas Industries Public Limited Company Lock for a thrust reverser mechanism and a thrust reverser mechanism
WO1999043045A1 (en) * 1998-02-23 1999-08-26 Qualcomm Incorporated Antenna with two active radiators
US6184833B1 (en) 1998-02-23 2001-02-06 Qualcomm, Inc. Dual strip antenna
EP0955689A1 (de) * 1998-04-02 1999-11-10 Kyocera Corporation Ebene Antenne und tragbares Funkgerät mit einer derartigen Antenne
US6150981A (en) * 1998-04-02 2000-11-21 Kyocera Corporation Plane antenna, and portable radio using thereof
AU761038B2 (en) * 1998-04-02 2003-05-29 Kyocera Corporation Plane antenna, and portable radio using thereof
EP1547197A1 (de) * 2002-08-28 2005-06-29 Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute Strahlungseinrichtung f r eine planarantenne des typs eines umgekehrten f
US7345631B2 (en) 2002-08-28 2008-03-18 Electronics And Telecommunications Research Institute Radiation device for planar inverted F antenna
EP1547197A4 (de) * 2002-08-28 2005-09-21 Korea Electronics Telecomm Strahlungseinrichtung f r eine planarantenne des typs eines umgekehrten f
EP1450437A1 (de) * 2003-02-24 2004-08-25 Ascom Systec AG Integrierbare ringförmige Antenne
US7212163B2 (en) 2004-02-11 2007-05-01 Sony Deutschland Gmbh Circular polarized array antenna
EP1564843A1 (de) * 2004-02-11 2005-08-17 Sony International (Europe) GmbH Zirkular polarisierte Gruppenantenne
EP2477274A3 (de) * 2006-11-06 2013-08-28 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Patchantennenvorrichtung und Antennenvorrichtung
EP2088643A4 (de) * 2006-11-06 2011-10-26 Murata Manufacturing Co Patch-antenneneinheit und antenneneinheit
US8089409B2 (en) 2006-11-06 2012-01-03 Murata Manufacturing Co., Ltd. Patch antenna device and antenna device
EP2088643A1 (de) * 2006-11-06 2009-08-12 Murata Manufacturing Co. Ltd. Patch-antenneneinheit und antenneneinheit
EP2503490A1 (de) * 2009-11-19 2012-09-26 Fujikura Co., Ltd. Antennenvorrichtung
EP2503490A4 (de) * 2009-11-19 2014-08-13 Fujikura Co Ltd Antennenvorrichtung
US9478849B2 (en) 2009-11-19 2016-10-25 Fujikura Ltd. Antenna device
WO2012123645A3 (en) * 2011-03-16 2013-03-14 Aalto University Foundation Thin film photovoltaic cell structure, nanoantenna, and method for manufacturing
US9252303B2 (en) 2011-03-16 2016-02-02 Aalto University Foundation Thin film photovoltaic cell structure, nanoantenna, and method for manufacturing
US20150048995A1 (en) * 2013-08-13 2015-02-19 Fujitsu Limited Antenna apparatus
EP2846398A3 (de) * 2013-08-13 2015-07-01 Fujitsu Limited Antennenvorrichtung
US9379452B2 (en) 2013-08-13 2016-06-28 Fujitsu Limited Antenna apparatus having four inverted F antenna elements and ground plane

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
NO911163D0 (no) 1991-03-22
JPH04225606A (ja) 1992-08-14
EP0450881A3 (en) 1992-01-29
NO911163L (no) 1991-10-01
GB9007298D0 (en) 1991-02-20

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