EP0449694A1 - Electrode holder for electroerosive machining - Google Patents
Electrode holder for electroerosive machining Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0449694A1 EP0449694A1 EP91400689A EP91400689A EP0449694A1 EP 0449694 A1 EP0449694 A1 EP 0449694A1 EP 91400689 A EP91400689 A EP 91400689A EP 91400689 A EP91400689 A EP 91400689A EP 0449694 A1 EP0449694 A1 EP 0449694A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- electrodes
- electrode holder
- block
- piston
- holder device
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 11
- 239000013013 elastic material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 claims description 2
- 238000005553 drilling Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000000465 moulding Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000006116 polymerization reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000004020 conductor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004519 grease Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007769 metal material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 229920001296 polysiloxane Polymers 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H7/00—Processes or apparatus applicable to both electrical discharge machining and electrochemical machining
- B23H7/26—Apparatus for moving or positioning electrode relatively to workpiece; Mounting of electrode
- B23H7/265—Mounting of one or more thin electrodes
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23H—WORKING OF METAL BY THE ACTION OF A HIGH CONCENTRATION OF ELECTRIC CURRENT ON A WORKPIECE USING AN ELECTRODE WHICH TAKES THE PLACE OF A TOOL; SUCH WORKING COMBINED WITH OTHER FORMS OF WORKING OF METAL
- B23H9/00—Machining specially adapted for treating particular metal objects or for obtaining special effects or results on metal objects
- B23H9/14—Making holes
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrode holder device for EDM machining.
- FR-A-1 304 170 describes improvements made to the balancing of a movable assembly supporting a tool electrode which, during its movement, produces a part made of electrically conductive metallic material by electro-erosion, according to the known principle of intermittent electrical discharges between electrode and workpiece.
- EP-A-0 144 616 also shows a machining electrode and an electrode holder connected by a mounting with rods and sockets.
- Some applications of the EDM machining process include drilling a multitude of holes in a workpiece simultaneously using a corresponding number of fine needle type electrodes.
- EP-A- 0 241 165 and EP-A- 0 248 509 describe an electro-erosion machining installation comprising electrodes mounted in interchangeable cartridges.
- An electrode holder device meeting these conditions without incurring the drawbacks of prior known solutions is characterized in that it comprises a body of an electrically conductive material in which are provided holes for guiding and positioning the electrodes and comprising a cavity on the face opposite to the exit face of the working part of the electrodes, cavity in which takes place a block of deformable elastic material of adequate rigidity, said block being subjected to the compression action of a piston displaceable by means of a clamping device and said block as well as the base of the piston being traversed by said electrodes so as to ensure the simultaneous clamping of the electrodes by means of said block isostatically compressed.
- the means for moving said piston consists of a clamping screw connected to said electrode holder body with the interposition of a force-transmitting element between the screw head and the piston.
- a clamping screw connected to said electrode holder body with the interposition of a force-transmitting element between the screw head and the piston.
- hollow electrodes with injection of dielectric liquid are used and in this case the body of the electrode holder is capped with a manifold providing simultaneous supply of the electrodes.
- a device 1 electrode holder according to the invention has been shown in Figures 1 and 2 in the case of an application of multi-drilling by EDM to a piece of axisymmetric revolution, in particular for an aeronautical engine.
- the invention is also applicable to electrode holder devices used for machining parts having other geometric shapes, the arrangement of the electrodes and the general shapes of the electrode holder being in each case adapted to these particular shapes.
- Said electrode holder 1 comprises a body 2 in which are formed at a base 3 a multitude of through holes 4 intended for guiding the electrodes 5 whose arrangement can be ordered, as in the example shown in FIG. 2 , or any.
- the holes 4 are made with great precision so as to ensure on the one hand the passage of the electric current in the electrodes 5 from a supply 3a bringing the current to the body 3 and, on the other hand, the precision of the holes performed by the EDM machining operation.
- Said body 2 comprises a cavity 6 formed on the side opposite to the face 7 for the outlet of the electrodes 5. In the embodiment shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cavity 6 has the shape of an annular crown.
- a block 8 of deformable elastic material In the cavity 6 is placed by means of known techniques of molding and polymerization a block 8 of deformable elastic material, however, having sufficient rigidity, especially in the compressed state.
- An example of the material used is based on cold polymerizable silicone resin.
- Said block 8 is surmounted by an element forming a piston 9 which, in the example shown, also has an annular shape corresponding to the cavity 6.
- the piston 9 comprises a hollow element forming a rod 10 which covers a central part 11 which is integral with the body 2.
- Said piston 9 is associated at its upper end to a force transmitting element 12 which is placed in abutment on the end face 13 of the piston rod 10.
- the device is completed by a tightening screw 14, the head 15 of which rests on the upper face 16 of said force-transmitting element 12 passed through, at the level of a hole 17, to screw into a tapped hole 18 formed on said central part 11 of the body 2.
- the electrodes 5 are put in place and adjusted in position, passing through the holes 4 of the body 2 and the corresponding passage holes 20 formed in the piston 9. Said piston 9 is then raised above the cavity 6 by sliding so as to allow the filling thereof with an elastic material initially in the liquid state and the polymerization of which forms the block 8 in which the passage holes 19 of the electrodes 5 are formed.
- the displacement of the piston is locked in rotation by a pin 21 cooperating with a groove 22 formed on the central part 11 of the body, so as to avoid stressing or breaking of the electrodes 5.
- the electrodes are previously coated with an anti-product -a member of a known type, suitable for the material to be cast, for example a silicone grease.
- the operation of the electrode holder device which has just been described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 is as follows.
- the electrodes 5 are adjusted in position passing through the holes 4 of the body 2 and the corresponding passage holes 19 and 20 of the block 8 and of the piston 9.
- the screwing of the screw 14 then allows, by vertical displacement of the piston 9, a setting isostatic pressure of the deformable block 8 in which said electrodes 5 are consequently clamped by deformation of this block 8.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
Abstract
Un dispositif porte-électrodes pour usinage par électro-érosion comporte un corps (2) traversé par des électrodes (5) qui traversent également un bloc (8) en matériau élastique déformable et un piston (9) dont l'action de compression sur ledit bloc (8) placé dans une cavité (6) du corps (2) assure le serrage simultané des électrodes (5) dans ledit bloc (8).An electrode holder device for machining by electro-erosion comprises a body (2) traversed by electrodes (5) which also traverse a block (8) of deformable elastic material and a piston (9) whose compression action on said block (8) placed in a cavity (6) of the body (2) ensures the simultaneous clamping of the electrodes (5) in said block (8).
Description
L'invention concerne un dispositif porte-électrodes pour usinage par électro-érosion.The invention relates to an electrode holder device for EDM machining.
FR-A-1 304 170 décrit des perfectionnements apportés à l'équilibrage d'un équipage mobile supportant une électrode-outil qui au cours de son déplacement usine une pièce en matériau métallique électro-conducteur par électro-érosion, selon le principe connu de décharges électriques intermittentes entre électrode et pièce. EP-A-0 144 616 montre également une électrode d'usinage et un porte-électrode reliés par un montage à tiges et à douilles.FR-A-1 304 170 describes improvements made to the balancing of a movable assembly supporting a tool electrode which, during its movement, produces a part made of electrically conductive metallic material by electro-erosion, according to the known principle of intermittent electrical discharges between electrode and workpiece. EP-A-0 144 616 also shows a machining electrode and an electrode holder connected by a mounting with rods and sockets.
Certaines applications du procédé d'usinage par électro-érosion comportent notamment le perçage d'une multitude de trous dans une pièce en utilisant simultanément un nombre correspondant d'électrodes fines du type aiguilles.Some applications of the EDM machining process include drilling a multitude of holes in a workpiece simultaneously using a corresponding number of fine needle type electrodes.
On connait ainsi par FR-A-2 165 361 un dispositif pour serrer et guider des électrodes très fines comportant une microgriffe de serrage à machoires. En outre, EP-A- 0 241 165 et EP-A- 0 248 509 décrivent une installation d'usinage par électro-érosion comportant des électrodes montées en cartouches interchangeables.There is thus known from FR-A-2 165 361 a device for clamping and guiding very fine electrodes comprising a jaw clamping micro-claw. In addition, EP-A- 0 241 165 and EP-A- 0 248 509 describe an electro-erosion machining installation comprising electrodes mounted in interchangeable cartridges.
Ces solutions connues laissent subsister toutefois, lorsque de multiples électrodes, notamment proches les unes des autres, doivent être utilisées selon différentes configuration, des difficultés pour assurer dans un temps réduit un serrage simultané des électrodes préalablement réglées dans les positions spatiales recherchées, sans risque de porte-à-faux ou d'introduire des contraintes excessives dans les électrodes, susceptibles de provoquer des ruptures.However, these known solutions allow, when multiple electrodes, in particular close to one another, to be used according to different configurations, difficulties in ensuring in a reduced time a simultaneous tightening of the electrodes previously adjusted in the desired spatial positions, without risk of overhang or introduce constraints excessive in the electrodes, which may cause ruptures.
Un dispositif porte-électrodes répondant à ces conditions sans encourir les inconvénients des solutions connues antérieures est caractérisé en ce qu'il comporte un corps en un matériau électriquement conducteur dans lequel sont ménagés des trous de guidage et de positionnement des électrodes et comportant une cavité sur la face opposée à la face de sortie de la partie travaillante des électrodes, cavité dans laquelle prend place un bloc en matériau élastique déformable de rigidité adéquate, ledit bloc étant soumis à l'action de compression d'un piston déplaçable au moyen d'un dispositif de serrage et ledit bloc ainsi que l'embase du piston étant traversés par lesdites électrodes de manière à assurer le serrage simultané des électrodes au moyen dudit bloc isostatiquement compressé.An electrode holder device meeting these conditions without incurring the drawbacks of prior known solutions is characterized in that it comprises a body of an electrically conductive material in which are provided holes for guiding and positioning the electrodes and comprising a cavity on the face opposite to the exit face of the working part of the electrodes, cavity in which takes place a block of deformable elastic material of adequate rigidity, said block being subjected to the compression action of a piston displaceable by means of a clamping device and said block as well as the base of the piston being traversed by said electrodes so as to ensure the simultaneous clamping of the electrodes by means of said block isostatically compressed.
Avantageusement, le moyen de déplacement dudit piston est constitué par une vis de serrage reliée audit corps de porte-électrode avec interposition d'un élément transmetteur d'effort entre la tête de vis et le piston. Pour certaines applications particulières, des électrodes creuses avec injection de liquide diélectrique sont utilisées et dans ce cas le corps du porte-électrodes est coiffé d'une nourrice réalisant l'alimentation simultanée des électrodes.Advantageously, the means for moving said piston consists of a clamping screw connected to said electrode holder body with the interposition of a force-transmitting element between the screw head and the piston. For certain particular applications, hollow electrodes with injection of dielectric liquid are used and in this case the body of the electrode holder is capped with a manifold providing simultaneous supply of the electrodes.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront mieux compris à la lecture de la description qui va suivre d'un mode de réalisation du dispositif porte-électrodes conforme à l'invention, en référence aux dessins annexés sur lesquels :
- la figure 1 représente une vue, en coupe par un plan contenant la direction d'usinage, d'un dispositif porte-électrodes selon un mode de réalisation de l'invention ;
- la figure 2 représente une demi-vue de dessus schématique du porte-électrodes représenté sur la figure 1, montrant un exemple de répartition des électrodes pour une application particulière.
- FIG. 1 represents a view, in section through a plane containing the direction of machining, of an electrode-carrying device according to an embodiment of the invention;
- Figure 2 shows a half view from above schematic of the electrode holder shown in Figure 1, showing an example of electrode distribution for a particular application.
Un dispositif 1 porte-électrodes conforme à l'invention a été représenté sur les figures 1 et 2 dans le cas d'une application de multi-perçage par électro-érosion à unepièce de révolution axisymétrique, notamment destinée à un moteur aéronautique. Mais l'invention est également applicable à des dispositifs porte-électrodes utilisés pour l'usinage de pièces ayant d'autres formes géométriques, la disposition des électrodes et les formes générales du porte-électrode étant dans chaque cas adaptées à ces formes particulières.A
Ledit porte-électrodes 1 comporte un corps 2 dans lequel sont ménagés au niveau d'une base 3 une multitude de trous traversants 4 destinés au guidage des électrodes 5 dont l'agencement peut être ordonné, comme dans l'exemple représenté sur la figure 2, ou quelconque. Les trous 4 sont réalisés avec une grande précision de manière à assurer d'une part le passage du courant électrique dans les électrodes 5 à partir d'une alimentation 3a amenant le courant au corps 3 et, d'autre part, la précision des perçages effectués par l'opération d'usinage par électro-érosion. Ledit corps 2 comporte une cavité 6 ménagée du côté opposé à la face 7 de sortie des électrodes 5. Dans l'exemple de réalisation représenté sur les figures 1 et 2, la cavité 6 a une forme de couronne annulaire. Dans la cavité 6 est mis en place au moyen de techniques connues de moulage et polymérisation un bloc 8 en matériau élastique déformable présentant toutefois une rigidité suffisante, notamment à l'état compressé. Un exemple de matériau utilisé est à base de résine silicone polymérisable à froid. Ledit bloc 8 est surmonté d'un élément formant piston 9 qui, dans l'exemple représenté, présente également une forme annulaire correspondant à la cavité 6. Le piston 9 comporte un élément creux formant tige 10 qui coiffe une partie centrale 11 qui est solidaire du corps 2. Ledit piston 9 est associé à son extrémité supérieure à un élément 12 transmetteur d'effort qui est placé en appui sur la face d'extrémité 13 de la tige 10 de piston.Said
Le dispositif est complété par une vis 14 de serrage dont la tête 15 est en appui sur la face supérieur 16 dudit élément 12 transmetteur d'effort traversé, au niveau d'un trou 17, pour venir visser dans un trou taraudé 18 ménagé sur ladite partie centrale 11 du corps 2.The device is completed by a tightening
Pour réaliser le moulage du bloc 8, les électrodes 5 sont mises en place et réglées en position, traversant les trous 4 du corps 2 et les trous de passage 20 correspondants ménagés dans le piston 9. Ledit piston 9 est ensuite remonté au dessus de la cavité 6 par coulissage de manière à permettre le remplissage de celle-ci avec un matériau élastique initialement à l'état liquide et dont la polymérisation forme le bloc 8 dans lequel sont ménagés les trous de passage 19 des électrodes 5. Le déplacement du piston est bloqué en rotation par un pion 21 coopérant avec une rainure 22 ménagée sur la partie centrale 11 du corps, de manière à éviter la mise en contrainte ou la rupture des électrodes 5. Lors du moulage, les électrodes sont prélablement enduites d'un produit anti-adhérent d'un type connu, adapté au matériau à couler, par exemple une graisse silicone.To carry out the molding of the
Le fonctionnement du dispositif porte-électrodes qui vient d'être décrit en référence aux figures 1 et 2 est le suivant. Les électrodes 5 sont réglées en position traversant les trous 4 du corps 2 et les trous de passage correspondants 19 et 20 du bloc 8 et du piston 9. Le vissage de la vis 14 permet alors, par déplacement vertical du piston 9, une mise en pression isostatique du bloc déformable 8 dans lequel les dites électrodes 5 se trouvent en conséquence serrées par déformation de ce bloc 8.The operation of the electrode holder device which has just been described with reference to Figures 1 and 2 is as follows. The
Dans le cas d'une application imposant l'utilisation d'électrodes creuses, notamment pour la réalisation de perçage profonds, une injection simultanée de diélectrique est assurée à partir d'un dispositif 23 formant réservoir, fixé de manière étanche sur le corps 2 et constituant la nourrice d'alimentation des électrodes 5.In the case of an application requiring the use of hollow electrodes, in particular for carrying out deep drilling, a simultaneous injection of dielectric is ensured from a
Aux avantages qui ont été précédemment notés, on ajoutera que le réglage indépendant des électrodes 5, avant leur serrage simultané permet facilement d'adapter la position des électrodes 5 à l'usinage d'une pièce présentant une surface courbe et à l'obtention de tout profil souhaité.To the advantages which have been previously noted, it will be added that the independent adjustment of the
Claims (5)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR9003510 | 1990-03-20 | ||
FR9003510A FR2659884B1 (en) | 1990-03-20 | 1990-03-20 | ELECTRODE HOLDER DEVICE FOR ELECTRO-EROSION MACHINING. |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0449694A1 true EP0449694A1 (en) | 1991-10-02 |
EP0449694B1 EP0449694B1 (en) | 1993-01-07 |
Family
ID=9394891
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP91400689A Expired - Lifetime EP0449694B1 (en) | 1990-03-20 | 1991-03-14 | Electrode holder for electroerosive machining |
Country Status (8)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US5055650A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0449694B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH0751944A (en) |
CA (1) | CA2038461A1 (en) |
DE (1) | DE69100020T2 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2036908T3 (en) |
FR (1) | FR2659884B1 (en) |
GR (1) | GR3006913T3 (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019063953A1 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-04 | Safran | Device for holding one or more electrodes for electrical discharge machining, and method of obtaining same |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB9912970D0 (en) * | 1999-06-04 | 1999-08-04 | Amchem Co Ltd | Sealing apparatus |
US6773678B2 (en) | 2000-03-20 | 2004-08-10 | Endress + Hauser Conducta Gesellschaft Fur Mess Und Regeltechnik Mbh + Co. | Mounting system and retractable sensor holder for analytical sensors |
GB0113879D0 (en) * | 2001-06-07 | 2001-08-01 | Amchem Ltd | Electrical discharge machining apparatus |
MD4325C1 (en) * | 2013-07-25 | 2015-09-30 | Павел ТОПАЛА | Multielectrode tool for surface treatment by electropulse discharges |
GB2550592B (en) * | 2016-05-24 | 2019-02-13 | Rolls Royce Plc | Electrical discharge machining apparatus comprising a resilient retaining member |
Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3719579A (en) * | 1971-05-24 | 1973-03-06 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Tool holder |
EP0245545A1 (en) * | 1986-05-12 | 1987-11-19 | Corning Glass Works | Electrochemical stem drilling electrode mounting |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR1304170A (en) * | 1961-08-11 | 1962-09-21 | Centre Nat Rech Scient | Improvements to devices for machining by intermittent electric discharges |
US3467592A (en) * | 1966-04-14 | 1969-09-16 | Gen Electric | Tube holding means for electrochemical machining apparatus |
US3604883A (en) * | 1969-03-26 | 1971-09-14 | Engineered Models Corp | Multiple electrode assembly for electrical discharge machining |
GB1341911A (en) * | 1971-01-25 | 1973-12-25 | Secr Defence | Holder for electrodischarge electrodes |
FR2165361A5 (en) * | 1971-12-23 | 1973-08-03 | Steremat H Schlimme | |
US3803015A (en) * | 1972-11-01 | 1974-04-09 | United Aircraft Corp | Electrochemical drilling |
US3842480A (en) * | 1973-06-28 | 1974-10-22 | United Aircraft Corp | Method of making guide for electrochemical drilling |
JPS53103999A (en) * | 1977-02-24 | 1978-09-09 | Agency Of Ind Science & Technol | Preparation of titanium hydrogen phosphate o[1/2 hydrate |
AU6132880A (en) * | 1979-09-26 | 1981-06-11 | John H.H. Brooks | Pattern constructing card game |
US4278245A (en) * | 1979-11-23 | 1981-07-14 | General Electric Company | Apparatus for clamping a plurality of elements |
US4814573A (en) * | 1986-04-07 | 1989-03-21 | Ex-Cell-O Corporation | Electrical discharge machining apparatus with exchangeable electrode refeed cartridge |
US4739145A (en) * | 1986-04-07 | 1988-04-19 | Ex-Cell-O Corporation | System for positioning and transferring EDM electrodes |
-
1990
- 1990-03-20 FR FR9003510A patent/FR2659884B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1991
- 1991-03-14 DE DE9191400689T patent/DE69100020T2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-03-14 EP EP91400689A patent/EP0449694B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-14 US US07/669,609 patent/US5055650A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1991-03-14 ES ES199191400689T patent/ES2036908T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1991-03-18 CA CA002038461A patent/CA2038461A1/en not_active Abandoned
- 1991-03-20 JP JP3057167A patent/JPH0751944A/en active Pending
-
1993
- 1993-01-28 GR GR930400160T patent/GR3006913T3/el unknown
Patent Citations (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3719579A (en) * | 1971-05-24 | 1973-03-06 | Owens Corning Fiberglass Corp | Tool holder |
EP0245545A1 (en) * | 1986-05-12 | 1987-11-19 | Corning Glass Works | Electrochemical stem drilling electrode mounting |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
WO2019063953A1 (en) | 2017-09-29 | 2019-04-04 | Safran | Device for holding one or more electrodes for electrical discharge machining, and method of obtaining same |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
CA2038461A1 (en) | 1991-09-21 |
FR2659884A1 (en) | 1991-09-27 |
EP0449694B1 (en) | 1993-01-07 |
DE69100020T2 (en) | 1993-06-03 |
FR2659884B1 (en) | 1992-06-05 |
ES2036908T3 (en) | 1993-06-01 |
GR3006913T3 (en) | 1993-06-30 |
US5055650A (en) | 1991-10-08 |
JPH0751944A (en) | 1995-02-28 |
DE69100020D1 (en) | 1993-02-18 |
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