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EP0444568B1 - Lastschalter unterstützt durch Varistor - Google Patents

Lastschalter unterstützt durch Varistor Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0444568B1
EP0444568B1 EP91102721A EP91102721A EP0444568B1 EP 0444568 B1 EP0444568 B1 EP 0444568B1 EP 91102721 A EP91102721 A EP 91102721A EP 91102721 A EP91102721 A EP 91102721A EP 0444568 B1 EP0444568 B1 EP 0444568B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
circuit breaker
varistor
switch
contact
breaker according
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP91102721A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0444568A1 (de
Inventor
Doan Pham Van
Joseph Martin
Edmond Thuries
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Alstom Holdings SA
Original Assignee
GEC Alsthom SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from FR9002416A external-priority patent/FR2658949B1/fr
Application filed by GEC Alsthom SA filed Critical GEC Alsthom SA
Publication of EP0444568A1 publication Critical patent/EP0444568A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0444568B1 publication Critical patent/EP0444568B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H33/00—High-tension or heavy-current switches with arc-extinguishing or arc-preventing means
    • H01H33/02—Details
    • H01H33/04—Means for extinguishing or preventing arc between current-carrying parts
    • H01H33/16—Impedances connected with contacts
    • H01H33/161—Variable impedances

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a high-voltage circuit breaker fitted with resistors to limit overvoltages at cut-off.
  • An object of the present invention is to provide a circuit breaker based on this principle, the production of which is simple and economical, the object being achieved by a circuit breaker according to claim 1.
  • the invention applies equally to circuit breakers, of conventional or shielded type, in which the varistor is arranged, for each of the poles of the circuit breaker, in a column separate from that which contains the breaking chamber, as well as to circuit breakers in which the varistor is placed in the same column as the breaking chamber.
  • the invention applies to circuit breakers having several breaking chambers in series per phase, and in particular to circuit breakers having two breaking chambers per phase, arranged in T or V.
  • the flexible maneuvering arrangement according to the invention makes it possible to avoid any system of connecting rods, which makes the device particularly simple while being very reliable.
  • the switch and the varistor are arranged in a porcelain envelope filled with sulfur hexafluoride (SF6).
  • SF6 sulfur hexafluoride
  • the switch in series has a lower cut-off interval and tripping speed than those of the cut-out chamber.
  • said flexible hose is fixed, inside the column containing the breaking chamber, to a thrust arm, in the direction of the moving element, by a spring, said arm being able to be brought into contact with the moving element in the using insulating rods.
  • Said arm can carry a first cylinder provided with a flange defining with a second fixed cylinder provided with a flange a variable volume, said volume being maximum when the circuit breaker is in the on position, said volume being leak tight near and constituting a device retarder of the movement of said arm during a tripping operation of the circuit breaker.
  • one of said cylinders carries an adjustable valve.
  • said flexible hose is connected to the operating rod by means of a retarding member.
  • resistive discs are inserted in the stacks of varistor elements.
  • the circuit breaker may further comprise, inside each breaking chamber, a resistor associated with a mechanism for its insertion for a brief instant when the circuit breaker closes.
  • the breaking capacity of the switch in series can be improved while retaining an acceptable voltage stress on the varistor when the circuit breaker is in the tripped position.
  • the means for conferring on the switch the desired capacity comprise first and second fixed metal frames facing each other, in electrical connection respectively with the movable contact and the fixed contact of the switch.
  • Said reinforcements have the form of rings or have a large flat facing surface.
  • the means for giving the switch the desired capacity comprise at least one cylinder of material with high dielectric constant, in electrical contact at its respective ends with fixed plates in electrical connection respectively with the movable contact and the fixed switch contact.
  • the material of the cylinders is araldite quartz.
  • said cylinder is a commercial ceramic capacitor.
  • the circuit breaker of Figure 1 is shown in the tripped position. It comprises an insulating envelope 1, preferably made of porcelain, enclosing the breaking chamber, and resting on an insulating column 100 of which only a part has been shown.
  • the envelope 1 is closed at its upper part by a metal cover 1A.
  • the interior 2 of the envelope 1 is sealed and contains a gas with high dielectric strength, such as sulfur hexafluoride, under a pressure of a few bars.
  • a gas with high dielectric strength such as sulfur hexafluoride
  • the circuit breaker comprises a fixed main contact formed by a tube 3 mechanically and electrically connected by arms 4 to a first socket 5, in electrical contact with the cover 1A.
  • the contact 3 is integral with a fixed arcing contact 6 also consisting of a tubular part; this contact 6 is electrically connected to contact 3.
  • the moving part of the circuit breaker comprises a movable main contact formed by contact fingers 9, protected by a corona hood 10 and cooperating with the tube 3. It also includes an arcing contact formed by fingers 11, cooperating with a nozzle 12.
  • the means of blowing which are not part of the present invention, have not been shown.
  • the moving element is connected in a known manner to an operating rod, not shown.
  • the movable electrical contacts are electrically connected to each other by a disc 13 itself fixed to a metal cylinder 14 electrically connected by sliding contacts not shown to a second socket 5A.
  • the varistor is arranged inside a sealed insulating column 20 closed at its ends by metal plates 21 and 22, electrically connected to the terminals of the circuit breaker by conductors 23 and 24.
  • the interior of the envelope is filled with 'sulfur hexafluoride.
  • the varistor consists of varistor elements in the form of discs based on zinc oxides, stacked in two coaxial but separate piles 26 and 36.
  • the stack 26, made up of elements 26A, is placed inside an insulating cylinder 27 fixed under the upper plate 21; the cylinder 27 is closed at its lower part by a metal plate 28 extended by a cylindrical part 28A; the lower element of the stack 26 is in close contact with the plate 28 by virtue of the pressure exerted by a spring 29 resting on the one hand on a metal plate 30 situated at the top of the stack 26 and on the other hand on the plate 21.
  • a metal braid 31 provides electrical continuity between the battery 26 and the plate 21.
  • the discs 26A of the stack 26 are pierced in their center with a hole so that the axis of the stack has a cylindrical channel in which a rod can slide, as will be seen below.
  • the cylindrical part 28A has a central bore for the passage of the rod.
  • the battery 36 is placed inside an insulating cylinder 37, fixed above the plate 22; elements 36A of the stack 36 do not have a central hole; to the upper part of the cylinder 37 is fixed a metal cover 38 provided with a cylindrical protuberance 38A intended to receive the rod which has been mentioned above. Between the lower element of the stack 36 and the plate 22, and separated by a metal washer 39 are disposed resistant disks 40 whose role will be explained later.
  • the stack is clamped by a spring 41 resting on the one hand on the cover 38 and on the other hand on a metal plate 42 surmounting the battery 36.
  • a metal braid 43 provides electrical continuity between the battery 36 and the plate 38.
  • the cover 1A carries, at its lower part, a metal cylinder 50 provided with lights in which slides a metal arm 51.
  • a metal hose 52 which passes through the cover 1A through an orifice of the latter ;
  • the other end of the metal hose is connected to a rod 53, made of insulating material, which engages in the axis of the stack 26;
  • the other end of the rod 53 is fixed to a metal rod 54 which passes through the cylinder 28A and cooperates electrically with the latter by means of sliding contacts 28B.
  • the hose 52 runs, outside of the columns 1 and 20, in a flexible sheath 56 connected in leaktight manner to the cover 1A and to the cover 21.
  • the arm 51 is pushed by a spring 57 bearing on the cover 1A.
  • Insulating rods 58 fixed at one end to the arm 51, bear at their other end on the corona hood 10 of the circuit breaker.
  • the apparatus is completed by a device making it possible to delay the movement of the arm 51, when, the circuit breaker being in the latched position, a triggering suddenly drives the moving assembly towards the bottom of the figure.
  • This device comprises a first cylinder 60 fixed to the cover 1A and provided with a flange 61 towards the outside, and a second cylinder 62, integral with the arm 51 and provided with a flange 63 facing inwards and placed above the flange 61; in this way, the cylinders and the flanges define a variable and tight volume 64, except for leaks; these leaks can be calibrated by a valve 65 placed for example on the cylinder 62.
  • the total length of the hose 52, the insulating rod 53 and the metal rod 54, and the distance between the batteries 26 and 36 are chosen so that, when the circuit breaker is in the tripped (open) position, the rod 54 is in its position furthest from contact 38A and that, when the circuit breaker is in the latched (closed) position, the rod 54 is in contact with contact 38A; this amounts to saying that the stroke A of the circuit breaker is equal to the stroke of the switch constituted by the rod 54 and the contact 38A.
  • the operation of the device is as follows.
  • the moving element In the engaged position, the moving element is in the high position; the rods 58 are pushed back by the cover 10, the arm 51 is in the high position, the spring 57 is compressed, the volume 64 is maximum, the switch 54-38A is closed. Varistor 26-36 is short-circuited by the circuit breaker contacts.
  • the resistors 40 serve to reduce the voltage on the varistors 26 and 36 in the event of high restored voltage.
  • varistor stack 26 can include, like the stack 36, resistive elements 40.
  • FIG. 2 represents an alternative embodiment of the invention, applied to a circuit breaker in which the varistor is placed in a column 20 distinct from column 1 enclosing the breaking chamber; but unlike Figure 1, the switch is operated by a mechanism directly connected to the operating rod of the circuit breaker.
  • the insulating column supporting the breaking chamber and enclosing the insulating operating rod 121 has been designated by the reference 120.
  • the latter is extended by a metal portion 122 connected to the movable element of the breaking chamber. It is also connected to a hose 123 fixed to the rod 154 of the switch, with the interposition of a delay mechanism 160, which can be similar to those previously described.
  • the rod 154 of the switch cooperates with a contact fixed at the end of the stack of varistors 26.
  • the hose is placed in an insulating sheath 123. The operation is identical to that described above.
  • FIG. 3 shows how the invention can be applied to a circuit breaker having two breaking chambers 201 and 202, arranged in a T shape.
  • the reference 203 designates an insulating column common to the two breaking chambers and placed on a metal frame 204 carrying an operating mechanism 205.
  • An operating rod 206 common to the two breaking chambers, ensures the opening and closing of the two chambers of the circuit breaker by means of a mechanism 207.
  • the interrupting chambers 201 and 202 are each associated with an insulating column; these columns are respectively referenced 211 and 212; they each contain a varistor in two batteries; only column 211 is shown in detail; column 211 contains a stack of varistor elements 216A without central hole, terminated by a contact 218 and a stack of varistor elements 236A, with central hole, supported by a metal cone 219 electrically connecting the end of the battery to a terminal of the breaking chamber 211.
  • the elements 236A are traversed by an insulating hose 220 connected by a first end to the operating rod 206 by means of a delay mechanism 260. The second end of the hose is connected to a metal rod 221 cooperating with contact 218.
  • the hose, outside the stack of elements 236A is placed in a sheath 222.
  • circuit breaker The operation of the circuit breaker is completely identical to the operation of the circuit breakers of Figures 1 and 2.
  • the varistor behaves like a capacitor.
  • the varistor has a capacity of between twenty and thirty picofarads, the exact value depending on the diameter and the height of the varistor.
  • the switch in series has its own capacity of the same order of magnitude, the voltage restored between its terminals will then be approximately half that applied to the breaking chamber which is connected in parallel on the varistor and switch assembly.
  • the varistor In case of phase opposition at 2 p.u. for example, the varistor will only be subjected to a voltage equal to 1 p.u.
  • first frame 300 in electrical connection with the movable contact 54 via the contacts 28B and the block 28A
  • second frame 301 in electrical connection with the contact 38A by the metal block 38.
  • the fixed and facing reinforcements can take the form of washers or any other shape provided that the reinforcements have a large planar facing surface.
  • the varistor-armature assembly can be used to protect the line against high lightning strikes or high operating overvoltages.
  • the value of the capacity of the series switch is adjusted by placing, between the plates 28 and 38, suitably enlarged, 310 cylindrical parts, made for example of araldite quartz or any other material having a high dielectric constant.
  • a ceramic capacitor 40 mm long and 18 mm in diameter could give a capacity of about 25 picofarads.
  • the invention finds application in the production of high-voltage line circuit breakers, conventional (with an insulating jacket) or shielded (with a metal jacket), as well as circuit breakers used to connect reactors or banks of capacitors.

Landscapes

  • Arc-Extinguishing Devices That Are Switches (AREA)
  • Circuit Breakers (AREA)
  • Oscillators With Electromechanical Resonators (AREA)
  • Keying Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Driving Mechanisms And Operating Circuits Of Arc-Extinguishing High-Tension Switches (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Control Of Vending Devices And Auxiliary Devices For Vending Devices (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)

Claims (14)

  1. Trennschalter, der für jeden Pol mindestens eine erste isolierende Säule, die eine Trennkammer mit festen Kontakten und ein bewegliches Organ mit beweglichen Kontakten aufweist und parallel zu jeder Trennkammer eine Einheit besitzt, die in Serie einen Widerstand und einen Schalter aufweist, wobei der Schalter offen ist, wenn der Trennschalter offen ist, und geschlossen ist, wenn der Trennschalter eingeschaltet ist, wobei der Schalter einen beweglichen Kontakt (54, 94) aufweist, der vom beweglichen Organ betätigt wird, wenn der Trennschalter eine Einschaltbewegung durchführt, wobei der bewegliche Kontakt des Schalters mit einer gewissen Verzögerung der Bewegung des beweglichen Organs folgt, wenn der Trennschalter eine Ausschaltbewegung durchführt, wobei der Widerstand in einer zweiten, von der ersten Säule (1) getrennten Säule (20) angeordnet ist und der bewegliche Kontakt des Schalters einen Metallstab (54) aufweist, wobei der Widerstand aus gestapelten Widerstandselementen besteht, wobei ein Ende des Stapels (36) von Elementen mit einem Buchsenkontakt (38A) ausgestattet ist, der mit dem Stab zusammenwirkt, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Widerstand ein nicht-linearer Widerstand, nämlich ein Varistor ist, wobei die Widerstandselemente Varistorelemente sind, und daß der Varistor aus zwei Stapeln (26, 36) von Varistorelementen besteht, wobei die beiden Stapel durch einen Abstand getrennt sind, der mindestens gleich dem Isolierabstand des Trennschalters ist, wobei der zweite Stapel (26) vom beweglichen Kontakt durchquert wird, dessen Metallstab (54) an einem metallischen flexiblen Element (52, 123) befestigt ist, das die beiden Säulen (1, 20) außen herum verbindet, wobei der Stab (54) elektrisch mit einem Ende des zweiten Stapels (26) verbunden ist.
  2. Trennschalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das flexible Element (52) im Inneren der ersten Säule (1) an einem Arm (51) befestigt ist, der von einer Feder (57) in Richtung auf das bewegliche Organ belastet wird, wobei der Arm (51) mittels isolierender Stäbe (58) mit dem beweglichen Organ in Kontakt gebracht werden kann.
  3. Trennschalter nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Arm (51) einen ersten mit einem Kragen (63) versehenen Zylinder (62) trägt, der mit einem zweiten mit einem Kragen (61) versehenen festen Zylinder (60) ein variables Volumen (64) definiert, das am größten ist, wenn der Trennschalter in der eingeschalteten Stellung ist, wobei das Volumen abgesehen von Lecks dicht ist und eine Verzögerungsvorrichtung für die Bewegung des Arms (51) bei einem Ausschaltmanöver des Trennschalters bildet.
  4. Trennschalter nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß einer (62) der beiden Zylinder eine regelbare Ventilklappe (65) trägt.
  5. Trennschalter nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das flexible Element (123, 222) mit der Betätigungsstange (121, 206) über ein Verzögerungsorgan (160, 260) verbunden ist.
  6. Trennschalter nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß Widerstandsscheiben (40) in die Stapel von Varistorelementen eingefügt sind.
  7. Trennschalter nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er im Inneren jeder Trennkammer einen Widerstand aufweist, der einem Mechanismus zu seiner Einfügung während eines kurzen Moments beim Schließen des Trennschalters zugeordnet ist.
  8. Trennschalter nach einem beliebigen der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er Mittel (300, 301, 310) aufweist, damit der Serienschalter in der offenen Stellung eine Kapazität zwischen 0,6 mal und 1,1 mal der Kapazität des Varistors aufweist.
  9. Trennschalter nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel eine erste (300) und eine zweite feste metallische Armatur (301) aufweist, die einander gegenüberliegend angeordnet sind und in elektrischer Verbindung mit dem beweglichen Kontakt (28) bzw. dem festen Kontakt (38A) des Schalters stehen.
  10. Trennschalter nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Armaturen (300, 301) die Form von Ringen haben.
  11. Trennschalter nach Anspruch 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Armaturen (300, 301) eine große ebene einander gegenüberliegende Fläche haben.
  12. Trennschalter nach Anspruch 8, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Mittel mindestens einen Zylinder (310) aus einem Material mit großer Dielektrizitätskonstante enthalten, der über seine Enden mit festen Platten (28, 38) in elektrischer Verbindung steht, die in elektrischer Verbindung mit dem beweglichen Kontakt (54) bzw. dem Kontakt (38A) des Schalters stehen.
  13. Trennschalter nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Material der Zylinder Aralditquarz ist.
  14. Trennschalter nach Anspruch 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Zylinder ein handelsüblicher Kondensator ist.
EP91102721A 1990-02-27 1991-02-25 Lastschalter unterstützt durch Varistor Expired - Lifetime EP0444568B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR9002416 1990-02-27
FR9002416A FR2658949B1 (fr) 1990-02-27 1990-02-27 Disjoncteur a coupure assistee par varistance.
FR9006787 1990-05-31
FR909006787A FR2662848B2 (fr) 1990-02-27 1990-05-31 Disjoncteur a coupure assistee par varistance.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0444568A1 EP0444568A1 (de) 1991-09-04
EP0444568B1 true EP0444568B1 (de) 1995-06-21

Family

ID=26227887

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP91102721A Expired - Lifetime EP0444568B1 (de) 1990-02-27 1991-02-25 Lastschalter unterstützt durch Varistor

Country Status (10)

Country Link
US (1) US5170023A (de)
EP (1) EP0444568B1 (de)
JP (1) JPH04230922A (de)
CN (1) CN1022959C (de)
AT (1) ATE124167T1 (de)
BR (1) BR9100768A (de)
CA (1) CA2037119C (de)
DE (1) DE69110499T2 (de)
ES (1) ES2074595T3 (de)
FR (1) FR2662848B2 (de)

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FR2676587B1 (fr) * 1991-05-17 1994-06-10 Alsthom Gec Disjoncteur a grand pouvoir de coupure.
FR2682219B1 (fr) * 1991-10-02 1997-01-31 Alsthom Gec Disjoncteur ultra haute tension.
FR2687246B1 (fr) * 1992-02-07 1994-12-30 Alsthom Gec Parafoudre a oxyde de zinc a eclateur serie.
DE4204559A1 (de) * 1992-02-13 1993-08-19 Slamecka Ernst Verfahren zur schaltspannungsbegrenzung
DE4207983A1 (de) * 1992-03-13 1993-09-16 Asea Brown Boveri Reaktorschalter
JPH07320611A (ja) * 1994-05-23 1995-12-08 Hitachi Ltd ガス絶縁開閉装置
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FR2770696B1 (fr) * 1997-11-06 1999-12-31 Gec Alsthom T & D Sa Ligne electrique a isolation gazeuse et a condensateur de puissance incorpore
US6236010B1 (en) 1999-07-14 2001-05-22 Southern States, Inc. Circuit interrupter including a penetrating electrical contact with grip and release structure
US6316742B1 (en) 1999-07-14 2001-11-13 Southern States, Inc. Limited restrike circuit interrupter used as a line capacitor and load switch
FR2826503B1 (fr) * 2001-06-25 2003-09-05 Alstom Chambre de coupure avec ampoule a vide
FR2840729B1 (fr) * 2002-06-05 2004-07-16 Alstom Dispositif interrupteur pour haute ou moyenne tension, a coupure mixte par vide et gaz
DE102006058042A1 (de) * 2006-12-07 2008-06-19 Abb Technology Ag Kontaktantriebsanordnung
EP2117025B1 (de) * 2008-05-06 2012-12-19 ABB Technology AG Mittelspannungs-Schalteinheit
CN101286636B (zh) * 2008-05-23 2010-06-09 卢为忠 操作过电压吸收装置
US9054530B2 (en) 2013-04-25 2015-06-09 General Atomics Pulsed interrupter and method of operation
DE102019212106A1 (de) * 2019-08-13 2021-02-18 Siemens Energy Global GmbH & Co. KG Schaltgeräte mit zwei in Reihe geschalteten Unterbrechereinheiten
CN111685625B (zh) * 2020-06-09 2021-11-05 扬州晨笑刷业有限公司 一种牙膏定量挤出器
CN112151301B (zh) * 2020-06-15 2022-12-30 平高集团有限公司 一种灭弧室和断路器
CN113921298B (zh) * 2021-09-03 2023-09-29 平高集团有限公司 一种电阻触头及使用该电阻触头的断路器
US12112905B2 (en) * 2022-11-17 2024-10-08 Southern States, Llc Alternative gas current pause circuit interrupter
CN117559275B (zh) * 2023-11-21 2024-11-15 西电宝鸡电气有限公司 一种手车式相控断路器及开关柜

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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
CN1055443A (zh) 1991-10-16
FR2662848A2 (fr) 1991-12-06
DE69110499D1 (de) 1995-07-27
DE69110499T2 (de) 1995-11-09
ATE124167T1 (de) 1995-07-15
BR9100768A (pt) 1991-10-29
CA2037119A1 (fr) 1991-08-28
CA2037119C (fr) 1996-07-23
ES2074595T3 (es) 1995-09-16
US5170023A (en) 1992-12-08
FR2662848B2 (fr) 1994-07-01
JPH04230922A (ja) 1992-08-19
EP0444568A1 (de) 1991-09-04
CN1022959C (zh) 1993-12-01

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