EP0414979A1 - Refuse-collecting and incinerating trailer - Google Patents

Abstract

Trailer comprising, mounted on a rigid frame (1), a cylindrical body (3), in which combustion takes place, doors allowing filling, emptying and also serving as combustion grate, and a part intended for discharge and purification of the smoke produced, which comprises a reservoir of washing water (27), or an incoming washing water tap, a clarifying container (10), and a feed ramp for washing water (11) situated above said container. The smoke passes via a post-combustion pipe (20) provided with a means (21) of raising the temperature of said smoke and openings (23) allowing the injection of an ionised gas, then via a pipe (6), in which the smoke descends towards the clarifying container and then rises again towards the chimneys (15), sprinkled by the alkaline water, preferably under pressure, emerging from the feed ramp. <IMAGE>

Description

The present invention relates to a trailer and incinerator for household and other agricultural waste intended for use in small communities, supermarkets, and / or in cases requiring the use of a light and efficient device, for example in mountainous regions with bad roads.

The applicant already holds a patent for a garbage collector and incinerator trailer, the publication number of which is No. 2,598,691, and relating to a device the purpose of which is the same, but the design of which is significantly different. The main functional parts have in fact been redesigned so as to fulfill their respective functions much more efficiently, and so that the drawbacks noted with the use of the old version are eliminated. There are of course the various elements which were at the base of the trailer which is the subject of the applicant's previous patent; additionally it is possible to integrate or add a very efficient smoke purification device.

Indeed, it should be noted that when incinerating urban waste, it contains on average 8% of various plastic materials, 2% of which are PVC which, by pyrolysis, produces PCB, which in turn produces furans and dioxin, the toxicity of which is known. The remaining 6% is mainly polyethyline, not releasing chlorine during incineration.

However, if 40 to 50% of these organo-chlorinated products remain trapped in residual dust, the rest is expelled into the air.

In both cases, the problem of their toxicity arises with the same vigor. The only difference is that a delayed treatment can be carried out on the dust, while the fumes given off in the air are lost and very dangerous.

One of the paradoxes to be resolved is the following: the fumes are cooled by sprinkling with basic water, making it possible to neutralize the chlorine atoms and extinguish any brandons. This neutralization is moreover all the more effective when the water is at low temperature.

However, the molecules of furan and dioxin, which dissociate at high temperature (1100 ° - 1200 ° C), cannot be reconstituted at the time of cooling by basic water. This cooling, necessary on the one hand, is therefore harmful on the other hand.

One solution consists in injecting ionized plasmogenic gas: the carbon and chlorine atoms contained in the fumes are then ionized and do not reconstitute into Furane and dioxin during cooling.

The subject of this request therefore also relates to a trailer and incinerator for refuse, comprising, mounted on a rigid frame, a main cylindrical body, a sort of tank in which the material to be incinerated is placed, doors allowing filling and the emptying of the burnt materials, and serving for the surplus of combustion grate, and a part whose function is to eject and purify the combustion fumes. This last part consists of a washing water tank or a washing water inlet, a settling tank, a washing water supply ramp located above said settling tank, and an external chimney evacuating the fumes into the atmosphere. According to a possible variant, there may also be an ionized air post-combustion chamber upstream of the duct through which the washing is carried out. This post-combustion chamber includes a means of raising the temperature of the fumes so as to dissociate the molecules of furan and dioxin. This can be a simple burner, or in a more sophisticated configuration, an arc plasma torch allowing temperatures of the order of 5000 ° C to 6000 ° C. Ports on the top of the post-combustion chamber allow the injection of ionized plasmogenic gas.

It is also possible to use plasma arc torches to purify the sludge caused by falling dust in the settling tank. In this way, arc plasma torches, not directly integrated into the trailer, can be used for several trailers, or even other devices. It would then be a simple burner that would act as a temperature raising means. The problem of the toxicity of this sludge is then also resolved.

According to another possible improvement, there may be a chimney with an internal valve operating in one direction or the other so as to perform the purification functions in the sludge and in the fumes, alternatively.

This circuit which must be taken by the fumes in order to be washed is in any case totally different from what was described in the first patent of the applicant.

Indeed, at the outlet of the cylindrical body or the combustion chamber, the fumes are evacuated by a double duct allowing the smoke to descend in order to lick the water from the settling tank to leave the dust there, then to go up towards the chimney . The basic water supply ramp can also be connected to a pressurized water supply, causing the removal of the tank placed at the front of the trailer. The effect obtained is more effective than with a tank attached to the machine and of necessarily limited capacity. This can be a pressurized water mouth, or even a good capacity tank downstream of which is mounted a pump.

Another important modification compared to the previous version is the doors of the cylindrical tank. This is indeed biconvex, consisting of two sheets perforated with oblong orifices allowing the entry of air. The holes of one sheet are offset from the holes of the other sheet, so as to avoid untimely falling of peelings or waste. This was indeed a major drawback of the trailer in its original design, due to the possible rotation between the filling position and the emptying position. In addition, there is play between the doors, increasing the air supply.

In the case of the variant with post-combustion chamber, this is inserted between the smoke evacuation pipe previously described and the output from the cylindrical tank, and it includes a burner, a helical ramp with integrated horizontal half-thread, and secondary air or ionized gas inlets on the upper part, above the burner.

According to a mechanical improvement made to the initial configuration, the wheels are fixed to tubes sliding in beams which allow their distance or withdrawal relative to the combustion tank, during incineration. This positioning can be done using a pin connection which, inserted into holes made in said beams, offers several possibilities for placing the wheels relative to the main body.

This characteristic was provided to overcome the following drawback: when the wheels of the trailer were placed under the tank, the heat emitted by the latter caused very rapid aging of these wheels, and in particular of the tires. Operation was disrupted due to the requirement to make frequent changes.

This device makes it possible, when it is used in a fixed working position, to overcome the drawback constituted by the lack of stability due to the wheel / ground contact. Thus, sliding feet are placed at the four corners of the rigid structure which supports the cylindrical tank. These feet are in the high position during all the phases of movement of the machine, and are on the other hand lowered so as to raise the assembly on four stable supports during the operating phase. Their length depends on the type of work to be done, and can for example correspond to the height of the platform of a truck.

The basic cylindrical tank can pivot on vertical bearing supports whose upper end allows the pivoting of the axis of the cylindrical tank, by means of bearings. The new structure comes from a design favoring lightness and solidity, for example by using hollow tubes or resistant profiles. The old design, on the other hand, was based on iron beams whose weight was an obstacle, as much for the required maneuvers as for the durability of the whole device.

• - la figure 1 représente une vue en coupe longitudinale de l'ensemble,
• - la figure 2 montre la variante possible, également en coupe longitudinale.

The trailer of the invention is described in more detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, for which:

• FIG. 1 represents a view in longitudinal section of the assembly,
• - Figure 2 shows the possible variant, also in longitudinal section.

According to a possible configuration of the device, shown in Figures 1 or 2, the chassis-frame consists of a rectangle of horizontal beams (1) on which are mounted with tubular bearing supports. On the one hand, the tubes (2) support the bearings allowing the pivoting of the cylindrical tank (3), and on the other hand the feet (4) authorizing the fixed station. In addition, at the rear, sliding longitudinal members (5) are fixed to the wheels.

At the outlet of the combustion tank (3), the circuit taken by the flue gases to be purified borrows a bent pipe (6) with a short horizontal section and a longer vertical section, as shown in Figure 1.

Further downstream, two demister machines (8) and (9) are located opposite one another, slightly offset.

In the lower part, the settling tank (10) marks the area where the smoke path is reversed to go up towards the chimney. A drain opening (7) is placed under the tank (10). Before reaching the latter in the upper part of the assembly, the fumes are sprinkled by the ramp supplied with basic water (11).

This ramp (11) is connected to the tank (12) for washing water, comprising an upper filling plug (13) and a lower drain orifice (14). It is removable via a union fitting to facilitate cleaning.

In the case of FIG. 2, the supply is ensured by an external reservoir (27) followed by a pump (26). The water is under pressure, and lavished in a higher quantity, which improves the neutralization of chlorine, without hindering by reforming furan and dioxin since the atoms are ionized.

According to one possibility, the chimney (15) can be foldable over the top of the trailer, in particular during the movement phases. For this purpose, it is articulated in (16) and has a lifting mast (17) supporting the cable of the lifting winch (18) allowing the lifting of the folded chimney. The cable (19) which connects the body of the chimney (15) to the winch (18) through the mast (17), also serves as a shroud when said chimney is erected.

Two other shrouds are provided to ensure good stability to the chimney by a connection in space in 3 places offset by 2 ^II / ₃. However, according to another possibility, the chimney can be fixed, without being able to be folded down on the main body, as shown for example in FIG. 2, if the appliance is designed to work in a fixed position or if the buyer so desires .

Still according to this FIG. 2, another modification resides in the smoke evacuation circuit, which is increased by a horizontal part (20) coming into contact with the elbow at the front of the tank. This part comprises a burner or an arc plasma torch (21) placed at the rear end of this horizontal part just above the orifices (22) for communication with the tank, and above several secondary air inlets (23) which can be supplied with ionized plasmogenic gases. The smoke then passes through a helical ramp (24) creating a vortex, facilitating the coalescence of dust before arriving at the bent part where there is a blocking system (25).

Of course, a main device has been described and some possible variants, without concern for completeness. However, it remains obvious that any modification of form or design as well as the combinations of possibilities described remain within the scope of the present invention.

Claims (8)

1. Collector trailer incinerator of urban and agricultural waste comprising, mounted on a rigid frame, a cylindrical body (3) in which combustion takes place, doors allowing filling, emptying and serving moreover as a combustion grate, and a part intended for the ejection and purification of the fumes produced, which consists of a washing water tank (12), or a washing water inlet, a settling tank ( 10), a washing water supply ramp (11) located above said settling tank, characterized in that the fumes coming from the main tank (3) pass through an after-combustion duct provided with '' a means of raising the temperature of said fumes and openings allowing the injection of an ionized plasmogenic gas, then by a double conduit in which the fumes descend towards the settling tank (10) then rise towards the chimneys, watered with basic water preferably under pressure, coming from the supply ramp (11). 2. Collector incinerator trailer according to claim 1, characterized in that the means of raising the temperature placed in the post-combustion chamber is an arc plasma torch. 3. Collector incinerator trailer according to claim 1, characterized in that the means of raising the temperature in the post-combustion chamber is a simple burner (21). 4. Collector incinerator trailer according to claim 1, characterized in that the post-combustion chamber comprises a helical ramp (24) in half-threading, favoring the creation of a vortex, then a blocking system (25) to the entry of the double duct. 5. Collector incinerator trailer according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that there are several identical biconvex doors, placed with a residual clearance between them, each consisting of two sheets perforated with oblong orifices, said orifices one of the heads being offset with respect to those of the other sheet forming the biconvex door. 6. Mobile collector incinerator trailer according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the vertical piping downstream of the elbow (6) comprises two demister units (8) and (9). 7. mobile collector incinerator trailer according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that each wheel is connected to a sliding axial spar (5) in the main longitudinal spar (1) of the rigid frame on which the cylindrical tank (3 ), the connection to the immobilizer being carried out by pinning. 8. Mobile collector incinerator trailer according to any one of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises sliding feet (4) used in a fixed position and which can be raised in the mobile phase.

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