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EP0409305A2 - Dispositif de nettoyage des conduites de bière, avec dispositif de couplage pour celui-ci - Google Patents

Dispositif de nettoyage des conduites de bière, avec dispositif de couplage pour celui-ci Download PDF

Info

Publication number
EP0409305A2
EP0409305A2 EP90201747A EP90201747A EP0409305A2 EP 0409305 A2 EP0409305 A2 EP 0409305A2 EP 90201747 A EP90201747 A EP 90201747A EP 90201747 A EP90201747 A EP 90201747A EP 0409305 A2 EP0409305 A2 EP 0409305A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
line
tap
coupling member
cleansing
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90201747A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0409305A3 (en
EP0409305B1 (fr
Inventor
Nicolaas De Graaf
Hendrik Frans Johan Sluyter
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
TAPCLEAN BV
Original Assignee
TAPCLEAN BV
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Priority claimed from NL8901705A external-priority patent/NL8901705A/nl
Application filed by TAPCLEAN BV filed Critical TAPCLEAN BV
Priority to AT90201747T priority Critical patent/ATE94786T1/de
Publication of EP0409305A2 publication Critical patent/EP0409305A2/fr
Publication of EP0409305A3 publication Critical patent/EP0409305A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0409305B1 publication Critical patent/EP0409305B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
    • B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
    • B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
    • B08B9/032—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages by the mechanical action of a moving fluid, e.g. by flushing
    • B08B9/0321—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages by the mechanical action of a moving fluid, e.g. by flushing using pressurised, pulsating or purging fluid
    • B08B9/0325—Control mechanisms therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
    • B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
    • B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
    • B08B9/032—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages by the mechanical action of a moving fluid, e.g. by flushing
    • B08B9/0321—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages by the mechanical action of a moving fluid, e.g. by flushing using pressurised, pulsating or purging fluid
    • B08B9/0326—Using pulsations
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B08—CLEANING
    • B08B—CLEANING IN GENERAL; PREVENTION OF FOULING IN GENERAL
    • B08B9/00—Cleaning hollow articles by methods or apparatus specially adapted thereto
    • B08B9/02—Cleaning pipes or tubes or systems of pipes or tubes
    • B08B9/027—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages
    • B08B9/032—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages by the mechanical action of a moving fluid, e.g. by flushing
    • B08B9/0321—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages by the mechanical action of a moving fluid, e.g. by flushing using pressurised, pulsating or purging fluid
    • B08B9/0328—Cleaning the internal surfaces; Removal of blockages by the mechanical action of a moving fluid, e.g. by flushing using pressurised, pulsating or purging fluid by purging the pipe with a gas or a mixture of gas and liquid
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B67—OPENING, CLOSING OR CLEANING BOTTLES, JARS OR SIMILAR CONTAINERS; LIQUID HANDLING
    • B67D—DISPENSING, DELIVERING OR TRANSFERRING LIQUIDS, NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • B67D1/00—Apparatus or devices for dispensing beverages on draught
    • B67D1/07—Cleaning beverage-dispensing apparatus

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for cleansing beverage lines, especially beer lines, each intended to be connected at one end with a coupling member to be inserted into the bung hole of a barrel, the other end leading to a corresponding tap, the coupling member being provided with a connection for connecting it with a container of carbon dioxide, in order to place the interior of the barrel under pressure of carbon dioxide, and a dip tube to be inserted into the barrel, which tube is or is to be connected to the corresponding line, a three-way valve being incorporated in the line which is adapted to connect this line selectively with said dip tube or with a line for rinsing liquid.
  • the present invention aims to remedy these disadvantages and to that purpose provides a device as characterized in Claim 1.
  • the three-way valve is located very close to the coupling member and therefore very close to the beer barrel, it is possible, according to the invention, to cleanse beer lines thoroughly and hygienically along substantially their entire length, from the beer barrel to the tap itself; an additional advantage is that the air bubble which is usually present between the coupling member and the tap after the connection of a new barrel is reduced to negligible proportions, so that there is no longer any risk of infection.
  • the device according to the invention no longer requires the help of professionals to be called in, nor is it necessary to disconnect the lines or reconnect them with each other.
  • the invention provides an improvement of a device according to the precharacterizing portion of Claim 2 with the characteristic features there mentioned.
  • the invention further relates to a coupling member for a barrel, intended for the device according to one or more of Claims 1 - 9, as claimed in Claims 10 - 12.
  • a coupling member for a barrel, intended for the device according to one or more of Claims 1 - 9, as claimed in Claims 10 - 12.
  • the use of such a coupling member has the important advantage that the entire dip tube, including its forward end, can be cleansed, without disconnecting lines or coupling members and the like or connecting them to one another.
  • Such a coupling member is known per se from EP-A-0 269 152, but that coupling member has a number of disadvantages.
  • During cleansing with a rinsing liquid the pressure thereof acts directly against the valve of the barrel, which may cause cleansing liquid to enter the barrel and pollute the remainder of the beverage present therein. Beer especially is very sensitive to pollution, as it quickly acquires an unpleasant taste and/or loses its head.
  • the invention further relates to a tap intended for use with the device according to one or more of Claims 1 - 12 as described in Claims 13 and 14.
  • a tap intended for use with the device according to one or more of Claims 1 - 12 as described in Claims 13 and 14.
  • Such a tap avoids the necessity of manually connecting the cleansing agent return line to the tap, so that misconnections or leakage problems are avoided.
  • 1a-1d indicate taps with drains 23a-d at four drawing points. These taps are connected by lines passing through a cooling apparatus 2 to barrels 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d, respectively.
  • switch means 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d, respectively, in the form of three-way valves are shown which can be switched over to connect the beverage line 5a, 5b, 5c, respectively, and Sd to the barrel 3a, 3b, 3c and 3d, respectively, or a rinsing liquid line 6a, 6b, 6c, 6d, respectively, as the case may be.
  • the reference numeral 7 indicates a cylinder of carbon dioxide gas which is connected to the respective coupling members of the barrels to keep these barrels pressurized and to provide the beverage with carbon dioxide.
  • the rinsing liquid lines 6a, 6b, 6c and 6d which branch out from the three-way valves 4a, 4b, 4c and 4d are connected, via a distributor 8, to a valve assembly 9, 10, 11 and 12, the functioning of which will be explained with reference to the following Figs. Adjacent to the valve 12 there is a drain 24.
  • the reference numerals 13 and 14 indicate sponge-­ catchers and the reference numeral 26 indicates a pump.
  • the said valve assembly is connected to water mains 15 and a storage vessel (buffer vessel) 16 in which there are a float valve 17 and a jet pump 18.
  • the jet pump 18 is connected, at one end, to the three-way valve 12 and the inlet connection is connected, via a three-way valve, to a storage container 20 for cleansing agent.
  • actuation panels 21a, 21b, 21c, 21d by means of which a sequential controller 22 may be actuated, the sequential controller in turn actuating all the three-way valves in the system.
  • sensors may be provided in the sponge-catchers to detect the presence of a sponge, in which case these sensors are also connected with the sequential controller 22.
  • a first operation step for cleansing beverage lines viz. rinsing with water
  • the tap e.g. 1
  • the tap is connected via the cooling apparatus 2 to the three-way valve 4, which is switched so that the beverage line 5 is connected with the rinsing liquid line 6.
  • This rinsing liquid line 6 passes via the distributor 8, the three-way valves 9 and 11 of the valve system to the water mains 15. By opening the tap 1 at this point, the entire line is rinsed with water.
  • a user at the respective drawing point has indicated through the actuating panel 21 that it is desired to rinse the line 5.
  • the sequential controller 22 has set the relative valves and the distributor in the way indicated in Fig. 2 in response to the signal thus given.
  • FIG. 3 A thorough cleansing is shown in Fig. 3. This cleansing is only carried out after rinsing according to Fig. 2 has taken place.
  • the sequential controller 22 switches all the valves as shown in Fig. 3a, after the end of a connecting line 25 is connected to the end of the tap 1.
  • return line 25 a sensor which is also connected to the sequential controller 22.
  • the coupling member of the cleansing agent return line 25 is preferably provided with a non-return valve which is lifted during the application thereof to a tap.
  • water from the vessel 16 is circulated, in the course of which a cleansing agent is supplied into the storage vessel 16 from the cleansing agent storage container 20 through the intermediary of a three-way valve 19.
  • the storage vessel 16 is filled with water during the preceding operation and also during normal use.
  • water with the cleansing agent moves via the pump 26, the three-way valves 11 and 10 to the sponge catcher 14.
  • the sponge present in this sponge-catcher 14 is drawn by the current through the cleansing agent return line 25 to the sponge-catcher 13 via the tap 1, the beverage line 5, the three-way valve 4, the rinsing liquid line 6 and the distributor 8.
  • a sensor which may be present in the sponge-catcher 13 transmits a signal to the sequential controller 22 after having received the sponge.
  • the cleansing liquid with water moves via the sponge catcher 13 through the three-way valves 9 and 12 and back to the vessel 16.
  • the valve 19 is kept open by the sequential controller 22 until a sufficient quantity of rinsing liquid has been pumped into the vessel 16.
  • the sequential controller 22 switches the valves in the valve system as shown in Fig. 3b, to reverse the di­rection of the flow through the beverage line 5.
  • the sponge caught in the sponge-catcher 13 in Fig. 3a is returned to the sponge-­ catcher 14 while cleansing the lines it passes.
  • the sensor present in the sponge-catcher 14 transmits a signal to the sequential controller after the sponge has been caught.
  • the operations shown in Fig. 3a and 3b may be repeated several times, provided that the last operation is according to Fig. 3b.
  • the valves are set as shown in Fig. 3c by the sequential con­troller 22.
  • the pump 26 conveys water under high pressure from the vessel 16 through the line via the three-way valves 11 and 9, the sponge-catcher 13, the distributor 8, the cleansing line 6, the three-way valve 4 and the beverage line 5 through the tap 1, the cleansing agent return line 25, the sponge catcher 14, the three-way valves 10 and 12 to a drain 24.
  • the presence of the storage vessel 16 provides a buffer store of water for this opera­tion, since the speed at which the pump thrusts the water through the lines is too great to be drawn directly from the water mains.
  • valve 4 is switched over to reconnect the beverage line 5 to the barrel 3, or a new barrel is broached before the three-way valve 4 is switched over.
  • the use of the device according to the present invent­ion has the important advantage that the beverage line in question can be rinsed from a drawing point while the other drawing points remain in use.
  • cleansing may be carried out without disconnecting the barrel and the risk of detergent in the beverage to be drawn off after cleansing is reduced to a minimum.
  • the sequential controller is not strictly necessary provided that the parts actuated through this controller can be actuated in a corresponding manner. Neither are the sensors essential.
  • the entire invention can also be considerably simplified by not moving the cleansing liquid through the lines in two directions, but in one direction only, while pulsating the liquid flow.
  • This pulsating is preferably carried out with a turbulent flow of the liquid.
  • the valve assembly 9 and 10 can be left out and opera­tion without sponges is also possible, so that the sponge catchers 13, 14 can be left out.
  • a coupling member is shown with a dip tube 29, which is inside a guide sleeve 30 provided with a carbon dioxide supply 31.
  • This sleeve 30 is inserted into a fitting 32.
  • a collar 30′ is provided, which is inserted into the bung hole 33 of a barrel 3.
  • a slide 34 with a through aperture 35 and a trough-shaped recess 36 is provided.
  • the through aperture 35 allows the dip tube 29 to pass through when the barrel is broached.
  • the movement 29′ of the dip tube 29 can be carried out by hand or by, e.g., hydraulic means.
  • the trough-shaped recess 36 connects the dip tube with the rinsing liquid line 6 in the position of the slide shown in Fig. 4.
  • the slide 34 is connected with a drive rod 38 and lodged in a housing 37.
  • the slide 34 may be moved in a variety of ways, e.g. by connecting an electric motor or a hydraulic piston with the rod 38. It is necessary, however, that before the slide 34 is moved, the dip tube is withdrawn to a position above the slide 34. This may be ensured in a simple manner, e.g. by mechanical or electronic latching means such as sensors and the like which may be connected to e.g. the sequential controller.
  • the slide 34 is usually made of a ceramic material, it being advantageous to have the slide 34 slidable along ceramic sealing surfaces 41 and 42.
  • the reference numeral 40 indicates a springpacket which ensures a smooth movement of the slide 34.
  • the coupling member 28 shown in Fig. 4 is suitable for use both in the device according to the present invention in case of the use of reciprocating sponges and in case of the use of a unidirectional pulsating flow of cleansing liquid.
  • the advantage of the coupling member 28 is that the complete dip tube 29, including its forward end, can be cleansed, and that the three-way valve 4 is included in it, and so substantially no dead space is present therein.
  • the inclusion of the three-way valve has the advantage of reducing the overall dimensions accordingingly, and mounting the assembly onto a barrel is extremely easy since the connections with the various lines need not be disconnected and the dip tube 29 can be moved through the slide 34 which acts as the three-way valve.
  • Fig. 5(a) and 5(b) show top views of discs 43 and 44, which will usually be made of a ceramic material, of an embodiment of a three-position slide valve for a tap 1 to be used in the device according to the present invention.
  • Fig. 5(a) shows the fixed disc 43 with a beverage line inlet aperture 45, an air vent 46, and a cleansing agent return line aperture 47.
  • Fig. 5(b) shows the rotary disc 44 which lies under the disc 43 in the tap 1.
  • This latter disc comprises a beverage outlet 48 and a U-shaped recess 49. This recess can also be replaced by a U-shaped tube.
  • a beverage outlet 48 and a U-shaped recess 49.
  • This recess can also be replaced by a U-shaped tube.
  • the beverage line 5 is connected to the beverage outlet 48.
  • the beverage line inlet aperture 45 is closed off and the beverage outlet opening 48 is connected with the air vent 46, allowing beverage remnants in the tap 1 to run out.
  • the beverage line 5 can be connected with the cleansing agent return line 25 by rotating the disc 44 so that the arrows A and D will coincide.
  • an unlatching mechanism is actuated to enable the tap 1 to be rotated in this latter position in order to prevent the inadvertent influx of beverage into the cleansing agent return line.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Devices For Dispensing Beverages (AREA)
  • Cleaning In General (AREA)
  • Manufacturing Of Electric Cables (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Quick-Acting Or Multi-Walled Pipe Joints (AREA)
EP90201747A 1989-07-04 1990-06-29 Dispositif de nettoyage des conduites de bière, avec dispositif de couplage pour celui-ci Expired - Lifetime EP0409305B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT90201747T ATE94786T1 (de) 1989-07-04 1990-06-29 Reinigungsvorrichtung fuer eine bierleitung, mit zugehoeriger kupplungsvorrichtung.

Applications Claiming Priority (4)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
NL8901705 1989-07-04
NL8901705A NL8901705A (nl) 1989-07-04 1989-07-04 Inrichting voor het reinigen van een of meer bierleidingen.
NL9000486A NL9000486A (nl) 1989-07-04 1990-03-01 Inrichting voor het reinigen van een of meer bierleidingen.
NL9000486 1990-03-01

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0409305A2 true EP0409305A2 (fr) 1991-01-23
EP0409305A3 EP0409305A3 (en) 1991-06-19
EP0409305B1 EP0409305B1 (fr) 1993-09-22

Family

ID=26646551

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90201747A Expired - Lifetime EP0409305B1 (fr) 1989-07-04 1990-06-29 Dispositif de nettoyage des conduites de bière, avec dispositif de couplage pour celui-ci

Country Status (6)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0409305B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE94786T1 (fr)
DE (1) DE69003478T2 (fr)
DK (1) DK0409305T3 (fr)
ES (1) ES2046675T3 (fr)
NL (1) NL9000486A (fr)

Cited By (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995012543A1 (fr) * 1993-11-04 1995-05-11 Geoffrey Miles Furness Systeme de distribution de liquide par pression de gaz
WO1998056708A1 (fr) * 1997-06-13 1998-12-17 Abbott Laboratories Systeme a fluides et procede de fonctionnement correspondant
NL1011177C2 (nl) * 1999-01-29 2000-08-01 Sara Lee De Nv Keramische klep.
AT500575A1 (de) * 2004-07-27 2006-02-15 Ramsauer Keg Getränkeschankanlagen reinigungs u. sterilisiergerät
WO2007053665A2 (fr) * 2005-10-31 2007-05-10 Ecolab Inc. Gestion commandee de systeme de distribution de fluide par un controleur
US7311224B2 (en) 2004-11-09 2007-12-25 Ecolab Inc. Chemical dispense system for cleaning components of a fluid dispensing system
WO2016099258A1 (fr) * 2014-12-15 2016-06-23 Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. Unité de soupape en céramique pour machine de boisson
JP2017529997A (ja) * 2014-08-18 2017-10-12 パク ジョン ハ 気体混合液体を用いた洗浄装置
US10611620B2 (en) 2014-12-15 2020-04-07 Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. Dosing pump device for dosing metered amounts of a liquid product
US10674861B2 (en) 2014-12-15 2020-06-09 Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. System for preparing beverage consumptions

Families Citing this family (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE102012204070A1 (de) * 2012-03-15 2013-09-19 Krones Ag Pumpe mit Gleitringdichtung in Kombination mit einer Vorrichtung zum Spülen einer Gleitringdichtung einer Pumpe mit Spülwasser und entsprechendes Verfahren

Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3799182A (en) * 1972-04-28 1974-03-26 Inst Gas Technology Add-on stopper valve for existing piping
GB2140121A (en) * 1983-05-16 1984-11-21 Kevin John Singleton Cleaning beer-lines
GB2142700A (en) * 1983-06-17 1985-01-23 Ivano Miglioranzo Apparatus for drilling apertures in conduits
EP0221231A1 (fr) * 1985-11-06 1987-05-13 Armaturenfabrik Hermann Voss GmbH + Co. Soupape de commande avec des éléments de valve céramiques
EP0269152A2 (fr) * 1986-10-30 1988-06-01 O.D.L. S.r.L. Dispositif de nettoyage d'installations de soutirage et moyens de changement automatique de fût

Patent Citations (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3799182A (en) * 1972-04-28 1974-03-26 Inst Gas Technology Add-on stopper valve for existing piping
GB2140121A (en) * 1983-05-16 1984-11-21 Kevin John Singleton Cleaning beer-lines
GB2142700A (en) * 1983-06-17 1985-01-23 Ivano Miglioranzo Apparatus for drilling apertures in conduits
EP0221231A1 (fr) * 1985-11-06 1987-05-13 Armaturenfabrik Hermann Voss GmbH + Co. Soupape de commande avec des éléments de valve céramiques
EP0269152A2 (fr) * 1986-10-30 1988-06-01 O.D.L. S.r.L. Dispositif de nettoyage d'installations de soutirage et moyens de changement automatique de fût

Cited By (19)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1995012543A1 (fr) * 1993-11-04 1995-05-11 Geoffrey Miles Furness Systeme de distribution de liquide par pression de gaz
WO1998056708A1 (fr) * 1997-06-13 1998-12-17 Abbott Laboratories Systeme a fluides et procede de fonctionnement correspondant
US5938120A (en) * 1997-06-13 1999-08-17 Abbott Laboratories Fluid system and method
NL1011177C2 (nl) * 1999-01-29 2000-08-01 Sara Lee De Nv Keramische klep.
WO2000045073A1 (fr) * 1999-01-29 2000-08-03 Sara Lee/De N.V. Valve en ceramique
US6682047B1 (en) 1999-01-29 2004-01-27 Sara Lee/De N.V. Ceramic valve
AT500575A1 (de) * 2004-07-27 2006-02-15 Ramsauer Keg Getränkeschankanlagen reinigungs u. sterilisiergerät
AT500575B1 (de) * 2004-07-27 2006-08-15 Ramsauer Keg Getränkeschankanlagen reinigungs u. sterilisiergerät mit adapter für korb u. flachfittinge unter aseptischen bedingungen um eine reinfektion der getränke in den getränkebehältern weitgehend zu verhindern
US7311224B2 (en) 2004-11-09 2007-12-25 Ecolab Inc. Chemical dispense system for cleaning components of a fluid dispensing system
WO2007053665A2 (fr) * 2005-10-31 2007-05-10 Ecolab Inc. Gestion commandee de systeme de distribution de fluide par un controleur
WO2007053665A3 (fr) * 2005-10-31 2008-07-10 Ecolab Inc Gestion commandee de systeme de distribution de fluide par un controleur
JP2017529997A (ja) * 2014-08-18 2017-10-12 パク ジョン ハ 気体混合液体を用いた洗浄装置
US10391528B2 (en) 2014-08-18 2019-08-27 Jong-Ha Park Cleaning apparatus using liquid mixed with gas
WO2016099258A1 (fr) * 2014-12-15 2016-06-23 Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. Unité de soupape en céramique pour machine de boisson
NL2013985B1 (en) * 2014-12-15 2016-10-11 Douwe Egberts Bv Ceramic valve unit for a beverage machine.
US10591067B2 (en) 2014-12-15 2020-03-17 Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. Ceramic valve unit for a beverage machine
US10611620B2 (en) 2014-12-15 2020-04-07 Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. Dosing pump device for dosing metered amounts of a liquid product
US10674861B2 (en) 2014-12-15 2020-06-09 Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. System for preparing beverage consumptions
US10893773B2 (en) 2014-12-15 2021-01-19 Koninklijke Douwe Egberts B.V. Unit, device and system for preparing beverage consumptions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
DK0409305T3 (da) 1993-12-06
ES2046675T3 (es) 1994-02-01
EP0409305A3 (en) 1991-06-19
NL9000486A (nl) 1991-02-01
DE69003478D1 (de) 1993-10-28
ATE94786T1 (de) 1993-10-15
EP0409305B1 (fr) 1993-09-22
DE69003478T2 (de) 1994-02-17

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