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EP0396530A1 - Scavenging system for a two-stroke internal combustion engine - Google Patents

Scavenging system for a two-stroke internal combustion engine Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0396530A1
EP0396530A1 EP90890132A EP90890132A EP0396530A1 EP 0396530 A1 EP0396530 A1 EP 0396530A1 EP 90890132 A EP90890132 A EP 90890132A EP 90890132 A EP90890132 A EP 90890132A EP 0396530 A1 EP0396530 A1 EP 0396530A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
flushing
membrane
internal combustion
combustion engine
valve
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP90890132A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0396530B1 (en
Inventor
Diethard Dipl.-Ing. Plohberger
Christof D. Dipl.-Ing. Fischer
Volker Dipl.-Ing. Pichl
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
AVL List GmbH
Original Assignee
AVL List GmbH
AVL Gesellschaft fuer Verbrennungskraftmaschinen und Messtechnik mbH
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Publication of EP0396530A1 publication Critical patent/EP0396530A1/en
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Publication of EP0396530B1 publication Critical patent/EP0396530B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B75/00—Other engines
    • F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
    • F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
    • F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
    • F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
    • F02B29/00—Engines characterised by provision for charging or scavenging not provided for in groups F02B25/00, F02B27/00 or F02B33/00 - F02B39/00; Details thereof

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a flushing system for a two-stroke internal combustion engine with flushing channels opening into the cylinder and an outlet channel, with flushing slots and outlet slot controlled by the piston of the internal combustion engine, the flushing channels being preceded by a valve arranged in a channel section.
  • the object of the invention is to improve known purging systems for two-stroke internal combustion engines in such a way that, with reasonable constructional effort, a misfire-free engine operation is ensured even in the partial load range of the internal combustion engine, the catalytic aftertreatment of the exhaust gases not being made more difficult.
  • valve is an electromagnetically unlockable, pressure-controlled diaphragm valve, with which the flushing flow to the individual flushing slots can be interrupted within the opening duration of the flushing slots, whereby the flushing time can be controlled depending on the load and speed state of the internal combustion engine.
  • the scavenging control system enables the scavenging time to be controlled in a simple manner in two-stroke engines and is suitable for engines with reverse as well as with direct current scavenging.
  • the purpose of this system is to achieve a control of the mixture quantity or fresh air quantity let into the working cylinder per cycle which is favorable for the engine operation.
  • Both the crankcase pump formed by the engine piston and an external blower can serve as the purge air source.
  • the decisive advantage of this flushing control system compared to the conventional throttle control is the timing of the flushing process.
  • By delaying the start of the purging process at partial load compared to the start of full-load purging by means of the electromagnetically unlockable membrane valve it is possible to keep the quantity of mixture admitted in the form of a concentrated cloud in the combustion chamber and thus largely prevent mixing with the residual gas in the cylinder.
  • With a suitable combustion chamber shape and arrangement of the flushing channels it can also be achieved that this mixture cloud is located on the spark plug at the time of ignition. In this way, engine operation without misfires can be ensured even with the high residual gas content occurring at part load, and recooling of the exhaust gas is also prevented.
  • the electromagnetically unlockable membrane valve is arranged in a common feed channel to the individual flushing channels, or if, in a two-stroke internal combustion engine with crankcase purge, the electromagnetically unlockable membrane valve is arranged in a common overflow channel leading from the crankcase to the cylinder.
  • a particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the diaphragm valve has at least one, preferably two symmetrically designed diaphragm tongues which are mounted on one side and which, in the closed state of the diaphragm valve, can be determined at their free, ferromagnetic ends by electromagnets supported on the channel section.
  • the diaphragm tongue or several diaphragm tongues are either ferromagnetic in their entirety or at least at their free ends and are held in their closed position by electromagnets and thus block the flushing flow through the flushing slots, despite the pressure difference applied to the diaphragm valve when the flushing slots are open.
  • the solenoids are switched off to open the diaphragm valve.
  • the diaphragm openings open due to the applied pressure difference and thus release the flushing flow to the cylinder. Due to the flow resistance, the membrane openings remain open until the flushing slots are closed by the piston. After the rinsing process has ended, the flow resistance acting as the opening force ceases and the membrane perforations begin to close due to their inherent elasticity or due to spring elements acting on the membrane perforations. When the current for the electromagnets is switched on again, the diaphragm seals are held in place again in the next cycle.
  • the entire purge control system can either remain without current, the position of the membrane openings being determined solely by the flow resistance, or, according to a development of the invention, at full load of the two-stroke internal combustion engine, the at least one membrane tongue in the open state of the membrane valve Electromagnets arranged on the wall of the channel section can be ascertained. This advantageously reduces the overall flow resistance of the diaphragm valve arrangement.
  • the diaphragm valve has two symmetrically formed, preferably frame-shaped diaphragm supports, each rotatably mounted in the channel section, at the free ends of which electromagnets are arranged, with which diaphragm seals attached to the diaphragm supports can be locked in the closed position of the diaphragm valve, whereby Extensions of the channel section are provided which accommodate the two diaphragm supports together with the diaphragm tongues when the two-stroke internal combustion engine is at full load, and that the two diaphragm supports can be moved by means of an actuating linkage and can be fixed in their open position at full load.
  • the diaphragm tongues can be held in place by energizing the magnets, the power supply being switched off at part load in order to open the diaphragm valve.
  • the membrane carriers are folded away or their open position is fixed via an actuating linkage, as a result of which the flow resistance is minimized.
  • the membrane tongues or membrane carriers are arranged essentially roof-shaped in a channel section with a rectangular cross-section, the free ends of the membrane tongues or membrane carriers pointing in the flow direction of the flushing stream.
  • the flushing system of a two-stroke internal combustion engine shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has three flushing ducts 2 opening into the cylinder 1, which, starting from a common duct section 3 via duct parts 4 and 5, are supplied with fresh charge or fresh air with internal mixture formation.
  • Two of the flushing channels 2 are arranged on both sides of the outlet channel 6, one of the flushing channels is arranged opposite the outlet channel 6.
  • the flushing slots 7 and the outlet slot 8 are controlled by the piston 9 of the internal combustion engine.
  • Both a crankcase pump formed by the engine piston (not shown here) and an external blower for the fresh air opening into the pipe socket 10 can serve as the flushing current source.
  • the rigid control element of the flushing slots 7 is preceded by an electromagnetically unlockable membrane valve 11 which is arranged in the channel section 3 and which can either block or release the flushing flow within the opening period determined by the flushing slots 7.
  • This intervention in the flushing control time is now expediently carried out in such a way that, with falling load, the electromagnetically unlockable membrane valve 11 opens increasingly later than the flushing slots 7 and, after the start of the flushing thus determined, remains open until after the flushing slots 7 have been closed.
  • the rinsing end is thus given by the timing of the rinsing slots 7.
  • the entire crank angle range is available in which the flushing slots 7 are covered by the piston 9, which allows a relatively slow closing and thus enables the use of inexpensive actuators.
  • the electromagnetic diaphragm valve 11 can have two diaphragm tongues 12 which are fastened on one side in the channel section 3 and which are held by electromagnets 15 at their free, ferromagnetic ends 14 in the closed state.
  • the electromagnets 15, the electrical connections of which are denoted by 16, are fastened on a carrier 17 arranged in the channel section 3.
  • the diaphragm tongues 12 can also be entirely ferromagnetic and, after the flushing process has ended, they close either by their own elasticity or by spring elements, not shown here, acting on the diaphragm tongues 12.
  • the diaphragm tongues 12 can open on the wall of the channel section 13 tes 3 attached electromagnets 18 are held, which are supplied with electricity via electrical connections 19.
  • the diaphragm tongues are held in their largest opening position, as a result of which the overall flow resistance of the diaphragm valve 11 is reduced.
  • the electromagnetically unlockable diaphragm valve 11 has two essentially symmetrically designed diaphragm supports 20, one end 21 of which is rotatably mounted in the channel section 3 and the free ends 22 of which lie tightly against one another in the closed state of the diaphragm valve shown.
  • membrane supports 20, which are frame-shaped here membrane tongues 12 are attached to the ends 21, the free ends 14 of which cooperate with electromagnets 23 fixed to the free ends 22 of the membrane supports 20.
  • the diaphragm tongues 12 are released by the electromagnets 23, as in the embodiment according to FIG. 3, while the diaphragm supports 20 are fixed by means of an actuating linkage 24 to 27.
  • the valve body consisting of the two diaphragm supports 20 and the diaphragm tongues 12 is divided symmetrically and completely folded into lateral extensions 28 of the channel section 3 via the actuating linkage 24 to 27 and fixed there. When opened, the entire channel cross-section is available for the flushing flow.
  • the roof-shaped arrangement of the membrane tongues 12 or membrane carrier 20 supports their opening by the flushing flow along arrow 29.
  • the purge system of a two-stroke internal combustion engine is shown in a crank angle diagram.
  • the maximum exhaust opening time A and the maximum flushing channel opening time S are determined by the height of the exhaust or flushing slots in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine. These are swept by the piston and released for a certain crank angle range A or S symmetrically to the bottom dead center UT.
  • the start of the purging is now delayed by the time V depending on the load or speed values, as a result of which the purging flow is interrupted in the crank angle region V and the delayed purging can only take place in the SV region.
  • the point of opening of the diaphragm valve is shifted in direction a for higher loads and in direction b for lower loads.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Valve Device For Special Equipments (AREA)
  • Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
  • Electrical Control Of Air Or Fuel Supplied To Internal-Combustion Engine (AREA)

Abstract

In order to improve the load-related and speed-related control of the scavenging system for a two-stroke internal combustion engine with scavenging ducts (2) opening out into the cylinder (1) and an outlet duct (6), with scavenging slits (7) and outlet slit (8) controlled by the piston (9) of the internal combustion engine, it is proposed that a solenoid-releasable diaphragm valve (11) arranged in one duct section (3) be connected upstream of the scavenging ducts (2) by means of which valve the scavenging flow to the individual scavenging slits (7) can be interrupted within the time it takes the scavenging slits (7) to open, making the scavenging time controllable as a function of the load and speed of rotation of the internal combustion engine. …<IMAGE>…

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Spülsystem für eine Zwei­takt-Brennkraftmaschine mit in den Zylinder mündenden Spülka­nälen und einem Auslaßkanal, mit vom Kolben der Brennkraft­maschine gesteuerten Spülschlitzen und Auslaßschlitz, wobei den Spülkanälen ein in einem Kanalabschnitt angeordnetes Ven­til vorgeschaltet ist.The invention relates to a flushing system for a two-stroke internal combustion engine with flushing channels opening into the cylinder and an outlet channel, with flushing slots and outlet slot controlled by the piston of the internal combustion engine, the flushing channels being preceded by a valve arranged in a channel section.

Bei herkömmlichen Spülsystemen von Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschi­nen ergeben sich gewisse Nachteile im Teillastbetrieb, da es zur Vermischung der in den Arbeitszylinder einströmenden Ge­mischmenge (bzw. Frischluftmenge bei innerer Gemischbildung) mit dem im Zylinder befindlichen Restgas kommt und sich die Gemischwolke zum Zündzeitpunkt nicht in optimaler Nähe der Zündkerze befindet. In der Folge kommt es zu unangenehmen Aus­setzern im Motorbetrieb.With conventional flushing systems of two-stroke internal combustion engines, there are certain disadvantages in part-load operation, since the mixture quantity flowing into the working cylinder (or quantity of fresh air with internal mixture formation) is mixed with the residual gas in the cylinder and the mixture cloud is not in the optimal proximity of the ignition point Spark plug is located. As a result, there are unpleasant misfires in engine operation.

Bei Zweitakt-Motoren mit innerer Gemischbildung wurden zur Er­zielung eines aussetzerfreien Betriebes beispielsweise höhere Spülluftmengen bei Teillast verwendet. Nachteilig ist die da­bei auftretende Rückkühlung des Abgases, wodurch die katalyti­sche Abgasnachbehandlung verschlechtert wird.In the case of two-stroke engines with internal mixture formation, for example, higher purge air volumes at partial load were used to achieve intermittent operation. A disadvantage is the recooling of the exhaust gas, which worsens the catalytic exhaust gas aftertreatment.

An sich wäre es auch möglich, die Spülzeit mittels Variation der vom Kolben überstrichenen Schlitzhöhe der Spülschlitze zu steuern. Entsprechende variable Schlitzhöhen sind im Zusammen­hang mit gesteuerten Auslaßschlitzen, beispielsweise aus der EP-A 0 287 938 oder der AT-PS 380 538 bekanntgeworden. Letz­tere zeigt eine im Auslaßkanal einer Zweitakt-Brennkraft­maschine einseitig gelagerte Klappe, welche mechanisch betä­tigbar ist und die Höhe des Auslaßschlitzes auf diese Art ver­ringert.As such, it would also be possible to control the flushing time by varying the slot height of the flushing slots swept by the piston. Corresponding variable slot heights have become known in connection with controlled outlet slots, for example from EP-A 0 287 938 or AT-PS 380 538. The latter shows a flap mounted on one side in the outlet duct of a two-stroke internal combustion engine, which can be operated mechanically and in this way reduces the height of the outlet slot.

Eine derartige Steuerung müßte jedoch bei allen Spülschlitzen gleichzeitig durchgeführt werden, womit ein nicht zu vertre­tender baulicher Aufwand verbunden wäre. Zusätzlich treten im Bereich der mit dem Kolben zusammenwirkenden Klappenseite Un­ dichtheiten auf, womit diese Art der Steuerung für Spülsteue­rungssysteme kaum anwendbar ist.Such a control would, however, have to be carried out at the same time for all flushing slots, which would involve an unjustifiable structural effort. In addition, in the region of the flap side Un interacting with the piston tightness, making this type of control hardly applicable for flushing control systems.

Aufgabe der Erfindung ist es, bekannte Spülsysteme für Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschinen derart zu verbessern, daß mit einem vertretbaren baulichen Aufwand auch im Teillastbereich der Brennkraftmaschine ein aussetzerfreier Motorbetrieb ge­währleistet ist, wobei die katalytische Nachbehandlung der Ab­gase nicht erschwert werden soll.The object of the invention is to improve known purging systems for two-stroke internal combustion engines in such a way that, with reasonable constructional effort, a misfire-free engine operation is ensured even in the partial load range of the internal combustion engine, the catalytic aftertreatment of the exhaust gases not being made more difficult.

Diese Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß das Ventil ein elektromagnetisch entriegelbares, druckgesteuertes Membranventil ist, mit welchem innerhalb der Öffnungsdauer der Spülschlitze der Spülstrom zu den einzelnen Spülschlitzen un­terbrechbar ist, wodurch die Spülzeit abhängig vom Last- und Drehzahlzustand der Brennkraftmaschine steuerbar ist. Das er­findungsgemäße Spülsteuerungssystem ermöglicht bei Zwei­takt-Motoren auf einfache Weise eine Steuerung der Spülzeit und ist sowohl für Motoren mit Umkehr- als auch mit Gleich­stromspülung geeignet. Zweck dieses Systems ist es, eine für den Motorbetrieb günstige Steuerung der pro Zyklus in den Arbeitszylinder eingelassenen Gemischmenge bzw. Frischluft­menge zu erzielen. Als Spülluftquelle kann dabei sowohl die durch den Motorkolben gebildete Kurbelkastenpumpe, als auch ein externes Gebläse dienen. Der gegenüber der herkömmlichen Drosselregelung entscheidende Vorteil dieses Spülsteuerungssy­stems besteht in der zeitlichen Steuerung des Spülvorganges. Durch bei Teillast gegenüber dem Vollastspülbeginn mittels des elektromagnetisch entriegelbaren Membranventiles verzögerten Beginn des Spülvorganges ist es möglich, die eingelassene Ge­mischmenge in Form einer konzentrierten Wolke im Brennraum zu halten und so weitgehend die Vermischung mit dem im Zylinder befindlichen Restgas zu verhindern. Durch geeignete Brennraum­form und Anordnung der Spülkanäle kann weiters erreicht wer­den, daß sich diese Gemischwolke zum Zündzeitpunkt an der Zündkerze befindet. Auf diese Weise kann auch bei dem bei Teillast auftretenden hohen Restgasgehalt ein aussetzerfreier Motorbetrieb gewährleistet werden, wobei auch eine Rückkühlung des Abgases verhindert wird.This object is achieved in that the valve is an electromagnetically unlockable, pressure-controlled diaphragm valve, with which the flushing flow to the individual flushing slots can be interrupted within the opening duration of the flushing slots, whereby the flushing time can be controlled depending on the load and speed state of the internal combustion engine. The scavenging control system according to the invention enables the scavenging time to be controlled in a simple manner in two-stroke engines and is suitable for engines with reverse as well as with direct current scavenging. The purpose of this system is to achieve a control of the mixture quantity or fresh air quantity let into the working cylinder per cycle which is favorable for the engine operation. Both the crankcase pump formed by the engine piston and an external blower can serve as the purge air source. The decisive advantage of this flushing control system compared to the conventional throttle control is the timing of the flushing process. By delaying the start of the purging process at partial load compared to the start of full-load purging by means of the electromagnetically unlockable membrane valve, it is possible to keep the quantity of mixture admitted in the form of a concentrated cloud in the combustion chamber and thus largely prevent mixing with the residual gas in the cylinder. With a suitable combustion chamber shape and arrangement of the flushing channels, it can also be achieved that this mixture cloud is located on the spark plug at the time of ignition. In this way, engine operation without misfires can be ensured even with the high residual gas content occurring at part load, and recooling of the exhaust gas is also prevented.

Obwohl es durchaus möglich ist, jedem der Spülkanäle ein ma­gnetisch betätigbares Ventil vorzuschalten, ist es von Vor­ teil, wenn erfindungsgemäß das elektromagnetisch entriegelbare Membranventil in einem gemeinsamen Zuführkanal zu den einzel­nen Spülkanälen angeordnet ist, bzw. wenn bei einer Zwei­takt-Brennkraftmaschine mit Kurbelkastenspülung das elek­tromagnetisch entriegelbare Membranventil in einem vom Kurbel­kasten zum Zylinder führenden gemeinsamen Überströmkanal ange­ordnet ist.Although it is entirely possible to connect a magnetically actuated valve upstream of each of the flushing channels, it is a thing of the past partly if, according to the invention, the electromagnetically unlockable membrane valve is arranged in a common feed channel to the individual flushing channels, or if, in a two-stroke internal combustion engine with crankcase purge, the electromagnetically unlockable membrane valve is arranged in a common overflow channel leading from the crankcase to the cylinder.

Eine besonders vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung der Erfindung ist dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Membranventil zumindest eine, vorzugsweise zwei symmetrisch ausgeführte, einseitig gelagerte Membranzungen aufweist, die im geschlossenen Zustand des Mem­branventiles an ihren freien, ferromagnetischen Enden von am Kanalabschnitt abgestützten Elektromagneten feststellbar sind. Die Membranzunge bzw. mehrere Membranzungen sind entweder zur Gänze oder zumindest an ihren freien Enden ferromagnetisch und werden im Schließzustand durch Elektromagnete auf ihrem Sitz gehalten und sperren so - trotz der bei geöffneten Spülschlit­zen am Membranventil anliegenden Druckdifferenz - den Spül­strom durch die Spülschlitze. Zum Öffnen des Membranventiles werden die Elektromagnete abgeschaltet. Die Membranzungen öff­nen aufgrund der anliegenden Druckdifferenz und geben so den Spülstrom zum Zylinder frei. Durch den Strömungswiderstand bleiben die Membranzungen bis zum Schließen der Spülschlitze durch den Kolben geöffnet. Nach Beendigung des Spülvorganges fällt der als Öffnungskraft wirkende Strömungswiderstand fort und die Membranzungen beginnen durch ihre Eigenelastizität, bzw. durch an den Membranzungen angreifende Federelemente zu schließen. Durch erneutes Anschalten des Stromes für die Elek­tromagneten werden die Membranzungen im nächsten Zyklus wieder auf ihrem Sitz festgehalten.A particularly advantageous embodiment of the invention is characterized in that the diaphragm valve has at least one, preferably two symmetrically designed diaphragm tongues which are mounted on one side and which, in the closed state of the diaphragm valve, can be determined at their free, ferromagnetic ends by electromagnets supported on the channel section. The diaphragm tongue or several diaphragm tongues are either ferromagnetic in their entirety or at least at their free ends and are held in their closed position by electromagnets and thus block the flushing flow through the flushing slots, despite the pressure difference applied to the diaphragm valve when the flushing slots are open. The solenoids are switched off to open the diaphragm valve. The diaphragm openings open due to the applied pressure difference and thus release the flushing flow to the cylinder. Due to the flow resistance, the membrane openings remain open until the flushing slots are closed by the piston. After the rinsing process has ended, the flow resistance acting as the opening force ceases and the membrane perforations begin to close due to their inherent elasticity or due to spring elements acting on the membrane perforations. When the current for the electromagnets is switched on again, the diaphragm seals are held in place again in the next cycle.

Bei Vollast der Brennkraftmaschine kann das gesamte Spülsteue­rungssystem entweder stromlos bleiben, wobei die Stellung der Membranzungen damit allein durch den Strömungswiderstand be­stimmt wird, oder es kann gemäß einer Weiterbildung der Erfin­dung bei Vollast der Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine, die zumin­dest eine Membranzunge in geöffneten Zustand des Membranven­tils von an der Wand des Kanalabschnittes angeordneten Elektromagneten feststellbar sein. Vorteilhafterweise wird da­durch der Gesamtströmungswiderstand der Membranventilanordnung gesenkt.At full load of the internal combustion engine, the entire purge control system can either remain without current, the position of the membrane openings being determined solely by the flow resistance, or, according to a development of the invention, at full load of the two-stroke internal combustion engine, the at least one membrane tongue in the open state of the membrane valve Electromagnets arranged on the wall of the channel section can be ascertained. This advantageously reduces the overall flow resistance of the diaphragm valve arrangement.

Eine andere Ausführungsvariante der Erfindung sieht vor, daß das Membranventil zwei symmetrisch ausgebildete im Kanalab­schnitt jeweils drehbar gelagerte, vorzugsweise rahmenförmige Membranträger aufweist, an deren freien Enden jeweils Elektro­magnete angeordnet sind, mit welchen an den Membranträgern einseitig befestigte Membranzungen in Schließstellung des Mem­branventiles feststellbar sind, wobei Erweiterungen des Kanal­abschnittes vorgesehen sind, welche bei Vollast der Zwei­takt-Brennkraftmaschine die beiden Membranträger samt Membran­zungen aufnehmen, sowie daß die beiden Membranträger mittels eines Betätigungsgestänges bewegbar und in deren Offenstellung bei Vollast fixierbar sind. Im geschlossenen Zustand des Mem­branventiles können dabei die Membranzungen durch Erregung der Magneten festgehalten werden, wobei zum Öffnen des Membran­ventiles bei Teillast die Stromzufuhr abgeschaltet wird. Über ein Betätigungsgestänge werden bei Vollast die Membranträger weggeklappt bzw. deren Offenstellung fixiert, wodurch der Strömungswiderstand minimiert wird.Another embodiment of the invention provides that the diaphragm valve has two symmetrically formed, preferably frame-shaped diaphragm supports, each rotatably mounted in the channel section, at the free ends of which electromagnets are arranged, with which diaphragm seals attached to the diaphragm supports can be locked in the closed position of the diaphragm valve, whereby Extensions of the channel section are provided which accommodate the two diaphragm supports together with the diaphragm tongues when the two-stroke internal combustion engine is at full load, and that the two diaphragm supports can be moved by means of an actuating linkage and can be fixed in their open position at full load. When the diaphragm valve is closed, the diaphragm tongues can be held in place by energizing the magnets, the power supply being switched off at part load in order to open the diaphragm valve. At full load, the membrane carriers are folded away or their open position is fixed via an actuating linkage, as a result of which the flow resistance is minimized.

Schließlich ist erfindungsgemäß vorgesehen, daß die Membran­zungen oder Membranträger in einem Kanalabschnitt mit rechtek­kigem Querschnitt im wesentlichen dachförmig angeordnet sind, wobei die freien Enden der Membranzungen oder Membranträger in die Strömungsrichtung des Spülstromes zeigen.Finally, it is provided according to the invention that the membrane tongues or membrane carriers are arranged essentially roof-shaped in a channel section with a rectangular cross-section, the free ends of the membrane tongues or membrane carriers pointing in the flow direction of the flushing stream.

Die Erfindung wird im folgenden anhand von Zeichnungen näher erläutert. Es zeigen in zum Teil schematischer Darstellung:

  • Fig. 1 und 2 ein erfindungsgemäßes Spülsystem einer Zwei­takt-Brennkraftmaschine im Aufriß und im Grundriß,
  • Fig. 3 ein elektromagnetisch entriegelbares Membranventil des Spülsystems,
  • Fig. 4 eine Ausführungsvariante nach Fig. 3 und
  • Fig. 5 ein Steuerdiagramm der Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine.
The invention is explained in more detail below with reference to drawings. They show in a partly schematic representation:
  • 1 and 2 an inventive flushing system of a two-stroke internal combustion engine in elevation and in plan,
  • 3 an electromagnetically unlockable membrane valve of the flushing system,
  • Fig. 4 shows an embodiment variant according to Fig. 3 and
  • Fig. 5 is a control diagram of the two-stroke internal combustion engine.

Das in Fig. 1 und 2 dargestellte Spülsystem einer Zwei­takt-Brennkraftmaschine weist drei in den Zylinder 1 mündende Spülkanäle 2 auf, welche ausgehend von einem gemeinsamen Kanalabschnitt 3 über Kanalteile 4 und 5 mit Frischladung, bzw. Frischluft bei innerer Gemischbildung, versorgt werden.The flushing system of a two-stroke internal combustion engine shown in FIGS. 1 and 2 has three flushing ducts 2 opening into the cylinder 1, which, starting from a common duct section 3 via duct parts 4 and 5, are supplied with fresh charge or fresh air with internal mixture formation.

Zwei der Spülkanäle 2 sind zu beiden Seiten des Auslaßkana­les 6 angeordnet, einer der Spülkanäle ist dem Auslaßkanal 6 gegenüberliegend angeordnet. Die Spülschlitze 7 bzw. der Aus­laßschlitz 8 werden vom Kolben 9 der Brennkraftmaschine ge­steuert. Als Spülstromquelle kann sowohl eine durch den Motor­kolben gebildete, hier nicht weiter dargestellte Kurbelkasten­pumpe, als auch ein in den Rohrstutzen 10 mündendes externes Gebläse für die Frischluft dienen.Two of the flushing channels 2 are arranged on both sides of the outlet channel 6, one of the flushing channels is arranged opposite the outlet channel 6. The flushing slots 7 and the outlet slot 8 are controlled by the piston 9 of the internal combustion engine. Both a crankcase pump formed by the engine piston (not shown here) and an external blower for the fresh air opening into the pipe socket 10 can serve as the flushing current source.

Dem starren Steuerorgan der Spülschlitze 7 wird ein im Kanal­abschnitt 3 angeordnetes, elektromagnetisch entriegelbares Membranventil 11 vorgeschaltet, das innerhalb der von den Spülschlitzen 7 bestimmten Öffnungsdauer den Spülstrom entwe­der sperren oder freigeben kann. Dieser Eingriff in die Spülsteuerzeit wird nun zweckmäßig so vorgenommen, daß mit sinkender Last das elektromagnetisch entriegelbare Membranven­til 11 zunehmend später öffnet als die Spülschlitze 7 und nach dem so bestimmten Spülbeginn bis nach dem Schließen der Spül­schlitze 7 geöffnet bleibt. Das Spülende ist somit durch die Steuerzeit der Spülschlitze 7 gegeben. Für das abermalige Schließen des Membranventiles 11 steht jedoch der gesamte Kur­belwinkelbereich zur Verfügung in dem die Spülschlitze 7 vom Kolben 9 verdeckt sind, was ein verhältnismäßig langsames Schließen zuläßt und damit die Verwendung kostengünstiger Be­tätigungsorgane ermöglicht.The rigid control element of the flushing slots 7 is preceded by an electromagnetically unlockable membrane valve 11 which is arranged in the channel section 3 and which can either block or release the flushing flow within the opening period determined by the flushing slots 7. This intervention in the flushing control time is now expediently carried out in such a way that, with falling load, the electromagnetically unlockable membrane valve 11 opens increasingly later than the flushing slots 7 and, after the start of the flushing thus determined, remains open until after the flushing slots 7 have been closed. The rinsing end is thus given by the timing of the rinsing slots 7. For the renewed closing of the diaphragm valve 11, however, the entire crank angle range is available in which the flushing slots 7 are covered by the piston 9, which allows a relatively slow closing and thus enables the use of inexpensive actuators.

Wie in Fig. 3 dargestellt, kann das elektromagnetische Mem­branventil 11 zwei im Kanalabschnitt 3 einseitig befestigte Membranzungen 12 aufweisen, welche im geschlossenen Zustand an ihren freien, ferromagnetischen Enden 14 von Elektromagne­ten 15 festgehalten werden. Die Elektromagnete 15, deren elek­trische Anschlüsse mit 16 bezeichnet sind, sind auf einem im Kanalabschnitt 3 angeordneten Träger 17 befestigt.As shown in FIG. 3, the electromagnetic diaphragm valve 11 can have two diaphragm tongues 12 which are fastened on one side in the channel section 3 and which are held by electromagnets 15 at their free, ferromagnetic ends 14 in the closed state. The electromagnets 15, the electrical connections of which are denoted by 16, are fastened on a carrier 17 arranged in the channel section 3.

Die Membranzungen 12 können auch zur Gänze ferromagnetisch ausgebildet sein und schließen nach Beendigung des Spülvorgan­ges entweder durch ihre Eigenelastizität oder durch an den Membranzungen 12 angreifende, hier nicht dargestellte Feder­elemente.The diaphragm tongues 12 can also be entirely ferromagnetic and, after the flushing process has ended, they close either by their own elasticity or by spring elements, not shown here, acting on the diaphragm tongues 12.

Bei Vollast der Brennkraftmaschine können die Membranzungen 12 im geöffneten Zustand 13 von an der Wand des Kanalabschnit­ tes 3 befestigten Elektromagneten 18 festgehalten werden, welche über elektrische Anschlüsse 19 mit Strom versorgt werden. Die Membranzungen werden dadurch in ihrer größten Öffnungstellung festgehalten, wodurch der Gesamtströmungs­widerstand des Membranventiles 11 gesenkt wird.At full load of the internal combustion engine, the diaphragm tongues 12 can open on the wall of the channel section 13 tes 3 attached electromagnets 18 are held, which are supplied with electricity via electrical connections 19. As a result, the diaphragm tongues are held in their largest opening position, as a result of which the overall flow resistance of the diaphragm valve 11 is reduced.

In der Ausführung nach Fig. 4 weist das elektromagnetisch entriegelbare Membranventil 11 zwei im wesentlichen symme­trisch ausgebildete Membranträger 20 auf, deren ein Ende 21 im Kanalabschnitt 3 jeweils drehbar gelagert ist und deren freien Enden 22 im dargestellten, geschlossenen Zustand des Membran­ventiles dicht aneinanderliegen. Auf den Membranträgern 20, die hier rahmenförmig ausgebildet sind, sind jeweils an den Enden 21 Membranzungen 12 befestigt, deren freie Enden 14 mit an den freien Enden 22 der Membranträger 20 fixierten Elektro­magneten 23 zusammenwirken.In the embodiment according to FIG. 4, the electromagnetically unlockable diaphragm valve 11 has two essentially symmetrically designed diaphragm supports 20, one end 21 of which is rotatably mounted in the channel section 3 and the free ends 22 of which lie tightly against one another in the closed state of the diaphragm valve shown. On the membrane supports 20, which are frame-shaped here, membrane tongues 12 are attached to the ends 21, the free ends 14 of which cooperate with electromagnets 23 fixed to the free ends 22 of the membrane supports 20.

Bei Teillast werden wie in der Ausführung nach Fig. 3 die Mem­branzungen 12 von den Elektromagneten 23 freigegeben, während die Membranträger 20 mittels eines Betätigungsgestänges 24 bis 27 fixiert werden. Bei Vollast wird der aus den beiden Membranträgern 20 und den Membranzungen 12 bestehende Ventil­körper symmetrisch geteilt und über das Betätigungsgestänge 24 bis 27 zur Gänze in seitliche Erweiterungen 28 des Kanalab­schnittes 3 geklappt und dort fixiert. Im aufgeklappten Zu­stand steht somit für den Spülstrom der gesamte Kanalquer­schnitt zur Verfügung. Durch die dachförmige Anordnung der Membranzungen 12 bzw. Membranträger 20 wird deren Öffnen durch den Spülstrom entlang Pfeil 29 unterstützt.At partial load, the diaphragm tongues 12 are released by the electromagnets 23, as in the embodiment according to FIG. 3, while the diaphragm supports 20 are fixed by means of an actuating linkage 24 to 27. At full load, the valve body consisting of the two diaphragm supports 20 and the diaphragm tongues 12 is divided symmetrically and completely folded into lateral extensions 28 of the channel section 3 via the actuating linkage 24 to 27 and fixed there. When opened, the entire channel cross-section is available for the flushing flow. The roof-shaped arrangement of the membrane tongues 12 or membrane carrier 20 supports their opening by the flushing flow along arrow 29.

In Fig. 5 ist in einem Kurbelwinkeldiagramm das gegen­ständliche Spülsystem einer Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine dar­gestellt. Die maximale Auspufföffnungszeit A und die maximale Spülkanalöffnungszeit S wird durch die Höhe der Auslaß- bzw. Spülschlitze im Zylinder der Brennkraftmaschine bestimmt. Die­se werden vom Kolben überstrichen und jeweils für einen be­stimmten Kurbelwinkelbereich A bzw. S symmetrisch zum unteren Totpunkt UT freigegeben. Mit Hilfe des gegenständlichen Steu­ersystems wird nun der Beginn der Spülung abhängig von Last- bzw. Drehzahlwerten um die Zeit V verzögert, wodurch der Spül­strom im Kurbelwinkelbereich V unterbrochen ist und die verzö­gerte Spülung nur im Bereich SV stattfinden kann. Der Zeit­ punkt des Öffnens des Membranventiles wird bei höheren Lasten in Richtung a, bei niedrigeren Lasten in Richtung b verscho­ben.5, the purge system of a two-stroke internal combustion engine is shown in a crank angle diagram. The maximum exhaust opening time A and the maximum flushing channel opening time S are determined by the height of the exhaust or flushing slots in the cylinder of the internal combustion engine. These are swept by the piston and released for a certain crank angle range A or S symmetrically to the bottom dead center UT. With the aid of the control system in question, the start of the purging is now delayed by the time V depending on the load or speed values, as a result of which the purging flow is interrupted in the crank angle region V and the delayed purging can only take place in the SV region. Currently The point of opening of the diaphragm valve is shifted in direction a for higher loads and in direction b for lower loads.

Claims (7)

1. Spülsystem für eine Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine mit in den Zylinder mündenden Spülkanälen und einem Auslaßkanal, mit vom Kolben der Brennkraftmaschine gesteuerten Spülschlit­zen und Auslaßschlitz, wobei den Spülkanälen ein in einem Kanalabschnitt angeordnetes Ventil vorgeschaltet ist, da­durch gekennzeichnet , daß das Ventil ein elektromagnetisch entriegelbares, druckgesteuertes Membranventil (11) ist, mit welchem innerhalb der Öffnungsdauer der Spülschlit­ze (7) der Spülstrom zu den einzelnen Spülschlitzen (7) unterbrechbar ist, wodurch die Spülzeit abhängig vom Last- und Drehzahlzustand der Brennkraftmaschine steuerbar ist.1. Flushing system for a two-stroke internal combustion engine with flushing channels opening into the cylinder and an outlet channel, with flushing slots and outlet slot controlled by the piston of the internal combustion engine, the flushing channels being preceded by a valve arranged in a channel section, characterized in that the valve is an electromagnetically unlockable, Pressure-controlled diaphragm valve (11), with which the flushing flow to the individual flushing slots (7) can be interrupted within the opening period of the flushing slots (7), whereby the flushing time can be controlled depending on the load and speed state of the internal combustion engine. 2. Spülsystem nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das elektromagnetisch entriegelbare Membranventil (11) in einem gemeinsamen Zuführkanal zu den einzelnen Spülkanä­len (2) angeordnet ist.2. Flushing system according to claim 1, characterized in that the electromagnetically unlockable membrane valve (11) is arranged in a common feed channel to the individual flushing channels (2). 3. Spülsystem nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 bei einer Zwei­takt-Brennkraftmaschine mit Kurbelkastenspülung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das elektromagnetisch entriegelbare Membranventil (11) in einem vom Kurbelkasten zum Zylin­der (1) führenden gemeinsamen Überströmkanal angeordnet ist.3. Flushing system according to claim 1 or 2 in a two-stroke internal combustion engine with crankcase purge, characterized in that the electromagnetically unlockable membrane valve (11) is arranged in a common overflow channel leading from the crankcase to the cylinder (1). 4. Spülsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß das Membranventil (11) zumindest eine, vorzugsweise zwei symmetrisch ausgeführte, einseitig ge­lagerte Membranzungen (12) aufweist, die im geschlossenen Zustand des Membranventiles (11) an ihren freien, ferro­magnetischen Enden (14) von am Kanalabschnitt (3) abge­stützten Elektromagneten (15) feststellbar sind. (Fig. 3)4. Flushing system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the diaphragm valve (11) has at least one, preferably two symmetrically designed, one-sided mounted diaphragm tongues (12) which in the closed state of the diaphragm valve (11) on their free, ferromagnetic Ends (14) of electromagnets (15) supported on the channel section (3) can be ascertained. (Fig. 3) 5. Spülsystem nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß bei Vollast der Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschine die zumindest eine Membranzunge (12) im geöffneten Zustand (13) des Mem­branventiles (11) von an der Wand des Kanalabschnittes (3) angeordneten Elektromagneten (18) feststellbar ist. (Fig. 3)5. Flushing system according to claim 4, characterized in that at full load of the two-stroke internal combustion engine, the at least one diaphragm tongue (12) in the open state (13) of the diaphragm valve (11) on the wall of the channel section (3) arranged electromagnets (18) can be determined is. (Fig. 3) 6. Spülsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß das Membranventil (11) zwei symmetrisch ausgebildete im Kanalabschnitt (3) jeweils drehbar gela­gerte, vorzugsweise rahmenförmige Membranträger (20) auf­weist, an deren freien Enden (22) jeweils Elektromagne­te (23) angeordnet sind, mit welchen an den Membranträ­gern (20) einseitig befestigte Membranzungen (12) in Schließstellung des Membranventiles (11) feststellbar sind, wobei Erweiterungen (28) des Kanalabschnittes (3) vorgesehen sind, welche bei Vollast der Zweitakt-Brenn­kraftmaschine die beiden Membranträger (20) samt Membran­zungen (12) aufnehmen, sowie daß die beiden Membran­träger (20) mittels eines Betätigungsgestänges (24-27) bewegbar und in deren Offenstellung bei Vollast fixierbar sind. (Fig. 4)6. Flushing system according to one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the diaphragm valve (11) has two symmetrically formed in the channel section (3) each rotatably mounted, preferably frame-shaped diaphragm carrier (20), at the free ends (22) of which electromagnets ( 23) are arranged, with which membrane tongues (12) fastened on one side to the membrane carriers (20) can be ascertained in the closed position of the membrane valve (11), extensions (28) of the channel section (3) being provided which, when the two-stroke internal combustion engine is under full load, the Take up both membrane supports (20) together with membrane tongues (12), and that the two membrane supports (20) can be moved by means of an actuating linkage (24-27) and can be fixed in their open position at full load. (Fig. 4) 7. Spülsystem nach einem der Ansprüche 4 bis 6, dadurch ge­kennzeichnet, daß die Membranzungen (12) oder Membranträ­ger (20) in einem Kanalabschnitt (3) mit rechteckigem Querschnitt im wesentlichen dachförmig angeordnet sind, wobei die freien Enden (14, 22) der Membranzungen (12) oder Membranträger (20) in die Strömungsrichtung (29) des Spülstromes zeigen.7. Flushing system according to one of claims 4 to 6, characterized in that the membrane tongues (12) or membrane carrier (20) are arranged in a channel section (3) with a rectangular cross-section substantially roof-shaped, the free ends (14, 22) of the Point membrane tongues (12) or membrane carrier (20) in the flow direction (29) of the flushing stream.
EP90890132A 1989-05-02 1990-04-30 Scavenging system for a two-stroke internal combustion engine Expired - Lifetime EP0396530B1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT0104889A AT407426B (en) 1989-05-02 1989-05-02 FLUSHING SYSTEM FOR A TWO-STROKE COMBUSTION ENGINE
AT1048/89 1989-05-02

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EP0396530A1 true EP0396530A1 (en) 1990-11-07
EP0396530B1 EP0396530B1 (en) 1992-10-28

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AT (1) AT407426B (en)
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JPH0617659A (en) * 1992-07-06 1994-01-25 Yamaha Motor Co Ltd Intake check valve for engine
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DE19908435A1 (en) * 1999-02-26 2000-09-07 Meta Motoren Energietech Method and device for pulse charging a piston internal combustion engine
JP2013024137A (en) * 2011-07-21 2013-02-04 Hitachi Koki Co Ltd Engine and engine working machine
DE102015203788B4 (en) * 2015-03-03 2020-02-27 Ford Global Technologies, Llc Internal combustion engine with a device for pulse charging and method for operating such an internal combustion engine
CN105200373A (en) * 2015-09-14 2015-12-30 京东方科技集团股份有限公司 Filling device and filling method for evaporation system of organic light emitting diode (OLED)
DE102018003476A1 (en) 2018-04-24 2019-10-24 Andreas Stihl Ag & Co. Kg Internal combustion engine and method for its operation

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US5033419A (en) 1991-07-23
ATA104889A (en) 2000-07-15
ES2035743T3 (en) 1993-04-16
DE59000393D1 (en) 1992-12-03
EP0396530B1 (en) 1992-10-28

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