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EP0389326A1 - Röntgenröhre mit Strahlablenkung und Ablenkplatten - Google Patents

Röntgenröhre mit Strahlablenkung und Ablenkplatten Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0389326A1
EP0389326A1 EP90400622A EP90400622A EP0389326A1 EP 0389326 A1 EP0389326 A1 EP 0389326A1 EP 90400622 A EP90400622 A EP 90400622A EP 90400622 A EP90400622 A EP 90400622A EP 0389326 A1 EP0389326 A1 EP 0389326A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
deflection
cathode
ray tube
electrodes
anode
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP90400622A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Inventor
Bernard Cabinet Ballot-Schmit Evain
Horia Cabinet Ballot-Schmit Dumitrescu
Jean-Marie Cabinet Ballot-Schmit Fourmigue
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
General Electric CGR SA
Original Assignee
General Electric CGR SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by General Electric CGR SA filed Critical General Electric CGR SA
Publication of EP0389326A1 publication Critical patent/EP0389326A1/de
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/24—Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof
    • H01J35/30—Tubes wherein the point of impact of the cathode ray on the anode or anticathode is movable relative to the surface thereof by deflection of the cathode ray
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/04—Electrodes ; Mutual position thereof; Constructional adaptations therefor
    • H01J35/06—Cathodes
    • H01J35/066—Details of electron optical components, e.g. cathode cups
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01J—ELECTRIC DISCHARGE TUBES OR DISCHARGE LAMPS
    • H01J35/00—X-ray tubes
    • H01J35/02—Details
    • H01J35/14—Arrangements for concentrating, focusing, or directing the cathode ray
    • H01J35/153—Spot position control

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an X-ray tube which is used in particular in radiology to obtain an X-ray beam which can have different directions in space.
  • This type of X-ray tube is, for example used in radiodiagnostics to scan an area to be analyzed or to obtain at least two X-ray beams having different energy characteristics and / or different angles of incidence on the area to be analyze.
  • An X-ray tube comprises, in a vacuum enclosure, a cathode made up of a heated filament which emits electrons and of a concentration device backed by the filament which focuses the electrons emitted on an anode brought to a positive potential compared to at the cathode.
  • the point of impact of the electron beam on the anode constitutes the source of X-radiation in the form of a beam.
  • deflection means are usually constituted by magnetic or electrostatic lenses which are arranged on the path of the beam or near this path between the cathode and the anode.
  • the implementation of these lenses requires a significant energy due to the high kinetic energy of the beam electrons due to their high speed due to a high potential difference between the cathode and the anode, greater than one hundred kilovolts.
  • Figure 1 schematically shows an X-ray tube of the type described in the aforementioned patent application. It comprises, in a vacuum enclosure represented by the dashed rectangle 11, a filament 12, a concentration device 13 attached to the filament 12 and an anode 14.
  • the filament 12 and the concentration device 13 constitute a cathode C1.
  • the concentration device 13 consists of a first metal part 15 and a second metal part 16 which are electrically insulated from each other by an insulating partition 17 secured to an insulating base 18.
  • the metal parts 15 and 16 are arranged symmetrically on either side of the filament 12 with respect to a plane of symmetry perpendicular to the plane of Figure 1. This plane of symmetry contains the axis of the filament 12 perpendicular to the plane of Figure 1 and is perpendicular at the base 18. The intersection of this plane of symmetry with the plane of Figure 1 defines the axis 19 of the electron beam.
  • the cathode C1 When equal voltages are applied to the metal parts 15 and 16, the cathode C1 emits an electron beam F along the axis 19, the concentration of which is obtained by the geometry of the cathode C1.
  • the X-ray tube which has just been described exhibits satisfactory deflection performance without requiring the application of excessively high voltages.
  • the beam concentration is not satisfactory for applications in which it is necessary for the X-ray source to be punctual and for the energy distribution of the X-ray beam to be uniformly and symmetrically distributed over its section.
  • the invention provides an X-ray tube in which the functions of concentration and deflection are spatially separated at the level of the cathode.
  • the invention relates to an X-ray tube comprising in a vacuum enclosure a cathode which emits an electron beam and an anode which receives said beam and emits X-radiation, said cathode being made of an emitting filament.
  • electrons and an electron beam concentrating device characterized in that it further comprises two deflection electrodes arranged on either side of the electron beam and isolated from the cathode and the anode, said electrodes being able to be brought to potentials different from each other and from those of the cathode.
  • Figure 2 schematically shows an X-ray tube according to the present invention. It comprises, in a vacuum enclosure, represented by the dashed frame 21, a filament 22, a concentration device 23 and an anode 24.
  • the concentration device 23 and the filament 22 constitute a cathode C2.
  • the concentration device 23 consists of a single metal piece which is symmetrical with respect to a plane of symmetry perpendicular to the plane of Figure 2 and containing the axis 25 of the filament 22 perpendicular to the plane of the figure. The intersection of this plane of symmetry with the plane of Figure 2 defines the axis 29 of the electron beam.
  • the opposite and symmetrical faces 26 and 27 of the concentration device 23 are in the form of stair treads, the first step of which is at the filament level 22.
  • a zero or positive voltage is applied to the metal part 23, by means not shown in FIG. 2, a concentration of the electron beam is obtained at a point 28 of the anode 24 located on the axis 29.
  • the deflection of the electron beam is obtained by metal plates 30 and 31 which extend the steps of the concentration device 23 and are arranged symmetrically with respect to the plane of symmetry. They are electrically isolated from the concentration device by insulating layers 32 and 33. These plates can be brought, by means not shown in FIG. 2, to different potentials with respect to each other, with respect to the metal part 23 and relative to the anode 24.
  • the amplitude of the deflection is not proportional to the length of the plates as one might think a priori.
  • FIGS. 4a and 4b are diagrams showing the density A of the energy distribution of the impact on the anode as a function of the distance ⁇ of the impact with respect to the axis 29.
  • the diagram in FIG. 4a corresponds to an absence of polarization on the plates while FIG. 4b corresponds to a deflection obtained by applying polarization voltages of + 2000 volts and - 2000 volts. These diagrams show that there is a slight deterioration in the energy distribution of the impact for the part furthest from the axis.
  • FIG. 5b shows that the energy distribution of the beam is less regular over the diameter of the impact when the voltage applied to a plate is 500 volts, the other plate being grounded.
  • the concentration of the beam is obtained using a cathode comprising two steps on either side of the filament. Furthermore, the deflection is obtained by two plates arranged in the external extension of the second step. Such an arrangement leads to applying relatively high deflection voltages on these plates because the energy of the beam is already high at the level of the plates. To reduce these deflection voltages, it is possible ( Figure 6) to remove the last two steps of the cathode and replace them with deflection plates which then act on a beam having less energy. Such an embodiment results in poorer beam concentration since the effect of the concentrating device is less.
  • deflection plates of different lengths and symmetrically polarized or not.
  • the deflection plates may have a profile in the form of stairs.
  • FIGS. 7 and 8 show, by way of non-limiting illustration, two ways among others of producing a cathode with deflection plates according to the present invention. In these figures, elements similar to those of Figure 2 have the same references.
  • the cathode consists of a metal part 40 pierced with at least one hole 41 in its center for the passage of the conductors 42 for feeding the filament 22; these conductors 42 also serve as mechanical support for the filament 22.
  • These conductors 42 are isolated from each other and from the metal part 40 by an insulator 43.
  • the metal part 40 is shaped, filament side, so as to present stair steps referenced 44, 45 on one side and 46, 47 on the other, which separate the edges of the filament piece.
  • the filament is placed at the first step 44 and 46.
  • Each second step 45 or 47 is extended diametrically outward along a flat face 48 or 49 which serves as a support for an insulating bar 50 or 51.
  • This insulating bar 50 or 51 constitutes in a way a third step for the concentration device .
  • Each insulating bar 50 or 51 serves as a support for a metal electrode 52 or 53 which has the shape of a square, one side 54 or 55 of which is fixed to the corresponding bar and the other side of which 56 or 57 comes back parallel to the central axis of the beam.
  • This second side 56 or 57 extends in the direction of the metal part 40 but stops at a certain distance from the latter to avoid any electrical breakdown between the two metal elements brought to different potentials.
  • the deflection voltages are applied to these electrodes 52 and 53 by respective conductors 58 and 59 which each pass through the associated insulating bar 50 or 51 and the metal part 40 by means of holes, in particular the holes 60 and 61 drilled in the metal part. 40.
  • an insulator 62 is provided between the conductor 58 or 59 and the metal part 40.
  • the bias voltage of the cathode is applied via a metal terminal 63.
  • the insulating bars 50 and 51 can be made of any insulating material capable of withstanding high temperatures. This is the case with alumina. These alumina bars can be welded to the metal part 40.
  • metal deflection electrodes 52 and 53 metals or metal alloys which are resistant to high temperatures are also required. Molybdenum can be used which can be welded to the alumina from the insulating bars 50 and 51.
  • FIG. 8 The embodiment of Figure 8 is similar to that of Figure 7 with regard to the cathode and its filament. It differs from it in the way in which the deflection electrodes are produced. While in FIG. 7, the electrodes 52 and 53 are supported by the flat front face 48 or 49 of the cathode on which the insulating bars are fixed, in FIG. 8, the insulating elements 77 and 78 are fixed on the lateral face 79 and 79 ′ outside of the metal part 40.
  • the insulating elements 77 and 78 comprise two distinct parts, one 64 or 65 for fixing to the external lateral face 79 and the another 66 or 67 for supporting the deflection electrodes 68 and 69.
  • the insulating parts 66 and 67 are shaped so as to present, on the filament side, two opposite faces 70 and 71 parallel to the steps of the concentration device.
  • the metal electrodes 68 and 69 are deposited on these opposite faces 70 and 71 as well as on the upper surfaces 72 and 73 and lower 74 and 75 of the insulating parts 66 and 67. These electrodes are connected to a voltage supply device (not shown) by conductors 76 and 76 ′ which pass through the insulating elements 64 and 65.
  • the insulating elements 77 and 78 can be made of any insulating material capable of withstanding high temperatures, for example alumina. These elements 77 and 78 can be welded or glued to the part 40.
  • the material of the electrodes 68 and 69 is a metal or a metal alloy which resists high temperatures, for example molybdenum.

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  • X-Ray Techniques (AREA)
EP90400622A 1989-03-24 1990-03-08 Röntgenröhre mit Strahlablenkung und Ablenkplatten Withdrawn EP0389326A1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8903888A FR2644931A1 (fr) 1989-03-24 1989-03-24 Tube a rayons x a balayage avec plaques de deflexion
FR8903888 1989-03-24

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0389326A1 true EP0389326A1 (de) 1990-09-26

Family

ID=9380027

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP90400622A Withdrawn EP0389326A1 (de) 1989-03-24 1990-03-08 Röntgenröhre mit Strahlablenkung und Ablenkplatten

Country Status (4)

Country Link
US (1) US5125019A (de)
EP (1) EP0389326A1 (de)
JP (1) JPH02295038A (de)
FR (1) FR2644931A1 (de)

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2680046A1 (fr) * 1991-07-31 1993-02-05 Gen Electric Cgr Tube a rayons x a deflexion electromagnetique.
EP0553914A1 (de) * 1992-01-27 1993-08-04 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Röntgenröhre mit veränderlichem Brennfleck
WO2000025342A1 (en) * 1998-10-27 2000-05-04 Litton Systems, Inc. X-ray tube providing variable imaging spot size

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* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4119729C2 (de) * 1991-06-14 1994-08-18 Max Planck Gesellschaft Einrichtung zum Erzeugen kurzwelliger elektromagnetischer Strahlung
US6134300A (en) * 1998-11-05 2000-10-17 The Regents Of The University Of California Miniature x-ray source
US6332017B1 (en) 1999-01-25 2001-12-18 Vanderbilt University System and method for producing pulsed monochromatic X-rays
US6327335B1 (en) 1999-04-13 2001-12-04 Vanderbilt University Apparatus and method for three-dimensional imaging using a stationary monochromatic x-ray beam
US6438207B1 (en) 1999-09-14 2002-08-20 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. X-ray tube having improved focal spot control
US6976953B1 (en) 2000-03-30 2005-12-20 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Maintaining the alignment of electric and magnetic fields in an x-ray tube operated in a magnetic field
US6975895B1 (en) 2000-03-30 2005-12-13 The Board Of Trustees Of The Leland Stanford Junior University Modified X-ray tube for use in the presence of magnetic fields
US6480572B2 (en) 2001-03-09 2002-11-12 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Dual filament, electrostatically controlled focal spot for x-ray tubes
US20030095632A1 (en) 2001-11-20 2003-05-22 Philips Medical Systems (Cleveland), Inc. X-ray tube cathode cup structure for focal spot deflection
JP4597517B2 (ja) * 2001-11-20 2010-12-15 コーニンクレッカ フィリップス エレクトロニクス エヌ ヴィ 焦点偏向のためのｘ線陰極カップ構造
US6785359B2 (en) * 2002-07-30 2004-08-31 Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Company, Llc Cathode for high emission x-ray tube
US6968039B2 (en) * 2003-08-04 2005-11-22 Ge Medical Systems Global Technology Co., Llc Focal spot position adjustment system for an imaging tube
US7257194B2 (en) * 2004-02-09 2007-08-14 Varian Medical Systems Technologies, Inc. Cathode head with focal spot control
US7486984B2 (en) * 2004-05-19 2009-02-03 Mxisystems, Inc. System and method for monochromatic x-ray beam therapy
US7657002B2 (en) * 2006-01-31 2010-02-02 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. Cathode head having filament protection features
WO2008017982A2 (en) 2006-08-10 2008-02-14 Philips Intellectual Property & Standards Gmbh X-ray tube and method of voltage supplying of an ion deflecting and collecting setup of an x-ray tube
ATE510297T1 (de) * 2006-10-13 2011-06-15 Koninkl Philips Electronics Nv Röntgenröhre, röntgenstrahlensystem und verfahren zur erzeugung von röntgenstrahlen
US20080095317A1 (en) * 2006-10-17 2008-04-24 General Electric Company Method and apparatus for focusing and deflecting the electron beam of an x-ray device
US8084929B2 (en) * 2009-04-29 2011-12-27 Atti International Services Company, Inc. Multiple device shaping uniform distribution of current density in electro-static focusing systems
KR101823876B1 (ko) * 2011-07-22 2018-01-31 한국전자통신연구원 스페이서를 이용한 적층형 엑스선관 장치
US9524845B2 (en) 2012-01-18 2016-12-20 Varian Medical Systems, Inc. X-ray tube cathode with magnetic electron beam steering
CN110993469A (zh) * 2019-12-26 2020-04-10 珠海瑞能真空电子有限公司 阴极头组件、x射线管阴极、x射线管和x射线装置
EP4177927A1 (de) * 2021-11-09 2023-05-10 Koninklijke Philips N.V. Röntgenröhre

Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4065690A (en) * 1976-01-29 1977-12-27 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. X-ray tube with a control grid
EP0030453A1 (de) * 1979-12-05 1981-06-17 Pfizer Inc. Drehanodenröntgenröhre und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Röntgenstrahlenbündels
EP0030553A1 (de) * 1979-06-21 1981-06-24 Atlantic Richfield Company Einen kompressor für verwendungen im niedrigdruckverhältnis enthaltende wärmepumpe
US4344011A (en) * 1978-11-17 1982-08-10 Hitachi, Ltd. X-ray tubes
FR2536583A1 (fr) * 1982-11-23 1984-05-25 Elscint Inc Tube a rayons x comportant un foyer reglable
EP0150364A2 (de) * 1984-01-19 1985-08-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Röntgendiagnostikeinrichtung mit einer Röntgenröhre

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DE2362761A1 (de) * 1973-12-17 1975-06-26 Siemens Ag Roentgenbildverstaerker
JPS54143044A (en) * 1978-04-28 1979-11-07 Mitsubishi Electric Corp Power distributor/synthesizer
US4689809A (en) * 1982-11-23 1987-08-25 Elscint, Inc. X-ray tube having an adjustable focal spot
JPS61153934A (ja) * 1984-12-27 1986-07-12 Toshiba Corp 焦点位置可変形ｘ線管
US4631742A (en) * 1985-02-25 1986-12-23 General Electric Company Electronic control of rotating anode microfocus x-ray tubes for anode life extension
US4764947A (en) * 1985-12-04 1988-08-16 The Machlett Laboratories, Incorporated Cathode focusing arrangement

Patent Citations (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4065690A (en) * 1976-01-29 1977-12-27 Tokyo Shibaura Electric Co., Ltd. X-ray tube with a control grid
US4344011A (en) * 1978-11-17 1982-08-10 Hitachi, Ltd. X-ray tubes
EP0030553A1 (de) * 1979-06-21 1981-06-24 Atlantic Richfield Company Einen kompressor für verwendungen im niedrigdruckverhältnis enthaltende wärmepumpe
EP0030453A1 (de) * 1979-12-05 1981-06-17 Pfizer Inc. Drehanodenröntgenröhre und Verfahren zur Erzeugung eines Röntgenstrahlenbündels
FR2536583A1 (fr) * 1982-11-23 1984-05-25 Elscint Inc Tube a rayons x comportant un foyer reglable
EP0150364A2 (de) * 1984-01-19 1985-08-07 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Röntgendiagnostikeinrichtung mit einer Röntgenröhre

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 10, no. 356 (E-459)[2412], 29 novembre 1986, page 1 E 459; JP-A-61 153 934 (TOSHIBA CORP.) 12-07-1986 *

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2680046A1 (fr) * 1991-07-31 1993-02-05 Gen Electric Cgr Tube a rayons x a deflexion electromagnetique.
EP0553914A1 (de) * 1992-01-27 1993-08-04 Koninklijke Philips Electronics N.V. Röntgenröhre mit veränderlichem Brennfleck
WO2000025342A1 (en) * 1998-10-27 2000-05-04 Litton Systems, Inc. X-ray tube providing variable imaging spot size
US6236713B1 (en) 1998-10-27 2001-05-22 Litton Systems, Inc. X-ray tube providing variable imaging spot size

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US5125019A (en) 1992-06-23
FR2644931A1 (fr) 1990-09-28
JPH02295038A (ja) 1990-12-05

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