EP0377624A1 - Specific dna molecular probes for bos-type male genome - Google Patents
Specific dna molecular probes for bos-type male genomeInfo
- Publication number
- EP0377624A1 EP0377624A1 EP19880907713 EP88907713A EP0377624A1 EP 0377624 A1 EP0377624 A1 EP 0377624A1 EP 19880907713 EP19880907713 EP 19880907713 EP 88907713 A EP88907713 A EP 88907713A EP 0377624 A1 EP0377624 A1 EP 0377624A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- formulas
- dna
- fragments
- chromosome
- fragment
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
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Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G01—MEASURING; TESTING
- G01N—INVESTIGATING OR ANALYSING MATERIALS BY DETERMINING THEIR CHEMICAL OR PHYSICAL PROPERTIES
- G01N33/00—Investigating or analysing materials by specific methods not covered by groups G01N1/00 - G01N31/00
- G01N33/48—Biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Haemocytometers
- G01N33/50—Chemical analysis of biological material, e.g. blood, urine; Testing involving biospecific ligand binding methods; Immunological testing
- G01N33/53—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor
- G01N33/569—Immunoassay; Biospecific binding assay; Materials therefor for microorganisms, e.g. protozoa, bacteria, viruses
- G01N33/56966—Animal cells
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C12—BIOCHEMISTRY; BEER; SPIRITS; WINE; VINEGAR; MICROBIOLOGY; ENZYMOLOGY; MUTATION OR GENETIC ENGINEERING
- C12Q—MEASURING OR TESTING PROCESSES INVOLVING ENZYMES, NUCLEIC ACIDS OR MICROORGANISMS; COMPOSITIONS OR TEST PAPERS THEREFOR; PROCESSES OF PREPARING SUCH COMPOSITIONS; CONDITION-RESPONSIVE CONTROL IN MICROBIOLOGICAL OR ENZYMOLOGICAL PROCESSES
- C12Q1/00—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions
- C12Q1/68—Measuring or testing processes involving enzymes, nucleic acids or microorganisms; Compositions therefor; Processes of preparing such compositions involving nucleic acids
- C12Q1/6876—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes
- C12Q1/6879—Nucleic acid products used in the analysis of nucleic acids, e.g. primers or probes for sex determination
Definitions
- the present invention relates to molecular probes specific DNA useful for sex determination - or sexing - embryos or fetuses of ruminants, no ⁇ MENT of the subfamily of cattle, particularly of the genus Bos, having DNA sequences specific for the male sex, as well as flanking sequences, or primers, for the gene amplification of these probes; the present invention also encompasses the applications of said probes, preferably amplified using the above flanking sequences, and in particular their applications to the determination of the sex of embryos and fetuses of the aforementioned ruminants, and to the control of the presence of the Y chromosome in a population of spermatozoa as well as in the separation of said population into two groups respectively comprising the Y chromosome and the X chromosome, for the purpose of artificial insemination.
- RNA is mentioned in this PCT International Application (see d) above), it seems that the preferred nucleic acids are DNA and consist of the EcoRI fragment of 6.2 kbp, 4, 0 kbp or 2.2 kbp of the genome of -ES6.0.
- the process for sexing embryos or fetuses of the genus Bos consists in: - bringing the DNA of cells of the embryo or fetus into contact, under hybridization conditions, with one or more probes hybridization as defined above, each detectably marked;
- the hybridization probes are obtained by nicktranslation and the DNA of embryos or fetuses would only come from at least 4, but preferably from at least 10, embryonic cells. .
- PCT International Application 86/07095 further describes a method of isolating a DNA clone from a genomic library of males of the species concerned which consists of:
- nucleic acids used as probes are marked by radioactive atoms and it also seems preferred to jointly use two of the probes defined above.
- the applicants have, for their part, isolated a DNA molecular probe specific for the male genome of mammals, in particular of the genus Bos - which the inventors have moreover managed to synthesize -, the hybridization profile of which (determined by hybridization of said probe with male genomic DNA giganted by EcoRI) reveals the presence of a band of the order of 7 kb specific for the male genome of the genus Bos (and absent from the female genomic DNA), which probe - which has received the designation bc.1.2 - comprises 49 base pairs, the nucleotide sequence (A) is as follows:
- the Inventors have managed to identify the flanking segments of said probes, which has enabled them to amplify the latter and has the consequence of increasing ter their sensitivity, to ensure a reliability of the sex determination of embryos of the order of 100%, to reduce the time necessary for such a determination.
- the inventors have been able to establish that the segments or fragments of short male-specific DNA which they have identified and synthesized, can play the role of probes as well as flanking segments, or primers.
- the subject of the present invention is synthetic oligonucleotides which are characterized in that they consist of fragments of a molecular probe comprising a nucleotide sequence of 49 base pairs, of formula A, below: known in itself, and constituting a DNA segment specific to the male genome of ruminant mammals, in particular of the genus Bos, which fragments are themselves characterized in that they comprise at least 10 bases of said sequence A, including at least 5 consecutive bases thereof, as well as their complementary or any fragment having at least 60% homology with said oligonucleotides.
- the synthetic oligonucleotides according to the invention are characterized in that they consist of fragments of the molecular probe (A) which comprise 17 bases, including at least 5 consecutive bases of this one and in that they respond to formulas 1 to 8 below:
- the synthetic oligonucleotides according to the invention are characterized in that they consist of fragments of the molecular probe (A) which comprise 20 bases each and have the nucleotide sequences represented by formulas (9) to (11), below:
- sequences comprising at least 5 consecutive nucleotides or any fragment having at least 60% homology with said sequences.
- sequence (9) corresponds to a fragment of the 49 bp probe of formula (A) which goes from base 1 to base 20
- sequence (10) corresponds to a fragment of the probe 49 bp of formula (A) which goes from base 21 to base 40 and that the sequence (11) corresponds to a fragment of said probe which goes from base 11 to base 30.
- the inventors have, for their part, synthesized a certain number of fragments of the bovine DNA sequence and have been able to establish that these fragments, on the one hand, are male-specific, and are capable of constituting molecular probes for sexing. of embryos and on the other hand, are capable of playing the role of primers - or flanking segments - and, consequently, of amplifying the fragments of the DNA sequence which play the role of probes, in particular the molecular probe (A), which is also the case for fragments (1) to (8) and (9) to (11) each of which can just as easily act as primers - or flanking segment - of another of these fragments used as probe, that the role of probed amplified by each of said fragments.
- the molecular probe (A) which is also the case for fragments (1) to (8) and (9) to (11) each of which can just as easily act as primers - or flanking segment - of another of these fragments used as probe, that the role of probed amplified by
- said fragments of the bovine DNA sequence are characterized in that they have the nucleotide sequences represented by the formulas (12) to (29) below:
- the present invention further relates to a method for gene amplification of a DNA molecular probe specific for the male genome of mammals, especially ruminants, more particularly of the subfamily of cattle and in a genus-specific manner.
- Bos which probe has one of the nucleotide sequences of formulas (A) and (1) to (29) above, which amplification method consists in attaching to each of the ends, respectively, of said molecular probe, a flanking sequence judiciously chosen from the DNA fragments of formulas (1) to (29) as defined above, by hybridization, then to implement an enzymatic extension process using DNA polymerase, followed a process of ⁇ enaturation, and to repeat the hybridization-extension-denaturation cycle, known as the PCR cycle, a number of times sufficient to increase the quantity of the sequence constituting the starting molecular probe in a e exponential proportion compared to the number of cycles implemented.
- Bovine DNA fragments which can be used as molecular DNA probes specific for the male genome of mammals mentioned above, or as flanking segments of these probes, identified above and, where appropriate, advantageously amplified in accordance with the present invention, and duly marked with a radioisotope or with an appropriate non-radioactive substance, are used as described in French Patent Application N ° 86 02811 and / or in its Certificate of Addition N ° 86 12616, for the sexing of embryos or fetuses or for checking the presence of the Y chromosome in a sperm population, or for the separation of spermatozoa into two populations of spermatozoa carrying respectively the Y chromosome and the X chromosome with a view to their use for artificial insemination.
- the present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies by immunization of rodent mammals by sperm fractions carrying the Y- or X-chromosome controlled by hybridization with a bovine DNA fragment of formula (1) to (29), or a probe of formula (A), amplified by one or more primers - or flanking segments - of formulas (1) to (29).
- the present invention further relates to specific immunological reagents recognizing antigenic determinants controlled by chromosomes X or Y, which have served to obtain said reagents and expressed on the surface of the spermatozoa, characterized in that they consist of the antibodies obtained by implementing the above process, optionally purified.
- the invention also comprises other arrangements which will emerge from the description which follows.
- oligonucleotides of 17 base pairs each, comprising at least 5 consecutive bases of the molecular probe (A), which correspond respectively to formula (1) are fragments of the 49 bp sequence which has the nucleotide composition (A) indicated above.
- Their chemical synthesis was carried out using an automatic synthesizer "APPLIED BIOSYSTEMS” according to the technique of phophoramidite in solid phase.
- 10 to 20 ⁇ M of the fragments (1) to (8) in a volume of 3 ⁇ l are added to 23 ⁇ 1 of the reaction mixture composed of: 100 mM dithiothreitol (2.5 ⁇ 1), 10 mM spermidine (2.5 ⁇ 1), buffer d incubation 500 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7.5 + 100 mM MgCl2 (2.5 ⁇ 1), 100 ⁇ Ci ( ⁇ -32p) adenosine triphosphate-ATP 3000Ci / mmole (Amersham) and 20 U T4 polynucleotide kinase (Boehringer). After incubation for 30 min at 37 ° C, the reaction is stopped with 2 ⁇ 1 400 mM EDTA and the labeled oligonucleotide is separated from ATP by column chromatography with Sephadex G-25.
- the reaction mixture composed of: 100 mM dithiothreitol (2.5 ⁇ 1), 10 mM sperm
- the filters or blots are prehybridized at 40 to 65 ° C for 1 to 4 hours with a 5xSSPE mixture containing 0.9 M - NaCl; 50 mM NaHPO 4 pH 7.4; 5 mM EDTA pH 7.4; 5 x Denhart; 0.3 mg / ml of sonicated salmon sperm DNA and hydrolysis; 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate.
- Hybridization is carried out in the same mixture.
- Each of the 32 P radiolabelled probes, denatured at 100 ° C. for two minutes, is added to the hybridization solution at 1 to 6 ⁇ 10 6 cpm / ml.
- Hybridization is carried out from 40 to 65 ° C for at least 1 hour.
- the filters are washed in a 2 x SSC buffer plus 0.5% SDS, once or twice at 45 ° C for 30 minutes.
- the filters are then placed in a cassette fitted with "CRONEX” intensifiers (DUPONT), placed in contact with a Kodak XAR-5 film for autoradiography for 1 to 16 hours at -70 ° C.
- DUPONT "CRONEX" intensifiers
- the reaction was 95-97% efficient at each stage, it was necessary to purify the final product (subfragments (9) to (11) - 20 mer) from the intermediate oligonucleotides.
- About 7 mg of the mixture of oligonucleotides in 60 ⁇ 1 H 2 O are separated by electrophoresis in the gel of $ 20 polyacrylamide + 8 M urea at 700 V, 38mA for 3 hours.
- the bands corresponding to the sea are identified using an aluminum sheet coated with silica gel, fluorescent at 254 nm (Merck). This part of the gel is cut, then the DNA eluted in 1.5 ml of the 0.5 M CH 3 COONH 4 + 5 mM EDTA solution with stirring at 37 ° C. for 16 hours.
- 10 to 20 ⁇ M of fragments 9 to 11 in a volume of 3 ⁇ l are added to 23 ⁇ 1 of the reaction mixture composed of: 100 mM dithiothreitol (2.5 ⁇ 1), 10 mM spermidine (2.5 ⁇ 1), incubation buffer 500 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7.5 + 100 mM MgCl2 (2.5 ⁇ 1), 100 ⁇ Ci (-32P) adenosine triphosphate-ATP 3000Ci / mole (Amersham) and 20 U T4 polynucleoide kinase (Boehringer).
- the reaction mixture composed of: 100 mM dithiothreitol (2.5 ⁇ 1), 10 mM spermidine (2.5 ⁇ 1), incubation buffer 500 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7.5 + 100 mM MgCl2 (2.5 ⁇ 1), 100 ⁇ Ci (-32P) adenosine triphosphate-ATP 3000Ci / mole
- Hybridization is carried out at 55 ° C for at least 1 hour. After hybridization, the filters are washed in a 6 x SSC buffer plus 0.1% SDS, once or twice at 65 ° C for 20 minutes. The filters are then placed in a cassette fitted with “CRONEX” intensifiers (DUPONT), placed in contact with a Kodak XAR-5 film for autoradiography for 7 to 36 hours at -70 ° C.
- DUPONT “CRONEX” intensifiers
- the biotinylation of said fragments is carried out by adding 3 ′ of biotinated dUTP or any other biotinized deoxynucleotide using the enzymeterminal transferase (Boehringer).
- 10 to 20 ⁇ M respectively of the synthesized fragments are added to 100 ⁇ l of the reaction mixture composed of: 140 mM potassium cacodylate; 30 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.6; 0.1 mM dithiothreitol; 1 mM CoC1 2 + 0.02 mM biotinylated dUTP and 1 to 2 units of terminal transferase enzyme.
- the labeled oligonucleotide is separated by column chromatography with Sephadex 25 superfine.
- the slides are incubated with 90 to 100 ⁇ 1 of hybridization liquid and covered with a plastic film (to avoid evaporation).
- the slides After denaturing for 10 min in an oven at 100 ° C, the slides are. put in a humid chamber and incubated at 55 ° C for 16 hours.
- the final composition of the hybridization liquid is:
- DAB SIGMA ref. D 8001 a diaminobenzidine solution
- the precipitate formed by the action of peroxidase on DAB is amplified by successive precipitation of gold and silver salts according to the method described by BURNS et al (Journal Clinical Pathology 1985, 35, 1085-1092): Firstly, 50 to 100 ⁇ l are deposited per slide of a 2.5 mM solution of Na chloroaurate (NaAuCl 4 BDH ref. 30125 2R) and incubated for 5 min at room temperature. After washing for 5 min in distilled water, the slides are incubated for 5 min at room temperature with 50 to 100 ⁇ l of a 0.1 M solution of Na sulphide (Na 2 S, SIGMA ref. S 2006), rinsed 5 min with distilled water and incubated 4 to 8 minutes with 100 to 300 ⁇ l of silver reagent.
- BURNS et al Journal Clinical Pathology 1985, 35, 1085-1092
- composition of the silver reagent is as follows:
- the silver reagent is prepared by successively mixing the solutions B1 - B2 - B3 - B4 with stirring. The mixture obtained is added 1: 1 to the. solution A and the reagent thus prepared is used immediately.
- the cells used are frozen bull sperm stored in liquid nitrogen. We thaw a straw, about 13,000,000 sperm living. The straws are warmed for 30 seconds at 37 ° C. then the sperm diluted in 1 ml of sterile PBS.
- a series of centrifugations is carried out with the aim of eliminating the freezing medium as much as possible.
- the suspension of the spermatozoa in PBS is first centrifuged for 10 min at 500 g, the supernatant aspirated and the spermatozoa taken up in 1 ml of 0.11 M sodium citrate. Centrifuge for 10 min at 500 g. The supernatant is aspirated, the residue is taken up in 1 ml of 0.11 M sodium citrate + 5% DMSO, and centrifuged for 10 min at 500 g. We aspirate the supernatant, we resuspend in
- the cells are either deposited on a slide (30 - 40 ⁇ l of sperm suspension per slide) and treated by in situ hybridization with one of the probes of formulas (1) to (29) biotinylated, or deposited on a filter and hybridized according to the dot-blot technique with one of the probes of formulas (1) to (29) labeled with radioactive nucleotides.
- the in vitro gene amplification process is based on successive cycles of hybridization of the probes with oligonucleotide "primers" (the “primers” are flanking segments and, specifically, in the present case, any of the fragments of formulas (1) to (29)), -extension from “primers”, using the DNA polymerase enzyme and - denaturation, for example according to a process said PCR ("Polymerase chain reaction") described by the company CETUS CORPORATION (cf. in particular MULLIS et Al., COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY, Vol. II, 1986, pages 263-272).
- PCR Polymerase chain reaction
- the cells of a biopsy are placed in a microtube in a volume of 1 O ⁇ l in PBS - 35 ⁇ 1 of H2 ⁇ are added, then the tube is placed at 95 ° C for 10 minutes to lyse the cells and denature the DNA.
- 55 ⁇ l of PCR buffer 50 mM KC1, 10 mM Tris pH 8.3, 8 mM MgC1 2 , 1 ⁇ M of primer A to be fixed at one of the ends of the probe, 1 ⁇ M of primer are added to the lysate B to be fixed at the other end of the probe, 1.5 mM ATP, 1.5 mM dCTP, 1.5 mM dTTP, 1.5 mM dGTP
- the samples are then transferred to an appropriate temperature for 2 minutes so that the primers are fixed
- the strand extension is initiated by the addition of 4 units of "Taq Polymerase" (CETUS CORPORATION) and incubation at 69 ° C for 2 minutes.
- the membranes are then neutralized and then dried at 80 ° C, prehybridized and hybridized at 40 or 65 ° C depending on the primer used, in a buffer 5 x SSPE, 5 x Denhart, 0.5% SDS containing the radiolabelled probes in 5 '- terminal with / ⁇ 32 p / ATP using the polynucleotide kinase enzyme.
- the probes (49 sea or 17 sea or 20 sea) can be either radioactive. Drink marked with biotiné or another cold compound. Hybridization is carried out at 40 to 60 ° C for 1 hour. The membranes are then washed twice in
- Primer B GATCAGTGC ⁇ GGGACCG (1) the PCR cycle takes place as follows: The biopsy cells are deposited in a microtube in a volume of 10 ⁇ l in PBS with addition of 35 ⁇ l of H 2 O, as described above above ; however the tube is placed at 95 ° C for only 2 minutes and the operations continue as described above, except that the samples are transferred for 2 minutes at 55 ° C and that the incubation with "Taq Polymerase” takes place at 69 ° C for 2 minutes and the cycle is repeated 40 times.
- the probe used can be a probe chosen from the probes or fragments of formulas A and 1 to 29. It is possible, for example, with primers of formulas (7) and (1) to use a probe of formula (4):
- the prehybridization is carried out, as is the hybridization, at 65 ° C.
- the hybridization at 65 ° C.
- a very intense male signal distinct from that of females, which is very weak, from 125 picograms of DNA, the equivalent of 25 cells and directly from cells, with 50 male cells, after 30 minutes of autoradiography.
- a specifically male signal is obtained, from 125 picograms of DNA.
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Abstract
Oligonucléotides synthétiques constitués par des fragments d'une sonde moléculaire comprenant une séquence en nucléotides de 49 paires de bases, de formule (A). Application: en tant que sonde moléculaire pour la détermination des sexes d'embryons ou de foetus de mammifères ruminants ou en tant que sonde moléculaire pour le contrôle de la présence de chromosomes Y dans une population de spermatozoïdes.Synthetic oligonucleotides constituted by fragments of a molecular probe comprising a nucleotide sequence of 49 base pairs, of formula (A). Application: as a molecular probe for the determination of the sexes of embryos or fetuses of ruminant mammals or as a molecular probe for checking the presence of Y chromosomes in a population of spermatozoa.
Description
Sondes moléculaires d'ADN spécifique du génome maie du genre BOS. Molecular DNA probes specific for the BOS genus genome
La présente invention est relative à des sondes moléculaires d'ADN spécifique utiles pour la détermination du sexe - ou sexage - d'embryons ou de foetus de ruminants, no¬ tamment de la sous-famille des bovines, et en particulier du genre Bos, présentant des séquences d'ADN spécifique du sexe mâle, ainsi qu'à des séquences flanquantes, ou amorces, pour l'amplification génique de ces sondes ; la présente invention englobe également les applications desdites sondes, de préférence amplifiées à l'aide des séquences flanquantes susdites, et notamment leurs applications à la détermination du sexe d'embryons et de foetus des ruminants susdits, et au contrôle de la présence du chromosome Y dans une population de spermatozoïdes ainsi qu'à la séparation de ladite population en deux groupes comprenant respectivement le chromosome Y et le chromosome X, en vue de l'insémination artificielle.The present invention relates to molecular probes specific DNA useful for sex determination - or sexing - embryos or fetuses of ruminants, no ¬ MENT of the subfamily of cattle, particularly of the genus Bos, having DNA sequences specific for the male sex, as well as flanking sequences, or primers, for the gene amplification of these probes; the present invention also encompasses the applications of said probes, preferably amplified using the above flanking sequences, and in particular their applications to the determination of the sex of embryos and fetuses of the aforementioned ruminants, and to the control of the presence of the Y chromosome in a population of spermatozoa as well as in the separation of said population into two groups respectively comprising the Y chromosome and the X chromosome, for the purpose of artificial insemination.
La Demande Internationale PCT 86/07095 au nom de THE SALK INSTITUTE BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATES, déposée le 30 Mai 1986 en revendiquant une priorité US Sériai Numbβr 739 817 du 31 Mai 1985 et publiée le 4 Décembre 1986, décrit des sondes d'acide nucléique pour le sexage prénatal de mâles du genre Bos, plus particulièrement des races Hereford et Holstein. Ces sondes qui ont pour caractéristique d'être constituées par des acides nucléiques qui hybrident de façon significative avec l'ADN total de mâles d'une des races précitées du genre 3os, sont constituées : a) soit par uh segment qui a sensiblement la même séquence que :PCT International Application 86/07095 on behalf of THE SALK INSTITUTE BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATES, filed on May 30, 1986 claiming priority US Serial Numbβr 739 817 of May 31, 1985 and published on December 4, 1986, describes nucleic acid probes for prenatal sexing of males of the genus Bos, more particularly of the Hereford and Holstein breeds. These probes, which have the characteristic of being constituted by nucleic acids which significantly hybridize with the total DNA of males of one of the abovementioned races of the genus 3os, are constituted: a) either by a segment which has substantially the same sequence that:
. le plus petit fragment PstI du plasmide PES5 (2), . ou le plus petit fragment PstI du plasmide pES8, . ou le fragment EcoRI 6,2 kpb du génome de lambda-ES6,0 ; b) soit par tout segment supérieur à une longueur de 20 pb de l'un quelconque des segments énumé rés sous a) ; c) soit l'un ou l'autre des brins de l'un des segments énumérês sous a) et b) ; d) soit l'ARN simple ou double-brin, présentant la même séquence que l'un des segments énumérês sous a), b) et c) ci-dessus. Cependant, bien que l'ARN soit mentionné dans cette Demande Internationale PCT (voir d) ci-dessus), il semble que les acides nucléiques préférés soient de l'ADN et soient constitués par le fragment EcoRI de 6,2 kpb, 4,0 kpb ou 2,2 kpb du génome de -ES6,0.. the smallest PstI fragment of the plasmid PES5 (2),. or the smallest PstI fragment of the plasmid pES8,. or the 6.2 kbp EcoRI fragment of the lambda-ES6.0 genome; b) or by any segment greater than 20 bp in length from any of the segments listed res under a); c) either one of the strands of one of the segments listed under a) and b); d) either single or double-stranded RNA, having the same sequence as one of the segments listed under a), b) and c) above. However, although RNA is mentioned in this PCT International Application (see d) above), it seems that the preferred nucleic acids are DNA and consist of the EcoRI fragment of 6.2 kbp, 4, 0 kbp or 2.2 kbp of the genome of -ES6.0.
Conformément à cette Demande Internationale, le procédé de sexage des embryons ou des foetus du genre Bos consiste à : - mettre en contact l'ADN de cellules de l'embryon ou du foetus, dans des conditions d'hybridation, avec une ou plusieurs sondes d'hybridation telles que définies plus haut, marquées chacune de façon détectable ;In accordance with this International Application, the process for sexing embryos or fetuses of the genus Bos consists in: - bringing the DNA of cells of the embryo or fetus into contact, under hybridization conditions, with one or more probes hybridization as defined above, each detectably marked;
- vérifier qu'il se produit une hybridation significative entre l'ADN des cellules de l'embryon ou du foetus et la ou les sonde(s) d'hybridation.- check that a significant hybridization takes place between the DNA of the cells of the embryo or fetus and the hybridization probe (s).
Conformément à la Demande Internationale PCT en question, les sondes d'hybridation sont obtenues par nicktranslation et l'ADN d'embryons ou de foetus ne proviendrait que d'au moins 4, mais de préférence d'au moins 10, cellules d' embryons.In accordance with the PCT International Application in question, the hybridization probes are obtained by nicktranslation and the DNA of embryos or fetuses would only come from at least 4, but preferably from at least 10, embryonic cells. .
La Demande Internationale PCT 86/07095 décrit en outre un procédé d'isolement d'un clone d'ADN provenant d'une banque génomique des mâles de l'espèce concernée qui consiste à :PCT International Application 86/07095 further describes a method of isolating a DNA clone from a genomic library of males of the species concerned which consists of:
- cribler la banque génomique par hybridation d'acide nucléique avec une préparation de sonde mâle-spécifique comprenant l'ADN mâle total et l'ADN femelle total de l'espèce, pour identifier les clones de la banque qui comprennent l'ADN qui hybride avec un fragment contenant un segment d'ADN mâle-spécifique, ledit criblage étant réalisé sur un support solide pré-hybridé avec l'ADN femelle total de l'espèce, fragmenté au hasard pour avoir une longueur moyenne d'environ 20 à 1000 nucleotides ; - puis identifier les clones de la banque identifiés au cours du criblage, qui abritent de l'ADN qui hybride considérablement plus avec de l'ADN mâle total de l'espèce qu'avec de l'ADN femelle total de ladite espèce.screening the genomic library by nucleic acid hybridization with a male-specific probe preparation comprising the total male DNA and the total female DNA of the species, in order to identify the clones of the library which comprise the DNA which hybridizes with a fragment containing a segment male-specific DNA, said screening being carried out on a solid support pre-hybridized with the total female DNA of the species, randomly fragmented to have an average length of approximately 20 to 1000 nucleotides; - then identify the clones of the library identified during the screening, which harbor DNA which hybridizes considerably more with total male DNA of the species than with total female DNA of said species.
Dans la pratique, pour permettre l'hybridation détectable avec les faibles quantités d'ADN embryonnaire disponibles dans le petit nombre de cellules susceptibles d'être prélevées chez les embryons ou les foetus à sexer, il est préféré que les acides nucléiques utilisés comme sondes soient marqués par des atomes radioactifs et il semble également préféré de mettre en oeuvre conjointement deux des sondes définies plus haut.In practice, to allow detectable hybridization with the small quantities of embryonic DNA available in the small number of cells capable of being removed from embryos or fetuses to be sexed, it is preferred that the nucleic acids used as probes are marked by radioactive atoms and it also seems preferred to jointly use two of the probes defined above.
Trois sondes mâles-spécifiques ont été obtenues, dont la première correspond au fragment RsAI de 5-6 kpb d'ADN mâle bovin, la seconde au fragment Rsal-EcoRI de 4 kpb d ' ADN mâle bovin et la troisième au fragment EcoRI de 2,2 kpb d'ADN mâle bovin, et leur séquence en nucleotides a été au moins en partie identifiée.Three male-specific probes were obtained, the first of which corresponds to the RsAI fragment of 5-6 kbp of bovine male DNA, the second to the Rsal-EcoRI fragment of 4 kbp of bovine male DNA and the third to the EcoRI fragment of 2 , 2 kbp of bovine male DNA, and their nucleotide sequence has been at least partially identified.
Toutefois, en raison même de leur longueur, il est difficilement envisageable de synthétiser de telles sondes, dont rien n'indique, au demeurant, dans ladite Demande Internationale PCT, quels sont les segments de ces séquences qui sont "spécifiquement" mâles-spécifiques et sont effectivement utiles pour le sexage des embryons, et qui n'ont manifestement pas été identifiés. les Demanderesses ont, de leur coté, isolé une sonde moléculaire d'ADN spécifique du génome mâle de mammifères, notamment du genre Bos - que les Inventeurs sont d'ailleurs parvenus à synthétiser -, dont le profil d'hybridation (déterminé par hybridation de ladite sonde avec de l'ADN génomique mâle gigéré par EcoRI) fait apparaître la la présence d'une bande de l'ordre de 7 kb spécifique du génome mâle du genre Bos (et absente de l'ADN génomique femelle) , laquelle sonde - qui a reçu la dénomination bc.1.2 - comprend 49 paires de bases dont la séquence en nucleotides (A) est la suivante :However, due to their very length, it is difficult to envisage synthesizing such probes, of which nothing indicates, moreover, in said PCT International Application, which segments of these sequences are "specifically" male-specific and are actually useful for sexing embryos, and which have clearly not been identified. the applicants have, for their part, isolated a DNA molecular probe specific for the male genome of mammals, in particular of the genus Bos - which the inventors have moreover managed to synthesize -, the hybridization profile of which (determined by hybridization of said probe with male genomic DNA giganted by EcoRI) reveals the the presence of a band of the order of 7 kb specific for the male genome of the genus Bos (and absent from the female genomic DNA), which probe - which has received the designation bc.1.2 - comprises 49 base pairs, the nucleotide sequence (A) is as follows:
ou un fragment de ladite séquence comportant au moins 11 nucléotides. or a fragment of said sequence comprising at least 11 nucleotides.
Cette sonde est décrite et revendiquée dans une Demande de Brevet déposée en France au nom des Demanderesses en date du 28 Février 1986, sous le N° 86 02811, et ses applications sont décrites et revendiquées, d'une part, dans ladite Demande et, d'autre part, dans une Demande de Certificat d'Addition à cette Demande, qui a été déposée en France, le 9 Septembre 1986, sous le N° 86 12616.This probe is described and claimed in a Patent Application filed in France on behalf of the Applicants dated February 28, 1986, under No. 86 02811, and its applications are described and claimed, on the one hand, in said Application and, on the other hand, in a Request for Certificate of Addition to this Request, which was filed in France, on September 9, 1986, under N ° 86 12616.
Dans le cadre de la poursuite de leurs recherches dans le but de préciser si la spécificité de la reconnaissance du génome mâle pouvait être identifiée dans un segment de la séquence de 49 nucleotides qui constitue la sonde objet de la Demande de Brevet français N° 86 02811, les Inventeurs ont établi qu'à l'intérieur de cette séquence, des segments ou fragments de plusieurs nucleotides consécutifs présentent le profil d'hybridation défini dans leur Demande de Brevet de Février 1986 et sont spécifiques du génome mâle du genre Bos. La possibilité de pouvoir disposer d'une sonde comprenant une séquence en nucleotides de faible longueur présente un intérêt considérable, car elle permet la synthèse à volonté, à des prix de revient industriellement acceptables, d'une telle sonde qui, de ce fait, est totalement pure et ne provoque pas de bruits de fond.As part of their further research in order to clarify whether the specificity of the recognition of the male genome could be identified in a segment of the 49 nucleotide sequence which constitutes the probe which is the subject of French Patent Application No. 86 02811 , the inventors have established that within this sequence, segments or fragments of several consecutive nucleotides exhibit the hybridization profile defined in their patent application of February 1986 and are specific for the male genome of the genus Bos. The possibility of having a probe comprising a short nucleotide sequence is of considerable interest, since it allows the synthesis at will, at industrially acceptable cost prices, of such a probe which, therefore, is completely pure and does not cause background noise.
De plus, les Inventeurs sont parvenus à identifier les segments flanquants desdites sondes, ce qui leur a permis d'amplifier ces dernières et a pour conséquence d'augmen ter leur sensibilité, d'assurer une fiabilité de la détermination du sexe des embryons de l'ordre de 100 %, de réduire le temps nécessaire à une telle détermination.In addition, the Inventors have managed to identify the flanking segments of said probes, which has enabled them to amplify the latter and has the consequence of increasing ter their sensitivity, to ensure a reliability of the sex determination of embryos of the order of 100%, to reduce the time necessary for such a determination.
En outre, les Inventeurs ont pu établir que les segments ou fragments d'ADN de faible longueur mâles-spécifiques qu'ils ont identifiés et synthétisés, peuvent jouer le rôle aussi bien de sondes que de segments flanquants, ou amorces.In addition, the inventors have been able to establish that the segments or fragments of short male-specific DNA which they have identified and synthesized, can play the role of probes as well as flanking segments, or primers.
La présente invention a pour objet des oligonucléotides synthétiques qui sont caractérisés en ce qu'ils sont constitués par des fragments d'une sonde moléculaire comprenant une séquence en nucleotides de 49 paires de bases, de formule A, ci-après : connue en elle-même, et constituant un segment d'ADN spécifique du génome mâle de mammifères ruminants, notamment du genre Bos, lesquels fragments sont eux-mêmes caractérisés en ce qu'ils comprennent au moins 10 bases de ladite séquence A, dont au moins 5 bases consécutives de celle-ci, ainsi que leurs complémentaires ou tout fragment présentant au moins 60 % d'homologie avec lesdits oligonucleotides.The subject of the present invention is synthetic oligonucleotides which are characterized in that they consist of fragments of a molecular probe comprising a nucleotide sequence of 49 base pairs, of formula A, below: known in itself, and constituting a DNA segment specific to the male genome of ruminant mammals, in particular of the genus Bos, which fragments are themselves characterized in that they comprise at least 10 bases of said sequence A, including at least 5 consecutive bases thereof, as well as their complementary or any fragment having at least 60% homology with said oligonucleotides.
Selon un mode de réalisation avantageux de l'invention, les oligonucleotides synthétiques conformes à l'invention sont caractérisés en ce qu'ils sont constitués par des fragments de la sonde moléculaire (A) qui comprennent 17 bases, dont au moins 5 bases consécutives de celle-ci et en ce qu'ils répondent aux formules 1 à 8 ci-après :According to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, the synthetic oligonucleotides according to the invention are characterized in that they consist of fragments of the molecular probe (A) which comprise 17 bases, including at least 5 consecutive bases of this one and in that they respond to formulas 1 to 8 below:
( 1 )(1)
( 2 )(2)
( 3 )(3)
( 4 ) ainsi que leurs complémentaires ou tout fragment présentant au moins 60 % d'homologie avec lesdits oligonucleotides.(4) as well as their complementary or any fragment having at least 60% homology with said oligonucleotides.
Selon un autre mode de réalisation avantageux de l'invention, les oligonucleotides synthétiques conformes à l'invention sont caractérisés en ce qu'ils sont constitués par des fragments de la sonde moléculaire (A) qui comprennent 20 bases chacun et présentent les séquences en nucleotides représentées par les formules (9) a (11), ci-après :According to another advantageous embodiment of the invention, the synthetic oligonucleotides according to the invention are characterized in that they consist of fragments of the molecular probe (A) which comprise 20 bases each and have the nucleotide sequences represented by formulas (9) to (11), below:
ainsi que leurs complémentaires ou un fragment desdites séquences comportant au moins 5 nucleotides consécutifs ou tout fragment présentant au moins 60 % d'homologie avec lesdites séquences. as well as their complementary or a fragment of said sequences comprising at least 5 consecutive nucleotides or any fragment having at least 60% homology with said sequences.
Il est à souligner que la séquence (9) correspond à un fragment de la sonde de 49 pb de formule (A) qui va de la base 1 à la base 20, que la séquence (10) correspond à un fragment de la sonde de 49 pb de formule (A) qui va de la base 21 à la base 40 et que la séquence (11) correspond à un fragment de ladite sonde qui va de la base 11 à la base 30.It should be noted that the sequence (9) corresponds to a fragment of the 49 bp probe of formula (A) which goes from base 1 to base 20, that the sequence (10) corresponds to a fragment of the probe 49 bp of formula (A) which goes from base 21 to base 40 and that the sequence (11) corresponds to a fragment of said probe which goes from base 11 to base 30.
La Demande internationale PCT n° 86/07095 au nom de THE SALK INSTITUTE BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATES INC (en abrégé "SIBIA") déposée le 30 mai 1986 en revendi quant la priorité d'un dépôt initial du 31 mai 1985 aux ETATS-UNIS, a décrit, comme indiqué plus haut, la séquence partielle d'ADN total (chromosomique) extrait de cellules bovines et a notamment décrit les séquences constituant respectivement le fragment Rsal de 5-6 kpb et le fragment EcoRI de 4 kpb de l'ADN mâle bovin et cette Demande a donné la séquence partielle comprenant ces deux fragments.PCT International Application No. 86/07095 in the name of THE SALK INSTITUTE BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRIAL ASSOCIATES INC (abbreviated "SIBIA") filed on May 30, 1986 for resale as for the priority of an initial filing of May 31, 1985 in the UNITED STATES, described, as indicated above, the partial sequence of total (chromosomal) DNA extracted from bovine cells and in particular described the sequences respectively constituting the Rsal fragment of 5-6 kbp and the EcoRI fragment of 4 kbp of bovine male DNA and this Application gave the partial sequence comprising these two fragments.
Les Inventeurs ont, de leur coté, synthétisé un certain nombre de fragments de la séquence d'ADN bovin et ont pu établir que ces fragments, d'une part, sont mâles-spécifiques, et sont aptes à constituer des sondes moléculaires pour le sexage d'embryons et d'autre part, sont apte s à j oue r le rôle d ' amorces -ou segments flanquants- et , par conséquent, à amplifier les fragments de la séquence d'ADN qui jouent le rôle de sondes, notamment la sonde moléculaire (A), ce qui est également le cas des fragments (1) à (8) et (9) à (11) dont chacun peut tout aussi bien jouer le rôle d'amorces -ou segment flanquant- d'un autre de ces fragments utilisé comme sonde, que le rôle de sondé amplifiée par chacun desdits fragments.The inventors have, for their part, synthesized a certain number of fragments of the bovine DNA sequence and have been able to establish that these fragments, on the one hand, are male-specific, and are capable of constituting molecular probes for sexing. of embryos and on the other hand, are capable of playing the role of primers - or flanking segments - and, consequently, of amplifying the fragments of the DNA sequence which play the role of probes, in particular the molecular probe (A), which is also the case for fragments (1) to (8) and (9) to (11) each of which can just as easily act as primers - or flanking segment - of another of these fragments used as probe, that the role of probed amplified by each of said fragments.
Conformément à la présente invention, lesdits fragments de la séquence d'ADN bovin sont caractérisés en ce qu'ils présentent les séquences en nucleotides représentées par les formules (12) à (29) ci-après :In accordance with the present invention, said fragments of the bovine DNA sequence are characterized in that they have the nucleotide sequences represented by the formulas (12) to (29) below:
La présente invention a, de plus, pour objet un procédé d'amplification génique d'une sonde moléculaire d'ADN spécifique du génome mâle de mammifères, notamment de ruminants, plus particulièrement de la sous-famille des bovines et de façon spécifique du genre Bos, laquelle sonde présente l'une des séquences en nucleotides de formules (A) et (1) à (29) ci-dessus, lequel procédé d'amplification consiste à fixer à chacune des extrémités, respectivement, de ladite sonde moléculaire, une séquence flanquante judicieusement choisie parmi les fragments d'ADN de formules (1) à (29) tels que définis plus haut, par hybridation, puis à mettre en oeuvre un processus d'extension enzymatique à l'aide d' ADN-polymérase, suivi d'un processus de άénaturation, et à répéter le cycle hybridation-extension-dénaturation, connu sous le nom de cycle PCR, un nombre de fois suffisant pour augmenter la quantité de la séquence constituant la sonde moléculaire de départ dans une proportion exponentielle par rapport au nombre de cycles mis en oeuvre. Les fragments d'ADN bovin utilisables en tant que sondes moléculaires d'ADN spécifique du génome mâle des mammifères mentionnés plus haut, ou en tant que segments flanquants de ces sondes, identifiés plus haut et, le cas échéant, avantageusement amplifiés conformément à la présente inven- tion, et dûment marqués par un radio-isotope ou par une substance non radioactive appropriée, sont utilisés comme décrit dans la Demande de Brevet français N° 86 02811 et/ou dans son Certificat d'Addition N° 86 12616, pour le sexage des embryons ou des foetus ou pour le contrôle de la présence du chromosome Y dans une population de spermatozoïdes, ou encore pour la séparation des spermatozoïdes en deux populations de spermatozoïdes porteurs respectivement du chromosome Y et du chromosome X en vue de leur utilisation pour l'insémination artificielle. La présente invention a également pour objet un procédé de préparation d'anticorps monoclonaux ou polyclonaux par immunisation de mammifères rongeurs par des fractions de spermatozoïdes porteurs du chromosome Y - ou X - contrôlées par hybridation avec un fragment d'ADN bovin de formule (1 ) à (29), ou une sonde de formule (A), amplifié par une ou plusieurs amorces -ou segments flanquants- de formules (1) à (29). The present invention further relates to a method for gene amplification of a DNA molecular probe specific for the male genome of mammals, especially ruminants, more particularly of the subfamily of cattle and in a genus-specific manner. Bos, which probe has one of the nucleotide sequences of formulas (A) and (1) to (29) above, which amplification method consists in attaching to each of the ends, respectively, of said molecular probe, a flanking sequence judiciously chosen from the DNA fragments of formulas (1) to (29) as defined above, by hybridization, then to implement an enzymatic extension process using DNA polymerase, followed a process of άenaturation, and to repeat the hybridization-extension-denaturation cycle, known as the PCR cycle, a number of times sufficient to increase the quantity of the sequence constituting the starting molecular probe in a e exponential proportion compared to the number of cycles implemented. Bovine DNA fragments which can be used as molecular DNA probes specific for the male genome of mammals mentioned above, or as flanking segments of these probes, identified above and, where appropriate, advantageously amplified in accordance with the present invention, and duly marked with a radioisotope or with an appropriate non-radioactive substance, are used as described in French Patent Application N ° 86 02811 and / or in its Certificate of Addition N ° 86 12616, for the sexing of embryos or fetuses or for checking the presence of the Y chromosome in a sperm population, or for the separation of spermatozoa into two populations of spermatozoa carrying respectively the Y chromosome and the X chromosome with a view to their use for artificial insemination. The present invention also relates to a process for the preparation of monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies by immunization of rodent mammals by sperm fractions carrying the Y- or X-chromosome controlled by hybridization with a bovine DNA fragment of formula (1) to (29), or a probe of formula (A), amplified by one or more primers - or flanking segments - of formulas (1) to (29).
La présente invention a, de plus, pour objet des réactifs immunologiques spécifiques reconnaissant des déter- minants antigeniques contrôlés par les chromosomes X ou Y, ayant servi à l'obtention desdits réactifs et exprimés à la surface des spermatozoïdes, caractérisés en ce qu'ils sont constitués par les anticorps obtenus en mettant en oeuvre le procédé précité, éventuellement purifiés. Outre les dispositions qui précèdent, l'invention comprend encore d'autres dispositions qui ressortiront de la description qui va suivre.The present invention further relates to specific immunological reagents recognizing antigenic determinants controlled by chromosomes X or Y, which have served to obtain said reagents and expressed on the surface of the spermatozoa, characterized in that they consist of the antibodies obtained by implementing the above process, optionally purified. In addition to the foregoing arrangements, the invention also comprises other arrangements which will emerge from the description which follows.
L'invention sera mieux comprise à l'aide du complément de description qui va suivre, qui se réfère à des exem- pies de mise en oeuvre de la présente invention.The invention will be better understood with the aid of the additional description which follows, which refers to examples of implementation of the present invention.
Il doit être bien entendu, toutefois, que ces exemples sont donnés uniquement à titre d'illustration de l'objet de l'invention, dont ils ne constituent en aucune manière une limitation. EXEMPLE 1It should be understood, however, that these examples are given solely by way of illustration of the subject of the invention, of which they do not in any way constitute a limitation. EXAMPLE 1
SYNTHESE ET PURIFICATION DES OLIGONUCLEOTIDES DE SYNTHESE DE FORMULES (1) A (8 ) CONFORMES A L'INVENTIONSYNTHESIS AND PURIFICATION OF SYNTHESIS OLIGONUCLEOTIDES OF FORMULAS (1) TO (8) CONFORM TO THE INVENTION
Ces huit oligonucleotides de 17 paires de bases chacun, comprenant au moins 5 bases consécutives de la sonde moléculaire (A), qui répondent respectivement aux formule (1) sont des fragments de la séquence de 49 pb qui présente la composition en nucleotides (A) indiquée plus haut. Leurs synthèse chimique a été réalisée à l'aide d'un synthétiseur automatique "APPLIED BIOSYSTEMS" selon la technique de phophoramidite en phase solide.These eight oligonucleotides of 17 base pairs each, comprising at least 5 consecutive bases of the molecular probe (A), which correspond respectively to formula (1) are fragments of the 49 bp sequence which has the nucleotide composition (A) indicated above. Their chemical synthesis was carried out using an automatic synthesizer "APPLIED BIOSYSTEMS" according to the technique of phophoramidite in solid phase.
La réaction étant efficace à 95-97 % à chaque stade, il a été nécessaire de purifier le produit final (sous- fragments (1) à (8)) des oligonucleotides intermédiaires. Environ 7 mg du mélange d'oligonucleotides dans 60 μ1 H2O sont séparés par électrophorèse dans urt gel de 20 % polyacrylamide + 8 M urée à 700 V, 38 mA pendant 3 heures. Les bandes correspondant au 17 mer sont repérées à l'aide d'une feuille d'aluminium recouverte de gel de silice, fluorescente à 254 nm (Merck).The reaction being 95-97% efficient at each stage, it was necessary to purify the final product (subfragments (1) to (8)) of the intermediate oligonucleotides. About 7 mg of the mixture of oligonucleotides in 60 μl H 2 O are separated by electrophoresis in urt gel of 20% polyacrylamide + 8 M urea at 700 V, 38 mA for 3 hours. The bands corresponding to the 17th sea are identified using an aluminum sheet coated with silica gel, fluorescent at 254 nm (Merck).
Cette partie du gel est découpée, puis l'ADN élue dans 1,5 ml de la solution 0,5 M CH3COONH4 + 5 mM EDTA sous agitation à 37°C pendant 16 heures. Le surnageant est concentré à environ 300 μ1 et l'urée est éliminée par chromatographie sur une colonne 10 cm x 1 cm de Sephadex G-50 (Pharmacia) équilibré avec le tampon 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7,5 + 1 mM EDTA. L'ADN ainsi isolé est lyophilisé et conservé à -20°C.This part of the gel is cut, then the DNA eluted in 1.5 ml of the 0.5 M solution CH3COONH4 + 5 mM EDTA with stirring at 37 ° C for 16 hours. The supernatant is concentrated to approximately 300 μl and the urea is eliminated by chromatography on a column. 10 cm x 1 cm of Sephadex G-50 (Pharmacia) balanced with the 10 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.5 buffer + 1 mM EDTA. The DNA thus isolated is lyophilized and stored at -20 ° C.
MARQUAGE RADIOACTIF (32P) DES FRAGMENTS (1) A (8) DE SYNTHESE (Monobrin)RADIOACTIVE MARKING (32P) OF SYNTHETIC FRAGMENTS (1) TO (8) (Single strand)
10 à 20 pM des fragments (1) à (8) dans un volume de 3μ1 sont ajoutés à 23μ1 du mélange réactionnel composé de : 100 mM dithiothréitol (2,5 μ1), 10 mM spermidine (2,5 μ1), tampon d'incubation 500 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7,5 + 100 mM MgCl2 (2,5 μ1), 100 μCi (γ-32p) adénosine triphosphate-ATP 3000Ci/ mmole (Amersham) et 20 U T4 polynucléotide kinase (Boehringer). Après Incubation de 30 mn à 37°C, la réaction est arrêtée avec 2μ1 400 mM EDTA et l' oligonuclêotide marqué est séparé de l'ATP par chromatographie sur colonne avec Sephadex G-25.10 to 20 μM of the fragments (1) to (8) in a volume of 3 μl are added to 23 μ1 of the reaction mixture composed of: 100 mM dithiothreitol (2.5 μ1), 10 mM spermidine (2.5 μ1), buffer d incubation 500 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7.5 + 100 mM MgCl2 (2.5 μ1), 100 μCi (γ-32p) adenosine triphosphate-ATP 3000Ci / mmole (Amersham) and 20 U T4 polynucleotide kinase (Boehringer). After incubation for 30 min at 37 ° C, the reaction is stopped with 2μ1 400 mM EDTA and the labeled oligonucleotide is separated from ATP by column chromatography with Sephadex G-25.
PREHYBRIDATION ET HYBRIDATIONPREHYBRIDATION AND HYBRIDATION
Les filtres ou blots sont préhybridés de 40 à 65°C pendant 1 à 4 heures avec un mélange 5xSSPE contenant 0,9 M - NaCl ; 50 mM NaHPO4 pH 7,4 ; 5 mM EDTA pH 7,4 ; 5 x Denhart ; 0,3 mg/ml d'ADN de sperme de saumon soniqué et hydrolyse ; 0,5 % dodecyl sulfate de sodium. L'hybridation est réalisée dans le même mélange. Chacune des sondes radiomarquées au 32P,dénaturées à 100°C pendant deux minutes, est ajoutée dans la solution d'hybridation à 1 à 6x106cpm/ml. L'hybridation est réalisée de 40 à 65° C pendant au moins 1 heure. Après l'hybridation, les filtres sont lavés dans un tampon 2 x SSC plus 0,5 % SDS, une à deux fois à 45°C pendant 30 minutes. Les filtres sont ensuite placés dans une cassette équipée d' intensificateurs "CRONEX" (DUPONT), mise en contact avec un film Kodak XAR-5 pour l'autoradiographie pendant 1 à 16 heures à -70°C. EXEMPLE 2The filters or blots are prehybridized at 40 to 65 ° C for 1 to 4 hours with a 5xSSPE mixture containing 0.9 M - NaCl; 50 mM NaHPO 4 pH 7.4; 5 mM EDTA pH 7.4; 5 x Denhart; 0.3 mg / ml of sonicated salmon sperm DNA and hydrolysis; 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Hybridization is carried out in the same mixture. Each of the 32 P radiolabelled probes, denatured at 100 ° C. for two minutes, is added to the hybridization solution at 1 to 6 × 10 6 cpm / ml. Hybridization is carried out from 40 to 65 ° C for at least 1 hour. After hybridization, the filters are washed in a 2 x SSC buffer plus 0.5% SDS, once or twice at 45 ° C for 30 minutes. The filters are then placed in a cassette fitted with "CRONEX" intensifiers (DUPONT), placed in contact with a Kodak XAR-5 film for autoradiography for 1 to 16 hours at -70 ° C. EXAMPLE 2
SYNTHESE ET PURIFICATION DES OLIGONUCLEOTIDES DE SYNTHESE DE FORMULES (9) A (11) CONFORMES A L'INVENTION Ces trois oligonucleotides de 20 paires de bases chacun qui répondent respectivement aux formules (9) et (10) ci-après :SYNTHESIS AND PURIFICATION OF SYNTHESIS OLIGONUCLEOTIDES OF FORMULAS (9) TO (11) CONFORM TO THE INVENTION These three oligonucleotides of 20 base pairs each one corresponding respectively to formulas (9) and (10) below:
sont des fragments de la séquence de 49 paires de bases de formule (A) dont la séquence (9) comprend les bases 1 à 20 de la séquence (A), alors que la séquence (10) comprend les bases 21 à 40 de ladite séquence (A) et que la séquence (11) comprend les bases 11 à 30 de ladite séquence (A). are fragments of the sequence of 49 base pairs of formula (A) of which the sequence (9) comprises the bases 1 to 20 of the sequence (A), while the sequence (10) comprises the bases 21 to 40 of the said sequence (A) and that the sequence (11) comprises the bases 11 to 30 of said sequence (A).
La synthèse des fragments (9) à (11) a été réalisée en prenant pour modèle la séquence (A).The synthesis of the fragments (9) to (11) was carried out using the sequence (A) as a model.
Cette synthèse chimique a été réalisée à l'aide d'un synthétiseur automatique "Applied Biosystems" selon la technique de phosphoramidite en phase solide.This chemical synthesis was carried out using an automatic "Applied Biosystems" synthesizer according to the phosphoramidite technique in solid phase.
La réaction a été efficace à 95-97 % à chaque stade, il a été nécessaire de purifier le produit final (sous- fragments (9) à (11) - 20 mer) des oligonucleotides intermédiaires. Environ 7 mg du mélange d'oligonucléotides dans 60 μ1 H2O sont séparés par électrophorèse dans le gel de 20 $ polyacrylamide + 8 M urée à 700 V, 38mA pendant 3 heures. Les bandes correspondant au 20 mer sont repérées à l'aide d'une feuille d'aluminium recouverte de gel de silice, fluorescente à 254 nm (Merck). Cette partie du gel est découpée, puis l'ADN élue dans 1,5 ml de la solution 0,5 M CH3COONH4 + 5 mM EDTA sous agitation à 37° C pendant 16 heures. Le surnageant est concentré à environ 300μ1 et l'urée est éliminée par chromatographie sur une colonne 10 cm- x 1 cm de Sephadex G-50 (Pharmacia) équilibré avec le tampon 10 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7,5 + 1 mM EDTA. L'ADN ainsi isolé est lyophilisé et conservé à -20°C. MARQUAGE RADIOACTIF (32P) PES FRAGMENTS (9) A (11) DE SYNTHESE (Monobrin)The reaction was 95-97% efficient at each stage, it was necessary to purify the final product (subfragments (9) to (11) - 20 mer) from the intermediate oligonucleotides. About 7 mg of the mixture of oligonucleotides in 60 μ1 H 2 O are separated by electrophoresis in the gel of $ 20 polyacrylamide + 8 M urea at 700 V, 38mA for 3 hours. The bands corresponding to the sea are identified using an aluminum sheet coated with silica gel, fluorescent at 254 nm (Merck). This part of the gel is cut, then the DNA eluted in 1.5 ml of the 0.5 M CH 3 COONH 4 + 5 mM EDTA solution with stirring at 37 ° C. for 16 hours. The supernatant is concentrated to approximately 300 μl and the urea is eliminated by chromatography on a column 10 cm- x 1 cm of Sephadex G-50 (Pharmacia) balanced with the 10 mM Tris-HC1 buffer pH 7.5 + 1 mM EDTA. The DNA thus isolated is lyophilized and stored at -20 ° C. RADIOACTIVE MARKING (32P) PES FRAGMENTS (9) TO (11) SYNTHESIS (Single strand)
10 à 20 pM des fragments 9 à 11 dans un volume de 3 μ1 sont ajoutés à 23 μ1 du mélange réactionnel composé de : 100 mM dithiothréitol (2,5μ1), 10 mM spermidine (2,5 μ1), tampon d'incubation 500 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7,5 + 100 mM MgCl2 (2,5 μ1), 100 μCi (-32P) adénosine triphosphate-ATP 3000Ci/ mole (Amersham) et 20 U T4 polynucléoide kinase (Boehrin- ger). Après incubation de 30 mn à 37°C, la réaction est arrêtée avec 2μ1 400 mM EDTA et l'oligonucléotide marqué est séparé de l'ATP par chromatographie sur colonne avec Sephadex G-50. PREHYBRIDATION ET HYBRIDATION Les filtres ou blots sont préhybridés à 55° C pendant 4 heures avec un mélange 5xSSPE contenant 0,9 M NaC1 ; 50 mM NaHPO4 pH 7,4 ; 5 mM EDTA PH 7,4 ; 5 x Denhart ; 0,3 mg/ml d'ADN de sperme de saumon soniqué et hydrolyse ; 0,5 % dodecyl sulfate de sodium. L'hybridation est réalisée dans le même mélange. Chacun des fragments radiomarques au 52P, dénaturés à 100°C pendant deux minutes, est ajouté dans la solution d'hybridation à 1 à 2 x 10°cpm/mlL10 to 20 μM of fragments 9 to 11 in a volume of 3 μl are added to 23 μ1 of the reaction mixture composed of: 100 mM dithiothreitol (2.5μ1), 10 mM spermidine (2.5 μ1), incubation buffer 500 mM Tris-HC1 pH 7.5 + 100 mM MgCl2 (2.5 μ1), 100 μCi (-32P) adenosine triphosphate-ATP 3000Ci / mole (Amersham) and 20 U T4 polynucleoide kinase (Boehringer). After incubation for 30 min at 37 ° C, the reaction is stopped with 2μ1 400 mM EDTA and the labeled oligonucleotide is separated from ATP by column chromatography with Sephadex G-50. PREHYBRIDATION AND HYBRIDATION The filters or blots are prehybridized at 55 ° C for 4 hours with a 5xSSPE mixture containing 0.9 M NaC1; 50 mM NaHPO 4 pH 7.4; 5 mM EDTA PH 7.4; 5 x Denhart; 0.3 mg / ml of sonicated salmon sperm DNA and hydrolysis; 0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate. Hybridization is carried out in the same mixture. Each of the 52P radiolabelled fragments, denatured at 100 ° C for two minutes, is added to the hybridization solution at 1 to 2 x 10 ° cpm / mlL
L'hybridation est réalisée à 55° C pendant au moins 1 heure Après, l'hybridation, les filtres sont lavés dans un tampon 6 x SSC plus 0,1 % SDS, une à deux fois à 65°C pendant 20 minutes. Les filtres sont ensuite placés dans une cassette équipée d'intensificateurs 'CRONEX" (DUPONT), mise en contact avec un film Kodak XAR-5 pour l'autoradiographie pendant 7 à 36 heures à -70°C. EXEMPLE 5Hybridization is carried out at 55 ° C for at least 1 hour. After hybridization, the filters are washed in a 6 x SSC buffer plus 0.1% SDS, once or twice at 65 ° C for 20 minutes. The filters are then placed in a cassette fitted with “CRONEX” intensifiers (DUPONT), placed in contact with a Kodak XAR-5 film for autoradiography for 7 to 36 hours at -70 ° C. EXAMPLE 5
SYNTHESE ET PURIFICATION DES OLIGONUCLEOTIDES DE SYNTHESESYNTHESIS AND PURIFICATION OF SYNTHESIS OLIGONUCLEOTIDES
DE FORMULES (12) A (29)FROM FORMULAS (12) TO (29)
On procède comme décrit à l'Exemple 1, pour préparer les fragments d'ADN de formules (12) à (29). EXEMPLE 4The procedure is as described in Example 1, to prepare the DNA fragments of formulas (12) to (29). EXAMPLE 4
DETERMINATION DU SEXE DES EMBRYONS BOVINS PAR HYBRIDATION IN SITU AVEC DES FRAGMENTS D'ADN BIOTINYLES(NON-RADIOACTIFS) DE FORMULES (1 ) A (29) A. Préparation des cellules Les cellules utilisées proviennent d'embryons bovins âgés de 7 à 8 jours de gestation. Après avoir été disséquées, les cellules sont déposées sur une lame et incubées pendant 10 à 15 minutes dans une solution de fixateur tel que le mélange alcool-acide acétique (3 : 1 v/v) puis séchées à l'air. Les lames sont utilisées immédiatement ou, en cas de sexage différé, conservées à 4°C à l'abri des poussières.DETERMINATION OF SEX OF BOVINE EMBRYOS BY IN SITU HYBRIDIZATION WITH BIOTINYL DNA FRAGMENTS OF FORMULAS (1) A (29) A. Preparation of cells The cells used come from embryos cattle 7 to 8 days gestation. After being dissected, the cells are placed on a slide and incubated for 10 to 15 minutes in a fixative solution such as the alcohol-acetic acid mixture (3: 1 v / v) and then air-dried. The blades are used immediately or, in the event of delayed sexing, stored at 4 ° C away from dust.
B. Biotinylation des fragments d'ADN de formules (1) à (29). La biotinylation desdits fragments s'effectue par addition en 3' de dUTP biotiné ou tout autre désoxynucléo- tide biotiné à l'aide de l'enzymeterminal-transférase (Boehringer).B. Biotinylation of the DNA fragments of formulas (1) to (29). The biotinylation of said fragments is carried out by adding 3 ′ of biotinated dUTP or any other biotinized deoxynucleotide using the enzymeterminal transferase (Boehringer).
10 à 20 pM respectivement des fragments synthétisés sont ajoutés à 100μ1 du mélange réactionnel composé de : 140 mM cacodylate de potassium ; 30 mM Tris-HCl pH 7,6 ; 0,1 mM dithiothréitol ; 1 mM CoC12 + 0,02 mM de dUTP biotinylé et 1 à 2 unités d'enzyme terminal-transférase.10 to 20 μM respectively of the synthesized fragments are added to 100 μl of the reaction mixture composed of: 140 mM potassium cacodylate; 30 mM Tris-HCl pH 7.6; 0.1 mM dithiothreitol; 1 mM CoC1 2 + 0.02 mM biotinylated dUTP and 1 to 2 units of terminal transferase enzyme.
Après incubation de 1 heure à 37°C, l'oligonucléotide marqué est séparé par chromatographie sur colonne avec Sephadex 25 superfine.After incubation for 1 hour at 37 ° C., the labeled oligonucleotide is separated by column chromatography with Sephadex 25 superfine.
C . Technique d ' hyb ridation sur lames .VS . Hybridization technique on blades.
Les lames sont incubées avec 90 à 100μ1 de liquide d'hybridation et recouvertes d'un film plastique (pour éviter l'évaporation).The slides are incubated with 90 to 100μ1 of hybridization liquid and covered with a plastic film (to avoid evaporation).
Après dénaturation pendant 10 mn dans un four à 100°C, les lames sont. mises en chambre humide et incubées à 55°C pendant 16 heures.After denaturing for 10 min in an oven at 100 ° C, the slides are. put in a humid chamber and incubated at 55 ° C for 16 hours.
La composition finale du liquide d'hybridation est :The final composition of the hybridization liquid is:
. 0,9 M NaC1 . 5 mM EDTA . 50 mM NaHP04 pH 7,4 . 5 x Denhart . 0,5 % SDS (5 x Denhart = 0,1 % BSA, ou 0,1 % lait écrémé en poudre ;. 0.9 M NaC1. 5 mM EDTA. 50 mM NaHP0 4 pH 7.4. 5 x Denhart. 0.5% SDS (5 x Denhart = 0.1% BSA, or 0.1% skimmed milk powder;
0,1 % polyvinylpyrrolidone 0,1 % Ficoll); Après avoir ôté le film plastique, les lames sont lavées successivement en solution 6 x SSC (2 x 30 minutes à 55°C), puis en PBS pH 7,4 additionné de 0,1 % v/v de Triton X - 100 et 0,5 % (p/v) de lait écrémé en poudre (Régilait). D. Révélation. Les lames encore humides après avoir ôté l'excédent de fluide sont alors incubées 1 heure à 37° C avec un anticorps de chère antibiotine ou un anticorps de lapin antibiotine. Cet anticorps est vendu purifié par chromatographie d'affinité (Vector Laboratories réf. SP-3000) et est utilisé dans nos tests, dilué au 1:350 dans du PBS pH 7,4 + 0,1 % (v/v) Triton x - 100 + 0,5 % (p/v) lait écrémé en poudre.0.1% polyvinylpyrrolidone 0.1% Ficoll); After removing the plastic film, the slides are washed successively in 6 x SSC solution (2 x 30 minutes at 55 ° C), then in PBS pH 7.4 added with 0.1% v / v of Triton X - 100 and 0.5% (w / v) skimmed milk powder (Régilait). D. Revelation. The slides, still wet after removing the excess fluid, are then incubated for 1 hour at 37 ° C. with a dear antibody to antibiotin or a rabbit antibody to antibiotin. This antibody is sold purified by affinity chromatography (Vector Laboratories ref. SP-3000) and is used in our tests, diluted 1: 350 in PBS pH 7.4 + 0.1% (v / v) Triton x - 100 + 0.5% (w / v) skimmed milk powder.
Après un lavage de 15 minutes à température ambiante dans PBS pH 7,4 + 0,1 % (v/v) Triton x - 100 + 0,5 % (p/v) lait écrémé en poudre, les lames sont alors incubées 1 heure à 37°C avec un anticorps conventionnel de lapin anti-chèvre ou de chèvre anti-lapin couplé à la peroxydase (Biosys réf. BI 2403) dilué 1:40 dans PBS pH 7,4 + Triton 0,1% + lait écrémé en poudre 0,5%. Les lames sont ensuite lavées deux fois 15 minutes dans PBS pH 7,4 contenant cette fois 0,1 % (v/v) de Tween - 20 et finalement dans du PBS pH 7,4 pendant 5 minutes.After washing for 15 minutes at room temperature in PBS pH 7.4 + 0.1% (v / v) Triton x - 100 + 0.5% (w / v) skimmed milk powder, the slides are then incubated 1 hour at 37 ° C with a conventional rabbit anti-goat or goat anti-rabbit antibody coupled to peroxidase (Biosys ref. BI 2403) diluted 1:40 in PBS pH 7.4 + Triton 0.1% + skimmed milk 0.5% powder. The slides are then washed twice 15 minutes in PBS pH 7.4, this time containing 0.1% (v / v) of Tween-20 and finally in PBS pH 7.4 for 5 minutes.
On procède à une incubation de 5 à 8 minutes à température ambiante avec une solution de diaminobenzidine (DAB SIGMA réf. D 8001) à 0,5 mg/ml dans PBS pH 7,4 contenant 0,01% de H2O2.Incubation is carried out for 5 to 8 minutes at room temperature with a diaminobenzidine solution (DAB SIGMA ref. D 8001) at 0.5 mg / ml in PBS pH 7.4 containing 0.01% H 2 O 2 .
Le précipité formé par l'action de la peroxydase sur la DAB est amplifié par précipitation successive de sels d'or et d'argent selon le procédé décrit par BURNS et al (Journal Clinical Pathology 1985, 35, 1085-1092) : Dans un premier temps on dépose 50 à 100μ1 par lame d'une solution 2,5 mM de chloroaurate de Na (NaAuCl4 BDH réf. 30125 2R) et on incube 5 mn à température ambiante. Après un lavage de 5 mn dans de l'eau distillée, les lames sont incubées 5 mn à température ambiante avec 50 à 100μ1 d'une solution 0,1 M de sulfure de Na (Na2S, SIGMA réf. S 2006), rincées 5 mn à l'eau distillée et incubées 4 à 8 minutes avec 100 à 300μ1 de réactif à l'argent.The precipitate formed by the action of peroxidase on DAB is amplified by successive precipitation of gold and silver salts according to the method described by BURNS et al (Journal Clinical Pathology 1985, 35, 1085-1092): Firstly, 50 to 100 μl are deposited per slide of a 2.5 mM solution of Na chloroaurate (NaAuCl 4 BDH ref. 30125 2R) and incubated for 5 min at room temperature. After washing for 5 min in distilled water, the slides are incubated for 5 min at room temperature with 50 to 100 μl of a 0.1 M solution of Na sulphide (Na 2 S, SIGMA ref. S 2006), rinsed 5 min with distilled water and incubated 4 to 8 minutes with 100 to 300 μl of silver reagent.
La composition du réactif à l'argent est la suivante :The composition of the silver reagent is as follows:
A Carbonate de Na 0,24 M (SIGMA réf. S 4132) B1 Nitrate d'Ammonium 13 mM (SIGMA réf. A 9642) B2 Nitrate d'Argent 6 mM (BDH réf. 303873N) B3 Ac. Dodecatungsto- silicique 1 , 5 mM (BDH réf. 305453R)A 0.24 M Na carbonate (SIGMA ref. S 4132) B1 Ammonium nitrate 13 mM (SIGMA ref. A 9642) B2 Silver nitrate 6 mM (BDH ref. 303873N) B3 Ac. 1.5 mM Dodecatungstosilicon (BDH ref. 305453R)
B4 Formaldéhyde 37% 0,6μ1/ml (SIGMA réf. F 1635)B4 37% formaldehyde 0.6μ1 / ml (SIGMA ref. F 1635)
Le réactif à l'argent est préparé en mélangeant successivement et sous agitation les solutions B1 - B2 - B3 - B4. Le mélange obtenu est additionné 1:1 à la. solution A et le réactif ainsi préparé est utilisé immédiatement.The silver reagent is prepared by successively mixing the solutions B1 - B2 - B3 - B4 with stirring. The mixture obtained is added 1: 1 to the. solution A and the reagent thus prepared is used immediately.
Après le traitement au réactif a l'argent, les lames sont lavées à 1'H2O distillée pendant 15 minutes, puis dans l'acide acétique 1% (v/v) 2 fois 15 minutes et enfin colorées pendant 1 minute en Pyronin Y (SYGMA réf. P 7017) 1% en H2O, rincées pendant quelques secondes à l'eau distillée, séchées à l'air chaud et montées en DPX. EXEMPLE 5After the silver reagent treatment, the slides are washed with distilled H 2 O for 15 minutes, then in 1% acetic acid (v / v) 2 times 15 minutes and finally stained for 1 minute in Pyronin Y (SYGMA ref. P 7017) 1% H 2 O, rinsed for a few seconds with distilled water, dried with hot air and mounted in DPX. EXAMPLE 5
CONTROLE DE LA QUALITE DU TRI D'UNE POPULATION DE SPERMATO- ZOIDES BOVINS AVEC LES SONDES D'ADN SPECIFIQUES DU SEXE MALE CONFORMES A L'INVENTION. Préparation des cellulesCONTROL OF THE QUALITY OF THE SORTING OF A POPULATION OF CATTLE SPERMATOZOIDES WITH THE DNA PROBES SPECIFIC FOR MALE SEX IN ACCORDANCE WITH THE INVENTION. Cell preparation
Les cellules utilisées sont des spermatozoïdes de taureau congelés et stockés dans l'azote liquide. On décongèle une paillette, soit environ 13 000 000 de spermatozoïdes vivants. Les paillettes sont réchauffées pendant 30 secondes à 37°C puis le sperme dilué dans 1 ml de PBS stérile.The cells used are frozen bull sperm stored in liquid nitrogen. We thaw a straw, about 13,000,000 sperm living. The straws are warmed for 30 seconds at 37 ° C. then the sperm diluted in 1 ml of sterile PBS.
On procède à une série de centrifugations dans le but d'éliminer au maximum le milieu de congélation. La suspension des spermatozoïdes en PBS est d'abord centrifugée pendant 10 mn à 500 g, le surnageant aspiré et les spermatozoïdes repris en 1 ml de 0,11 M citrate de sodium. On centrifuge 10 mn à 500 g. On aspire le surnageant, on reprend en 1 ml de 0,11 M citrate de sodium + 5% DMSO, on centrifuge 10 mn à 500 g. On aspire le surnageant, on resuspend dansA series of centrifugations is carried out with the aim of eliminating the freezing medium as much as possible. The suspension of the spermatozoa in PBS is first centrifuged for 10 min at 500 g, the supernatant aspirated and the spermatozoa taken up in 1 ml of 0.11 M sodium citrate. Centrifuge for 10 min at 500 g. The supernatant is aspirated, the residue is taken up in 1 ml of 0.11 M sodium citrate + 5% DMSO, and centrifuged for 10 min at 500 g. We aspirate the supernatant, we resuspend in
1 ml de 0,11 M citrate de sodium + 15% DMSO. On centrifuge1 ml of 0.11 M sodium citrate + 15% DMSO. We centrifuge
10 mn à 500 g. On aspire le surnageant, on resuspend dans10 min at 500 g. We aspirate the supernatant, we resuspend in
1 ml de 0,11 M citrate de sodium + 50% DMSO. On centrifuge 10 mn à 500 g. On aspire le surnageant; on resuspend dans 1 ml de 0,11 M citrate de sodium dans du Tris-HCl 0,1 M pH 7,4. On centrifuge 10 mn à 500 g. On aspire le surnageant et on resuspend dans 250μ1 de ce même tampon.1 ml of 0.11 M sodium citrate + 50% DMSO. Centrifuge for 10 min at 500 g. The supernatant is aspirated; it is resuspended in 1 ml of 0.11 M sodium citrate in 0.1 M Tris-HCl pH 7.4. Centrifuge for 10 min at 500 g. The supernatant is aspirated and resuspended in 250 μl of this same buffer.
A ce stade, les cellules sont soit déposées sur lame (30 - 40μ1 de suspension de spermatozoïdes par lame) et traitées par hybridation in situ avec une des sondes de formules (1) à (29) biotinylées, soit déposées sur filtre et hybridées selon la technique des dot-blots avec l'une des sondes de formules (1) à (29) marquées à l'aide de nucleotides radioactifs. EXEMPLE 6At this stage, the cells are either deposited on a slide (30 - 40 μl of sperm suspension per slide) and treated by in situ hybridization with one of the probes of formulas (1) to (29) biotinylated, or deposited on a filter and hybridized according to the dot-blot technique with one of the probes of formulas (1) to (29) labeled with radioactive nucleotides. EXAMPLE 6
AMPLIFICATION GENIQUE IN VITRO DES SONDES MOLECULAIRES D'ADN SPECIFIQUES DU GENOME MALE DE MAMMIFERES RUMINANTS, NOTAMMENT DU GENRE BOS.IN VITRO GENE AMPLIFICATION OF MOLECULAR DNA PROBES SPECIFIC TO THE MALE GENOME OF RUMINANT MAMMALS, ESPECIALLY OF THE GENUS BOS.
Le processus d'amplification génique in vitro est basé sur des cycles successifs-d'hybridation des sondes avec des "amorces" oligonucléotidiques (les "amorces" sont des segments flanquants et, spécifiquement, dans le cas présent, l'un quelconque des fragments de formules (1) à (29)), -d'extension à partir des "amorces", à l'aide de l'enzyme ADN-polymé- rase et - de dénaturation , par exemple selon un processus dit PCR ("Polymerase chain reaction") décrit par la Société CETUS CORPORATION (cf. notamment MULLIS et Al., COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY, Vol. I-I, 1986, pages 263-272). Les cellules d'une biopsie sont déposées dans un microtube sous un volume de 1 Oμl dans du PBS - 35μ1 d'H2θ sont ajoutés, puis le tube est placé à 95 °C pendant 10 minutes pour lyser les cellules et dénaturer l'ADN. Dans le lysat est ajouté 55μ1 du tampon PCR (50 mM KC1, 10 mM Tris pH 8,3, 8 mM MgC12, 1 μM d'amorce A à fixer à l'une des extrémités de la sonde, 1 μM d'amorce B à fixer à l'autre extrémité de la sonde, 1,5 mM d'ATP,1,5 mM dCTP, 1,5 mM dTTP, 1,5 mM dGTP. Les échantillons sont ensuite transférés à une tempêra- ture appropriée pour 2 minutes de façon à ce que les amorces se fixent. L'extension des brins est initiée par l'addition de 4 unités de "Taq Polymerase" (CETUS CORPORATION) et l'incubation à 69°C pendant 2 minutes. Ce cycle est répété de 30 à 40 fois. Les échantillons sont ensuite dénaturés dans une solution 0,4 N NaOH, 25 mM EDTA et déposés sur une membrane Nylon manuellement ou à l'aide d'un appareil à dot-blot. La répétition de ce cycle à 30 à 40 reprises procure une augmentation de 1 x 1012 fois de la quantité de la séquence de départ qui constitue la sonde proprement dite.The in vitro gene amplification process is based on successive cycles of hybridization of the probes with oligonucleotide "primers" (the "primers" are flanking segments and, specifically, in the present case, any of the fragments of formulas (1) to (29)), -extension from "primers", using the DNA polymerase enzyme and - denaturation, for example according to a process said PCR ("Polymerase chain reaction") described by the company CETUS CORPORATION (cf. in particular MULLIS et Al., COLD SPRING HARBOR SYMPOSIA ON QUANTITATIVE BIOLOGY, Vol. II, 1986, pages 263-272). The cells of a biopsy are placed in a microtube in a volume of 1 Oμl in PBS - 35μ1 of H2θ are added, then the tube is placed at 95 ° C for 10 minutes to lyse the cells and denature the DNA. 55 μl of PCR buffer (50 mM KC1, 10 mM Tris pH 8.3, 8 mM MgC1 2 , 1 μM of primer A to be fixed at one of the ends of the probe, 1 μM of primer are added to the lysate B to be fixed at the other end of the probe, 1.5 mM ATP, 1.5 mM dCTP, 1.5 mM dTTP, 1.5 mM dGTP The samples are then transferred to an appropriate temperature for 2 minutes so that the primers are fixed The strand extension is initiated by the addition of 4 units of "Taq Polymerase" (CETUS CORPORATION) and incubation at 69 ° C for 2 minutes. repeated 30 to 40 times The samples are then denatured in a 0.4 N NaOH solution, 25 mM EDTA and deposited on a nylon membrane manually or using a dot-blot apparatus. The repetition of this cycle 30 to 40 times provides a 1x10 12- fold increase in the amount of the starting sequence that makes up the probe itself.
Les membranes sont ensuite neutralisées puis séchées à 80°C, préhybridées et hvbridées à 40 ou à 65° C selon l'amorce mise en oeuvre, dans un tampon 5 x SSPE, 5 x Denhart, 0,5 % SDS contenant les sondes radiomarquées en 5' - terminal avec /γ32p / ATP à l'aide de l'enzyme polynucléotide-kinase.The membranes are then neutralized and then dried at 80 ° C, prehybridized and hybridized at 40 or 65 ° C depending on the primer used, in a buffer 5 x SSPE, 5 x Denhart, 0.5% SDS containing the radiolabelled probes in 5 '- terminal with / γ 32 p / ATP using the polynucleotide kinase enzyme.
Les sondes (49 mer ou 17 mer ou 20 mer) peuvent être soit radioactives. Boit marquées avec la biotiné ou un autre composé froid. L'hybridation est effectuée de 40 à 60°C pendant 1 heure. Les membranes sont ensuite lavées 2 fois dans duThe probes (49 sea or 17 sea or 20 sea) can be either radioactive. Drink marked with biotiné or another cold compound. Hybridization is carried out at 40 to 60 ° C for 1 hour. The membranes are then washed twice in
2 x SSPE, 0,1 % SDS à température ambiante, suivi d'un lavage à 45°C dans le même tampon pendant 10 minutes. Pour les sondes radioactives, l'autoradiographie est effectuée pendant 30 minutes à 10 heures à -80°C avec écran intensificateur. Pour les sondes froides, la mise en évidence de l'hybridation se fait par une suite de réactions immunocytochimiques décrites à l'Exemple 3 ci-dessus. Dans le cas d'un exemple spécifique dans lequel les amorces A et B sont respectivement le fragment de formule (7) et le fragment de formule (1) :2 x SSPE, 0.1% SDS at room temperature, followed by washing at 45 ° C in the same buffer for 10 minutes. For radioactive probes, autoradiography is performed for 30 minutes to 10 hours at -80 ° C with intensifying screen. For cold probes, the hybridization is demonstrated by a series of immunocytochemical reactions described in Example 3 above. In the case of a specific example in which the primers A and B are respectively the fragment of formula (7) and the fragment of formula (1):
Amorce A (7) Primer A (7)
Amorce B : GATCAGTGCÂGGGACCG (1) le cycle PCR se déroule de la façon suivante : Les cellules de biopsie sont déposées dans un microtube sous un volume de 10 u1 dans du PBS avec addition de 35 u1 d'H2O, comme décrit ci-dessus ; toutefois le tube est placé à 95°C pendant seulement 2 minutes et les opérations se poursuiventcomme décrit plus haut, à ceci près que les échantillons sont transférés pendant 2 minutes à 55°C et que l'incubation avec la "Taq Polymerase" a lieu à 69°C pendant 2 minutes et le cycle est répété 40 fois.Primer B: GATCAGTGCÂGGGACCG (1) the PCR cycle takes place as follows: The biopsy cells are deposited in a microtube in a volume of 10 μl in PBS with addition of 35 μl of H 2 O, as described above above ; however the tube is placed at 95 ° C for only 2 minutes and the operations continue as described above, except that the samples are transferred for 2 minutes at 55 ° C and that the incubation with "Taq Polymerase" takes place at 69 ° C for 2 minutes and the cycle is repeated 40 times.
Avec d'autres amorces il pourra être recommandé de réaliser l'Incubation avec la "Taq Polymerase" à une température inférieure, de l'ordre de 37°C par exemple, ou de réaliser l'incubation dans certains cycles à cette température et à 55°C dans d'autres cycles, les durées étant opportunément légèrement prolongées ou réduites selon les amorces mises en oeuvre.With other primers it may be recommended to carry out the incubation with the "Taq Polymerase" at a lower temperature, of the order of 37 ° C. for example, or to carry out the incubation in certain cycles at this temperature and at 55 ° C in other cycles, the times being suitably slightly extended or reduced depending on the primers used.
La sonde mise en oeuvre peut être une sonde choisie parmi les sondes ou fragments de formules A et 1 à 29. On pourra, par exemple, avec des amorces de formules (7) et (1) utiliser une sonde de formule (4) : The probe used can be a probe chosen from the probes or fragments of formulas A and 1 to 29. It is possible, for example, with primers of formulas (7) and (1) to use a probe of formula (4):
En pareil cas, la préhybridation est effectuée, de même que l'hybridation, à 65°C. Avec ce système on obtient un signal mâle très intense, distinct de celui des femelles, qui est très faible, à partir de 125 picogrammes d'ADN, soit l'équivalent de 25 cellules et directement à partir de cellules, avec 50 cellules mâles, après 30 minutes d' autoradiographie. De la même manière, en utilisant, par exemple, comme sonde un fragment de formule (2) ou de formule (3) avec des amorces respectivement de formules (8) et (5), on obtient un signal spécifiquement mâle, à partir de 125 picogrammes d'ADN.In such a case, the prehybridization is carried out, as is the hybridization, at 65 ° C. With this system we get a very intense male signal, distinct from that of females, which is very weak, from 125 picograms of DNA, the equivalent of 25 cells and directly from cells, with 50 male cells, after 30 minutes of autoradiography. In the same way, by using, for example, as a probe a fragment of formula (2) or of formula (3) with primers respectively of formulas (8) and (5), a specifically male signal is obtained, from 125 picograms of DNA.
Bien que la description qui précède ait essentiellement fait état du rôle joué par les sondes de formules. (1) à (29) pour la détermination du sexe des embryons de bovins, le contrôle de la présence du chromosome Y dans une population de spermatozoïdes et la séparation de cette dernière en deux groupes comprenant respectivement le chromosome Y et le chromosome X en vue de leur utilisation pour l'insémination artificielle, l'on comprendra aisément que ce rôle puisse s'étendre à d'autres animaux dans la mesure où ces derniers présentent des séquences d'ADN spécifique du sexe mâle similaires à celles desdits embryons de bovins ; de même, le rôle des sondes de formules (1) à (29) tel que décrit dans ce qui précède, est uniquement donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif et peut d'étendre à la recherche d'autres séquences spécifiques du sexe mâle.Although the foregoing description has essentially referred to the role played by the formula probes. (1) to (29) for the determination of the sex of bovine embryos, the control of the presence of the Y chromosome in a sperm population and the separation of the latter into two groups comprising respectively the Y chromosome and the X chromosome from their use for artificial insemination, it will easily be understood that this role can be extended to other animals insofar as the latter present DNA sequences specific to the male sex similar to those of said bovine embryos; similarly, the role of the probes of formulas (1) to (29) as described in the foregoing, is only given by way of nonlimiting example and may extend to the search for other sequences specific for the male sex .
Ainsi que cela ressort de ce qui précède, l'invention ne se limite nullement à ceux de ces modes de mise en oeuvre, de réalisation et d'application qui viennent d'être décrits de façon plus explicite ; elle en embrasse au contraire toutes les variantes qui peuvent venir à l'esprit du technicien en la matière, sans s'écarter du cadre, ni de la portée de la présente invention. As is apparent from the above, the invention is in no way limited to those of these modes of implementation, embodiment and application which have just been described more explicitly; on the contrary, it embraces all the variants which may come to the mind of the technician in the matter, without departing from the scope or the scope of the present invention.
Claims
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
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FR8711975A FR2619819B1 (en) | 1987-08-27 | 1987-08-27 | MOLECULAR DNA PROBES SPECIFIC TO THE MALE GENOME OF RUMINANTS, ESPECIALLY FROM THE BOVINE SUB-FAMILY AND PARTICULARLY OF THE GENUS BOS, FLANKING SEQUENCES FOR THE AMPLIFICATION OF THESE PROBES AND APPLICATIONS OF SAID PROBES |
FR8711975 | 1987-08-27 |
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EP0377624A1 true EP0377624A1 (en) | 1990-07-18 |
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EP19880907713 Withdrawn EP0377624A1 (en) | 1987-08-27 | 1988-08-25 | Specific dna molecular probes for bos-type male genome |
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EP (1) | EP0377624A1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPH03503357A (en) |
AU (1) | AU621556B2 (en) |
DK (1) | DK51690A (en) |
FR (1) | FR2619819B1 (en) |
IN (1) | IN167595B (en) |
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FR2648151B1 (en) * | 1989-06-08 | 1991-12-20 | Michel Georges | MINISATELLITE CATTLE SPECIFIC TO CHROMOSOME Y OF BOVINES |
WO1991017188A1 (en) * | 1990-05-08 | 1991-11-14 | A.B. Technolody Pty. Limited | Separation of mammalian semen into fractions enriched either for spermatozoa containing an x chromosome or for spermatozoa contai ning a y chromosome |
JP2593021B2 (en) * | 1991-12-13 | 1997-03-19 | 伊藤ハム株式会社 | How to identify bovine embryo sex |
US9879222B2 (en) | 2007-12-14 | 2018-01-30 | Mofa Group Llc | Gender-specific separation of sperm cells and embryos |
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US4448767A (en) * | 1977-10-11 | 1984-05-15 | Sumar Corporation | Preparation of monospecific male-specific antibody and the use thereof for increasing the percentage of mammalian offspring of either sex |
FR2566911A1 (en) * | 1984-06-29 | 1986-01-03 | Pasteur Institut | PROBE AND METHOD FOR THE DIAGNOSIS OF THE SEX OF A HUMAN EMBRYO |
DE3680156D1 (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1991-08-14 | Amoco Corp | REINFORCING HYBRIDIZATION SIGNALS BY USING COMPLEMENTARY DNA STRINGS. |
US4769319A (en) * | 1985-05-31 | 1988-09-06 | Salk Institute Biotechnology Industrial Associates, Inc. | Nucleic acid probes for prenatal sexing |
FR2603701B2 (en) * | 1986-02-28 | 1990-09-21 | Agronomique Inst Nat Rech | APPLICATIONS OF MOLECULAR DNA PROBES OF THE MALE MAMMALIAN GENOME, ESPECIALLY OF THE GENUS BOS, FOR THE CONTROL OF THE PRESENCE OF CHROMOSOME Y IN A POPULATION OF SPERMATOZOIDES AND IN THE SEPARATION OF SPERMATOZOIDS INTO TWO POPULATIONS OF SPERMATOZOID AND RESPECTIVE CARRIERS CHROMOSOME X FOR THEIR USE FOR ARTIFICIAL INSEMINATION |
AU614494B2 (en) * | 1986-08-12 | 1991-09-05 | Australian National University, The | Sex determination in ruminants using y-chromosome specific polynucleotides |
AU628800B2 (en) * | 1988-01-29 | 1992-09-24 | Advanced Riverina Holdings Limited | Determination of genetic sex in ruminants using y-chromosome-specific polynucleotides |
-
1987
- 1987-08-27 FR FR8711975A patent/FR2619819B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1988
- 1988-08-25 EP EP19880907713 patent/EP0377624A1/en not_active Withdrawn
- 1988-08-25 WO PCT/FR1988/000427 patent/WO1989001978A1/en not_active Application Discontinuation
- 1988-08-25 AU AU23218/88A patent/AU621556B2/en not_active Ceased
- 1988-08-25 JP JP88507066A patent/JPH03503357A/en active Pending
- 1988-08-26 NZ NZ225953A patent/NZ225953A/en unknown
- 1988-08-30 IN IN609/MAS/88A patent/IN167595B/en unknown
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1990
- 1990-02-27 DK DK051690A patent/DK51690A/en unknown
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AU621556B2 (en) | 1992-03-19 |
WO1989001978A1 (en) | 1989-03-09 |
FR2619819B1 (en) | 1990-08-10 |
FR2619819A1 (en) | 1989-03-03 |
IN167595B (en) | 1990-11-17 |
JPH03503357A (en) | 1991-08-01 |
DK51690D0 (en) | 1990-02-27 |
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DK51690A (en) | 1990-04-27 |
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