EP0371653A1 - Busbar arrangement for transversely disposed electrolysis cells - Google Patents
Busbar arrangement for transversely disposed electrolysis cells Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0371653A1 EP0371653A1 EP89311793A EP89311793A EP0371653A1 EP 0371653 A1 EP0371653 A1 EP 0371653A1 EP 89311793 A EP89311793 A EP 89311793A EP 89311793 A EP89311793 A EP 89311793A EP 0371653 A1 EP0371653 A1 EP 0371653A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cell
- row
- busbars
- centre line
- cells
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000005868 electrolysis reaction Methods 0.000 title abstract description 4
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000004411 aluminium Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 239000013598 vector Substances 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C25—ELECTROLYTIC OR ELECTROPHORETIC PROCESSES; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C—PROCESSES FOR THE ELECTROLYTIC PRODUCTION, RECOVERY OR REFINING OF METALS; APPARATUS THEREFOR
- C25C3/00—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts
- C25C3/06—Electrolytic production, recovery or refining of metals by electrolysis of melts of aluminium
- C25C3/16—Electric current supply devices, e.g. bus bars
Definitions
- This invention relates to a potline for the electrolytic production of aluminium which provides compensation for the unwanted magnetic influence between two or more rows of cells in the potline.
- a cell in a row is magnetically influenced by the electric current in the neighbouring row(s). Due to the relatively long distance between the rows, the effect of the magnetic field is essentially vertical and overlaps with the magnetic field being created by the electric current in the cell itself and neighbouring cells in the same row. This overlapping magnetic field is unwanted because it provides electromagnetic forces, which in turn cause harmful streaming in the electrolytic bath and the deposited aluminium in the cell and also reduce the stability of the cell.
- the present invention aims to provide a busbar arrangement which is not encumbered with the above disadvantages, i.e. which substantially compensates for the magnetic influence from the neighbouring row(s) of cells and which has low absolute values for the vertical magnetic field at the corner of the cells.
- a busbar arrangement is essentially cheaper than the known solutions.
- a potline for the electrolytic production of aluminium comprises at least two rows of electrolytic cells with the cells arranged transversely in each row, the electric current being conducted from the rear side of each cell in a row to the next cell via two or more busbars which pass under the cell and also around or under the short ends of the cell, the busbars being arranged in an unsymmetrical fashion relative to the centre line of the row of cells and is characterised in that one or more of the busbars beneath the cell are disposed at an angle to the centre line of the row.
- each cell is provided with five busbars whereof at least one busbar is disposed at each short end of the cell, one busbar is disposed on the side of the centre line of the row which is closer to the neighbouring row, and two busbars are disposed beneath the cell symmetrically with respect to one another on either side of the centre line and stretch outwards from the cathode collecting busbar to the riser on the next cell at an angle to the centre line of the row.
- the angle between the inclined busbars and the centre line of the row of cells is preferably between 15° and 45° and suitably approximately 26°.
- Figures 1 and 2 show an example of a busbar arrangement for a 180 kA cell in an aluminium potline.
- the cell has four risers, S1 - S4, and five busbars k1 - k5 which conduct electric current from the cathode collecting busbar P to the risers.
- Three of the busbars, K2, K3 and K4 are disposed underneath the cell, while two of the busbars k1 and k5 extend around the short ends of the cell.
- the busbars k1, k2 and k4, k5 respectively are symmetrically arranged relative to one another on each side of the centre line of the row, whereas the busbar k3 is disposed on the side of the centre line which is closer to the neighbouring row.
- Such an arrangement where a larger part of the electric current is conducted towards the end of a cell which is closer to the neighbouring row is denoted to be unsymmetric.
- two of the three busbars underneath the cell namely k2 and k4 are disposed at an inclined angle with respect to the cathode collecting busbar P and the risers S1 and S4.
- Such arrangement has the advantages that the electric current path is shorter and that the absolute values for the vertical magnetic field at the corners of the cells are low.
- Figures 3a, b and c show the isogauss curves of the magnetic field vectors Bx By and Bz determined for the cell shown in Figure 1.
- the horizontal field Bx has little influence on the running of the cell, but the other horizontal field By and especially the vertical field Bz have great impact.
- the curves for Bz show that the absolute value of the vertical field lies below 10 gauss for nearly the entire cell. Further, the maximum values are not above 20 gauss, compared to 130 gauss for a similar cell which does not have any busbars disposed underneath in an unsymmetrical manner.
- the current distribution in the five busbars k1 - k5 is, in the example show, optimised with regard to providing the best possible magnetic field, but normally the inclined busbars are given a cross section such that an essential part, such as more than 40%, of the current is conducted from the rear side of the cells, via these inclined busbars k2 and k5.
- the position of the busbars k1 - k5 is also optimised with regard to the number of busbars underneath the cells, their positioning and the angle ⁇ the two inclined busbars k2, k4 have relative to the centre line X of the row.
- the angle ⁇ between the inclined busbars and the centre line is approximately 26°.
- Theoretically figures show, however, that significant achievement can be obtained with an angle ⁇ between 15° and 40°.
- busbars Although the invention has been described with reference to five busbars, it may, within the scope of the invention and depending on the size of the cells, be possible to use more or fewer busbars underneath each cell, and to provide more or fewer busbars with an inclined position between the cathode collecting busbars and the risers.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Electrochemistry (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Electrolytic Production Of Metals (AREA)
- Toys (AREA)
- Electric Ovens (AREA)
- Compositions Of Macromolecular Compounds (AREA)
Abstract
A potline for the electrolytic production of aluminium which provides compensation for the unwanted magnetic influence between two or more rows of transversely arranged aluminium electrolysis cells. Electric current is conducted from the rear side of a cell in a row to the next cell and also around or under the short ends of the cell. The busbars are arranged unsymmetrically relative to the centre line of the cell row and one or more of the busbars underneath the cell are disposed at an angle (α) to the centre line of the row of cells.
Description
- This invention relates to a potline for the electrolytic production of aluminium which provides compensation for the unwanted magnetic influence between two or more rows of cells in the potline.
- It is common in aluminium potlines to arrange the electrolytic cells transversely in rows, the distance between the centre line of two adjacent rows being around 30 to 50 metres. The cells are connected in series, one after another, and electric current is conducted from the rear of one cell in a row to the next cell via two or more busbars which pass under the cell and also around or under the short ends of the cell.
- A cell in a row is magnetically influenced by the electric current in the neighbouring row(s). Due to the relatively long distance between the rows, the effect of the magnetic field is essentially vertical and overlaps with the magnetic field being created by the electric current in the cell itself and neighbouring cells in the same row. This overlapping magnetic field is unwanted because it provides electromagnetic forces, which in turn cause harmful streaming in the electrolytic bath and the deposited aluminium in the cell and also reduce the stability of the cell.
- From the applicant's Norwegian Patents Nos 139829 and 140602, it is known to compensate for the unwanted vertical magnetic field by conducting more current in an unsymmetric busbar system around or under the short end of the cell which is closer to the neighbouring row or rows. With this known technology it is thus possible to provide a vertical magnetic field which is symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal and transverse axes of the cell. However in large electrolysis cells or more than 150 kA, there is a disadvantage with the known solutions as long busbars are needed to conduct the current from the rear side of the cell to the next cell in a row, and as the vertical magnetic field has large absolute values at the corners of the cells.
- The present invention aims to provide a busbar arrangement which is not encumbered with the above disadvantages, i.e. which substantially compensates for the magnetic influence from the neighbouring row(s) of cells and which has low absolute values for the vertical magnetic field at the corner of the cells. Such a busbar arrangement is essentially cheaper than the known solutions.
- In accordance with the invention a potline for the electrolytic production of aluminium comprises at least two rows of electrolytic cells with the cells arranged transversely in each row, the electric current being conducted from the rear side of each cell in a row to the next cell via two or more busbars which pass under the cell and also around or under the short ends of the cell, the busbars being arranged in an unsymmetrical fashion relative to the centre line of the row of cells and is characterised in that one or more of the busbars beneath the cell are disposed at an angle to the centre line of the row.
- Preferably each cell is provided with five busbars whereof at least one busbar is disposed at each short end of the cell, one busbar is disposed on the side of the centre line of the row which is closer to the neighbouring row, and two busbars are disposed beneath the cell symmetrically with respect to one another on either side of the centre line and stretch outwards from the cathode collecting busbar to the riser on the next cell at an angle to the centre line of the row.
- The angle between the inclined busbars and the centre line of the row of cells is preferably between 15° and 45° and suitably approximately 26°.
- The invention will now be further described by way of example with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
- Fig. 1 shows schematically a cross section of two cells in a row of aluminium electrolysis cells,
- Fig. 2 shows the same two cells from above,
- Fig. 3 a, b and c respectively show the isogauss curves determined for the field vectors Bx, By and Bz for the cells shown in Fig. 1.
- Figures 1 and 2 show an example of a busbar arrangement for a 180 kA cell in an aluminium potline. The cell has four risers, S1 - S4, and five busbars k1 - k5 which conduct electric current from the cathode collecting busbar P to the risers. Three of the busbars, K2, K3 and K4 are disposed underneath the cell, while two of the busbars k1 and k5 extend around the short ends of the cell. The busbars k1, k2 and k4, k5 respectively are symmetrically arranged relative to one another on each side of the centre line of the row, whereas the busbar k3 is disposed on the side of the centre line which is closer to the neighbouring row. Such an arrangement where a larger part of the electric current is conducted towards the end of a cell which is closer to the neighbouring row, is denoted to be unsymmetric.
- However, as opposed to common practice, two of the three busbars underneath the cell, namely k2 and k4 are disposed at an inclined angle with respect to the cathode collecting busbar P and the risers S1 and S4. Such arrangement has the advantages that the electric current path is shorter and that the absolute values for the vertical magnetic field at the corners of the cells are low.
- Figures 3a, b and c show the isogauss curves of the magnetic field vectors Bx By and Bz determined for the cell shown in Figure 1. The horizontal field Bx has little influence on the running of the cell, but the other horizontal field By and especially the vertical field Bz have great impact.
- The curves for Bz show that the absolute value of the vertical field lies below 10 gauss for nearly the entire cell. Further, the maximum values are not above 20 gauss, compared to 130 gauss for a similar cell which does not have any busbars disposed underneath in an unsymmetrical manner.
- The current distribution in the five busbars k1 - k5 is, in the example show, optimised with regard to providing the best possible magnetic field, but normally the inclined busbars are given a cross section such that an essential part, such as more than 40%, of the current is conducted from the rear side of the cells, via these inclined busbars k2 and k5.
- The position of the busbars k1 - k5 is also optimised with regard to the number of busbars underneath the cells, their positioning and the angle α the two inclined busbars k2, k4 have relative to the centre line X of the row. In the example of Figure 2, which as previously mentioned concerns a cell of 180 kA, the angle α between the inclined busbars and the centre line is approximately 26°. Theoretically figures show, however, that significant achievement can be obtained with an angle α between 15° and 40°.
- Although the invention has been described with reference to five busbars, it may, within the scope of the invention and depending on the size of the cells, be possible to use more or fewer busbars underneath each cell, and to provide more or fewer busbars with an inclined position between the cathode collecting busbars and the risers.
Claims (4)
1. A potline for the electrolytic production of aluminium comprising at least two rows of electrolytic cells with the cells arranged transversely in each row, electric current being conducted from the rear side of each cell in a row to the next cell via two or more busbars which pass under the cell and also around or under the short ends of the cell, the busbars being arranged in an unsymmetrical fashion relative to the centre line of the row of cells, characterised in that one or more of the busbars beneath the cell (k1, k5) are disposed at an angle (α) to the centre line of the row.
2. A potline as claimed in Claim 1, characterised in that each cell is provided with five busbars (k1 - k5) whereof at least one busbar (k1, respectively k5) is disposed at each short end of the cell, one busbar (k3) is disposed on the side of the centre line of the row which is closer to the neighbouring row, and two busbars (k2, k4) are disposed symmetrically with respect to one another on either side of the centre line and stretch outwards from the cathode collecting busbar (P) to the rise (S) on the next cell at an angle to the centre line (X) of the row.
3. A potline as claimed in either claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the angle (α) is between 15° and 45°.
4. A potline as claimed in either claim 1 or 2, characterised in that the angle (α) between each of the inclined busbars (k2, k4) and the centre line (X) for the row is approximately 26°.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| NO885292A NO166657C (en) | 1988-11-28 | 1988-11-28 | SKIN ARRANGEMENTS FOR LARGE TRANSMISSION ELECTRIC OVENERS. |
| NO885292 | 1988-11-28 |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0371653A1 true EP0371653A1 (en) | 1990-06-06 |
| EP0371653B1 EP0371653B1 (en) | 1993-01-13 |
Family
ID=19891466
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP19890311793 Expired - Lifetime EP0371653B1 (en) | 1988-11-28 | 1989-11-15 | Busbar arrangement for transversely disposed electrolysis cells |
Country Status (9)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0371653B1 (en) |
| CN (1) | CN1023413C (en) |
| AU (1) | AU623439B2 (en) |
| BR (1) | BR8905984A (en) |
| DE (1) | DE68904406T2 (en) |
| ES (1) | ES2038416T3 (en) |
| NO (1) | NO166657C (en) |
| NZ (1) | NZ230814A (en) |
| RU (1) | RU1833438C (en) |
Cited By (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006033578A1 (en) * | 2004-09-23 | 2006-03-30 | Norsk Hydro Asa | A method for electrical connection and magnetic compensation of aluminium reduction cells, and a system for same |
| WO2008120993A1 (en) | 2007-04-02 | 2008-10-09 | Norsk Hydro Asa | Improvements relating to electrolysis cells connected in series and a method for operation of same |
| US10689770B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2020-06-23 | Norsk Hydro Asa | Modified electrolysis cell and a method for modifying same |
Families Citing this family (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| CN100451177C (en) * | 2004-08-06 | 2009-01-14 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院 | Asymmetric type tank bottom bus and current distributing style |
| CN100439566C (en) * | 2004-08-06 | 2008-12-03 | 贵阳铝镁设计研究院 | Five power-on bus distributing style with different current |
| FI121472B (en) * | 2008-06-05 | 2010-11-30 | Outotec Oyj | Method for Arranging Electrodes in the Electrolysis Process, Electrolysis System and Method Use, and / or System Use |
Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR2416276A1 (en) * | 1978-02-06 | 1979-08-31 | Inst Aljuminievoi | CURRENT CONDUCTION BAR SYSTEM FOR ALUMINUM ELECTROLYSIS CELLS |
| US4194958A (en) * | 1977-10-19 | 1980-03-25 | Ardal og Sunndal Verk a. s. | Arrangement for compensating for detrimental magnetic influence between two or more rows of transverse electrolytic pots or cells for producing aluminum, by electrolytic reduction |
| EP0072778A1 (en) * | 1981-08-18 | 1983-02-23 | Schweizerische Aluminium Ag | Bus bar arrangement for electrolysis cells |
-
1988
- 1988-11-28 NO NO885292A patent/NO166657C/en unknown
-
1989
- 1989-09-28 NZ NZ23081489A patent/NZ230814A/en unknown
- 1989-10-05 AU AU42621/89A patent/AU623439B2/en not_active Expired
- 1989-10-23 CN CN 89108211 patent/CN1023413C/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-15 ES ES89311793T patent/ES2038416T3/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-15 DE DE1989604406 patent/DE68904406T2/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-15 EP EP19890311793 patent/EP0371653B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-11-27 RU SU894742418A patent/RU1833438C/en active
- 1989-11-28 BR BR8905984A patent/BR8905984A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
Patent Citations (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US4194958A (en) * | 1977-10-19 | 1980-03-25 | Ardal og Sunndal Verk a. s. | Arrangement for compensating for detrimental magnetic influence between two or more rows of transverse electrolytic pots or cells for producing aluminum, by electrolytic reduction |
| FR2416276A1 (en) * | 1978-02-06 | 1979-08-31 | Inst Aljuminievoi | CURRENT CONDUCTION BAR SYSTEM FOR ALUMINUM ELECTROLYSIS CELLS |
| EP0072778A1 (en) * | 1981-08-18 | 1983-02-23 | Schweizerische Aluminium Ag | Bus bar arrangement for electrolysis cells |
Cited By (8)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| WO2006033578A1 (en) * | 2004-09-23 | 2006-03-30 | Norsk Hydro Asa | A method for electrical connection and magnetic compensation of aluminium reduction cells, and a system for same |
| AU2005285702B2 (en) * | 2004-09-23 | 2010-06-10 | Norsk Hydro Asa | A method for electrical connection and magnetic compensation of aluminium reduction cells, and a system for same |
| CN101065517B (en) * | 2004-09-23 | 2011-04-20 | 诺尔斯海德公司 | Method for electrical connection and magnetic compensation of aluminium reduction cells, and a system for same |
| US8070921B2 (en) | 2004-09-23 | 2011-12-06 | Norsk Hydro Asa | Method for electrical connection and magnetic compensation of aluminium reduction cells, and a system for same |
| WO2008120993A1 (en) | 2007-04-02 | 2008-10-09 | Norsk Hydro Asa | Improvements relating to electrolysis cells connected in series and a method for operation of same |
| AU2008233392B2 (en) * | 2007-04-02 | 2012-04-26 | Norsk Hydro Asa | Improvements relating to electrolysis cells connected in series and a method for operation of same |
| EA016404B1 (en) * | 2007-04-02 | 2012-04-30 | Норск Хюдро Аса | Improvements relating to electrolysis cells connected in series and a method for operation of same |
| US10689770B2 (en) | 2014-12-23 | 2020-06-23 | Norsk Hydro Asa | Modified electrolysis cell and a method for modifying same |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| AU4262189A (en) | 1990-05-31 |
| NO166657B (en) | 1991-05-13 |
| NZ230814A (en) | 1992-10-28 |
| NO885292L (en) | 1990-05-29 |
| DE68904406D1 (en) | 1993-02-25 |
| DE68904406T2 (en) | 1993-06-24 |
| AU623439B2 (en) | 1992-05-14 |
| CN1023413C (en) | 1994-01-05 |
| EP0371653B1 (en) | 1993-01-13 |
| ES2038416T3 (en) | 1993-07-16 |
| RU1833438C (en) | 1993-08-07 |
| NO885292D0 (en) | 1988-11-28 |
| CN1043163A (en) | 1990-06-20 |
| BR8905984A (en) | 1990-06-19 |
| NO166657C (en) | 1991-08-21 |
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