EP0353415B1 - Cutting device - Google Patents
Cutting device Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0353415B1 EP0353415B1 EP89109488A EP89109488A EP0353415B1 EP 0353415 B1 EP0353415 B1 EP 0353415B1 EP 89109488 A EP89109488 A EP 89109488A EP 89109488 A EP89109488 A EP 89109488A EP 0353415 B1 EP0353415 B1 EP 0353415B1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- blade
- cutting
- plane
- longitudinal axis
- article
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Expired - Lifetime
Links
- 238000005520 cutting process Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 35
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 6
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000007796 conventional method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000003754 machining Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 239000002178 crystalline material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004744 fabric Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000005755 formation reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B23—MACHINE TOOLS; METAL-WORKING NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
- B23Q—DETAILS, COMPONENTS, OR ACCESSORIES FOR MACHINE TOOLS, e.g. ARRANGEMENTS FOR COPYING OR CONTROLLING; MACHINE TOOLS IN GENERAL CHARACTERISED BY THE CONSTRUCTION OF PARTICULAR DETAILS OR COMPONENTS; COMBINATIONS OR ASSOCIATIONS OF METAL-WORKING MACHINES, NOT DIRECTED TO A PARTICULAR RESULT
- B23Q5/00—Driving or feeding mechanisms; Control arrangements therefor
- B23Q5/02—Driving main working members
- B23Q5/027—Driving main working members reciprocating members
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B06—GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS IN GENERAL
- B06B—METHODS OR APPARATUS FOR GENERATING OR TRANSMITTING MECHANICAL VIBRATIONS OF INFRASONIC, SONIC, OR ULTRASONIC FREQUENCY, e.g. FOR PERFORMING MECHANICAL WORK IN GENERAL
- B06B3/00—Methods or apparatus specially adapted for transmitting mechanical vibrations of infrasonic, sonic, or ultrasonic frequency
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B26—HAND CUTTING TOOLS; CUTTING; SEVERING
- B26D—CUTTING; DETAILS COMMON TO MACHINES FOR PERFORATING, PUNCHING, CUTTING-OUT, STAMPING-OUT OR SEVERING
- B26D7/00—Details of apparatus for cutting, cutting-out, stamping-out, punching, perforating, or severing by means other than cutting
- B26D7/08—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting
- B26D7/086—Means for treating work or cutting member to facilitate cutting by vibrating, e.g. ultrasonically
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
- B28D5/04—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by tools other than rotary type, e.g. reciprocating tools
- B28D5/045—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by tools other than rotary type, e.g. reciprocating tools by cutting with wires or closed-loop blades
-
- B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
- B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
- B28D—WORKING STONE OR STONE-LIKE MATERIALS
- B28D5/00—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor
- B28D5/04—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by tools other than rotary type, e.g. reciprocating tools
- B28D5/047—Fine working of gems, jewels, crystals, e.g. of semiconductor material; apparatus or devices therefor by tools other than rotary type, e.g. reciprocating tools by ultrasonic cutting
Definitions
- This invention is concerned with improvements relating to cutting, particularly by a method involving the use of high frequency (ultrasonic) vibration devices.
- the conventional method of ultrasonic cutting involves the use of a cutting blade which is mounted on an ultrasonic vibrating device with the blade lying in a plane containing the longitudinal axis of vibrations, and moving the blade through the article to be cut in said plane, e.g. DE-A1-2625636.
- Difficulty is also experienced in cutting materials which are brittle, e.g. honeycomb or crystalline materials.
- a method of cutting an article involving mounting a cutting blade on an ultrasonic vibrating device in a manner such that the blade lies in a plane extending transverse to the longitudinal axis of vibrations, and moving said blade in said plane through said article.
- the plane lies at right angles to the longitudinal axis of vibrations.
- the device may be rotated about its longitudinal axis, effecting rotation on the blade in the plane within which it lies.
- a cutting device comprising an ultrasonic vibrating device and a cutting blade mounted on the device so as to be vibrated thereby/therewith, the blade lying in a plane extending transvserse (preferably at right angles to) the longitudinal axis of vibration.
- the cutting device In use, the cutting device will be moved relative to an article to be cut, in a plane containing the blade.
- the device may comprise means by which the vibrating device, and hence the blade, is rotated in said plane, i.e. about the longitudinal axis of a vibration, as it is moved in said plane to cut the article.
- the vibrating device comprises a support member which is vibrated by the device, and the support member comprises a plurality of blades, each lying in one of a plurality of parallel planes, desirable the blades being located at anti-nodes of the support member.
- the vibrating device comprises a plurality of support members, each supporting a plurality of blades, some at least of the support members being secured to the vibrating device through the intermediary of node/anti-node displacement devices.
- the device comprises vibrating mechanism to which the support member or support members are secured, the vibrating mechanism being in the form of a horn, one surface of which is caused to vibrate at ultrasonic frequency.
- a blade 6 is vibrated at ultrasonic frequency in the plane containing the blade, and the blade is moved within said plane in the direction X towards the article 8 to be cut.
- a cut 10 is opened, which subjects the article to compressive vibrations in the directions A and B. Where the article is of a friable or brittle material, this can result in the production of a fractured cut.
- the device which is the preferred embodiment of this invention ( Figures 2 and 4) comprises a vibrating device 12 in the form of a mother horn, and front face 14 of which is vibrated at ultrasonic frequency in the longitudinal direction E-F, the face 14 representing an anti-node of the device.
- a vibrating device 12 in the form of a mother horn
- front face 14 of which is vibrated at ultrasonic frequency in the longitudinal direction E-F
- the face 14 representing an anti-node of the device.
- Connected to the front face 14 are a plurality of supporting devices 16 a , 16 b , 16 c and 16 d , the supporting devices extending in the longitudinal direction E-F.
- cutting blades 18 a Mounted at spaced intervals on the supporting member 16 a are cutting blades 18 a , the cutting blades lying in a plane extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the support member, and being located on the support member at spaced anti-nodes.
- the blades 18 will vibrate in a complicated mode, primarily in the direction E-F, and on passage through the article 8 to be cut, will excavate a cut 10 a from the article, as the blade passes through the article in the direction X, while removing fine dust material C and D from the cut slot, see Figure 3.
- the support members 16 b and 16 c are mounted on the front face 14 through the intermediary of node/anti-node displacement members 20 b , 20 c , of the type having reduce mass, whereby the anti-node succeeding the front face 14 is removed in a direction towards the front face 14.
- the support member 16 d is connected to the face 14 through the intermediary of a node/anti-node displacement device 20 d of the type having added mass, whereby the succeeding anti-node is displaced in a direction away from the face 14.
- the device when the device is moved relative to the article 8 to be cut, relative movement taking place in a direction at right angles to the longitudinal axis E-F, with the blades 18 moving in the planes in which they lay, the article 8 may be cut simultaneously by a plurality of cut lines.
- the present invention may also be put into practice as is shown schematically in Figure 5, by simultaneous rotation of the blade about the longitudinal axis of vibration of the device, the cutting operation being effected by movement of the blade in the plane in which it is mounted, i.e. extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis E-F.
- the invention may be applied, to a machine tool (particularly of the kind disclosed in EP-A-0287374, published after the date of filing of the present application Art. 54(3) EPC, in which an ultrasonic vibrating support member is simultaneously rotated, whilst being capable of multi-axis orientation relative to a workpiece, and capable of movement relative to the workpiece in a plurality of orthogonal axes, such as a robotic arm.
- a high frequency machining tool comprising a housing 34 of generally cross-circular cross-section, having at one end a tapered mounting format ion 36 of a shape similar to that provided in a conventional tool holding chuck.
- an ultrasonic sub-assembly 38 comprising a transducer 40, and a booster device 42, the booster device carrying a horn 44, at an end portion of which, corresponding to a vibrational anti-node, a blade 48 is mounted, the blade 48, in accordance with this invention, lying in a plane extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis of vibration.
- the device illustrated in Figure 5 is specifically for use in conjunction with a conventional machine tool comprising a housing 58 in which a rotatable drive spindle 60 is mounted, the spindle 60 carrying at its leading end portion a chuck mounting device 62 provided with a conventional chuck-receiving aperture 64, the machining device being capable of being mounted in the chuck-receiving aperture 64.
- the spindle 60 and the housing 34 may be rotated about the longitudinal axis of the spindle 60, i.e. about the longitudinal vibrational axis, whilst the cutting blade 48 may be moved in any desired manner in relation to an article to be cut.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
- Forests & Forestry (AREA)
- Perforating, Stamping-Out Or Severing By Means Other Than Cutting (AREA)
- Accessories And Tools For Shearing Machines (AREA)
- Mechanical Treatment Of Semiconductor (AREA)
- Nonmetal Cutting Devices (AREA)
- Transition And Organic Metals Composition Catalysts For Addition Polymerization (AREA)
- Control And Other Processes For Unpacking Of Materials (AREA)
- Electrical Discharge Machining, Electrochemical Machining, And Combined Machining (AREA)
- Processing Of Stones Or Stones Resemblance Materials (AREA)
- Polishing Bodies And Polishing Tools (AREA)
- Crushing And Pulverization Processes (AREA)
- Apparatuses For Generation Of Mechanical Vibrations (AREA)
Abstract
Description
- This invention is concerned with improvements relating to cutting, particularly by a method involving the use of high frequency (ultrasonic) vibration devices.
- The conventional method of ultrasonic cutting involves the use of a cutting blade which is mounted on an ultrasonic vibrating device with the blade lying in a plane containing the longitudinal axis of vibrations, and moving the blade through the article to be cut in said plane, e.g. DE-A1-2625636.
- Difficulty is experienced using conventional methods in that the depth of cut which is attainable is limited. For this reason ultrasonic cutting has in general been limited to thin articles, such as paper, cloth and thin plastic sheets. A significant problem exists in cutting blocks of substantial depth, and/or in providing a number of parallel cuts simultaneously.
- Difficulty is also experienced in cutting materials which are brittle, e.g. honeycomb or crystalline materials.
- According to this invention there is provided a method of cutting an article involving mounting a cutting blade on an ultrasonic vibrating device in a manner such that the blade lies in a plane extending transverse to the longitudinal axis of vibrations, and moving said blade in said plane through said article.
- In this manner the blade moves back and forth transverse to the plane in which it moves through the article, effecting a removal of the material of the article along the line of cut.
- Preferably the plane lies at right angles to the longitudinal axis of vibrations.
- If desired the device may be rotated about its longitudinal axis, effecting rotation on the blade in the plane within which it lies.
- According to this invention there is also provided a cutting device comprising an ultrasonic vibrating device and a cutting blade mounted on the device so as to be vibrated thereby/therewith, the blade lying in a plane extending transvserse (preferably at right angles to) the longitudinal axis of vibration.
- In use, the cutting device will be moved relative to an article to be cut, in a plane containing the blade.
- If desired, the device may comprise means by which the vibrating device, and hence the blade, is rotated in said plane, i.e. about the longitudinal axis of a vibration, as it is moved in said plane to cut the article.
- Conveniently the vibrating device comprises a support member which is vibrated by the device, and the support member comprises a plurality of blades, each lying in one of a plurality of parallel planes, desirable the blades being located at anti-nodes of the support member.
- Preferably the vibrating device comprises a plurality of support members, each supporting a plurality of blades, some at least of the support members being secured to the vibrating device through the intermediary of node/anti-node displacement devices.
- Preferably the device comprises vibrating mechanism to which the support member or support members are secured, the vibrating mechanism being in the form of a horn, one surface of which is caused to vibrate at ultrasonic frequency.
- There will now be given detailed descriptions, to be read with reference to the accompanying drawings, of embodiments of this invention which have been selected for the purposes of illustrating the invention by way of example.
- In the accompanying drawings:
- FIGURE 1 is a schematic view showing a conventional ultrasonic cutting device in use in cutting an article;
- FIGURE 2 is a plane view of the cutting device which is the preferred embodiment of this invention;
- FIGURE 3 is a schematic view showing the preferred embodiment in use in cutting an article;
- FIGURE 4 is a side view of the preferred embodiment;
- FIGURE 5 is a view of an alternative form of execution of the invention.
- In a conventional ultrasonic cutting operation, a
blade 6 is vibrated at ultrasonic frequency in the plane containing the blade, and the blade is moved within said plane in the direction X towards the article 8 to be cut. As the blade penetrates the article, acut 10 is opened, which subjects the article to compressive vibrations in the directions A and B. Where the article is of a friable or brittle material, this can result in the production of a fractured cut. - The device which is the preferred embodiment of this invention (Figures 2 and 4) comprises a
vibrating device 12 in the form of a mother horn, andfront face 14 of which is vibrated at ultrasonic frequency in the longitudinal direction E-F, theface 14 representing an anti-node of the device. Connected to thefront face 14 are a plurality of supportingdevices - Mounted at spaced intervals on the supporting member 16a are cutting blades 18a, the cutting blades lying in a plane extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis of the support member, and being located on the support member at spaced anti-nodes. Thus in use, the
blades 18 will vibrate in a complicated mode, primarily in the direction E-F, and on passage through the article 8 to be cut, will excavate acut 10a from the article, as the blade passes through the article in the direction X, while removing fine dust material C and D from the cut slot, see Figure 3. Thesupport members 16b and 16c are mounted on thefront face 14 through the intermediary of node/anti-node displacement members 20b, 20c, of the type having reduce mass, whereby the anti-node succeeding thefront face 14 is removed in a direction towards thefront face 14. Similarly, thesupport member 16d is connected to theface 14 through the intermediary of a node/anti-node displacement device 20d of the type having added mass, whereby the succeeding anti-node is displaced in a direction away from theface 14. - Thus when
blades 18 are mounted on thesupport members - In this manner, when the device is moved relative to the article 8 to be cut, relative movement taking place in a direction at right angles to the longitudinal axis E-F, with the
blades 18 moving in the planes in which they lay, the article 8 may be cut simultaneously by a plurality of cut lines. - The present invention may also be put into practice as is shown schematically in Figure 5, by simultaneous rotation of the blade about the longitudinal axis of vibration of the device, the cutting operation being effected by movement of the blade in the plane in which it is mounted, i.e. extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis E-F. Thus the invention may be applied, to a machine tool (particularly of the kind disclosed in EP-A-0287374, published after the date of filing of the present application Art. 54(3) EPC, in which an ultrasonic vibrating support member is simultaneously rotated, whilst being capable of multi-axis orientation relative to a workpiece, and capable of movement relative to the workpiece in a plurality of orthogonal axes, such as a robotic arm. Thus there is shown in Figure 5 a high frequency machining tool comprising a
housing 34 of generally cross-circular cross-section, having at one end a taperedmounting format ion 36 of a shape similar to that provided in a conventional tool holding chuck. Mounted in the housing is anultrasonic sub-assembly 38 comprising atransducer 40, and abooster device 42, the booster device carrying ahorn 44, at an end portion of which, corresponding to a vibrational anti-node, ablade 48 is mounted, theblade 48, in accordance with this invention, lying in a plane extending at right angles to the longitudinal axis of vibration. The device illustrated in Figure 5 is specifically for use in conjunction with a conventional machine tool comprising ahousing 58 in which arotatable drive spindle 60 is mounted, thespindle 60 carrying at its leading end portion achuck mounting device 62 provided with a conventional chuck-receivingaperture 64, the machining device being capable of being mounted in the chuck-receivingaperture 64. Thus, thespindle 60 and thehousing 34 may be rotated about the longitudinal axis of thespindle 60, i.e. about the longitudinal vibrational axis, whilst thecutting blade 48 may be moved in any desired manner in relation to an article to be cut.
Claims (10)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT89109488T ATE68741T1 (en) | 1988-06-03 | 1989-05-26 | CUTTER. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
GB8813089 | 1988-06-03 | ||
GB8813089A GB2219245A (en) | 1988-06-03 | 1988-06-03 | Ultrasonic cutting |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0353415A1 EP0353415A1 (en) | 1990-02-07 |
EP0353415B1 true EP0353415B1 (en) | 1991-10-23 |
Family
ID=10637972
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP89109488A Expired - Lifetime EP0353415B1 (en) | 1988-06-03 | 1989-05-26 | Cutting device |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
EP (1) | EP0353415B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JP3021470B2 (en) |
AT (1) | ATE68741T1 (en) |
CA (1) | CA1335172C (en) |
DE (1) | DE68900358D1 (en) |
ES (1) | ES2017815A6 (en) |
GB (1) | GB2219245A (en) |
PT (1) | PT90735B (en) |
ZA (1) | ZA894125B (en) |
Families Citing this family (27)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB2248795A (en) * | 1990-10-19 | 1992-04-22 | Nestle Sa | Cutting device. |
DE59205467D1 (en) * | 1991-10-30 | 1996-04-04 | Gfm Fertigungstechnik | Process and cutting unit for producing spatial fittings from a prefabricated block of a large-pore material |
GB9201785D0 (en) * | 1992-01-28 | 1992-03-11 | Rawson Francis F H | Improvements relating to cutting devices |
GB2270025A (en) * | 1992-08-28 | 1994-03-02 | Nestle Sa | Ultrasonic cutting |
US5354195A (en) * | 1992-12-23 | 1994-10-11 | United Technologies Corporation | Composite molding apparatus for high pressure co-cure molding of lightweight honeycomb core composite articles having ramped surfaces utilizing low density, stabilized ramped honeycomb cores |
DE4310832C2 (en) * | 1993-04-02 | 1995-07-13 | Rowenta Werke Gmbh | Cutting device |
GB2282559B (en) * | 1993-10-07 | 1998-04-15 | Rawson Francis F H | Ultrasonic cutting device |
WO1996009919A1 (en) * | 1994-09-28 | 1996-04-04 | Unilever Plc | Ultrasonic cutting process |
GB2299046A (en) * | 1995-03-21 | 1996-09-25 | Nestle Sa | Ultrasonic cutting device |
FR2735412B1 (en) * | 1995-06-19 | 1997-08-22 | Unir Ultra Propre Nutrition In | ULTRASONIC CUTTING DEVICE |
JP3128508B2 (en) * | 1996-04-12 | 2001-01-29 | 株式会社アルテクス | Ultrasonic vibration cutter |
JP3041242B2 (en) * | 1996-06-28 | 2000-05-15 | 株式会社アルテクス | Supporting device for resonator for ultrasonic vibration |
US5871783A (en) | 1996-08-22 | 1999-02-16 | Mars, Incorporated | Apparatus for ultrasonically forming confectionery products |
US5861185A (en) | 1996-08-22 | 1999-01-19 | Mars, Incorporated | Ultrasonic forming of confectionery products |
US5871793A (en) | 1996-11-27 | 1999-02-16 | Mars Incorporated | Puffed cereal cakes |
US5846584A (en) | 1997-04-30 | 1998-12-08 | Mars, Incorporated | Apparatus and method for forming cereal food products |
US6070509A (en) * | 1997-09-18 | 2000-06-06 | Colbourne Corporation | Method for ultrasonic cutting of food products |
US6032561A (en) * | 1997-09-18 | 2000-03-07 | Colborne Corporation | Apparatus for ultrasonic cutting of food products |
US6368647B1 (en) | 1998-12-29 | 2002-04-09 | Mars, Incorporated | Ultrasonically activated continuous slitter apparatus and method |
DE10100402A1 (en) * | 2001-01-05 | 2002-07-11 | Alpma Alpenland Masch | Method and device for cutting a food product |
US6574944B2 (en) | 2001-06-19 | 2003-06-10 | Mars Incorporated | Method and system for ultrasonic sealing of food product packaging |
US6655948B2 (en) | 2001-08-31 | 2003-12-02 | Mars, Incorporated | System of ultrasonic processing of pre-baked food product |
US6635292B2 (en) | 2001-10-26 | 2003-10-21 | Mars, Incorporated | Ultrasonic rotary forming of food products |
DE102006059940A1 (en) * | 2006-12-19 | 2008-07-10 | Dr. Wolf & Partner Ingenieurbüro Für Lebensmitteltechnik Gmbh | Device for cutting foods with ultrasound and ultrasonically excited cutting tools |
US8601927B2 (en) | 2009-11-30 | 2013-12-10 | Geiss Ag | Device for ultrasonic machining, machine tool and machine tool apparatus |
CN104755236B (en) * | 2012-10-19 | 2018-05-01 | 陶氏环球技术有限责任公司 | For cutting the apparatus and method of shapable and/or contractile material |
CN107186775B (en) * | 2017-06-30 | 2019-10-11 | 江苏中泰绿色建筑科技有限公司 | Cutting apparatus |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
GB790277A (en) * | 1955-01-28 | 1958-02-05 | Technical Ceramics Ltd | Improvements in ultrasonic drills |
GB1092612A (en) * | 1965-10-13 | 1967-11-29 | Atomic Energy Authority Uk | Improvements in or relating to ultrasonic machining of hard materials |
DE2625636A1 (en) * | 1976-06-08 | 1977-12-22 | Fraas Alfred Holz Ing Grad | Cutting solid materials without material removal - by ultrasonic vibration of cutting element |
JPS5826302B2 (en) * | 1980-03-27 | 1983-06-02 | 日本電子工業株式会社 | Molding method |
US4596171A (en) * | 1983-10-19 | 1986-06-24 | Gerber Garment Technology, Inc. | Method and apparatus for ultrasonically cutting sheet material |
JPS61260996A (en) * | 1985-05-13 | 1986-11-19 | 東洋電機製造株式会社 | Ultrasonic cutter |
JPS62166997A (en) * | 1986-01-14 | 1987-07-23 | 株式会社新潟鐵工所 | Cutter for cake, etc. |
JPS62246498A (en) * | 1986-04-16 | 1987-10-27 | 東洋電機製造株式会社 | Ultrasonic cutter |
-
1988
- 1988-06-03 GB GB8813089A patent/GB2219245A/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1989
- 1989-05-26 AT AT89109488T patent/ATE68741T1/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1989-05-26 EP EP89109488A patent/EP0353415B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1989-05-26 DE DE8989109488T patent/DE68900358D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-05-30 ZA ZA894125A patent/ZA894125B/en unknown
- 1989-05-31 CA CA000601337A patent/CA1335172C/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-06-02 PT PT90735A patent/PT90735B/en active IP Right Grant
- 1989-06-02 ES ES8901916A patent/ES2017815A6/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1989-06-02 JP JP1140937A patent/JP3021470B2/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE68900358D1 (en) | 1991-11-28 |
ES2017815A6 (en) | 1991-03-01 |
JP3021470B2 (en) | 2000-03-15 |
EP0353415A1 (en) | 1990-02-07 |
ATE68741T1 (en) | 1991-11-15 |
PT90735A (en) | 1989-12-29 |
PT90735B (en) | 1994-02-28 |
GB8813089D0 (en) | 1988-07-06 |
JPH0230495A (en) | 1990-01-31 |
ZA894125B (en) | 1990-06-27 |
CA1335172C (en) | 1995-04-11 |
GB2219245A (en) | 1989-12-06 |
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