EP0349808A2 - Process for charging of furnaces and charging basket - Google Patents
Process for charging of furnaces and charging basket Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0349808A2 EP0349808A2 EP89110965A EP89110965A EP0349808A2 EP 0349808 A2 EP0349808 A2 EP 0349808A2 EP 89110965 A EP89110965 A EP 89110965A EP 89110965 A EP89110965 A EP 89110965A EP 0349808 A2 EP0349808 A2 EP 0349808A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- containers
- loading basket
- furnace
- basket
- filled
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Withdrawn
Links
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims abstract description 15
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 12
- 238000002844 melting Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 230000008018 melting Effects 0.000 claims abstract description 9
- 238000010891 electric arc Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 4
- 238000009825 accumulation Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 3
- 230000035508 accumulation Effects 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 235000008733 Citrus aurantifolia Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 235000011941 Tilia x europaea Nutrition 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000004571 lime Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007787 solid Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000007858 starting material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 239000011343 solid material Substances 0.000 abstract description 2
- 230000002028 premature Effects 0.000 description 3
- 229910045601 alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 2
- 239000000956 alloy Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000428 dust Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910001092 metal group alloy Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F27—FURNACES; KILNS; OVENS; RETORTS
- F27D—DETAILS OR ACCESSORIES OF FURNACES, KILNS, OVENS OR RETORTS, IN SO FAR AS THEY ARE OF KINDS OCCURRING IN MORE THAN ONE KIND OF FURNACE
- F27D3/00—Charging; Discharging; Manipulation of charge
- F27D3/0025—Charging or loading melting furnaces with material in the solid state
- F27D3/0027—Charging vertically with corbs
- F27D3/0028—Corbs
Definitions
- the invention relates to a method for loading the melting vessel of an electric arc furnace with solid feedstocks and a loading basket suitable for carrying out this method.
- the invention is based on the object of specifying a method which, even in the case of circular furnace cross sections, ensures protection of the furnace wall sections initially lying on the electrodes, without the need for structural changes to the furnace vessel. It should be possible to attach the furnace wall to any, i.e. to protect against premature wear not only at precisely specified points, and in a simple way.
- any point on the furnace wall by additional material accumulation against impermissible heat from the electrodes.
- This is achieved by adjusting the position of the containers on the circumference of the loading basket. If, for example, it is found that the furnace wall is washed out particularly heavily only in the area of the sharp phase, it is sufficient to accumulate additional material in front of the furnace wall at this point.
- the container is then attached to the relevant point on the circumference of the loading basket like a backpack. If, on the other hand, premature wear appears at several points on the furnace wall, the containers through which the additional feed material is brought into the furnace are positioned on the circumference of the loading basket in such a way that the relevant furnace wall sections are appropriately protected by the material introduced via the containers. This advantage is documented in the great variability in the positioning of the containers and accordingly the feed material introduced into the furnace through them to protect the endangered furnace wall sections.
- Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that the required amount of the feed material introduced into the furnace via the containers to protect the endangered furnace wall sections can be determined shortly before the addition, depending on the wear or the extent of stress.
- the method according to the invention can be carried out with loading baskets which do not impermissibly increase the weight of the loading basket. If you consider that the capacity of the melting furnaces and, accordingly, the mass of the charged feedstocks is constantly increasing, it is of great importance to minimize the load capacity of the crane systems used for transport that the loading baskets have the lowest possible mass. Conventional loading baskets that discharge feed materials into the furnace vessel from two separate concentric chambers do not meet this requirement to the desired extent.
- the three electrodes E inside the furnace vessel O are connected to the three phases of the transformer T via the feed lines Z.
- the furnace wall regions W which are particularly endangered by the electrodes E as a result of so-called hot spots are identified by black bars in FIG. 1.
- containers 1 are distributed around the circumference of the loading basket B in a position which corresponds to that of the endangered furnace wall areas (W of the furnace vessel O)
- Each loading basket 1 has two receptacles 2, for example in the form of U-profiles, into which a forklift can attach its fork to transport the containers 1.
- Each of the preferably metal containers 1 of any shape has a bottom flap 5, which can be locked by lever 6. After the levers 6 have been pivoted, the bottom flap 5 is released and can be folded around the bearing 4 to open, thereby emptying the contents of the container 1 into the furnace vessel O. The unloading point of the containers 1 is thus selected that they face the endangered Oven wall areas W is to protect them from excessive heat.
- the levers 6 expediently have a horizontal projection which, when the loading basket B is lowered, abuts the upper edge of the furnace vessel O, which triggers a pivoting of the lever 6, opens the bottom flap 5 and empties the contents of the container 1 into the furnace vessel O.
- the bottom flap 5 can also be locked by a locking bolt 7 which is fastened to a chain 8 or another traction means that runs around the circumference of the scrap basket. The locking bolt 7 can be pulled through the auxiliary lifting chain 9, after which the bottom flap 5 opens.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Vertical, Hearth, Or Arc Furnaces (AREA)
Abstract
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren zum Beschicken des Schmelzgefäßes eines Elektrolichtbogenofens mit festen Einsatzstoffen und einen zur Ausübung dieses Verfahrens geeigneten Beschickungskorb.The invention relates to a method for loading the melting vessel of an electric arc furnace with solid feedstocks and a loading basket suitable for carrying out this method.
Es ist allgemein bekannt, daß beim Einschmelzen von festem Einsatzmaterial, vornehmlich Schrott und Legierungen, in Elektrolichtbogenöfen die Wandabschnitte des Ofens, die den Elektroden besonders nah sind, stärkerem Verschleiß unterliegen. Es wurden daher Möglichkeiten gesucht, um diesem vorzeitigen Verschleiß bestimmter Ofenwandabschnitte vorzubeugen. Eine bekannte Lösung bestand darin, dem Ofengefäß im Querschnitt eine der Anordnung der drei Lichtbogenelektroden angenäherte Form zu geben, das ist in etwa ein Dreieck mit abgerundeten Ecken. Ferner ist es bekannt, innerhalb der Wandkonstruktion die Wandsteine in den besonders gefährdeten Abschnitten zurückzuversetzen, um sie in größeren Abstand von den Elektroden zu bringen, damit sie in etwa in gleichem Maße verschleißen wie die übrigen Ofenwandabschnitte. Man hat schließlich versucht, beim Zünden der Lichtbögen zwischen Elektroden und Einsatzmaterial die besonders gefährdeten Abschnitte durch Eindüsen von Kalk zu schützen.It is generally known that when solid feedstock, primarily scrap and alloys, is melted in electric arc furnaces, the wall sections of the furnace that are particularly close to the electrodes are subject to greater wear. Therefore, possibilities were sought to prevent this premature wear of certain sections of the furnace wall. A known solution consisted in giving the furnace vessel a cross-sectional shape approximating the arrangement of the three arc electrodes, which is approximately a triangle with rounded corners. Furthermore, it is known to set back the wall stones in the particularly vulnerable sections within the wall construction in order to bring them at a greater distance from the electrodes so that they wear out to approximately the same extent as the other furnace wall sections. Finally, attempts have been made to protect the particularly vulnerable sections by injecting lime when igniting the arcs between the electrodes and the feed material.
Der Erfindung liegt nun die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Verfahren anzugeben, das auch bei kreisrunden Ofenquerschnitten einen Schutz der den Elektroden zunächst liegenden Ofenwandabschnitte gewährleistet, ohne daß es konstruktiver Änderungen des Ofengefäßes bedarf. Dabei soll es möglich sein, die Ofenwand an beliebigen, d.h. nicht nur an genau vorgegebenen Stellen, gegen vorzeitigen Verschleiß zu schützen, und zwar auf einfache Weise.The invention is based on the object of specifying a method which, even in the case of circular furnace cross sections, ensures protection of the furnace wall sections initially lying on the electrodes, without the need for structural changes to the furnace vessel. It should be possible to attach the furnace wall to any, i.e. to protect against premature wear not only at precisely specified points, and in a simple way.
Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird ein Verfahren mit den Maßnahmen nach Anspruch 1 vorgeschlagen. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens sind in den Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet. Zur Lösung der gestellten Aufgabe wird ferner ein Beschickungskorb mit den Merkmalen des Anspruchs 6 vorgeschlagen, dessen vorteilhafte Ausgestaltung in weiteren Unteransprüchen gekennzeichnet ist.To solve this problem, a method with the measures according to claim 1 is proposed. Advantageous embodiments of the method according to the invention are characterized in the subclaims. To solve the problem, a loading basket with the features of
Mit Hilfe des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens gelingt es, jede beliebige Stelle der Ofenwand durch zusätzliche Materialanhäufung vor unzulässiger Wärmeeinwirkung durch die Elektroden zu schützen. Dies gelingt durch Einstellen der Lage der Behälter am Umfang des Beschickungskorbs. Wird z.B. festgestellt, daß die Ofenwand nur im Bereich der scharfen Phase besonders stark ausgewaschen wird, genügt es, an dieser Stelle zusätzliches Material vor der Ofenwand anzuhäufen. Dazu wird dann der Behälter an der betreffenden Stelle am Umfang des Beschickungskorbs rucksackartig angehängt. Zeichnet sich dagegen vorzeitiger Verschleiß an mehreren Stellen der Ofenwand ab, so werden die Behälter, durch die das zusätzliche Einsatzmaterial in den Ofen gebracht wird, am Umfang des Beschickungskorbs so positioniert, daß die betreffenden Ofenwandabschnitte durch das über die Behälter eingebrachte Material entsprechend geschützt werden. Dieser Vorteil dokumentiert sich also in einer großen Variabilität der Positionierung der Behälter und dementsprechend des über sie in den Ofen eingebrachten Einsatzmaterials zum Schutz der gefährdeten Ofenwandabschnitte.With the aid of the method according to the invention, it is possible to protect any point on the furnace wall by additional material accumulation against impermissible heat from the electrodes. This is achieved by adjusting the position of the containers on the circumference of the loading basket. If, for example, it is found that the furnace wall is washed out particularly heavily only in the area of the sharp phase, it is sufficient to accumulate additional material in front of the furnace wall at this point. For this purpose, the container is then attached to the relevant point on the circumference of the loading basket like a backpack. If, on the other hand, premature wear appears at several points on the furnace wall, the containers through which the additional feed material is brought into the furnace are positioned on the circumference of the loading basket in such a way that the relevant furnace wall sections are appropriately protected by the material introduced via the containers. This advantage is documented in the great variability in the positioning of the containers and accordingly the feed material introduced into the furnace through them to protect the endangered furnace wall sections.
Ein weiterer Vorteil des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens ist, daß die erforderliche Menge des über die Behälter in den Ofen eingebrachten Einsatzmaterials zum Schutz der gefährdeten Ofenwandabschnitte kurzfristig vor dem Zusatz je nach Verschleiß bzw. Beanspruchungsumfang festgelegt werden kann.Another advantage of the method according to the invention is that the required amount of the feed material introduced into the furnace via the containers to protect the endangered furnace wall sections can be determined shortly before the addition, depending on the wear or the extent of stress.
Es ist ferner von Vorteil, daß verschiedenartige feste Materialien, wie Kalk, Legierungen, kleinstückiger Schrott, Kleinbarren, stückig gemachter Staub aus Entstaubungsanlagen, zum Schutz der Ofenwand verwendbar sind.It is also advantageous that various types of solid materials, such as lime, alloys, small pieces of scrap, small bars, pieces of dust from dedusting systems, can be used to protect the furnace wall.
Ein entscheidender Vorteil ist schließlich, daß das erfindungsgemäße Verfahren mit Beschickungskörben ausgeführt werden kann, die das Gewicht des Beschickungskorbes nicht unzulässig erhöhen. Wenn man bedenkt, daß das Fassungsvermögen der Schmelzöfen und dementsprechend die Masse der chargierten Einsatzstoffe ständig zunimmt, dann ist es zur Minimierung der Traglast der zum Transport eingesetzten Krananlagen von großer Bedeutung, daß die Beschickungskörbe eine möglichst geringe Masse haben. Herkömmliche Beschickungskörbe, die aus zwei getrennten konzentrischen Kammern Einsatzstoffe in das Ofengefäß abladen, erfüllen diese Forderung nicht in dem gewünschten Maß.Finally, it is a decisive advantage that the method according to the invention can be carried out with loading baskets which do not impermissibly increase the weight of the loading basket. If you consider that the capacity of the melting furnaces and, accordingly, the mass of the charged feedstocks is constantly increasing, it is of great importance to minimize the load capacity of the crane systems used for transport that the loading baskets have the lowest possible mass. Conventional loading baskets that discharge feed materials into the furnace vessel from two separate concentric chambers do not meet this requirement to the desired extent.
Anhand der Zeichnung wird die Erfindung näher erläutert.The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing.
Es zeigen:
- Figur 1 eine schematische Draufsicht eines dreiphasigen Lichtbogen-Schmelzofens für Metallegierungen,
Figur 2 eine Draufsicht des Ofengefäßes mit in Abladeposition gefahrenem Beschickungskorb,Figur 3 den Beschickungskorb über dem Ofengefäß in teilweise geschnittener Seitenansicht.
- FIG. 1 shows a schematic top view of a three-phase arc melting furnace for metal alloys,
- FIG. 2 shows a top view of the furnace vessel with the loading basket moved into the unloading position,
- Figure 3 shows the loading basket over the furnace vessel in a partially sectioned side view.
Die drei Elektroden E innerhalb des Ofengefäßes O sind über die Zuleitungen Z an die drei Phasen des Transformators T angeschlossen. Die durch die Elektroden E infolge sogenannter Hot-spots (heiße Punkte) besonders gefährdeten Ofenwandbereiche W sind in Figur 1 durch schwarze Balken gekennzeichnet.The three electrodes E inside the furnace vessel O are connected to the three phases of the transformer T via the feed lines Z. The furnace wall regions W which are particularly endangered by the electrodes E as a result of so-called hot spots are identified by black bars in FIG. 1.
Wie aus den Figuren 2 und 3 ersichtlich ist, sind am Umfang des Beschickungskorbs B Behälter 1 in einer Lage verteilt, die der der gefährdeten Ofenwandbereiche (W des Ofengefäßes O entspricht. Mittels Haken 3 sind drei Behälter 1 am Rand des Beschickungskorbs B rucksackartig angehängt und liegen an seinem Außenmantel an. Jeder Beschickungskorb 1 hat zwei Aufnahmen 2, z.B. in Form von U-Profilen, in die ein Gabelstapler mit seiner Gabel zum Transport der Behälter 1 ansetzen kann. Jeder der bevorzugt metallenen beliebig geformten Behälter 1 hat eine Bodenklappe 5, die durch Hebel 6 verriegelt werden kann. Nach dem Schwenken der Hebel 6 kommt die Bodenklappe 5 frei und kann um das Lager 4 zum Öffnen klappen, wodurch sich der Inhalt des Behälters 1 in das Ofengefäß O entleert. Die Entladestelle der Behälter 1 wird so vorgewählt, daß sie vor den gefährdeten Ofenwandbereichen W liegt, um diese vor zu starker Hitzeeinwirkung zu schützen.As can be seen from FIGS. 2 and 3, containers 1 are distributed around the circumference of the loading basket B in a position which corresponds to that of the endangered furnace wall areas (W of the furnace vessel O) Each loading basket 1 has two
Die Hebel 6 haben zweckmäßigerweise einen horizontalen Ansatz, der beim Absenken des Beschickungskorbs B an den Oberrand des Ofengefäßes O stößt, wodurch ein Schwenken des Hebels 6 ausgelöst wird, die Bodenklappe 5 öffnet und sich der Inhalt des Behälters 1 in das Ofengefäß O entleert. Das Verriegeln der Bodenklappe 5 kann aber auch durch einen Schließbolzen 7 erfolgen, der an eine am Schrottkorbumfang umlaufende Kette 8 oder ein anderes Zugmittel befestigt ist. Der Schließbolzen 7 kann durch die Hilfshubkette 9 gezogen werden, wonach die Bodenklappe 5 öffnet.The
Claims (9)
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß vor
den durch die Nachbarschaft der Elektroden besonders hoch thermisch belasteten Wandabschnitten des Schmelzgefäßes gezielt zusätzliche Materialanhäufungen vorgenommen werden.1. Method for introducing solid substances into the melting vessel of an electric arc furnace by means of a loading basket,
characterized in that before
Additional material accumulations can be made in a targeted manner in the wall sections of the melting vessel which are particularly thermally stressed due to the vicinity of the electrodes.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß nach dem Füllen des Beschickungskorbes mit den zum Einschmelzen benötigten Stoffen ein oder mehrere mit Einsatzstoffen gefüllte Behälter an den Chargierkorb außen angehängt werden.2. The method according to claim 1,
characterized in that after the loading basket has been filled with the materials required for melting, one or more containers filled with starting materials are attached to the outside of the charging basket.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die gefüllten Behälter vor dem Chargieren des Ofens an vorgewählte Stellen an der Oberkante des Beschickungskorbes eingehängt werden und rucksackartig an dessen Außenmantel liegen.3. The method according to claim 2,
characterized in that the filled containers are hung at the selected location on the upper edge of the loading basket before charging the furnace and lie like a backpack on its outer jacket.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Behälter mit Kalk gefüllt werden.4. The method according to claim 2 or 3,
characterized in that the containers are filled with lime.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Behälter beim Absenken des Beschickungskorbes in das Schmelzgefäß bodenseitig selbsttägig öffnen und das in ihnen befindliche Material an der gewünschten Stelle im Ofen entleeren.5. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 4,
characterized in that the containers open automatically on the bottom side when the loading basket is lowered into the melting vessel and empty the material in them at the desired location in the furnace.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Behälter (1) zwei Aufnahmen (2) für Gabeln zum Transport, z.B. mittels Gabelstablern, aufweisen.7. loading basket according to claim 6,
characterized in that each container (1) has two receptacles (2) for forks for transport, for example by means of fork brackets.
dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Behälter (1) Haken oder Ösen für den Krantransport besitzen.8. loading basket according to claim 6,
characterized in that the containers (1) have hooks or eyes for crane transportation.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| DE3822828 | 1988-07-06 | ||
| DE3822828A DE3822828A1 (en) | 1988-07-06 | 1988-07-06 | METHOD FOR LOADING ARC FURNACE AND LOADING BASKET |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0349808A2 true EP0349808A2 (en) | 1990-01-10 |
| EP0349808A3 EP0349808A3 (en) | 1990-04-11 |
Family
ID=6358057
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP89110965A Withdrawn EP0349808A3 (en) | 1988-07-06 | 1989-06-16 | Process for charging of furnaces and charging basket |
Country Status (2)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| EP (1) | EP0349808A3 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3822828A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE4341233C2 (en) * | 1993-12-03 | 2002-05-16 | Eko Stahl Gmbh | Charging vessel for loading a metallurgical melting unit |
Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1545464A (en) * | 1967-11-28 | 1968-11-08 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Process for melting ferrous materials in an electric arc furnace |
| EP0126328A2 (en) * | 1983-04-26 | 1984-11-28 | Thyssen Stahl Aktiengesellschaft | Arc smelt furnace charging process and device for carrying it out |
Family Cites Families (3)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| DE3216102C1 (en) * | 1982-04-30 | 1983-10-06 | Mannesmann Ag | Loading basket for electric arc furnaces |
| DE3305611C1 (en) * | 1983-02-18 | 1984-08-16 | Krupp Stahl Ag, 4630 Bochum | Scrap-charging basket for electric arc furnace |
| DE3315040C2 (en) * | 1983-04-26 | 1986-03-13 | Thyssen Stahl AG, 4100 Duisburg | Loading device for arc melting furnaces |
-
1988
- 1988-07-06 DE DE3822828A patent/DE3822828A1/en active Granted
-
1989
- 1989-06-16 EP EP89110965A patent/EP0349808A3/en not_active Withdrawn
Patent Citations (2)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| FR1545464A (en) * | 1967-11-28 | 1968-11-08 | Exxon Research Engineering Co | Process for melting ferrous materials in an electric arc furnace |
| EP0126328A2 (en) * | 1983-04-26 | 1984-11-28 | Thyssen Stahl Aktiengesellschaft | Arc smelt furnace charging process and device for carrying it out |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| DE3822828A1 (en) | 1990-01-11 |
| DE3822828C2 (en) | 1990-05-10 |
| EP0349808A3 (en) | 1990-04-11 |
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