EP0340598B1 - Tiling - Google Patents

Abstract

The invention relates to tiling, in particular for a liquid-tight and/or acid- and alkali-proof floor and wall covering, consisting of tiles with a polygonal outline, each having a flat upper side, a flat or structured underside laid in a bed of adhesive compound, and tile flanks extending substantially perpendicularly to the upper side, the flanks of adjacent tiles delimiting joints which are likewise filled with the adhesive compound from below and/or with their own joint- filling compound from above, and the tile flanks being provided with structuring which increases the surface and permits the passage of the adhesive compound or the joint-filling compound through the joint. The new tiling is characterised in that the structuring consists of a multiplicity of indentations (23) and projections (24) which are arranged directly next to one another and which have mutually parallel longitudinal axes extending substantially perpendicularly to the upper side (20) of the tile (2). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a plate covering according to the preamble of claim 1.

A plate covering for the purpose mentioned is known for example from DE-PS 23 48 301. With this covering, the plates are also in an adhesive bed, whereby during the manufacture of the covering, mechanical shaking of the plates ensures that there is full contact between the adhesive on the one hand and the underside of the plate and the flanks of the plate on the other. In order to ensure a high load-bearing capacity and good flatness of the finished covering and to enable the aforementioned mechanical shaking without moving the panels, the panels are crunched, which results in very tight joints. On the one hand this is desirable, but on the other hand in practice it leads to the fact that part of the joints of the covering is not or only partially filled with the adhesive, because the adhesive is prevented from rising into the joints from below. This means that rework is required, but this usually does not achieve the required quality, since it is very difficult to completely fill tight joints from above. To make matters worse, the weaknesses and imperfections of the joint filling are not easily recognizable. This can cause the covering to leak from the start or early become leaky and have a reduced mechanical load capacity, in particular in the case of alternating thermal loads and the action of tangential forces.

From GB-A-20 32 485 a plate covering is known, consisting of plates with a polygonal outline, each having a flat top, a flat or structured, inserted in an adhesive bed underside and substantially perpendicular to the top of the plate flanks, the Limit flanks of adjacent panel joints, which are also filled with joint adhesive from below with joint filler, whereby the panel flanks are provided with a structuring that increases the surface area and allows the adhesive or joint filler to pass through the joint, the structuring consisting of a large number of directly next to one another arranged spacers, which have mutually parallel, substantially perpendicular to the top of the plate longitudinal axes.

A disadvantage of GB-A-20 32 485 is that the spacers do not allow the panel covering to be firmly bonded.

From DE-PS 119 766 an artificial stone or an artificial plate for the production of wall and ceiling coverings, plasters and the like is known. This plate has on the sides widened inwards, the plate thickness not fully penetrating cavities or protruding lobes, into which this base mass occurs when pressed into the base consisting of hardening material, so that the plates not only harden with their base, but also are firmly connected to each other. The caves are either continuous, elongated depressions or a series of a few, aligned elongated depressions, the longitudinal axes of which run parallel to the side flanks of the plate. When viewed in cutting directions perpendicular to the top of the panel, the cavities can be dovetail-shaped. When viewed from above, the alternatively provided projecting tabs have a trapezoidal outline, the base, ie the broad side, always facing the associated plate. Although the measures described increase the surface of the panel flanks in the joint area, it is still relatively easy for the joint filling to tear off from the panel flanks and thus lead to leaks, especially if the floor or wall covering consisting of these panels is high mechanical and / or thermal alternating loads. In addition, it is hardly possible with such panels to completely fill the cavities with the base material or the material of the adhesive bed, because air displacement from the cavities during the laying and / or grouting of the panels is not ensured. As a result, voids, so-called cavities, remain in the adhesive of the adhesive bed or the joint filling.

The projections serving as spacers are designed with a trapezoidal outline when viewed in plan view of the plate or also in a section running in the plane of the plate, the longer trapezoidal side in each case facing the plate. Accordingly, the depressions lying between the projections also each have a trapezoidal outline, as viewed in the viewing direction indicated above, with their longer trapezoidal side facing away from the plate. This means that none of the There is a recess with undercuts running on the top of the plate to the underside of the plate.

If these plates are laid to a floor covering or wall covering, the depressions, which are opposite each other in pairs, each form a hexagon shape, the angles between two adjacent sides of the hexagon being greater than 90 ° in all cases. The undercut areas provided in these known plates are without exception in the plate underside, not in the plate flanks, and have longitudinal directions parallel to the plane of the plate top.

Another disadvantage of DE-PS 119 766 is that the plates described there cannot be used to produce a solid, form-fitting composite of adjacent plates.

It is therefore the task of creating a board covering of the type mentioned, which has improved laying and use properties, d. H. in particular, it is easy to lay without voids, has a high and permanent tightness and is highly resilient.

This object is achieved according to the invention by a plate covering of the type mentioned at the outset with the characterizing features of patent claim 1.

With the invention it is ensured that a defined joint space remains even when the laying work greatly simplifies and accelerates the crunching of the boards, which reliably fills or can be filled with adhesive during the manufacture of the board covering. Due to the alternation of protrusions and recesses, a complete penetration of the adhesive is ensured even in narrow joint areas, because the adhesive can flow not only from below, but also sideways and therefore in very short distances into the narrow joint areas. This flow process can be promoted by wetting the resulting capillary forces. The air displaced from the underside of the board and out of the joints escapes easily and unhindered to the top of the board covering without any special measures, so that cavities under the flooring in the adhesive bed and in the joints in the joint filling compound are avoided. As a result, the board covering becomes high-quality and reliably sealed with simple and quick installation, without a new, special method of operation being required in its manufacture. With a suitable, inherently rigid substrate, additional sealing or drainage layers that have previously been laid under a panel covering can even be dispensed with entirely for the new panel covering for safety reasons. Due to the design of the plates, their manufacture is kept relatively simple. For example, the structuring of the flanks in ceramic plates can be created as soon as they are formed and thus before the plates are fired. In addition to ceramic plates, plates made from metal, carbon materials, plastics with and without fillers or from natural materials such as natural stone or wood can also be used.

Furthermore, with the invention, the adhesion between the adhesive and the plates in the area of the plate flanks and thus the connection between the adjacent plates is significantly improved, so that the plate covering can withstand loads of a mechanical, thermal and chemical nature much better and longer. Leakages due to tearing of the adhesive from the panel flanks are largely ruled out with the new panel covering. The panel covering thus offers increased security against leakage and an extended service life free of repairs and renewals.

According to the invention it is provided that the depressions are undercut when seen in section parallel to the top of the plate. As a result of the mutual clawing and interlocking, a particularly firm cohesion between the panel flanks and the joint filling compound and thus between adjacent panels is achieved. The entire panel covering thus has a very high stability and extremely reliable tightness and durability.

It is preferably provided that the depressions and projections on the plate flanks are dovetail-shaped when viewed in a section running parallel to the top of the plate, as a result of which a particularly strong plate bond is produced.

With regard to the dimensioning of the projections and recesses, the new plate covering provides that the ratio between the length of the main axis of the plate running in the plate plane and the depth and width of a recess in the plate plane or the horizontal length and width of a projection in the plate plane between 20 : 1 and 200: 1. Relative to the dimensions of the plate, the projections and depressions are thus small, so that they do not take up more space than the joint space usually provided in conventional plate coverings. In addition, the arrangement of a comparatively large number of projections or depressions on each side of the plate is made possible. Furthermore, each plate retains the usual plate character, namely to form a geometrical area delimited by clear contours when viewed from above, e.g. B. a square, a rectangle, a hexagon etc.

In order to adapt the external appearance of the panel covering in the finished state even more to the conventional appearance of panel coverings and in order to achieve the smoothest possible surface of the joint filling compound in the area of the upper joint termination, the upper, from the flanks and the upper side are provided formed edges of the plates are chamfered, the extent of the chamfer in the plate plane being equal to or greater than the depth of the depressions in the plate plane or the length of the projections in the plate plane in the flanks.

In order to be able to produce the plates for the new plate covering in casting or pressing molds, it is provided that the plates are conical with flanks that are inclined inwards from bottom to top. This ensures that the panels can be easily removed from the mold during their manufacture. In addition, the resulting wedge shape of the joints, which is open at the top, between adjacent panels enables reliable filling of the joints with joint filling compound and improved control of complete filling of the joints. The taper of the plates is preferably between 1 and 5% of the plate thickness. With a plate thickness of z. B. 10 mm, this would mean that the plate in the area or in the plane of the top is about 0.1 - 0.5 mm smaller than in the area or in the plane of its bottom. The joint between two adjacent panels of this type would then be 0.2-1.0 mm wider at the top than at the bottom.

It is further provided that the depressions widen conically from bottom to top and the projections narrow conically from bottom to top, which likewise achieves the advantages explained in the preceding paragraph.

The invention further provides that the adhesive and / or the joint filling compound, as is known per se, is also a low-viscosity acid putty based on epoxy resin, polyester, phenolic resin or furan resin for the new tile covering described above.

Due to their advantageous properties, especially with regard to tightness and durability, the new plate coverings according to the present invention are versatile, z. B. in all areas of application of acid protection, acid protection technology and surface protection technology. The food and beverage and chemical industries are particularly worth mentioning here. In the latter, the plate coverings are u. a. for collection rooms of tanks and generally wherever chemically resistant and / or sealed floor and wall coverings are required. This includes both the entire application area of industrial construction and the kitchen and slaughterhouse area as well as the private application area, e.g. B. for balconies, patios, baths and swimming pools, d. H. where panel coverings come into contact with moisture or liquids.

Figur 1

einen Plattenbelag in einer Teil-Aufsicht auf seine Oberseite,

Figur 2

den Plattenbelag in einem Teil-Schnitt parallel zu seiner Oberseite,

Figur 3

eine Platte des Plattenbelages in einer Teilansicht auf eine Plattenflanke,

Figur 4

eine Platte im Teil-Querschnitt durch den Flankenbereich,

Figur 5

den Plattenbelag, bestehend aus Platten gemäß Figur 8 im Teilquerschnitt durch den Fugenbereich und

Figur 6

den Plattenbelag in einer geänderten Ausführung, ebenfalls im Teilquerschnitt durch den Fugenbereich.

Embodiments of the invention are explained below with reference to a drawing. The figures in the drawing show:

Figure 1

a slab covering in partial supervision on its upper side,

Figure 2

the panel covering in a partial cut parallel to its top,

Figure 3

a plate of the plate covering in a partial view of a plate flank,

Figure 4

a plate in partial cross-section through the flank area,

Figure 5

the slab covering, consisting of slabs according to FIG. 8 in partial cross-section through the joint area and

Figure 6

the board covering in a modified version, also in partial cross-section through the joint area.

As shown in FIG. 1 of the drawing, the first exemplary embodiment of the plate covering 1 shown here consists of hexagonal plates 2. The underside of the plates 2, which is not visible here, is placed in an adhesive bed and abuts an adjacent plate 2 along its circumference Flanks 22 facing one another are provided with a structure which, in the exemplary embodiment shown in FIG. 1, is formed by dovetail-shaped depressions 23 and projections 24 running perpendicular to the top side 20 of the plate. As a result, joints 10 are formed between the plates 2, which have the shape of a chain of wing-shaped recesses when seen in section parallel to the upper side 20 of the plate. There is a narrower joint area between each wing-shaped joint area. In the manufacture of the panel covering 1, these joints 10 fill from below with the adhesive used to embed the panels 2, which also spreads into the narrow joint areas with additional lateral expansion. Alternatively or additionally, an additional joint filler can be introduced into the joints 10 from above, e.g. B. be slurried.

The course and shape of the joints 10 in the region of the meeting of three panels 2 can be seen particularly clearly from FIG. The shape of the flanks 22 of the individual plates 2 is such that a recess 23 in one plate 2 is exactly opposite a recess 23 in the adjacent plate 2. Accordingly, two projections 24 in adjacent plates 2 also lie opposite one another. Furthermore, FIG. 2 shows the filling of the joints 10 with the adhesive or joint filling compound 30. After they have hardened, the plates 2 are very firmly connected to one another due to the undercuts of the depressions 23. In contrast to the first exemplary embodiment according to FIG. 1, the corners of the depressions 23 and projections 24 are slightly rounded here, which - depending on the material of the plates 2 - may simplify the manufacture of the plates 2.

From the partial side view of the flank 22 of the plate 2 according to FIG. 3 it can be seen that the depressions 23 and projections 24 have longitudinal axes which run parallel to one another and are oriented perpendicular to the upper side 20 of the plate 2. Furthermore, FIG. 3 shows that the number of depressions 23 and projections 24 is relatively large in relation to the dimensions of plate 2.

In the area of the edge of the plate 2 formed between the upper side 20 and the flank 22, a chamfer 25 is formed, the extent of which in the direction parallel to the upper side 20 of the plate 2 is so large that the depressions 23 do not extend to the upper side 20, but rather end before.

On the underside 21 of the plate 2 according to FIG. 3 there is a structuring 21 ′ which consists of a the number of depressions 23 plus projections 24 corresponds to the number of grooves or projecting strips of triangular cross-sectional shape.

FIG. 4 shows particularly clearly the design of the plate 2 from FIG. 3 in cross section through the region of the flank 22, the section running exactly through a recess 23. The projection 24 can therefore be seen in the background in a side view. The flank 22 is formed in its upper part with the chamfer 25 already mentioned in connection with FIG. 3, which runs from the top 20 of the plate 2 to the flank 22.

FIG. 5 shows, in a representation corresponding to FIG. 4, a section of a plate covering in cross section through the area of a joint 10. The two adjacent plates 2 point towards one another with their flanks 22 and enclose the joint 10 between them. With its underside 21, the plates 2 are in an adhesive bed 3, which in turn is on a supporting substructure, for. B. a concrete slab 4, is applied.

The chamfer 25, which forms the transition from the flanks 22 to the upper sides 20 of the two plates 2, is again present in the upper region of the plate flanks 22. Furthermore, it can be seen from FIG. 9 that the joint filling compound 30 or the adhesive compound of the adhesive bed 3 fills the joint 10 completely and flush with the upper side 20 of the two adjacent plates 2. In cooperation with the chamfer 25 it is achieved that the structuring of the plate flanks 22 on the upper side 20 of the plate covering or of the plates 2 does not appear.

Figure 6 finally shows a further embodiment using two adjacent plates 2, which also are placed in an adhesive bed 3. In contrast to the previously described exemplary embodiments, here the flanks 22 of the two adjacent plates 2 are bevelled or inclined, which results in a wedge-shaped course of the joint 10 which narrows from top to bottom when viewed in the cross-sectional direction through the plates 2. Correspondingly, the projections and depressions which are not visible in detail here are designed such that the depressions widen upwards and accordingly the projections narrow upwards. This in particular enables the plates 2 to be produced in molds or molds and their simple demolding.

Claims (8)

1. A slab lining, particularly for a fluid tight and/or acid or lye resistant, respectively, floor and wall lining, consisting of slabs (2) with a polygonal contour each comprising a flat upper side (20), a flat or structured under side (21) embedded in a bonding agent embedding (3) and slab flanks (22) extending substantially vertical to the upper side (20), wherein the flanks (22) of adjacent slabs (2) defined joints (10) which are also filled with the bonding agent (3) from the bottom and/or filled with a separate joint filler (30) from the top, wherein the slab flanks (22) are comprised with a structure enlarging the surface and enabling the penetration of the bonding agent (3) or the joint filler through the joint (10), wherein the structure consists of a plurality of projections (24) arranged side by side,
   characterized in,
   that the projections (24) forming the structure are arranged side by side at the slab flanks (22) and encompass recesses (23) inbetween extending in the slab flanks (22) from the slab upper side (20) to the slab under side (21), that the projections (24) and the recesses (23) comprise longitudinal axes extending in parallel with each other substantially vertical to the plane of the upper side (20) of the slab (2) and that the recesses (23) are formed undercut as viewed in a section in parallel with the slab upper side (20).
2. Slab lining as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that the recesses (23) and projections (24) at the slab flanks (22) are dovetail shaped as viewed in a section in parallel with the slab upper side (20).
3. Slab lining as claimed in the claims 1 or 2, characterized in that the relation between the length of the main axis of the slab (2) extending in the slab plane thereof on the one side and the depth and width of a recess (23) in the slab plane or the horizontal length and width of a projection (24) in the slab plane on the other side is between 20:1 and 200:1.
4. Slab lining as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the upper edges of the slabs (2) defined by the flanks (22) and the upper side (20) are chamfered wherein the extension of the chamfer (25) in the slab plane is equal to or larger than the depth of the recesses (23) in the slab plane or the length of the projections (24) in the slab plane in the flanks (22) respectively.
5. Slab lining as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 4, characterized in that the slabs (2) are formed conical with flanks (22) inclined inwards as viewed from the bottom to the top.
6. Slab lining as claimed in claim 5, characterized in that the conicality of the slabs (2) is between 1 and 5 % of the slab thickness.
7. Slab lining as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the recesses (23) are formed conically enlarging from the bottom to the top and the projections (24) are formed conically narrowing from the bottom to the top.
8. Slab lining as claimed in one of the claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the bonding agent (3) and/or the joint filler (30) is a low viscous acidic cement on basis of epoxy resin, polyester resin, phenolic resin or furane resin.

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