EP0328945A2 - Door closer - Google Patents

Abstract

So that an opened door (1) can be fixed in a selectable predetermined opening position, a door closer (4) designed as an upper door closer and having a setting-out arm (6) guided in a sliding rail (5) has a stop device (13) mounted on the sliding rail (5). It consists of a spring-loaded blocking element (15) which, in the intended opening position of the door, engages with a sliding element (7) attached to the free end of the setting-out arm (6). In particular, the blocking element (15) projects into the path of movement of the sliding element (7) which moves along the sliding rail when the door is being opened. As a result of slopes (19 and 22), both the engagement and the disengagement take place relatively easily, and disengagement can be obtained by means of a vigorous closing movement of the door. Instead, the blocking element (15) can also be retracted by auxiliary force or by hand. To make assembly easier, the sliding rail (5) is not mounted directly on the fixed frame (2) of the door (1), but indirectly via an assembly rail (41) previously screwed to the fixed frame. The connection is secured by means of screws (47). <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to a door closer, the opening arm is connected at one end in a rotationally fixed manner to the door closer drive shaft and at the other carries a sliding element which can be displaced and rotated in a slide rail attached to a fixed frame or the like. It is a so-called overhead door closer with a parallel arm linkage that is attached to the door. In this door closer, the extension arm is guided in a slide rail on the fixed frame, its sliding element being displaced and rotated in the slide rail due to the pivoting of the extension arm when the door is opened and closed. The extension arm is under a pretension that wants to push him away from the fixed frame. As such, it is the task of this door closer to automatically close the door equipped with it after the user has released it. However, there are also situations where you do not want this automatic closing for a certain period of time.

The object of the invention is therefore to develop a door closer of the type mentioned in such a way that it also keeps the door open if desired.

To solve this problem, the invention proposes that the door closer is designed according to the preamble of claim 1 in accordance with the characterizing part of this claim. In the door closer described at the beginning, the sliding element moves in the slide rail when the door is opened, for example from right to left, and consequently when it is closed from left to right. If one now attaches a spring-loaded locking element in the movement range of the sliding element moving in the opening direction at a predetermined position of the slide rail, the door can only be opened until the sliding element has arrived at the locking element and is coupled with it. Coupling is possible due to the spring loading of this locking element against the force of a spring if the door is opened slightly further after the sliding element hits the locking element. If one later presses the door held in the open position with the aid of the coupling of the sliding element and locking element with the necessary force, the force of the loading becomes again overcome the load spring of the locking element and uncoupled the locking device. Instead, you can also move the locking element back against the force of its loading spring by means of an auxiliary force, so that it releases the sliding element after covering a sufficient distance. After uncoupling, the closing spring of the door closer can have an effect and close the door. The locking element does not have to be attached directly to the slide rail, rather an indirect attachment is also possible and preferably also provided. In addition, it is easy to see that when the locking element is releasably attached to the slide rail, the opening angle at which the door is to be fixed can be changed or adjusted.

A further development of the invention provides that the locking element can be displaced transversely to the longitudinal axis of the slide rail and thus also transversely to the movement of the slide element in the slide rail. According to a further embodiment of the invention, the locking element has a run-up slope and a catch receptacle for the sliding element which adjoins it in the direction of movement of the sliding element. About this ramp bevel the locking element is pushed back by the sliding element when the door is opened against the resistance of its loading spring. As soon as the sliding element arrives in front of the latching receptacle, it springs into it in a spring-driven manner and thereby causes the door to be locked, the locking element returning to its starting position.

Unlatching via a closing movement of the door is facilitated in a very advantageous manner in that the latching receptacle is provided with at least one oblique side edge which is adjacent to the run-up slope and is inclined in opposite directions thereto. One could also refer to the run-on slope as the run-in run-up slope and the sloping side edge as the run-out run-up slope.

Advantageously, the locking element can be displaced by means of a sliding member which can be displaced in a housing or the like which can be fastened to the slide rail. This housing can be attached to the desired position on the slide rail and possibly adjusted by moving it to one side or the other so that the open locking angle of the door is reached.

As already explained, the opening arm of the door closer is spring-loaded, the spring loading the opening arm arranged approximately parallel to its plane in the direction of an inclined position when the door is closed. This complicates the assembly of the door closer, in particular the opening arm in the slide rail, because the latter has to be inserted into the slide rail with its free end or its slide element.

In this respect, it is a further object of the invention to develop the door closer described at the outset in such a way that its assembly is easier and therefore quicker to carry out.

To achieve this object, it is proposed according to the invention that the door closer is designed in accordance with the preamble of claim 15 in accordance with the characterizing part of this claim.

On the fixed frame or the like, in particular on its upper cross member, the mounting rail is first attached. Because this is separated from the slide rail at least prior to assembly, the force of the load spring acting on the extension arm cannot have an effect when the assembly rail is struck. When this is installed, the slide rail is connected to it, on which the door closer is already located. While the slide rail is usually screwed to the fixed frame, which requires a relatively long amount of time and precise work, and is also made more difficult by the spring force of the extension arm, the slide rail can be attached to the mounting rail with the mounting rail by plugging, sliding or in another known quick connection type relatively quickly couple and then, if necessary, secure the connection. This is done much faster than screwing the slide rail in the prior art or the mounting rail of this door closer. As a result, the force of the spring hardly has a disadvantageous effect when a mounting rail is used, so that this door closer can be assembled more easily overall and, ultimately, because the spring is no longer obstructed, it can also be installed more quickly.

In a preferred embodiment of the invention, the slide rail and the mounting rail are coupled in a form-fitting manner. So you can put them together relatively quickly.

A further development of the invention provides that the slide rail can be placed on the mounting rail from above, with a downward-facing strip of the slide rail engaging behind another strip of the mounting rail pointing in the opposite direction. As soon as you have slid the slide rail with the door closer onto the mounting rail from above, the assembly is at least largely completed. If you do not have a locking or similar automatic connection, you only have to secure the slide rail in relation to the mounting rail in the lifting direction.

Further advantageous configurations of both designs of the door closer according to the invention result from the claims and the following description of the drawings.

• Fig. 1: Eine Draufsicht auf das obere Ende einer mit dem Türschließer ausgestatteten Tür,
• Fig. 2: eine Draufsicht auf diesen Türschließer und die Tür mit einem festen Rahmen,
• Fig. 3: in vergrößertem Maßstab eine senkrecht zur Türebene gerichtete Ansicht einer er­sten Variante des Türschließers bei quer zu ihrer Längsachse geschnittenen Gleitschiene,
• Fig. 4: in verkleinertem Maßstab eine zweite Ausfüh­rungsform der Erfindung ohne das Gehäuse des Türschließers, jedoch mit einer teilweise in vertikaler Richtung geschnittenen Arretie­rungsvorrichtung für den Ausstellarm,
• Fig. 5: eine Ansicht der Fig. 4 in Pfeilrichtung A,
• Fig. 6: eine Draufsicht auf Fig. 5 in Pfeilrichtung B,
• Fig. 7: einen Schnitt gemäß der Linie VII-VII der Fig. 5.

The invention is explained in more detail with reference to the drawing. The drawing shows two embodiments of the invention. Here represent:

• 1: a plan view of the upper end of a door equipped with the door closer,
• 2: a plan view of this door closer and the door with a fixed frame,
• 3: on an enlarged scale, a view of a first variant of the door closer directed perpendicular to the door plane with the slide rail cut transversely to its longitudinal axis,
• 4: on a reduced scale, a second embodiment of the invention without the housing of the door closer, but with a locking device for the opening arm, partially cut in the vertical direction,
• 5: a view of FIG. 4 in the direction of arrow A,
• 6: a plan view of FIG. 5 in the direction of arrow B,
• 7: a section along the line VII-VII of FIG. 5.

The door 1 is rotatably mounted on a fixed frame 2. For this purpose, it has at least two rotary bearings 3 arranged one above the other, the upper one of which can be seen in FIG. 1. At the upper end of the door a door closer 4 is attached, which is consequently designed as a so-called overhead door closer. The slide rail 5 is located on the fixed frame, into which the slide element 7 attached to the free end of an opening arm 6 coupled to the door closer 4 is perpendicular to the image plane of FIG. 3 is slidably mounted. The end of the opening arm 6 on the door closer side is coupled in a rotationally fixed manner to the drive shaft 12 of the door closer. If the door is opened in the direction of arrow 8, this causes on the one hand rotation of the extension arm by the drive shaft and on the other hand rotation and longitudinal displacement of the sliding element 7 in the slide rail 5 in the direction of arrow 9. The mode of operation of the hydraulic overhead door closer as such is already known. The rotation of the drive shaft, via a corresponding conversion mechanism, causes a piston in the door closer to be displaced, which displaces a medium filled in the latter from a cylinder space located in front of the piston into a cylinder located behind it. A return spring of the door closer is tensioned, which turns the piston back to its original position after the door is released. When turning back and the backflow caused thereby, the hydraulic medium flows via a different flow path than when the door is opened, but above all it has to flow through a throttle device when the door is closed, as a result of which the closing takes place more slowly than the normal door opening.

In the exemplary embodiment, the sliding element 7 consists of an axis 10 and a sliding roller 11 arranged at its free end. If one limits the displacement movement of the sliding element in the sliding rail when the door is opened, the door can be opened only open up to an angle of rotation corresponding to this shift distance. Furthermore, there is the possibility in an advantageous manner to determine the door which has been opened so far. This is expediently done by means of a locking device 13 that automatically comes into operation. It has a housing 14 in which a locking element 15 is mounted so as to be displaceable in the direction of the double arrow 16 against the resistance of a return spring 17. The displacement movement is directed transversely, in particular perpendicularly to the longitudinal axis of the slide rail 5.

When the door is opened, the sliding element 7 approaches a run-up slope 19 of the blocking element 15, which is directed, for example, at approximately 45 ° to the longitudinal axis of the blocking element. Finally, it hits this run-up slope and displaces the locking element 15 in the direction of arrow 20 against the resistance of the return spring 17. In the direction of arrow 18, a catch receptacle 21 connects to the run-up slope 19. When the sliding element 7 has arrived before the snap-in receptacle, the spring-loaded locking element 15 springs back into its starting position against the arrow 20, as a result of which a locking or coupling takes place. Because the sliding movement of the sliding element 7 in the slide rail 5 is now blocked, the door cannot be closed by the door closer. It is assumed that the spring 17 and the restoring force of the door closer are designed accordingly.

Advantageously, at least that of the run-up slope 19 is added Ordered edge 22 of the locking receptacle 21 is also formed as a run-up slope, but with an oppositely directed inclination. If a sufficiently large force acting against the arrow 18 acts on the sliding element 7, this again results in the locking element 15 being displaced in the direction of the arrow 20. As soon as the sliding element has passed over the hump 23 and is completely outside the displacement range of the locking element, the latter can return to the starting position. This release force is due to a manual closing movement of the door. After uncoupling the door can be released so that it is automatically closed with the help of the door closer.

A second possibility of uncoupling the sliding element 7 and the locking element 15 or the release of the locking device is achieved by moving the locking element 15 in the direction of the arrow 20 by means of a corresponding assistant. This can be both a manual force and another known auxiliary force, for example an electromagnetic force.

In the exemplary embodiment, the optional triggering of the locking device 13 is provided by means of a manual force. For this purpose, a sliding member 24 in the sense of the double arrow 25 is slidably mounted in the housing 14 of the locking device 13. In the exemplary embodiment, the guide for the sliding member 24 runs perpendicular to that of the locking member 15. The sliding member and the locking member can be moved via a tab or a link 26 as coupled, which is articulated on the locking member 15 via an axis 27 and articulated on the sliding member 24 via a further axis 28. From Fig. 6 it can be seen that in the locked position of the sliding member, the longitudinal axis of the handlebar or a straight line defined by the geometric axes of the axes of rotation 27 and 28 with the dash-dotted longitudinal central axis 29 of the locking member 15 or a line parallel thereto includes an acute angle. In contrast, the straight line through the axes 27 and 28 forms an obtuse angle with a longitudinal axis 30 of the sliding member 24. In the exemplary embodiment, this longitudinal axis 13 is an imaginary line parallel to the longitudinal edges, which extends laterally offset to the non-drawn longitudinal center line of the sliding member 24.

As already explained, the sliding member 24 can be deflected against the resistance of a return spring 17 when engaging and disengaging. This spring is supported on one end on a shoulder 31 of the sliding member 24 and on the other end on a shoulder 32 of the housing 14 of the locking device 13. It is preferably in each case pressed-in bolts. Furthermore, the sliding member 24 can be displaced by means of a rotatable actuating member 33 against the resistance of the spring 17. It is rotatably mounted in the housing 14 and carries two internal eccentrics 34 in the exemplary embodiment. The axis of rotation of the actuating member is designated 56. The eccentrics 34 bear against a push-off surface 35 of the sliding member 24, which is formed by the inner surface of a wall 36 of the sliding member 24 remote from the blocking element 15. Each eccentric is based on that in FIG. 7 drawn position after a 180 ° rotation in a dead center position. Since each eccentric engages in a lateral recess 57 of the sliding member 24, it is positively coupled in both sliding directions. In the dead center position of the eccentric 34, the locking element is in its ineffective position.

In a manner not shown, an electromechanical or magnetic adjustment can take the place of the mechanical adjustment of the locking member. Here, the sliding member 24 is coupled to the armature of an electromagnet. When this is excited, the locking element assumes its locking or working position. If the current is interrupted, the magnet pulls the locking member into an ineffective position in which the door cannot be locked by the locking device 13.

From Fig. 4 it follows that the slide rail 5 is equipped with a mounting groove 37 which receives a sliding block 38. It is provided with at least one thread into which a screw 39 is screwed. It passes through a wall 40 of the housing 14 of the locking device 13. If the screw has not yet been tightened, the locking device 13 can be displaced perpendicular to the image plane of FIG. 4 along the slide rail 5 and locked in place by tightening the screw 39.

The slide rail 5 is attached to the fixed frame 2 indirectly via a mounting rail 41. The latter is first mounted on the fixed frame 2, in particular screwed on. Their length suitably corresponds approximately to that of the slide rail 5. The slide rail and the mounting rail 41 are coupled in a form-fitting manner. For this purpose, on the slide rail there is a bar 42 which points downward in the mounting position and which engages behind another bar 43 of the mounting rail 41 which points in the opposite direction. The slide rail strip 42 is part of a U-shaped receptacle 44 of the slide rail 5 in cross section. The lower end of the slide rail 5 on the mounting rail side is supported on a front surface 46 of the mounting rail 41. This runs in particular parallel to the contact surface 48 of the fixed frame 2.

The slide rail 5 is plugged onto the screwed mounting rail 41 from above in the direction of arrow 49, the surfaces 46 and 48 being used for reliable guidance. As soon as the U-shaped receptacle 44 has overlapped the other bar 43, the assembly of the slide rail 5 has essentially already been completed, so that the force of the spring acting on the extension arm 6 can no longer have a disruptive effect. This assembly position only has to be secured. This is done with the aid of a plurality of screws 47 arranged next to one another in the longitudinal direction of the rails.

At the upper end facing the free end of the sliding element 7 Web 50 of the slide rail 5 is a longitudinal groove 51, which is preferably designed as a dovetail groove. It can be used, for example, to insert an opening limitation which, similar to the locking device 13, is inserted and clamped therein. It can be equipped with a projection protruding into the rail interior, which protrudes into the movement path of the sliding element 7, in particular the sliding roller 11. By moving in the groove 51, you can also set the limit angle here as desired.

From Fig. 3 it follows that you can also insert a cover profile 52 in the mounting groove 37, for example. According to FIG. 3, it is not only possible to incorporate a fastening groove 37 into the web 53, but also to introduce at least one, but preferably two, electrical conductor tracks 54 and 55. They can be used for power supply if, for example, the blocking element 15 is to be able to be withdrawn by means of an electromagnet or another electrically operable device. Corresponding current collectors are located on the housing 14 and are electrically connected, for example, to the electromagnet. The housing 14 can thus be moved as desired along the slide rail 5 without there being any problems with regard to the power supply to the electromagnet or the like.

Claims (23)

1. Door closer, the extension arm (6) is rotatably connected at one end to the door closer drive shaft (12) and the other one in a fixed frame (2) or the like. The door (1) attached slide rail (5) and rotatable sliding element (7), characterized in that a spring-loaded locking element (15), which is mounted on the sliding rail (5) and protrudes into the movement path of the sliding element (7) and can be coupled to and through the opening movement of the door (1) a closing movement of the door or an auxiliary force acting on the locking element (15) can be uncoupled. 2. Door closer according to claim 1, characterized in that the locking element (15) is displaceable transversely to the longitudinal axis of the slide rail (5). 3. Door closer according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the locking element (15) has a run-up slope (19) and an in the direction of movement (18) of the sliding element (7) adjoining locking receptacle (21) for the sliding element (7). 4. Door closer according to claim 3, characterized in that the latching receptacle (21) is provided with at least one oblique side edge (22) which is adjacent to the run-up slope (19) and inclined in opposite directions thereto. 5. Door closer according to at least one of claims 2 to 4, characterized in that the locking element (15) by means of a in a to the slide rail (5) attachable housing (14) or the like. Slidable sliding member (24) is displaceable. 6. Door closer according to claim 5, characterized in that the sliding member (24) is displaceable transversely, in particular perpendicularly, to the housing (24) or the like. Locking element (15) and both are coupled to one another, in particular in a form-fitting manner, and in Housing guides are guided. 7. Door closer according to claim 6, characterized in that the sliding member (24) and the locking element (15) are coupled together by means of a rotatably mounted on the two link arms (26). 8. Door closer according to claim 7, characterized in that in the locked position a straight line through the geometric axes of the handlebar axles (27 and 28) with the longitudinal central axis of the sliding member (15) an acute and with a perpendicular longitudinal axis (30) an obtuse angle includes. 9. Door closer according to at least one of claims 5 to 8, characterized in that between the sliding member (24) and its housing (14) a return spring (17) is used in each case in the coupling and uncoupling movement of the locking element (15). 10. Door closer according to claim 9, characterized in that the ends of the return spring (15) for the sliding member (24) are each supported on a shoulder (31, 32), in particular a cross bolt. 11. Door closer according to at least one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the sliding member (24) by means of a preferably rotatable actuator (33) and an intermediate transmission device (34, 35) is displaceable. 12. Door closer according to claim 11, characterized in that the transmission device has at least one eccentric (34) or the like. On the actuating member (33) which abuts a push-off surface (35) or edge of the sliding member (24). 13. Door closer according to claim 12, characterized in that the locking element (15) is approximately in the dead center position of the transmission device (34, 35) in an ineffective position. 14. Door closer according to at least one of claims 5 to 10, characterized in that the sliding member (24) is coupled to an electromagnet, the locked position being assigned to the excited magnet and the inactive position of the locking element (15) to the de-energized magnet. 15. Door closer, the opening arm (6) is connected at one end to the door closer drive shaft (12) in a rotationally fixed manner and at the other end a slide rail (5) attached to a fixed frame (2) or the like. The door is at least displaceable and preferably also lockable Carrying sliding element (7), characterized in that the sliding rail (5) can be connected to a mounting rail (41) which can be connected to the fixed frame (2) or the like. 16. Door closer according to claim 15, characterized in that the slide rail (5) and the mounting rail (41) can be coupled in a form-fitting manner. 17. A door closer according to claim 16, characterized in that the slide rail (5) can be placed on the mounting rail from above, with a downward-facing strip (42) of the sliding rail (5) having an opposite strip (43) on the mounting rail ( 41) engages behind. 18. Door closer according to claim 17, characterized in that the slide rail strip (42) forms part of a U-shaped receptacle (44) of the slide rail (5) in cross sections. 19. Door closer according to claim 18, characterized in that the lower end (45) of the slide rail (5) is supported on the front surface (46) of the mounting rail (41) and both rails (41 and 5) by means of screws arranged at longitudinal intervals (47) are releasably connectable. 20. Door closer according to at least one of claims 15 to 19, characterized in that on the inside of the free end of the sliding element (7) facing upper web (50) of the slide rail (5) is a longitudinal groove (51), in particular dovetail groove . 21. Door closer according to at least one of claims 15 to 20, characterized in that on the outside of the motor rail (41) arranged away, downwardly projecting vertical web (52) of the slide rail (5) has a fastening groove (37), in particular for a cover profile (52) or a locking device (13) for the sliding element (7) according to at least one of claims 1 to 12. 22. Door closer according to claim 21, characterized in that the housing (14) of the locking device (13) covers at least one, but preferably two electrical conductor tracks (54, 55) of the slide rail (5). 23. Door closer according to claim 22 and at least one of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that current collectors for each conductor track (54, 55) are attached to the displaceable housing (14) of the sliding member (24).

Images