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EP0322951A1 - Device for the rapid production of artificiel mist, and process for the manufacture of mist shells - Google Patents

Device for the rapid production of artificiel mist, and process for the manufacture of mist shells Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0322951A1
EP0322951A1 EP88202865A EP88202865A EP0322951A1 EP 0322951 A1 EP0322951 A1 EP 0322951A1 EP 88202865 A EP88202865 A EP 88202865A EP 88202865 A EP88202865 A EP 88202865A EP 0322951 A1 EP0322951 A1 EP 0322951A1
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Prior art keywords
sets
fog
mist
mixture
weight
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EP88202865A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0322951B1 (en
Inventor
Yvonne Frey
Jörg Kutzli
Walter Rauber
Hans Schmocker
Markus Tobler
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Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft
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Schweizerische Eidgenossenschaft
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    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06D—MEANS FOR GENERATING SMOKE OR MIST; GAS-ATTACK COMPOSITIONS; GENERATION OF GAS FOR BLASTING OR PROPULSION (CHEMICAL PART)
    • C06D3/00—Generation of smoke or mist (chemical part)
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C06—EXPLOSIVES; MATCHES
    • C06C—DETONATING OR PRIMING DEVICES; FUSES; CHEMICAL LIGHTERS; PYROPHORIC COMPOSITIONS
    • C06C9/00—Chemical contact igniters; Chemical lighters
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F42—AMMUNITION; BLASTING
    • F42B—EXPLOSIVE CHARGES, e.g. FOR BLASTING, FIREWORKS, AMMUNITION
    • F42B12/00—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material
    • F42B12/02—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect
    • F42B12/36—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information
    • F42B12/46—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances
    • F42B12/48—Projectiles, missiles or mines characterised by the warhead, the intended effect, or the material characterised by the warhead or the intended effect for dispensing materials; for producing chemical or physical reaction; for signalling ; for transmitting information for dispensing gases, vapours, powders or chemically-reactive substances smoke-producing, e.g. infrared clouds

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for generating artificial fog in a predetermined target area, wherein a plurality of briquetted smoke sets are stored in a container and can be simultaneously ignited and distributed by means of a centrifugal charge, and wherein the fog sets comprise at least one metal oxide and at least one oxygen carrier and / or have a halogen carrier, and a method for producing these fog sets.
  • red phosphorus with an oxygen carrier (DE-OS 2048 583) or metal / metal oxides with halogen carriers (DE-OS 3 037 053) serve as fog sentences.
  • this is achieved in that the individual fog sets are encased on all sides by a hydrophobic ignition layer.
  • the hydrophobic ignition layer mentioned in the claim is insensitive to moisture, i.e. mist sets covered with it resist the moisture that is present in practical use, for example in rainy weather, on wet grass, etc. - This insensitivity to moisture increases the safety of burning the smoke sets enormously.
  • a reaction mixture consisting of ammonium chloride and zinc oxide in a total amount of 70 to 90 kg is mixed and then dried in a first process step in a first process step, and ammonium perchlorate, polyvinyl chloride and zinc oxide are added to this reaction mixture in a second process step, the total amount being 8 up to 12 kg and this is mixed in a tumble mixer, and in a third process step binder in the form of nitrocellulose and acetone is added in a mechanical mixer at low speed, in a fourth process step the still moist mix is pre-dried on a flat surface, then granulated and finally dried in vacuo for 1.5 to 2.5 hours at 50 ° C. to 65 ° C. and briquetted in molds in a fifth and final process step.
  • the moisture-resistant ignition layer has a double function; it ensures a quick, safe peripheral ignition of the individual fog sets by the spin charge and is also a protective layer for the hygroscopic mixtures of the fog sets.
  • the spherical design according to claim 2 increases the surface of the ignition layer and thus additionally improves the ignition safety and is very cheap on the outside.
  • An advantageous mixture for the fog sets is described in claim 3; it has no toxic substances, so that both the mist generated from it and any combustion residue are non-toxic.
  • the following substances are suitable as organic binders: acrylic resin, halogenated hydrocarbons, condensed polyamides, synthetic rubbers, vinyl ether polymers.
  • the nitrocellulose mentioned in claim 4 influences the firing behavior of the device and regulates its burning time.
  • Collodion wool according to claim 5, has proven to be very advantageous.
  • a further improvement is made by shooting cotton, cf. Claim 6 achieved.
  • organic binders listed in claims 8 and 9 are preferably higher hydrocarbons, natural proteins, polyglycols, polysaccharides.
  • the ignition layers according to claims 10, 11, 13 and 14 have the advantage of being non-toxic.
  • An ignition layer according to claim 12 has proven useful, but is slightly toxic in the non-ignited state due to the lead coatings.
  • the method of claim 16 is very economical and reliable.
  • the mass of an ignition layer produced according to claim 17 is also easy to handle and process.
  • the ignition layer, claim 18, according to claim 19, can be applied in a simple manner to the mist sets in the desired thickness.
  • the device is expediently designed directly as an ammunition body, cf. Claim 20.
  • Fig. 1 is a fog sentence. This mist set 1 is completely enclosed with an ignition layer 2.
  • Fog set 1 consists of a mixture of 12.5% by weight ammonium chloride, 31.7% by weight zinc oxide, 36.1% by weight ammonium perchlorate, 17.7% by weight polyvinyl chloride and 2.0% by weight. -% organic binders.
  • the organic binders are 5% by weight paraffin and 95% by weight nitrocellulose in the form of collodion wool.
  • This mist set 1 is encased with an ignition layer 2, consisting of a mixture of 15 to 35% by weight boron, 5 to 25% by weight silicon powder, 50 to 70% by weight manganese dioxide and 1 up to 5% by weight of organic binders which are added during coating.
  • the silicon powder was used in a grain size of approx. 25 ⁇ m.
  • This arrangement has the great advantage of being insensitive to moisture. It is very easy to ignite, is reliable and quick with regard to the formation of a dense, ground-covering mist, and guarantees total combustion of the sets.
  • An ammunition 5, Fig. 2 includes a plurality of fog sets 1 and 1 ', which are encased by a previously described ignition layer 2. The spaces make it easier to ignite the individual pill-shaped or spherical mist sets 1, 1 '.
  • the ammunition 5 consists essentially of a tubular housing 6, in which a base plate 7 with a jacket 8 are inserted.
  • a detonator flange 9 there is a known glow starter 10 with an initiator charge 11, both of which can act on a centrifugal charge 4. - This arrangement is ignited by a current source, not shown, applied to the ignition lines 12.
  • the igniter flange 9 is non-positively fixed by a base ring 13.
  • a cover plate 14 is inserted, which closes the jacket 8 airtight with a sealing film 15 and a flange 16.
  • the fog sets 1 have a diameter of 13 mm and a height of 8 mm; the radius of the spherical cap is 9.5 mm.
  • Ammunition bodies of this type are used on vehicles, primarily on tanks, and allow these to be used to atomize their area of application within wide limits.
  • flying distances of 70 m plus and minus 20 m are easily mastered in practice.
  • the launch angle is approximately 45 °; the spreading range 40 to 50 m in diameter; the fog duration per shot 30 seconds to 60 seconds
  • the different sizes of the fog sets have different burning times and different aerodynamic resistances, so that with their suitable size and shape selection a target area can be fogged within wide limits.
  • ammunition bodies can also be created, or those that are suitable for use as throwing bodies, bombs, etc.
  • mist sets are processed in large quantities by dry premixing in a mechanical mixer and mixed wet using liquid binders such as nitrocellulose and acetone, then pre-dried, granulated and finally dried in vacuo so that they can be pressed into molds.
  • liquid binders such as nitrocellulose and acetone
  • the preferably spherical mist sets with diameters of 10 to 15 mm and total heights of up to 15 mm are provided with the viscous mixture of the ignition layer by means of a plate granulator and granulated until the ratio of ignition layer to mist set is approx. 1:10.
  • the device according to the invention and the method can be adapted to the respective needs in any variation; Large sets of mists produced by the same steps are conceivable, as well as those for small-caliber ammunition bodies (from caliber 4.5 cm).

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Abstract

For producing artificial mist for civil and military applications, briquetted combustible masses are used, which are distributed as small shot by means of thrower charges. The mist sets used are in most cases toxic substances which are a hazard to the environment, at least if they are not or only partially burnt off. <??>According to the invention, a device is provided which consists of non-toxic hygroscopic mist sets (1) which are enveloped on all sides by a moisture-insensitive igniting layer (2). An ammunition body (5) contains mist sets (1, 3) in various sizes and geometries and enables a large target area to be misted up over the entire ground. <??>In addition, a preferred production process for mist sets and for the igniting layer thereof is described. <IMAGE>

Description

Die vorliegende Erfindung bezieht sich auf eine Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von künstlichem Nebel in einem vorgegebenen Zielgebiet, wobei eine Vielzahl von brikettierten Nebelsätzen in einem Behälter gelagert und durch eine Schleuderladung gleichzeitig anzünd- und verteilbar sind und wobei die Nebel­sätze wenigstens ein Metalloxid und wenigstens einen Sauer­stoffträger und/oder einen Halogenträger aufweisen, sowie auf ein Verfahren zur Herstellung dieser Nebelsätze.The present invention relates to a device for generating artificial fog in a predetermined target area, wherein a plurality of briquetted smoke sets are stored in a container and can be simultaneously ignited and distributed by means of a centrifugal charge, and wherein the fog sets comprise at least one metal oxide and at least one oxygen carrier and / or have a halogen carrier, and a method for producing these fog sets.

Es sind Verfahren und Vorrichtungen zur Erzeugung von künst­lichem Nebel für zivile und militärische Anwendungen bekannt (z.B. DE-OS 1 913 790), bei denen brikettierte, brennbare Massen mittels einer Schleuderladung über einem Zielgebiet schrotschussartig verteilt werden.Methods and devices for generating artificial fog for civil and military applications are known (e.g. DE-OS 1 913 790) in which briquetted, combustible masses are distributed over a target area in the manner of a shot by means of a centrifugal charge.

Als Nebelsätze dienen beispielsweise roter Phosphor mit einem Sauerstoffträger (DE-OS 2048 583) oder Metall/Metalloxide mit Halogenträgern (DE-OS 3 037 053).For example, red phosphorus with an oxygen carrier (DE-OS 2048 583) or metal / metal oxides with halogen carriers (DE-OS 3 037 053) serve as fog sentences.

Vor allem im militärischen Übungsbetrieb hat es sich gezeigt, dass die Zuverlässigkeit des Abbrennens der meisten Zündsätze ungenügend ist und dass diese aufgrund ihrer Toxizität entwe­der beim Abbrennen und/oder im Falle ihres nicht Abbrennens für Mensch und Tier eine Gefahrenquelle darstellen.In military training operations in particular, it has been shown that the reliability of the burning of most primers is insufficient and that, due to their toxicity, they are a source of danger for humans and animals either when burning and / or if they do not burn.

Es ist daher Aufgabe der Erfindung, eine Vorrichtung zur Er­zeugung von künstlichem Nebel zu schaffen, welche rasch einen ausreichend dichten, bodendeckenden künstlichen Nebel erzeugt und deren Nebelsätze mit hoher Sicherheit und ohne Umweltge­fährdung abbrennen.It is therefore an object of the invention to provide a device for generating artificial fog, which quickly generates a sufficiently dense, ground-covering artificial fog and burn off the fog sets with high certainty and without environmental hazard.

Erfindungsgemäss wird dies dadurch erreicht, dass in der Vor­richtung die einzelnen Nebelsätze allseitig durch eine hydro­phobe Anzündschicht umhüllt sind.According to the invention, this is achieved in that the individual fog sets are encased on all sides by a hydrophobic ignition layer.

Die im Patentanspruch erwähnte hydrophobe Anzündschicht ist feuchtigkeitsunempfindlich, d.h. damit ummantelte Nebelsätze widerstehen der Feuchtigkeit, wie sie im praktischen Einsatz, beispielsweise bei Regenwetter, auf nassem Grasboden etc, vorhanden ist. - Durch diese Feuchtigkeitsunempfindlichkeit wird die Sicherheit des Abbrennens der Nebelsätze enorm ge­steigert.The hydrophobic ignition layer mentioned in the claim is insensitive to moisture, i.e. mist sets covered with it resist the moisture that is present in practical use, for example in rainy weather, on wet grass, etc. - This insensitivity to moisture increases the safety of burning the smoke sets enormously.

Im weiteren soll ein Herstellungsverfahren geschaffen werden, welches die wirtschaftliche und sichere Fabrikation umwelt­freundlicher Nebelsätze gewährleistet.In addition, a manufacturing process is to be created which guarantees the economical and safe manufacture of environmentally friendly fog sentences.

Nach dem erfindungsgemässen Verfahren wird zur Herstellung eines Nebelsatzes in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt eine Re­aktionsmischung bestehend aus Ammoniumchlorid und Zinkoxid in einer Gesamtmenge von 70 bis 90 kg gemischt und anschliessend getrocknet, in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt dieser Reak­tionsmischung Ammoniumperchlorat, Polyvinylchlorid und Zink­oxid beigemengt, wobei die Gesamtmenge 8 bis 12 kg beträgt und diese in einem Taumelmischer vermischt wird, und wobei in einem dritten Verfahrensschritt Bindemittel in Form von Ni­trocellulose und Aceton in einem mechanischen Mischer bei ge­ringer Drehzahl beigemengt wird, in einem vierten Verfahrens­schritt das noch feuchte Mischgut auf einer ebenen Fläche vorgetrocknet, anschliessend granuliert und im Vakuum während 1,5 bis 2,5 Std. bei 50°C bis 65°C fertig getrocknet und in einem fünften und letzten Verfahrensschritt in Formen briket­tiert wird.According to the process of the invention, a reaction mixture consisting of ammonium chloride and zinc oxide in a total amount of 70 to 90 kg is mixed and then dried in a first process step in a first process step, and ammonium perchlorate, polyvinyl chloride and zinc oxide are added to this reaction mixture in a second process step, the total amount being 8 up to 12 kg and this is mixed in a tumble mixer, and in a third process step binder in the form of nitrocellulose and acetone is added in a mechanical mixer at low speed, in a fourth process step the still moist mix is pre-dried on a flat surface, then granulated and finally dried in vacuo for 1.5 to 2.5 hours at 50 ° C. to 65 ° C. and briquetted in molds in a fifth and final process step.

Die feuchtigkeitsunempfindliche Anzündschicht übt eine Dop­pelfunktion aus; sie gewährleistet ein rasches, sicheres pe­ripheres Anzünden der einzelnen Nebelsätze durch die Schleu­derladung und ist zusätzlich Schutzschicht für die an sich hygroskopischen Gemische der Nebelsätze.The moisture-resistant ignition layer has a double function; it ensures a quick, safe peripheral ignition of the individual fog sets by the spin charge and is also a protective layer for the hygroscopic mixtures of the fog sets.

Die kugelartige Ausbildung nach Anspruch 2 erhöht die Ober­fläche der Anzündschicht und verbessert damit die Anzünd-Si­cherheit zusätzlich und ist aussenballistisch sehr günstig.The spherical design according to claim 2 increases the surface of the ignition layer and thus additionally improves the ignition safety and is very cheap on the outside.

Ein vorteilhaftes Gemisch für die Nebelsätze ist in Anspruch 3 beschrieben; es weist keine toxischen Stoffe auf, so dass sowohl der daraus erzeugte Nebel als auch ein eventueller Verbrennungsrückstand ungiftig sind. Als organische Bindemit­tel eignen sich folgende Stoffe: Acrylharz, halogenierte Koh­lenwasserstoffe, kondensierte Polyamide, synthetische Kautschuke, Vinylaetherpolymere.An advantageous mixture for the fog sets is described in claim 3; it has no toxic substances, so that both the mist generated from it and any combustion residue are non-toxic. The following substances are suitable as organic binders: acrylic resin, halogenated hydrocarbons, condensed polyamides, synthetic rubbers, vinyl ether polymers.

Die im Anspruch 4 erwähnte Nitrocellulose beeinflusst das An­feuerungsverhalten der Vorrichtung und reguliert deren Brenndauer.The nitrocellulose mentioned in claim 4 influences the firing behavior of the device and regulates its burning time.

Als sehr vorteilhaft hat sich Collodiumwolle, gemäss Anspruch 5, erwiesen.Collodion wool, according to claim 5, has proven to be very advantageous.

Eine weitere Verbesserung wird durch Schiessbaumwolle, vgl. Anspruch 6, erzielt.A further improvement is made by shooting cotton, cf. Claim 6 achieved.

Die in den Ansprüchen 7 bis 9 spezifizierten Gemische stellen bevorzugte Ausführungen der Nebelsätze dar.The mixtures specified in claims 7 to 9 represent preferred versions of the fog sentences.

Die in den Ansprüchen 8 und 9 aufgeführten organischen Binde­mittel sind bevorzugterweise höhere Kohlenwasserstoffe, na­türliche Proteine, Polyglykole, Polysaccharide.The organic binders listed in claims 8 and 9 are preferably higher hydrocarbons, natural proteins, polyglycols, polysaccharides.

Die Anzündschichten nach den Ansprüchen 10, 11, 13 und 14 ha­ben den Vorteil der Ungiftigkeit.The ignition layers according to claims 10, 11, 13 and 14 have the advantage of being non-toxic.

Bewährt hat sich eine Anzündschicht gemäss Anspruch 12, wel­che jedoch aufgrund der Bleimenninge im nichtangezündeten Zu­stand leicht toxisch ist.An ignition layer according to claim 12 has proven useful, but is slightly toxic in the non-ignited state due to the lead coatings.

Die in Anspruch 15 angegebene Korngrösse erweist sich in der Praxis als sehr vorteilhaft.The grain size specified in claim 15 proves to be very advantageous in practice.

Das Verfahren nach Anspruch 16 ist sehr wirtschaftlich und betriebssicher.The method of claim 16 is very economical and reliable.

Die gemäss Anspruch 17 hergestellte Masse einer Anzündschicht lässt sich ebenfalls leicht handhaben und weiterverarbeiten.The mass of an ignition layer produced according to claim 17 is also easy to handle and process.

Auf einfache Weise kann die Anzündschicht, Anspruch 18, ent­sprechend Anspruch 19, auf die Nebelsätze in der gewünschten Dicke aufgebracht werden.The ignition layer, claim 18, according to claim 19, can be applied in a simple manner to the mist sets in the desired thickness.

Zweckmässigerweise wird die Vorrichtung direkt als Munitions­körper ausgebildet, vgl. Anspruch 20.The device is expediently designed directly as an ammunition body, cf. Claim 20.

Es hat sich erwiesen, dass durch das Auffüllen des Munitions­körpers mit verschieden grossen Nebelsätzen, Anspruch 21, entsprechend ihrem unterschiedlichen Flugverhalten und ihrer verschiedenartigen Abbrandgeschwindigkeit, die Nebelbildung allen vorhersehbaren taktischen Erfordernissen angepasst wer­den kann.It has been found that by filling the ammunition body with different sized fog sets, according to their different flight behavior and their different burning rate, the fog formation can be adapted to all foreseeable tactical requirements.

Anhand von Zeichnungen werden nachfolgend praktische Ausfüh­rungsbeispiele des Erfindungsgegenstands beschrieben.Practical exemplary embodiments of the subject matter of the invention are described below with the aid of drawings.

Es zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 Die charakteristische Ausgestaltung eines Nebel­satzes mit Anzündschicht und
  • Fig.2 einen Munitionskörper mit Schleuderladung zum Ein­satz an Fahrzeugen.
Show it:
  • Fig. 1 The characteristic design of a fog set with ignition layer and
  • 2 shows an ammunition body with a centrifugal charge for use on vehicles.

In Fig. 1 ist mit 1 ein Nebelsatz bezeichnet. Dieser Nebel­satz 1 ist mit einer Anzündschicht 2 vollständig umschlossen.In Fig. 1, 1 is a fog sentence. This mist set 1 is completely enclosed with an ignition layer 2.

Der Nebelsatz 1 besteht aus einem Gemisch aus 12,5 Gew.-% Am­moniumchlorid, 31,7 Gew.-% Zinkoxid, 36,1 Gew.-% Ammoniumper­chlorat, 17,7 Gew.-% Polyvinylchlorid sowie aus 2,0 Gew.-% organischen Bindemitteln. Die organischen Bindemittel sind mit einem Anteil von 5 Gew.-% Paraffin sowie mit einem Anteil von 95 Gew.-% Nitrocellulose in Form von Collodiumwolle.Fog set 1 consists of a mixture of 12.5% by weight ammonium chloride, 31.7% by weight zinc oxide, 36.1% by weight ammonium perchlorate, 17.7% by weight polyvinyl chloride and 2.0% by weight. -% organic binders. The organic binders are 5% by weight paraffin and 95% by weight nitrocellulose in the form of collodion wool.

Ummantelt ist dieser Nebelsatz 1 mit einer Anzündschicht 2, bestehend aus einem Gemisch von 15 bis 35 Gew.-% Bor, 5 bis 25 Gew.-% Siliziumpulver, 50 bis 70 Gew.-% Mangandioxid und 1 bis 5 Gew.-% organischen Bindemitteln, die beim Beschichten beigefügt werden. Das Siliziumpulver wurde in einer Korn­grösse von ca. 25 µm verwendet.This mist set 1 is encased with an ignition layer 2, consisting of a mixture of 15 to 35% by weight boron, 5 to 25% by weight silicon powder, 50 to 70% by weight manganese dioxide and 1 up to 5% by weight of organic binders which are added during coating. The silicon powder was used in a grain size of approx. 25 µm.

Diese Anordnung hat den grossen Vorteil der Feuchtigkeitsun­empfindlichkeit. Sie lässt sich sehr leicht anzuzünden, ist zuverlässig und rasch in bezug auf die Bildung eines dichten, bodendeckenden Nebels und gewährleistet eine totale Verbren­nung der Sätze.This arrangement has the great advantage of being insensitive to moisture. It is very easy to ignite, is reliable and quick with regard to the formation of a dense, ground-covering mist, and guarantees total combustion of the sets.

Ein Munitionskörper 5, Fig. 2, beinhaltet eine Vielzahl von Nebelsätzen 1 und 1′, welche durch eine vorgängig beschrie­bene Anzündschicht 2 umhüllt sind. Die Zwischenräume erleich­tern das Anzünden der einzelnen pillen- bzw. kugelförmigen Nebelsätze 1, 1′. Der Munitionskörper 5 besteht im wesentli­chen aus einem rohrförmigen Gehäuse 6, in welches eine Basis­platte 7 mit einem Mantel 8 eingelegt sind. In einem Zünder­flansch 9 befindet sich ein an sich bekannter Glühzünder 10 mit einer Initiatorladung 11, welche beide auf eine Schleu­derladung 4 wirken können. - Gezündet wird diese Anordnung durch eine an die Zündleitungen 12 angelegte, nicht darge­stellte, Stromquelle. Der Zünderflansch 9 ist durch einen Ba­sisring 13 kraftschlüssig fixiert. Im oberen Teil des Mantels 8 ist eine Deckplatte 14 eingelegt, welche mit einer Ver­schlussfolie 15 und einer Bördelung 16 den Mantel 8 luftdicht abschliessen. Zu Schutzzwecken ist ein Deckel 17, aus Polyvi­nylchlorid, mit einem Klemmflansch 18 auf das Gehäuse 6 auf­gestülpt.An ammunition 5, Fig. 2, includes a plurality of fog sets 1 and 1 ', which are encased by a previously described ignition layer 2. The spaces make it easier to ignite the individual pill-shaped or spherical mist sets 1, 1 '. The ammunition 5 consists essentially of a tubular housing 6, in which a base plate 7 with a jacket 8 are inserted. In a detonator flange 9 there is a known glow starter 10 with an initiator charge 11, both of which can act on a centrifugal charge 4. - This arrangement is ignited by a current source, not shown, applied to the ignition lines 12. The igniter flange 9 is non-positively fixed by a base ring 13. In the upper part of the jacket 8, a cover plate 14 is inserted, which closes the jacket 8 airtight with a sealing film 15 and a flange 16. For protection purposes, a cover 17, made of polyvinyl chloride, is slipped onto the housing 6 with a clamping flange 18.

Die Nebelsätze 1 weisen im vorliegenden Falle einen Durchmes­ser von 13 mm und eine Höhe von 8 mm auf; der Radius der Ku­gel-Kalotte beträgt 9,5 mm. Die Nebelsätze 1′ haben einen Durchmesser von 10 mm, eine Höhe von 13 mm und einen Kugel-­Radius von 7,5 mm.In the present case, the fog sets 1 have a diameter of 13 mm and a height of 8 mm; the radius of the spherical cap is 9.5 mm. The fog sets 1 'have a diameter of 10 mm, a height of 13 mm and a sphere radius of 7.5 mm.

Derartige Munitionskörper finden an Fahrzeugen, vornehmlich an Panzern, Verwendung und erlauben diesen, ihren Einsatzbe­reich in weiten Grenzen zu vernebeln.Ammunition bodies of this type are used on vehicles, primarily on tanks, and allow these to be used to atomize their area of application within wide limits.

Mit der erfindungsgemässen Anordnung werden in der Praxis Flugdistanzen von 70 m plus minus 20 m problemlos beherrscht. Der Abschusswinkel beträgt ca. 45°; der Streubereich 40 bis 50 m im Durchmesser; die Nebeldauer pro Abschuss 30 Sek. bis 60 Sek.With the arrangement according to the invention, flying distances of 70 m plus and minus 20 m are easily mastered in practice. The launch angle is approximately 45 °; the spreading range 40 to 50 m in diameter; the fog duration per shot 30 seconds to 60 seconds

Die verschieden grossen Dimensionen der Nebelsätze weisen verschiedene Brenndauer und verschiedene aerodynamische Wi­derstände auf, so dass mit deren geeigneten Grössen- und Formwahl ein in weiten Grenzen beliebiges Zielgebiet eingene­belt werden kann.The different sizes of the fog sets have different burning times and different aerodynamic resistances, so that with their suitable size and shape selection a target area can be fogged within wide limits.

Selbstverständlich lassen sich auch andersartig ausgebildete Munitionskörper schaffen, bzw. solche, die geeignet zum Ein­satz als Wurfkörper, Bomben etc. sind.Of course, other types of ammunition bodies can also be created, or those that are suitable for use as throwing bodies, bombs, etc.

Die herstellungstechnischen Voraussetzungen für eine Produk­tion der Vorrichtungen sind leicht beherrschbar. Die Nebel­sätze werden durch trockenes Vormischen in grösseren Mengen in einem mechanischen Mischer aufbereitet und mittels flüssi­ger Bindemittel, wie Nitrocellulose und Aceton, feucht ver­mischt, anschliessend vorgetrocknet granuliert und im Vakuum fertiggetrocknet, so dass sie in Formen verpressbar sind.The manufacturing requirements for a production of the devices are easily manageable. The mist sets are processed in large quantities by dry premixing in a mechanical mixer and mixed wet using liquid binders such as nitrocellulose and acetone, then pre-dried, granulated and finally dried in vacuo so that they can be pressed into molds.

Die vorzugsweise kugelförmigen Nebelsätze mit Durchmessern von 10 bis 15 mm und Gesamthöhen von bis zu 15 mm werden mit­tels eines Tellergranulators mit dem dickflüssigen Gemisch der Anzündschicht versehen und solange granuliert, bis das Verhältnis Anzündschicht zu Nebelsatz ca. 1 : 10 beträgt.The preferably spherical mist sets with diameters of 10 to 15 mm and total heights of up to 15 mm are provided with the viscous mixture of the ignition layer by means of a plate granulator and granulated until the ratio of ignition layer to mist set is approx. 1:10.

Die erfindungsgemässe Vorrichtung sowie das Verfahren lassen sich in beliebigen Variationen den jeweiligen Bedürfnissen anpassen; denkbar sind nach den gleichen Schritten herge­stellte grosse Nebelsätze sowie beispielsweise auch solche für kleinkalibrige Munitionskörper (ab Kaliber 4,5 cm).The device according to the invention and the method can be adapted to the respective needs in any variation; Large sets of mists produced by the same steps are conceivable, as well as those for small-caliber ammunition bodies (from caliber 4.5 cm).

Claims (21)

1. Vorrichtung zur Erzeugung von künstlichem Nebel in einem vorgegebenen Zielgebiet, wobei eine Vielzahl von briket­tierten Nebelsätzen in einem Behälter gelagert und durch eine Schleuderladung gleichzeitig anzünd- und verteilbar sind und wobei die Nebelsätze wenigstens ein Metalloxid und wenigstens einen Sauerstoffträger und/oder einen Ha­logenträger aufweisen, dadurch gekennnzeichnet, dass die einzelnen Nebelsätze (1,1′) allseitig durch eine hydro­phobe Anzündschicht (2) umhüllt sind.1. An apparatus for generating artificial fog in a predetermined target area, wherein a plurality of briquetted fog sets are stored in a container and can be simultaneously ignited and distributed by a spin charge, and wherein the fog sets have at least one metal oxide and at least one oxygen carrier and / or a halogen carrier , characterized in that the individual smoke sets (1,1 ′) are encased on all sides by a hydrophobic ignition layer (2). 2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nebelsätze (1,1′) mit ihrer Anzündschicht (2) kugel­artig ausgebildet sind.2. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fog sets (1,1 ') with their ignition layer (2) are spherical. 3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nebelsätze (1,1′) aus einem Gemisch aus 5 bis 25 Gew.-% Ammoniumchlorid, 20 bis 50 Gew.-% Zinkoxid, 25 bis 45 Gew.-% Ammoniumperchlorat, 4 bis 25 Gew.-% Polyvinyl­chlorid sowie aus 1 bis 10 Gew.- % organischen Bindemit­tel bestehen.3. Device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fog sets (1,1 ') from a mixture of 5 to 25 wt .-% ammonium chloride, 20 to 50 wt .-% zinc oxide, 25 to 45 wt .-% ammonium perchlorate, 4 to 25 wt .-% polyvinyl chloride and 1 to 10 wt .-% organic binders. 4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die organischen Bindemittel der Nebelsätze (1,1′) wenig­stens zum Teil Nitrocellulose aufweisen.4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the organic binders of the fog sets (1,1 ') have at least partially nitrocellulose. 5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nitrocellulose Collodiumwolle ist.5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the nitrocellulose is collodion wool. 6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nitrocellulose Schiessbaumwolle ist.6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the nitrocellulose is shooting cotton. 7. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nitrocellulose aus einer Mischung aus Collodiumwolle und Schiessbaumwolle besteht.7. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the nitrocellulose consists of a mixture of collodion wool and shooting cotton. 8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Nitrocelluloseanteil 10 bis 100 Gew.-% des Bindemit­tels beträgt.8. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the nitrocellulose content is 10 to 100 wt .-% of the binder. 9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nebelsätze (1,1′) aus einem Gemisch aus 13 Gew.-% Am­moniumchlorid, 31 Gew.-% Zinkoxid, 34 Gew.-% Ammoni­umperchlorat, 17 Gew.-% Polyvinylchlorid und 5 Gew.-% or­ganischem Bindemittel bestehen.9. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fog sets (1,1 ') from a mixture of 13 wt .-% ammonium chloride, 31 wt .-% zinc oxide, 34 wt .-% ammonium perchlorate, 17 wt .-% polyvinyl chloride and 5% by weight of organic binder. 10. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Nebelsätze (1,1′) aus einem Gemisch aus 41 Gew.-% Zinkoxid, 35 Gew.-% Ammoniumperchlorat, 15 Gew.-% Polyvi­nylchlorid und 9 Gew.-% organischem Bindemittel bestehen.10. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the fog sets (1,1 ') from a mixture of 41 wt .-% zinc oxide, 35 wt .-% ammonium perchlorate, 15 wt .-% polyvinyl chloride and 9 wt .-% organic Binders exist. 11. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekenneichnet, dass die Nebelsätze (1,1′) aus einem Gemisch aus 12 Gew.-% Am­moniumchlorid, 39 Gew.-% Zinkoxid, 28 Gew.-% Ammoniumper­chlorat, 14 Gew.-% Polyvinylchlorid und 7 Gew.-% organi­schem Bindemittel bestehen.11. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the mist sets (1,1 ') from a mixture of 12 wt .-% ammonium chloride, 39 wt .-% zinc oxide, 28 wt .-% ammonium perchlorate, 14 wt .-% polyvinyl chloride and 7% by weight of organic binder. 12. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anzündschicht (2) aus einem Gemisch aus 30 bis 40 Gew.-% Bleichromat, 35 bis 45 Gew.-% Bleimenninge, 20 bis 30 Gew.-% Siliziumpulver und 1 bis 5 Gew.-% organischen Bindemitteln besteht.12. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ignition layer (2) from a mixture of 30 to 40 wt .-% lead chromate, 35 to 45 wt .-% lead brass, 20 to 30 wt .-% silicon powder and 1 to 5 % By weight of organic binders. 13. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anzündschicht (2) aus einem Gemisch aus 25 bis 35 Gew.-% Bor, 5 bis 15 Gew.-% Siliziumpulver, 35 bis 45 Gew.-% Strontiumperoxid, 15 bis 25 Gew.-% Eisen(III)-oxid und 1 bis 5 Gew.-% organischem Bindemittel besteht.13. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the ignition layer (2) from a mixture of 25 to 35 wt .-% boron, 5 to 15 wt .-% silicon powder, 35 to 45 % By weight of strontium peroxide, 15 to 25% by weight of iron (III) oxide and 1 to 5% by weight of organic binder. 14. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Anzündschicht (2) aus einem Gemisch aus 15 bis 35 Gew.-% Bor, 5 bis 25 Gew.-% Siliziumpulver, 50 bis 70 Gew.-% Mangandioxid und 1 bis 5 Gew.- % organischem Bin­demittel besteht.14. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ignition layer (2) from a mixture of 15 to 35 wt .-% boron, 5 to 25 wt .-% silicon powder, 50 to 70 wt .-% manganese dioxide and 1 to 5 % By weight of organic binder. 15. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 12, 13 und 14, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, dass das Siliziumpulver eine Korngrösse von 10 bis 80 µm aufweist.15. The apparatus of claim 12, 13 and 14, characterized in that the silicon powder has a grain size of 10 to 80 microns. 16. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Nebelsatzes nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 8, dadurch gekennzeich­net, dass in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt eine Reak­tionsmischung bestehend aus Ammoniumchlorid und Zinkoxid in einer Gesamtmenge von 70 bis 90 kg gemischt und an­schliessend getrocknet wird und dass in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt dieser Reaktionsmischung Ammoniumper­chlorat, Polyvinylchlorid und Zinkoxid beigemengt werden, wobei die Gesamtmenge 8 bis 12 kg beträgt und diese in einem Taumelmischer vermischt wird, und dass in einem dritten Verfahrensschritt Bindemittel in Form von Nitro­cellulose und Aceton in einem mechanischen Mischer bei geringer Drehzahl beigemengt wird und dass in einem vier­ten Verfahrensschritt das noch feuchte Mischgut auf einer ebenen Fläche vorgetrocknet, anschliessend granuliert und im Vakuum während 1,5 bis 2,5 Std. bei 50°C bis 65°C fer­tig getrocknet und in einem fünften und letzten Verfah­rensschritt in Formen brikettiert wird.16. A method for producing a fog set according to claim 1 or one of claims 3 to 8, characterized in that in a first process step, a reaction mixture consisting of ammonium chloride and zinc oxide in a total amount of 70 to 90 kg is mixed and then dried and that in one second process step, ammonium perchlorate, polyvinyl chloride and zinc oxide are added to this reaction mixture, the total amount being 8 to 12 kg and these are mixed in a tumble mixer, and in a third process step binder in the form of nitrocellulose and acetone is added in a mechanical mixer at low speed and that in a fourth process step the still moist mix is pre-dried on a flat surface, then granulated and finally dried in vacuo for 1.5 to 2.5 hours at 50 ° C to 65 ° C and in a fifth and final process step in molds is briquetted. 17. Verfahren zur Herstellung eines Nebelsatzes nach Anspruch 1 oder einem der Ansprüche 9 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeich­net, dass in einem ersten Verfahrensschritt eine Reak­tionsmischung bestehend aus Ammoniumchlorid und Zinkoxid in einer Gesamtmenge von 70 bis 90 kg gemischt und an­schliessend getrocknet wird und dass in einem zweiten Verfahrensschritt dieser Reaktionsmischung Ammoniumper­chlorat, Polyvinylchlorid, Zinkoxid und Bindemittel bei­gemengt werden, wobei die Gesamtmenge 45 bis 55 kg be­trägt und diese in einer Knetmaschine vermischt und an­schliessend im Wirbelschichtverfahren granuliert wird, und dass in einem dritten und letzten Verfahrensschritt diese Mischung in Formen brikettiert wird.17. A method for producing a fog set according to claim 1 or one of claims 9 to 11, characterized in that in a first process step, a reaction mixture consisting of ammonium chloride and zinc oxide mixed in a total amount of 70 to 90 kg and then dried and that in a second process step ammonium perchlorate, polyvinyl chloride, zinc oxide and binder are added to this reaction mixture, the total amount being 45 to 55 kg and mixed in a kneading machine and then granulated in a fluidized bed process and that in a third and final process step this mixture is briquetted into molds. 18. Verfahren zur Herstellung einer Anzündschicht (2) gemäss Anspruch 1 oder einem der Ansprüche 12 bis 14, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die trocken gemischten Komponenten mit einem organischen Klebstoff und einem organischen Lö­sungsmittel vermengt werden.18. A method for producing an ignition layer (2) according to claim 1 or one of claims 12 to 14, characterized in that the dry-mixed components are mixed with an organic adhesive and an organic solvent. 19. Verfahren zur Herstellung von Nebelsätzen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese nach dem Brikettie­ren in einem Tellergranulator mit der flüssigen Anzünd­schicht, welche mit einem flüssigen Binder dispergiert ist, bei Raumtemperatur beschichtet werden, wobei das Ge­wichtsverhältnis von Nebelsatz zu Anzündschicht 15:1 bis 8:1 beträgt.19. A method for producing mist sets according to claim 1, characterized in that after briquetting in a plate granulator with the liquid ignition layer, which is dispersed with a liquid binder, coated at room temperature, the weight ratio of mist set to ignition layer 15: 1 is up to 8: 1. 20. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass diese als Munitionskörper (5) ausgebildet ist.20. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that it is designed as an ammunition body (5). 21. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 20, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass im Munitionskörper (5) Nebelsätze (1, 1,) unter­schiedlicher Abmessungen vorgesehen sind.21. The apparatus according to claim 20, characterized in that in the ammunition body (5) fog sets (1, 1,) of different dimensions are provided.
EP88202865A 1987-12-24 1988-12-13 Device for the rapid production of artificiel mist, and process for the manufacture of mist shells Expired - Lifetime EP0322951B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

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AT88202865T ATE86240T1 (en) 1987-12-24 1988-12-13 DEVICE FOR RAPID PRODUCTION OF ARTIFICIAL FOG AND METHOD OF MANUFACTURING FOG KITS.

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CH5058/87A CH674742A5 (en) 1987-12-24 1987-12-24
CH5058/87 1987-12-24

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EP0322951A1 true EP0322951A1 (en) 1989-07-05
EP0322951B1 EP0322951B1 (en) 1993-03-03

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EP (1) EP0322951B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE86240T1 (en)
CH (1) CH674742A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3878877D1 (en)
ES (1) ES2038746T3 (en)
IL (1) IL88440A (en)
NO (1) NO169093C (en)
PT (1) PT89333B (en)

Cited By (3)

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FR2712775A1 (en) * 1993-11-25 1995-06-02 Laperrousaz Alain Smoker for use by bee keepers
FR2763120A1 (en) * 1997-05-09 1998-11-13 Buck Chem Tech Werke SUBMUNITION BODY FOR FOG PRODUCTION
DE102009030870A1 (en) * 2009-06-26 2010-12-30 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh submunitions

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CH686957A5 (en) * 1993-10-01 1996-08-15 Eidgenoess Munitionsfab Thun Smoke composition and process for its preparation and its use.
FR2730048B1 (en) * 1995-01-31 1997-03-28 Princhim Sa IMPROVEMENTS TO A SMOKE CASE
DE59608681D1 (en) 1996-12-13 2002-03-14 Ruag Munition Thun Pyrotechnic delay element, process for its production and its use
US6558487B1 (en) * 2001-07-24 2003-05-06 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Smoke generating compositions and methods of making the same
DE10152023B4 (en) * 2001-10-22 2005-06-16 Buck Neue Technologien Gmbh Shock insensitive smoke projectiles
US7124690B1 (en) * 2004-04-07 2006-10-24 The United States Of America As Represented By The Secretary Of The Army Smoke producing mortar cartridge
JP6563773B2 (en) * 2015-10-20 2019-08-21 株式会社ダイセル Smoke screen generator
CN114858010B (en) * 2022-05-23 2023-05-12 中国人民解放军陆军工程大学 Interference bomb device for improving smoke curtain dispersing effect
CN117037396B (en) * 2023-10-10 2023-12-19 绵阳师范学院 Forest fire warning system

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FR2763120A1 (en) * 1997-05-09 1998-11-13 Buck Chem Tech Werke SUBMUNITION BODY FOR FOG PRODUCTION
DE102009030870A1 (en) * 2009-06-26 2010-12-30 Rheinmetall Waffe Munition Gmbh submunitions

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE86240T1 (en) 1993-03-15
NO885750D0 (en) 1988-12-23
US4898098A (en) 1990-02-06
IL88440A (en) 1992-06-21
CH674742A5 (en) 1990-07-13
NO169093C (en) 1992-05-06
EP0322951B1 (en) 1993-03-03
NO169093B (en) 1992-01-27
PT89333B (en) 1993-12-31
DE3878877D1 (en) 1993-04-15
PT89333A (en) 1989-12-29
ES2038746T3 (en) 1993-08-01
NO885750L (en) 1989-06-26

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