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EP0294693B1 - Use of a silver-iron material for electric contacts - Google Patents

Use of a silver-iron material for electric contacts Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0294693B1
EP0294693B1 EP88108735A EP88108735A EP0294693B1 EP 0294693 B1 EP0294693 B1 EP 0294693B1 EP 88108735 A EP88108735 A EP 88108735A EP 88108735 A EP88108735 A EP 88108735A EP 0294693 B1 EP0294693 B1 EP 0294693B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
silver
iron
oxide
electrical contacts
remainder
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP88108735A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0294693A2 (en
EP0294693A3 (en
Inventor
Wolfgang Dr. Weise
Roger Wolmer
Peter Dr. Braumann
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Evonik Operations GmbH
Original Assignee
Degussa GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Degussa GmbH filed Critical Degussa GmbH
Priority to AT88108735T priority Critical patent/ATE81734T1/en
Publication of EP0294693A2 publication Critical patent/EP0294693A2/en
Publication of EP0294693A3 publication Critical patent/EP0294693A3/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0294693B1 publication Critical patent/EP0294693B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01H—ELECTRIC SWITCHES; RELAYS; SELECTORS; EMERGENCY PROTECTIVE DEVICES
    • H01H1/00—Contacts
    • H01H1/02—Contacts characterised by the material thereof
    • H01H1/021—Composite material
    • H01H1/023—Composite material having a noble metal as the basic material

Definitions

  • the invention relates to the use of a silver-iron material with further additives for electrical contacts.
  • the essential requirements for an electrical contact material are high erosion resistance, low welding force and low contact resistance.
  • For air-tight switching devices in low-voltage technology e.g. Ag / SnO2 is particularly good for switching currents of 100 - 3000 A due to its high erosion resistance and protection against welding.
  • For lower loads e.g. the composite material Ag / Ni has proven itself. Compared to fine silver, it has an increased erosion resistance without causing a significant increase in contact resistance.
  • Another frequently used composite material is Ag / W, which is characterized by its high resistance to erosion. With frequent switching in air, however, a cover layer of silver tungstate forms, which leads to an increase in the contact resistance.
  • the object is achieved according to the invention by using a silver-iron material with 3 to 30% by weight of iron and one or more of the following additives: manganese, copper, zinc, antimony, bismuth oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, chromium nitride in a total amount of 0. 05 to 5 wt .-% dissolved.
  • These materials surprisingly achieve a reduction in the contact resistance and thus the contact heating, without the inherently good security against welding being impaired.
  • the improvement in contact heating is up to 43% compared to Ag / Fe-90/10.
  • the improvement is achieved by favorably influencing the formation of the Fe oxide layers that form. While the material Ag / Fe-90/10 has a continuous oxide layer without additives, this oxide layer is influenced by the additives mentioned in such a way that there is a low contact resistance combined with good security against welding.
  • a material with 3 - 20% Fe and one or more of the additives Mn, Cu, Zn, Bi, Bi2O3, MoO3, WO3 and / or CrN in a total amount of 0.2 to 2% by weight is particularly suitable. It has also proven useful to add to the silver, in addition to 3 to 20% by weight of iron, either 0.2 to 2% only of metallic additives or 0.2 to 2% of only non-metallic additives.
  • materials that, in addition to 3 to 20% iron, 0.2 to 2%, contain only one of the additives manganese, copper, zinc, antimony, bismuth oxide, molybdenum oxide or tungsten oxide, the rest silver.
  • they preferably contain 0.2 to 2% zinc and optionally 0 to 2% copper, tantalum and / or antimony, the rest silver or 0.2 to 2% molybdenum oxide, the rest silver.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Composite Materials (AREA)
  • Materials Engineering (AREA)
  • Contacts (AREA)
  • Conductive Materials (AREA)
  • Powder Metallurgy (AREA)

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft die Verwendung eines Silber-Eisen- Werkstoffs mit weiteren Zusätzen für elektrische Kontakte.The invention relates to the use of a silver-iron material with further additives for electrical contacts.

Die wesentlichen Anforderungen an einen elektrischen Kontaktwerkstoff sind hohe Abbrandfestigkeit, geringe Verschweißkraft und niedriger Kontaktwiderstand. Je nach Belastungsart und Schaltstrom ergibt sich eine unterschiedliche Gewichtung hinsichtlich des Anforderungsprofils. Für luftoffene Schaltgeräte der Niederspannungstechnik eignet sich z.B. Ag/SnO₂ aufgrund seiner hohen Abbrandfestigkeit und Sicherheit gegen Verschweißen besonders gut für Schaltströme von 100 - 3000 A. Für geringere Belastungen hat sich z.B. der Verbundwerkstoff Ag/Ni bewährt. Er besitzt gegenüber Feinsilber eine erhöhte Abbrandfestigkeit, ohne eine wesentliche Erhöhung des Kontaktwiderstandes zu bewirken.The essential requirements for an electrical contact material are high erosion resistance, low welding force and low contact resistance. Depending on the type of load and switching current, there is a different weighting with regard to the requirement profile. For air-tight switching devices in low-voltage technology, e.g. Ag / SnO₂ is particularly good for switching currents of 100 - 3000 A due to its high erosion resistance and protection against welding. For lower loads, e.g. the composite material Ag / Ni has proven itself. Compared to fine silver, it has an increased erosion resistance without causing a significant increase in contact resistance.

Ein weiterer, häufig verwendeter Verbundwerkstoff ist Ag/W, der sich durch hohe Abbrandfestigkeit auszeichnet. Beim häufigen Schalten an Luft bildet sich jedoch eine Deckschicht aus Silberwolframat, die zu einer Erhöhung des Kontaktwiderstands führt.Another frequently used composite material is Ag / W, which is characterized by its high resistance to erosion. With frequent switching in air, however, a cover layer of silver tungstate forms, which leads to an increase in the contact resistance.

Aus der japanischen Patentanmeldung 79/148 109 sind elektrische Kontaktwerkstoffe bekannt, die neben Silber noch Eisen, Nickel, Chrom und/oder Kobalt enthalten. Besonders Werkstoffe der Zusammensetzung Ag 10 Fe zeigen einen hohen Verschweißwiderstand bei noch guter elektrischer Leitfähigkeit.From Japanese patent application 79/148 109 electrical contact materials are known which contain iron, nickel, chromium and / or cobalt in addition to silver. Especially materials with the composition Ag 10 Fe show a high welding resistance with good electrical conductivity.

Trotzdem fand dieser Werkstoff bislang keine breitere Anwendung, was auf die sich während des Schaltens bildenden Deckschichten und damit zu hohen Kontakterwärmungen zurückzuführen ist. Das gleiche gilt für die übrigen bekannten Zusätze Nickel, Chrom und/oder Kobalt.Nevertheless, this material has so far not been used more widely, which can be attributed to the cover layers that form during switching and thus excessive contact heating. The same applies to the other known additives nickel, chromium and / or cobalt.

Es war daher Aufgabe der vorliegenden Erfindung, einen Silber- Eisen- Werkstoff für elektrische Kontakte zu finden, der eine geringe Verschweißneigung, einen möglichst geringen Kontaktwiderstand und damit Kontakterwärmung zeigt und eine hohe Lebensdauer und breiten Anwendungsbereich in bezug auf die Schaltstromstärke besitzt.It was therefore an object of the present invention to find a silver-iron material for electrical contacts which has a low tendency to weld, the lowest possible contact resistance and thus contact heating and has a long service life and a wide range of applications in relation to the switching current.

Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch die Verwendung eines Silber- Eisen- Werkstoffs mit 3 bis 30 Gew.-% Eisen und einem oder mehreren der folgenden Zusätze Mangan, Kupfer, Zink, Antimon, Wismutoxid, Molybdänoxid, Wolframoxid, Chromnitrid in Mengen von insgesamt 0,05 bis 5 Gew.-% gelöst.
Mit diesen Werkstoffen wird überraschenderweise eine Verringerung des Kontaktwiderstandes und damit der Kontakterwärmung erreicht, ohne daß die an sich gute Sicherheit gegen Verschweißen beeinträchtigt wird. Die Verbesserung in der Kontakterwärmung beträgt im Vergleich zu Ag/Fe-90/10 bis zu 43 %. Die Verbesserung wird durch eine günstige Beeinflussung der Ausbildung der sich bildenden Fe-Oxidschichten erreicht. Während der Werkstoff Ag/Fe-90/10 ohne Zusätze eine durchgehende Oxidschicht aufweist, wird durch die genannten Zusätze diese Oxidschicht derart beeinflußt, so daß sich ein niedriger Kontaktwiderstand in Verbindung mit einer guten Sicherheit gegen das Verschweißen ergibt.The object is achieved according to the invention by using a silver-iron material with 3 to 30% by weight of iron and one or more of the following additives: manganese, copper, zinc, antimony, bismuth oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide, chromium nitride in a total amount of 0. 05 to 5 wt .-% dissolved.
These materials surprisingly achieve a reduction in the contact resistance and thus the contact heating, without the inherently good security against welding being impaired. The improvement in contact heating is up to 43% compared to Ag / Fe-90/10. The improvement is achieved by favorably influencing the formation of the Fe oxide layers that form. While the material Ag / Fe-90/10 has a continuous oxide layer without additives, this oxide layer is influenced by the additives mentioned in such a way that there is a low contact resistance combined with good security against welding.

Besonders gut geeignet ist ein Werkstoff mit 3 - 20 % Fe und einem oder mehreren der Zusätze Mn, Cu, Zn, Bi, Bi₂O₃, MoO₃, WO₃ und/oder CrN in Mengen von insgesamt 0,2 bis 2 Gew.-%. Außerdem hat es sich bewährt, dem Silber neben 3 bis 20 Gew.-% Eisen entweder 0,2 bis 2 % nur metallische Zusätze oder 0,2 bis 2 % nur nichtmetallische Zusätze zuzugeben.A material with 3 - 20% Fe and one or more of the additives Mn, Cu, Zn, Bi, Bi₂O₃, MoO₃, WO₃ and / or CrN in a total amount of 0.2 to 2% by weight is particularly suitable. It has also proven useful to add to the silver, in addition to 3 to 20% by weight of iron, either 0.2 to 2% only of metallic additives or 0.2 to 2% of only non-metallic additives.

Günstige Eingenschaften haben Werkstoffe gezeigt, die neben 3 bis 20 % Eisen 0,2 bis 2 % nur einen der Zusätze Mangan, Kupfer, Zink, Antimon, Wismutoxid, Molybdänoxid oder Wolframoxid, Rest Silber enthalten. Vorzugsweise enthalten sie neben 3 bis 20 % Eisen 0,2 bis 2 % Zink und gegebenenfalls 0 bis 2 % Kupfer, Tantal und/oder Antimon, Rest Silber oder 0,2 bis 2 % Molybdänoxid, Rest Silber.Favorable properties have shown materials that, in addition to 3 to 20% iron, 0.2 to 2%, contain only one of the additives manganese, copper, zinc, antimony, bismuth oxide, molybdenum oxide or tungsten oxide, the rest silver. In addition to 3 to 20% iron, they preferably contain 0.2 to 2% zinc and optionally 0 to 2% copper, tantalum and / or antimony, the rest silver or 0.2 to 2% molybdenum oxide, the rest silver.

Aufgrund der Unlöslichkeit von Eisen in Silber können diese Werkstoffe nicht auf schmelzmetallurgischem Weg hergestellt werden. Die Herstellung der Werkstoffe erfolgt nach bekannten pulvermetallurgischen Verfahren. Dabei hat es sich als günstig erwiesen, wenn das verwendete Eisenpulver nicht größer als 32 µm ist. Dadurch erzielt man eine sehr gleichmäßige Verteilung der Eisenpartikel im Gemisch und im Zusammenwirken mit den weiteren Zusätzen eine sehr geringe Deckschichtausbildung beim Schalten.Due to the insolubility of iron in silver, these materials cannot be produced using the melt metallurgical method. The materials are manufactured using known powder metallurgical processes. It has proven to be advantageous if the iron powder used is not larger than 32 µm. This results in a very uniform distribution of the iron particles in the mixture and, in conjunction with the other additives, a very low formation of the top layer when switching.

Mit den so gefertigten Werkstoffen wurden elektrische Schaltversuche durchgeführt. Neben der Prüfung des Kontaktwiderstandes in einem Modellprüfstand wurde auch ein serienmäßiger Schutz zur Prüfung der Kontakterwärmung herangezogen.Electrical switching tests were carried out with the materials manufactured in this way. In addition to testing contact resistance in a model test bench, standard protection was also used to test contact heating.

Die Ergebnisse dieser Versuche sind in folgender Tabelle enthalten und zeigen die Verbesserung der erfindungsgemäßen Werkstoffe hinsichtlich Kontaktwiderstand und Kontakterwärmung gegenüber dem bekannten Werkstoff Ag/Fe-90/10.

Figure imgb0001
The results of these tests are contained in the following table and show the improvement of the materials according to the invention in terms of contact resistance and contact heating compared to the known material Ag / Fe-90/10.
Figure imgb0001

Claims (6)

  1. Use of a silver-iron material containing 3 to 30% by weight of iron and one or more of the additives manganese, copper, zinc, antimony, bismuth oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide and chromium nitride in quantities of 0.05 to 5% by weight in total, the remainder being silver, for electrical contacts.
  2. Use of a silver-iron material according to Claim 1, containing 3 to 20% iron and one or more of the additives manganese, copper, zinc, antimony, bismuth oxide, molybdenum oxide, tungsten oxide and chromium nitride in quantities of 0.2 to 2% by weight in total, the remainder being silver, for electrical contacts.
  3. Use of a material according to Claims 1 and 2 composed of 3 to 20% iron and 0.2 to 2% in total of manganese, copper, zinc and/or antimony, the remainder being silver, for electrical contacts.
  4. Use of a material according to Claims 1 and 2 composed of 3 to 20% iron and 0.2 to 2% in total of bismuth oxide, molybdenum oxide and/or tungsten oxide, the remainder being silver, for electrical contacts.
  5. Use of a material according to one of the preceding claims composed of 3 to 20% iron, 0.2 to 2% zinc and 0 to 2% copper, antimony and/or tantalum, the remainder being silver, for electrical contacts.
  6. Use of a material according to one of the preceding claims composed of 3 to 20% iron and 0.2 to 2% molybdenum oxide, the remainder being silver, for electrical contacts.
EP88108735A 1987-06-06 1988-06-01 Use of a silver-iron material for electric contacts Expired - Lifetime EP0294693B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88108735T ATE81734T1 (en) 1987-06-06 1988-06-01 USE OF A SILVER-IRON MATERIAL FOR ELECTRICAL CONTACTS.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3719052 1987-06-06
DE3719052 1987-06-06

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0294693A2 EP0294693A2 (en) 1988-12-14
EP0294693A3 EP0294693A3 (en) 1989-03-15
EP0294693B1 true EP0294693B1 (en) 1992-10-21

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EP88108735A Expired - Lifetime EP0294693B1 (en) 1987-06-06 1988-06-01 Use of a silver-iron material for electric contacts

Country Status (23)

Country Link
US (1) US4859238A (en)
EP (1) EP0294693B1 (en)
JP (1) JP2680038B2 (en)
CN (1) CN1011421B (en)
AR (1) AR241971A1 (en)
AT (1) ATE81734T1 (en)
AU (1) AU1730388A (en)
BR (1) BR8802712A (en)
CA (1) CA1309278C (en)
CS (1) CS275704B6 (en)
DE (1) DE3875385D1 (en)
DK (1) DK303088A (en)
ES (1) ES2035154T3 (en)
GR (1) GR3006495T3 (en)
HU (1) HUT50262A (en)
IN (1) IN167229B (en)
MX (1) MX170300B (en)
NO (1) NO882389L (en)
PL (1) PL156711B1 (en)
PT (1) PT87662B (en)
RU (1) RU1785579C (en)
YU (1) YU46258B (en)
ZA (1) ZA883891B (en)

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DE10012250A1 (en) * 2000-03-14 2001-09-27 Dmc2 Degussa Metals Catalysts Contact material based on silver used in the production of electrical switching contacts contains alloying additions of iron and copper

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JP5342931B2 (en) * 2009-06-05 2013-11-13 マブチモーター株式会社 Sliding contact material, clad composite material and motor
WO2013142765A1 (en) * 2012-03-23 2013-09-26 Technic, Inc. Silver antimony coatings and connectors
CN106238721B (en) * 2016-08-03 2018-06-19 施海峰 A kind of composite contact material and preparation method thereof
CN107299244B (en) * 2017-06-09 2019-07-16 佛山通宝精密合金股份有限公司 A method of preparing high-performance AgFeRe material
CN109777991A (en) * 2019-03-25 2019-05-21 杭州辰卓科技有限公司 A kind of electric leads bonding corrosion-resistant high-damping silver alloy and its technique
US20220220580A1 (en) * 2019-05-31 2022-07-14 Omron Corporation Contact material mainly composed of ag alloy, contact using the contact material, and electrical device
CN114457253B (en) * 2021-12-30 2022-12-09 无锡日月合金材料有限公司 Silver nickel-bismuth oxide material for microswitch and manufacturing method thereof

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE10012250A1 (en) * 2000-03-14 2001-09-27 Dmc2 Degussa Metals Catalysts Contact material based on silver used in the production of electrical switching contacts contains alloying additions of iron and copper
DE10012250B4 (en) * 2000-03-14 2006-06-01 Umicore Ag & Co. Kg Contact materials based on silver-iron-copper

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CA1309278C (en) 1992-10-27
CS275704B6 (en) 1992-03-18
CN1011421B (en) 1991-01-30
HUT50262A (en) 1989-12-28
NO882389L (en) 1988-12-07
CN1030098A (en) 1989-01-04
PL272879A1 (en) 1989-03-06
ZA883891B (en) 1989-02-22
YU103288A (en) 1990-04-30
PL156711B1 (en) 1992-04-30
NO882389D0 (en) 1988-05-31
EP0294693A2 (en) 1988-12-14
DK303088D0 (en) 1988-06-03
MX170300B (en) 1993-08-16
YU46258B (en) 1993-05-28
ATE81734T1 (en) 1992-11-15
AU1730388A (en) 1988-12-08
RU1785579C (en) 1992-12-30
US4859238A (en) 1989-08-22
JP2680038B2 (en) 1997-11-19
CS8803853A2 (en) 1991-04-11
PT87662A (en) 1988-07-01
GR3006495T3 (en) 1993-06-21
ES2035154T3 (en) 1993-04-16
DE3875385D1 (en) 1992-11-26
JPS6452346A (en) 1989-02-28
BR8802712A (en) 1988-12-27
AR241971A1 (en) 1993-01-29
EP0294693A3 (en) 1989-03-15
IN167229B (en) 1990-09-22
PT87662B (en) 1992-10-30
DK303088A (en) 1988-12-07

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