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EP0283377A1 - Bushing for connecting a cylindrical or oval handle to a conical bore of a tool - Google Patents

Bushing for connecting a cylindrical or oval handle to a conical bore of a tool Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0283377A1
EP0283377A1 EP88400528A EP88400528A EP0283377A1 EP 0283377 A1 EP0283377 A1 EP 0283377A1 EP 88400528 A EP88400528 A EP 88400528A EP 88400528 A EP88400528 A EP 88400528A EP 0283377 A1 EP0283377 A1 EP 0283377A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
handle
tool
sleeve
bushing
eye
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP88400528A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0283377B1 (en
Inventor
Georges Mauger
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
EDME-LACROIX SA
Original Assignee
EDME-LACROIX SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by EDME-LACROIX SA filed Critical EDME-LACROIX SA
Priority to AT88400528T priority Critical patent/ATE77786T1/en
Publication of EP0283377A1 publication Critical patent/EP0283377A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0283377B1 publication Critical patent/EP0283377B1/en
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25G—HANDLES FOR HAND IMPLEMENTS
    • B25G3/00—Attaching handles to the implements
    • B25G3/34—Attaching handles to the implements by pressing the handle on the implements; using cement or molten metal, e.g. casting, moulding, by welding or the like
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B25—HAND TOOLS; PORTABLE POWER-DRIVEN TOOLS; MANIPULATORS
    • B25G—HANDLES FOR HAND IMPLEMENTS
    • B25G3/00—Attaching handles to the implements
    • B25G3/02—Socket, tang, or like fixings
    • B25G3/10—Socket, tang, or like fixings with elastic, taper, or other self-grip socket or tang

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a socket for fitting tools with a conical eye.
  • This invention aims to remedy these drawbacks.
  • This invention as it is characterized, solves the problem of creating a socket, intended to be mounted at the end of a handle of standard and regular section, with a view to adapting it, to the fitting of '' tools with conical eyes such as picks, hoes, hoes, some hammers, weights, axes and oval picks.
  • This socket is mainly characterized in that it consists of a conical piece of semi-rigid material, of circular or oval section, conforming to the shape of the eye of the tool, comprising an orifice or an axial cavity of section corresponding to that of the tool handle.
  • the asphalting of the sleeve includes asperities intended to be housed in cavities of the same shape and of the same dimension produced at the periphery of the handle.
  • the protrusions arranged in the bore of the sleeve consist of annular ribs of section corresponding to that of grooves made at the periphery of the handle.
  • the ribs and the annular grooves arranged respectively in the bore of the sleeve and at the periphery of the handle have a section in right-angled triangle whose short side of the right angle is located on the side of the end of the handle on which the tool is mounted.
  • This embodiment is intended for allow the sleeve to be force fitted onto the end of the handle.
  • the sleeve can be molded onto the handle and, in this case, the production of cavities at the periphery of the handle can be obtained by any means making it possible to increase the roughness of the surface of the handle on a length corresponding to that of the sleeve, or by drilling one or more transverse orifices intended to fill completely or partially with material during overmolding.
  • the sleeve can be made in two half-shells intended to fit on the handle laterally and in juxtaposition, respecting the correspondence of the ribs and grooves arranged respectively in the bore of the socket and on the periphery of the handle.
  • the advantages obtained consist essentially in that it makes it possible to obtain a saving of wood of approximately 30% , a simplification of the machining, and a greater standardization of the handles without reducing the mechanical characteristics of these.
  • the drawing represents an assembly consisting of a pickaxe 1 in the eye 1a from which a cylindrical handle 2 is fixed by means of a plastic sleeve 3 .
  • the sleeve 3 the bore of which comprises triangular ribs 3a , has been, taking into account the section in right triangle and the orientation of the latter, force fitted on one end of the handle 2 having grooves 2a of the same section and the same spacing vector prior to engagement of the tip 1 over the sleeve 3, whose shape corresponds to that of the eye 1a of the tip 1.
  • the bore of the sleeve 3 is closed on the side of the base of the cone by a wall 3b which seals the assembly and thus prevents deterioration of the wood.
  • the sleeve 3 can be made in two half-shells which would be put in place by lateral fitting before fitting the tool which would thus ensure the joining of the two half-shells with the handle.
  • this socket 3 can be secured to the handle 2 , by molding, before mounting the tool and that, in this case, the longitudinal connection could be easily obtained by making streaks beforehand or by increasing the roughness over the sleeve length corresponding to the length of the sleeve.
  • One or two orifices drilled right through at this end of the handle, before overmolding, would also suffice, by penetration of the material in pasty form, at the time of overmolding, to ensure sufficient joining of the sleeve with the handle.
  • the socket according to the invention is intended mainly for the fitting of tools with a conical eye, but it could also be used, with profit, to ensure the adaptation of tools with cylindrical eye on standard handles provided that the socket is suitable for this kind of eye, that it has a shoulder at its end to prevent the tool from being pulled out and that its outer wall offers a slight taper in order to obtain a fastening of the assembly by tightening.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Percussive Tools And Related Accessories (AREA)
  • Insulating Bodies (AREA)
  • Prostheses (AREA)
  • Dowels (AREA)
  • Cable Accessories (AREA)
  • Processing Of Terminals (AREA)
  • Dental Tools And Instruments Or Auxiliary Dental Instruments (AREA)

Abstract

This bushing consists of a conical piece made from semi-rigid material (3), matching externally the shape of the bore (1a) of a tool (1) comprising a hole having a cross-section corresponding to that of the handle (2). The hole of the bushing comprises asperities (3a) intended to lodge in cavities (2a) made in the periphery of the handle. <IMAGE>

Description

L'invention concerne une douille pour emmanchage d'outils à oeil conique.The invention relates to a socket for fitting tools with a conical eye.

Jusqu'alors la partie conique nécessaire à l'emmanchage d'outils, dits à emmanchage par dessus la douille ou à douille conique, était usinée directement dans la masse; ce qui obligeait à utiliser des sections importantes. Pour les pioches rondes, par exemple, il fallait un carrelet de 54 x54mm qui devait être réduit mécaniquement à 38mm de diamètre pour la partie du manche sans cône, avec tout ce que cela impliquait comme gaspillage de matière, d'énergie ou de temps. Les outils à emmanchement conique ou ovale, tels que les pioches et les masses, étaient ensuite engagés à force sur la partie conique du manche. Les outils spéciaux, sortant des standards habituels, exigeaient des manches de section particulière qui devraient être réalisés spécialement.Hitherto the conical part necessary for the fitting of tools, said to be fitted over the socket or with a tapered socket, was machined directly in the mass; which required the use of large sections. For round picks, for example, a 54 x54mm square was needed which had to be mechanically reduced to 38mm in diameter for the part of the handle without a cone, with all that that involved wasting material, energy or time. Tools with conical or oval shanks, such as picks and weights, were then forcibly engaged on the conical part of the handle. The special tools, going beyond the usual standards, required handles of particular section which should be specially made.

On connaît déjà des dispositifs permettant la fixation d'un manche sur un outil par l'intermédiaire d'une pièce intercalaire en matière plastique. De tels dispositifs sont décrits dans le brevet FrançaisFR-A- 2 147 441 et dans les demandes de brevet PCT/US 81/00738 et PCT/EU 0 088 268. Toutefois ces dispositifs ont pour but de faciliter le montage d'outils tels que marteaux, massettes ou balais sur des manches de section régulière et non de permettre une réduction de section du carrelet brut dans lequel le manche est usiné.Devices are already known for fixing a handle to a tool by means of an intermediate piece of plastic. Such devices are described in French patent FR-A- 2,147,441 and in patent applications PCT / US 81/00738 and PCT / EU 0 088 268 . However, these devices are intended to facilitate the mounting of tools such as hammers, hammers or brooms on handles of regular section and not to allow a reduction in section of the raw plaice in which the handle is machined.

La présente invention a pour but de remédier à ces inconvénients. Cette invention, telle qu'elle se caractèrise résout le problème consistant à créer une douille, destinée à se monter à l'extrémité d'un manche de section standard et régulière, en vue d'adapter celui-ci, à l'emmanchage d'outils à oeil conique tels que les pioches, les houes, les serfouettes, certains marteaux, les masses, les haches et les pioches ovales.The present invention aims to remedy these drawbacks. This invention, as it is characterized, solves the problem of creating a socket, intended to be mounted at the end of a handle of standard and regular section, with a view to adapting it, to the fitting of '' tools with conical eyes such as picks, hoes, hoes, some hammers, weights, axes and oval picks.

Cette douille se caractérise principalement en ce qu'elle est constituée d'une pièce conique en matière semi-rigide, de section circulaire ou ovale, épousant la forme de l'oeil de l'outil, comportant un orifice ou une cavité axiale de section correspondant à celle du manche de l'outil. L'asélage de la douille comporte des aspérités destinées à venir se loger dans des cavités de même forme et de même dimension réalisées à la périphérie du manche.This socket is mainly characterized in that it consists of a conical piece of semi-rigid material, of circular or oval section, conforming to the shape of the eye of the tool, comprising an orifice or an axial cavity of section corresponding to that of the tool handle. The asphalting of the sleeve includes asperities intended to be housed in cavities of the same shape and of the same dimension produced at the periphery of the handle.

Selon un premier mode de réalisation, les aspérités aménagées dans l'alésage de la douille sont constituées de nervures annulaires de section correspondant à celle de rainures réalisées à la périphérie du manche.According to a first embodiment, the protrusions arranged in the bore of the sleeve consist of annular ribs of section corresponding to that of grooves made at the periphery of the handle.

Selon un mode particulier de réalisation, les nervures et les rainures annulaires aménagées respectivement dans l'alésage de la douille et à la périphérie du manche, ont une section en triangle rectangle dont le petit côté de l'angle droit est situé du côté de l'extrémité du manche sur lequel se monte l'outil. Ce mode de réalisation est prévu pour permettre l'emmanchement à force de la douille sur l'extrémité du manche.According to a particular embodiment, the ribs and the annular grooves arranged respectively in the bore of the sleeve and at the periphery of the handle, have a section in right-angled triangle whose short side of the right angle is located on the side of the end of the handle on which the tool is mounted. This embodiment is intended for allow the sleeve to be force fitted onto the end of the handle.

Quel que soit le mode de réalisation, la douille peut être surmoulée sur le manche et, dans ce cas,la réalisation de cavités à la périphérie du manche peut être obtenue par tout moyen permettant d'augmenter la rugosité de la surface du manche sur une longueur correspondant à celle de la douille, ou par perçage d'un ou de plusieurs orifices transversaux destinés à se remplir totalement ou partiellement de matière lors du surmoulage.Whatever the embodiment, the sleeve can be molded onto the handle and, in this case, the production of cavities at the periphery of the handle can be obtained by any means making it possible to increase the roughness of the surface of the handle on a length corresponding to that of the sleeve, or by drilling one or more transverse orifices intended to fill completely or partially with material during overmolding.

Selon le premier mode de réalisation décrit ci-dessus, la douille peut être réalisée en deux demi-coquilles destinées à s'emboîter sur le manche latéralement et en juxtaposition, en respectant la correspondance des nervures et des rainures aménagées respectivement dans l'alésage de la douille et à la périphérie du manche.According to the first embodiment described above, the sleeve can be made in two half-shells intended to fit on the handle laterally and in juxtaposition, respecting the correspondence of the ribs and grooves arranged respectively in the bore of the socket and on the periphery of the handle.

Les avantages obtenus, grâce à cette invention, consistent essentiellement en ceci qu'elle permet d'obtenir une économie de bois d'environ 30%, une simplification de l'usinage, et une plus grande standardisation des manches sans réduire les caractéristiques mécaniques de ceux-ci.The advantages obtained, thanks to this invention, consist essentially in that it makes it possible to obtain a saving of wood of approximately 30% , a simplification of the machining, and a greater standardization of the handles without reducing the mechanical characteristics of these.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront dans la description qui va suivre de l'emmanchement d'une pioche, à oeil conique et ovale, sur un manche cylindrique par l'intermédiaire d'une douille conique de section ovale dont l'alésage comporte des nervures de section triangulaire, donné à titre d'exemple non limitatif au regard du dessin annexé représentant une vue de côté, en coupe, de l'assemblage.Other characteristics and advantages will appear in the following description of the fitting of a pickaxe, with a conical and oval eye, on a cylindrical handle by means of a conical sleeve of oval section, the bore of which comprises ribs of triangular section, given as an example not limiting with regard to the attached drawing showing a side view, in section, of the assembly.

Le dessin représente un assemblage constitué d'une pioche 1 dans l'oeil 1a de laquelle est fixé un manche cylindrique2 par l'intermédiaire d'une douille en matière plastique3.The drawing represents an assembly consisting of a pickaxe 1 in the eye 1a from which a cylindrical handle 2 is fixed by means of a plastic sleeve 3 .

En examinant ce dessin plus en détail, on remarque que la douille 3, dont l'alésage comporte des nervures triangulaires3a, a été, compte-tenu de la section en triangle rectangle et de l'orientation de ces dernières, emmanchée à force sur l'une des extrémités du manche 2 comportant des rainures2a de même section et de même espacement, avant emmanchement classique de la pioche 1 par dessus la douille 3, dont la forme correspond à celle de l'oeil 1a de la pioche1.By examining this drawing in more detail, it is noted that the sleeve 3 , the bore of which comprises triangular ribs 3a , has been, taking into account the section in right triangle and the orientation of the latter, force fitted on one end of the handle 2 having grooves 2a of the same section and the same spacing vector prior to engagement of the tip 1 over the sleeve 3, whose shape corresponds to that of the eye 1a of the tip 1.

Comme on le voit l'alésage de la douille3 est fermé du côté de la base du cône par une paroi3b qui assure l'étanchéité de l'assemblage et évite ainsi la détérioration du bois.As can be seen, the bore of the sleeve 3 is closed on the side of the base of the cone by a wall 3b which seals the assembly and thus prevents deterioration of the wood.

On conçoit aisément que la douille 3 puisse être réalisée en deux demi-coquilles qui seraient mises en place par emboîtage latéral avant emmanchement de l'outil qui assurerait ainsi la solidarisation des deux demi-coquilles avec le manche.It is easily understood that the sleeve 3 can be made in two half-shells which would be put in place by lateral fitting before fitting the tool which would thus ensure the joining of the two half-shells with the handle.

On conçoit aussi que cette douille 3 puisse être solidarisée au manche 2, par surmoulage, avant le montage de l'outil et que, dans ce cas, la solidarisation longitudinale pourrait être aisément obtenue en réalisant au préalable des stries ou en augmentant la rugosité sur la longueur de manche correspondant à la longueur de la douille.We also understand that this socket 3 can be secured to the handle 2 , by molding, before mounting the tool and that, in this case, the longitudinal connection could be easily obtained by making streaks beforehand or by increasing the roughness over the sleeve length corresponding to the length of the sleeve.

Un ou deux orifices perçés de part en part à cette extrémité du manche, avant surmoulage, suffiraient aussi, par pénétration de la matière sous forme pâteuse, au moment du surmoulage, à assurer une solidarisation suffisante de la douille avec le manche.One or two orifices drilled right through at this end of the handle, before overmolding, would also suffice, by penetration of the material in pasty form, at the time of overmolding, to ensure sufficient joining of the sleeve with the handle.

La douille selon l'invention est destinée principalement à l'emmanchement d'outils à oeil conique, mais elle pourrait être utilisée aussi, avec profit, pour assurer l'adaptation d'outils à oeil cylindrique sur des manches standard sous réserve que la douille soit adaptée à cette sorte d'oeil, qu'elle comporte un épaulement à son extrémité pour empêcher le démanchage de l'outil et que sa paroi extérieure offre une légère conicité afin d'obtenir une solidarisation de l'ensemble par serrage.The socket according to the invention is intended mainly for the fitting of tools with a conical eye, but it could also be used, with profit, to ensure the adaptation of tools with cylindrical eye on standard handles provided that the socket is suitable for this kind of eye, that it has a shoulder at its end to prevent the tool from being pulled out and that its outer wall offers a slight taper in order to obtain a fastening of the assembly by tightening.

Claims (3)

1. Douille de raccordement d'un manche à l'oeil d'un outil, constituée d'une pièce en matière semi-rigide épousant extérieurement la forme de l'oeil de l'outil et intérieurement celle du manche dont l'alésage comporte des aspérités destinées à venir se loger dans des cavités de même forme réalisées à la périphérie du manche, caractérisée en ce que les aspérités et les cavités ont une section triangulaire rectangle dont le petit côté de l'angle droit est situé vers l'avant.1. Sleeve for connecting a handle to the eye of a tool, consisting of a piece of semi-rigid material externally matching the shape of the eye of the tool and internally that of the handle, the bore of which comprises asperities intended to be housed in cavities of the same shape produced at the periphery of the handle, characterized in that the asperities and the cavities have a right triangular section whose short side of the right angle is located towards the front. 2. Douille selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est surmoulée sur le manche.2. Socket according to claim 1, characterized in that it is molded onto the handle. 3. Douille selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce qu'elle est mise en place sur le manche par emmanchement à force.3. Socket according to claim 1, characterized in that it is placed on the handle by force fitting.
EP88400528A 1987-03-19 1988-03-04 Bushing for connecting a cylindrical or oval handle to a conical bore of a tool Expired - Lifetime EP0283377B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT88400528T ATE77786T1 (en) 1987-03-19 1988-03-04 CONNECTION BETWEEN A CYLINDRICAL OR OVAL STEM AND THE CONICAL EYE OF A TOOL.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8703945A FR2612442B1 (en) 1987-03-19 1987-03-19 CONNECTING SOCKET OF A CYLINDRICAL OR OVAL HANDLE TO THE CONICAL EYE OF A TOOL
FR8703945 1987-03-19

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0283377A1 true EP0283377A1 (en) 1988-09-21
EP0283377B1 EP0283377B1 (en) 1992-07-01

Family

ID=9349281

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP88400528A Expired - Lifetime EP0283377B1 (en) 1987-03-19 1988-03-04 Bushing for connecting a cylindrical or oval handle to a conical bore of a tool

Country Status (5)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0283377B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE77786T1 (en)
DE (1) DE3872414T2 (en)
FR (1) FR2612442B1 (en)
PT (1) PT87021B (en)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0517709A1 (en) * 1990-02-28 1992-12-16 Joseph Allen Carmien Tool handle and method of attaching a handle to a percussive tool head.
FR2729185A1 (en) * 1995-01-09 1996-07-12 Mathou Marcel Nozzle that can fit on cylindrical bar
GB2364013A (en) * 2001-10-23 2002-01-16 James Melia The garden tool
FR2873053A1 (en) * 2004-07-19 2006-01-20 Leborgne Sa Handle assembling and fixing device for striking tool e.g. hammer, has socket made from flexible thermoplastic material having hardness lower than that of inner core of handle, where tool is tightly fitted by remounting tool on socket
US20130036877A1 (en) * 2008-12-09 2013-02-14 Ames True Temper, Inc. Coupling for handle and tool head
EP2650099A1 (en) * 2012-04-13 2013-10-16 MONTFORT Kunststofftechnik GmbH Handheld tool with wood encapsulation

Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB846702A (en) * 1956-07-12 1960-08-31 Wright Howard Clayton Ltd Improvements relating to hand tools
DE1953599U (en) * 1966-08-18 1967-01-12 Willi Hoetz HAMMER HANDLE AND HEAD MOUNTING.
GB1399582A (en) * 1973-07-03 1975-07-02 Nupla Corp Adapter for fiberglass handles for tools
DE2747541A1 (en) * 1977-10-22 1979-04-26 Eutiner Buerstenfabrik Berger Handle holder outer cover and inner walling - have successively ringed or spiral grooves to accommodate conically ended handle
US4188703A (en) * 1975-06-26 1980-02-19 Fish Herbert L Impact tool, handle assembly therefor, and method of attaching handle to head
US4287640A (en) * 1979-08-17 1981-09-08 Ixl Manufacturing Co., Inc. Tool handle and method of making same
WO1981003458A1 (en) * 1980-06-05 1981-12-10 Budd Co Replacement handle for a tool
US4367969A (en) * 1979-08-31 1983-01-11 Carmien Joseph A Bushing for attaching fiberglass tool handles

Family Cites Families (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4139930A (en) * 1977-10-11 1979-02-20 Cox Charles T All-metal hammer handle adapter construction

Patent Citations (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB846702A (en) * 1956-07-12 1960-08-31 Wright Howard Clayton Ltd Improvements relating to hand tools
DE1953599U (en) * 1966-08-18 1967-01-12 Willi Hoetz HAMMER HANDLE AND HEAD MOUNTING.
GB1399582A (en) * 1973-07-03 1975-07-02 Nupla Corp Adapter for fiberglass handles for tools
US4188703A (en) * 1975-06-26 1980-02-19 Fish Herbert L Impact tool, handle assembly therefor, and method of attaching handle to head
DE2747541A1 (en) * 1977-10-22 1979-04-26 Eutiner Buerstenfabrik Berger Handle holder outer cover and inner walling - have successively ringed or spiral grooves to accommodate conically ended handle
US4287640A (en) * 1979-08-17 1981-09-08 Ixl Manufacturing Co., Inc. Tool handle and method of making same
US4367969A (en) * 1979-08-31 1983-01-11 Carmien Joseph A Bushing for attaching fiberglass tool handles
WO1981003458A1 (en) * 1980-06-05 1981-12-10 Budd Co Replacement handle for a tool

Cited By (8)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0517709A1 (en) * 1990-02-28 1992-12-16 Joseph Allen Carmien Tool handle and method of attaching a handle to a percussive tool head.
EP0517709A4 (en) * 1990-02-28 1993-04-07 Joseph Allen Carmien Tool handle and method of attaching a handle to a percussive tool head
FR2729185A1 (en) * 1995-01-09 1996-07-12 Mathou Marcel Nozzle that can fit on cylindrical bar
GB2364013A (en) * 2001-10-23 2002-01-16 James Melia The garden tool
GB2364013B (en) * 2001-10-23 2002-05-29 James Melia The garden tool
FR2873053A1 (en) * 2004-07-19 2006-01-20 Leborgne Sa Handle assembling and fixing device for striking tool e.g. hammer, has socket made from flexible thermoplastic material having hardness lower than that of inner core of handle, where tool is tightly fitted by remounting tool on socket
US20130036877A1 (en) * 2008-12-09 2013-02-14 Ames True Temper, Inc. Coupling for handle and tool head
EP2650099A1 (en) * 2012-04-13 2013-10-16 MONTFORT Kunststofftechnik GmbH Handheld tool with wood encapsulation

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
PT87021B (en) 1995-03-01
FR2612442B1 (en) 1989-10-13
ATE77786T1 (en) 1992-07-15
DE3872414T2 (en) 1993-01-28
DE3872414D1 (en) 1992-08-06
EP0283377B1 (en) 1992-07-01
FR2612442A1 (en) 1988-09-23
PT87021A (en) 1989-03-30

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