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EP0276447A1 - Hollow blocks with gripping aids, and apparatus for making them - Google Patents

Hollow blocks with gripping aids, and apparatus for making them Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0276447A1
EP0276447A1 EP87118556A EP87118556A EP0276447A1 EP 0276447 A1 EP0276447 A1 EP 0276447A1 EP 87118556 A EP87118556 A EP 87118556A EP 87118556 A EP87118556 A EP 87118556A EP 0276447 A1 EP0276447 A1 EP 0276447A1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
perforated brick
pressure stamp
brick
wedge
perforated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87118556A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
Horst Dipl.-Ing. Jung
Fritz Weber
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Erlus Baustoffwerke AG
Original Assignee
Erlus Baustoffwerke AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Erlus Baustoffwerke AG filed Critical Erlus Baustoffwerke AG
Publication of EP0276447A1 publication Critical patent/EP0276447A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2/14—Walls having cavities in, but not between, the elements, i.e. each cavity being enclosed by at least four sides forming part of one single element
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B28—WORKING CEMENT, CLAY, OR STONE
    • B28B—SHAPING CLAY OR OTHER CERAMIC COMPOSITIONS; SHAPING SLAG; SHAPING MIXTURES CONTAINING CEMENTITIOUS MATERIAL, e.g. PLASTER
    • B28B11/00—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles
    • B28B11/12—Apparatus or processes for treating or working the shaped or preshaped articles for removing parts of the articles by cutting
    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E04—BUILDING
    • E04B—GENERAL BUILDING CONSTRUCTIONS; WALLS, e.g. PARTITIONS; ROOFS; FLOORS; CEILINGS; INSULATION OR OTHER PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS
    • E04B2/00—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls
    • E04B2/02—Walls, e.g. partitions, for buildings; Wall construction with regard to insulation; Connections specially adapted to walls built-up from layers of building elements
    • E04B2002/0256—Special features of building elements
    • E04B2002/0258—Gripping or handling aids

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a perforated brick produced in the extrusion process, in particular a clay light brick, with a recess forming a grip aid in at least one side surface of the perforated brick. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for forming the grip aid in the perforated brick.
  • This cutting device is controlled in the pressing cycle of the extrusion press and presses the cutting wire into the plastic strand flank for a predetermined time and during the extrusion movement of the strand, so that a piece of material corresponding to the recess to be produced is cut out.
  • this cutting device is susceptible to operation and is relatively expensive due to the control-related adjustment to the press cycle.
  • the invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a perforated brick produced in the extrusion process with a grip aid in which the recess forming the grip aid is largely free of burrs and edges, and furthermore to create a relatively simple and reliable device with which the grip aid produces on the perforated brick can be.
  • the invention proposes that the recess forming the gripping aid on the perforated brick is an indentation which, in the still plastic state of the perforated brick, i.e. before it burns.
  • the invention is based on the consideration that exposure of the brick perforation in the base of the recess forming the grip aid can be avoided if the jacket of the perforated brick is pressed inwards.
  • the perforation only appears on the actual gripping surface, but in such a way that burrs and edges appearing there mainly protrude inwards.
  • the bottom of the depression remains smooth and has no edges, corresponding to the outer surface of the jacket. It has advantageously been shown that a bulge of material normally observed in the production of indentations on plastic bodies does not take place in the vicinity of the indentation. Because the perforation of the brick is able to accommodate the inwardly pressed casing material to the extent necessary for the proper formation of the recess. The outer shape of the perforated brick is therefore not affected by the indentation.
  • the device for forming the grip aid has a pressure plunger which can be moved essentially perpendicularly to the side surface of the perforated brick and which carries a shaped body which can be pressed into the side surface in its still plastic state and which determines the shape of the grip aid.
  • the actuation of the pressure stamp to create the shape and size of the recess does not require any control moderate adjustment to the strand speed, as is the case with the cutting device described above. Rather, the shape and size of the depression is determined exclusively by the molded body attached to the pressure stamp and its depth of indentation. The indentation can therefore always take place at any time after the strand has been pressed out and even after the strand has been cut into individual perforated bricks.
  • the molded body is advantageously wedge-shaped and has a first wedge surface directed perpendicular to the side surface of the perforated brick and a second wedge surface oriented at an angle thereto, which form an edge running parallel to the side surface.
  • the wedge surface perpendicular to the side surface of the perforated brick serves to form the actual gripping surface, which can be gripped by the fingers.
  • the inclined second wedge surface is the one that then presses the jacket of the perforated brick inwards against the grip surface without damaging it. Due to the wedge shape, the bottom of the indentation runs evenly into the side surface of the perforated brick.
  • the cutting edge formed by the two wedge surfaces can be formed by a knife which rests on the first wedge surface of the shaped body and also projects beyond the edge formed by the two wedge surfaces. Furthermore, according to a particularly advantageous embodiment, it is provided that two shaped bodies of the type described with their second wedge surfaces facing one another jointly to be arranged on the pressure stamp so that a depression which is symmetrical with respect to its center line can be produced. The depression is expediently also symmetrical to the central plane of the perforated brick, so that a gripping aid is thereby created which enables the perforated brick to be gripped from both sides.
  • Fig. 1 shows in dash-dotted lines the cross-sectional outline of a strand 1, which is pressed from an extruder, not shown, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing.
  • the strand 1 is assigned a cutting device, not shown, which accompanies the strand 1 synchronously during the pressing cycle and cuts it to individual perforated bricks.
  • a detailed explanation of the extrusion press and the cutting device connected downstream of it is not necessary at this point because these devices are generally known prior art.
  • a U-shaped frame 2 made of square tube is attached, which - as can be seen from Fig. 1 - overlaps the strand 1 from above, so that its two legs 3 from the side surfaces 4 of the strand 1 approximately have the same distance.
  • a pressure stamp generally designated 5
  • a molded body, designated overall by 8 is exchangeably fastened by a screw connection, which can be moved back and forth by the pneumatic cylinder 6 relative to the associated side face 4 of the strand 1.
  • the piston rod of the cylinder 6 is a double piston rod (see FIG. 2).
  • the pressure stamp 5 is fastened to the associated leg 3 of the frame 2 via an angle 9, which is screwed onto the leg 3 by means of merely indicated screws.
  • the screws pass through two oblong holes, not shown, in the plate of the angle 9 which bears against the leg 3 and which run in such a way that the entire pressure stamp 5 can be adjusted toward or away from the strand 1 after the screws have been loosened.
  • the molded body 8 consists of two individual molded bodies 81 of identical construction.
  • the shaped bodies 81 have an approximately wedge shape, a first wedge surface 82 being directed perpendicular to the side surface 4 of the strand 1, while the second wedge surface 83, which is actually a cylindrically convex curved surface, extends at an angle to it.
  • the first wedge surface 82 has a knife 85 provided with teeth 84 on its cutting edge, which protrudes beyond the edge formed by the wedge surfaces 82 and 83 (FIG. 2).
  • the two single shaped bodies 81 face each other with their cylindrical wedge surfaces 83 and in this way form a double shaped body symmetrical to the central axis of the pressure ram 5.
  • solenoid valves 12 On the transverse web of the frame 2, two solenoid valves 12 are fastened, which are connected to the pneumatic cylinders 6 via corresponding supply and discharge lines 13, 14, which are only indicated in FIG. 1.
  • the solenoid valves 12, without being shown in more detail, are controlled by the clock control of the cutting device and in each case simultaneously release the inflow or outflow of compressed air to or from the pneumatic cylinders 6.
  • the pressure stamp 5 is screwed onto the stamp plates 7. Then the plungers 5 are screwed to the legs 3 of the frame 2 in such a high position that the shaped bodies 8 are arranged largely centrally in the mortar pocket 41 formed in the side surface 4 of the strand 1.
  • the depth of penetration of the shaped bodies 8 into the side surface 4 is then determined by adjusting the angle 9 by means of the elongated holes, not shown, and then the screw connection is finally fixed.
  • the strand 1 is removed from the mouthpiece by a further piece pressed.
  • the cutting device not shown, to which the frame 2 is fastened, moves with the strand 1, so that a perforated brick is cut to length from the strand 1.
  • the control of the plunger 5 is carried out by controlling the cutting device in such a way that the solenoid valves 12 open the supply of compressed air to the pneumatic cylinders 6 at the same time as the cutting device moves, so that the shaped bodies 8 are extended by the piston rods and by the predetermined amount penetrate into the side surface 4 of the still plastic strand. Due to the narrow and toothed cutting edge 84 of each knife 85, a pair of gripping surfaces 20 (FIG.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Structural Engineering (AREA)
  • Architecture (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Ceramic Engineering (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • Civil Engineering (AREA)
  • Press-Shaping Or Shaping Using Conveyers (AREA)

Abstract

A hollow brick, especially a lightweight clay brick, which is produced by extrusion and which has in at least one side face a depression forming a gripping aid, the depression being an indentation (21). As a result, the gripping aid can be kept largely free of burrs and of edges. Furthermore, the apparatus for making the gripping aid requires only a pressure ram which is movable perpendicularly to the side face of the hollow brick and which carries a shaping body which can press into the side face in its still plastic state. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft einen im Strangpressverfahren herge­stellten Lochziegel, insbesondere einen Ton-Leichtziegel, mit einer eine Griffhilfe bildenden Vertiefung in mindestens einer Seitenfläche des Lochziegels. Weiterhin betrifft die Erfindung eine Vorrichtung zur Ausbildung der Griffhilfe in dem Lochziegel.The invention relates to a perforated brick produced in the extrusion process, in particular a clay light brick, with a recess forming a grip aid in at least one side surface of the perforated brick. Furthermore, the invention relates to a device for forming the grip aid in the perforated brick.

Im Interesse einer notwendigen Rationalisierung werden heute in sehr grossem Ausmaß großformatige Wandbausteine verwendet. Um diese Wandbausteine beim Vermauern einwandfrei handhaben zu können, ist es bereits bekannt, in mindestens einer und zweckmässigerweise in gegenüberliegenden Seitenflächen jedes Wandbausteins eine Vertiefung vorzusehen, die als Griff­hilfe dient und zu diesem Zweck eine senkrecht zur Seiten­fläche einspringende Griffläche aufweist. Bei im Gieß- oder Preßverfahren hergestellten Wandbausteinen kann die die Griffhilfe bildende Vertiefung durch eine entsprechende Gestaltung der Gieß- oder Preßform erzeugt werden. Bei im Strangpreßverfahren hergestellten Wandbausteinen, insbe­sondere Lochziegeln, ist eine solche Herstellungart nicht möglich, da das Rohmaterial hierbei durch ein die Form bestimmendes Mundstück als Strang ausgepresst wird und daher allseitig begrenzte unzusammenhängende Vertiefungen in den Außenflächen des Stranges mittels des Mundstückes nicht erzeugt werden können. Es ist daher bereits eine Vor­richtung zur Ausbildung von Griffhilfen an im Strangpreß­verfahren hergestellten Lochziegeln bekannt, die als Schneid­vorrichtung ausgebildet ist und einen in Richtung senkrecht zur Strangflanke vor- und rückbewegbaren, zu einer ge­schlossenen Schlinge gebogenen Schneidedraht aufweist (DE-OS 35 41 280). Diese Schneidvorrichtung ist im Preß­takt der Strangpresse gesteuert und drückt den Schneide­draht während einer vorbestimmten Zeit und während der Auspreßbewegung des Stranges in die plastische Strang­flanke, so daß ein der herzustellenden Vertiefung ent­sprechendes Materialstück ausgeschnitten wird. Diese Schneidvorrichtung ist jedoch im Betrieb anfällig und aufgrund der steuerungsmässigen Abstimmung auf den Preßtakt verhältnismässig teuer.In the interest of a necessary rationalization, large-format wall blocks are used to a very large extent. In order to be able to handle these wall building blocks properly during bricking, it is already known to provide a recess in at least one and expediently in opposite side surfaces of each wall building block, which serves as a gripping aid and for this purpose has a gripping surface projecting perpendicularly to the side surface. In the case of wall blocks produced using the casting or pressing process, the depression forming the grip aid can be produced by appropriately designing the casting or pressing mold. In the case of wall building blocks produced in the extrusion process, in particular perforated bricks, such a type of production is not possible, since the raw material is pressed out as a strand through a shape-determining mouthpiece and therefore unrelated indentations in the outer surfaces of the strand which are limited on all sides cannot be produced by means of the mouthpiece. Therefore, a device for forming gripping aids on perforated bricks produced by the extrusion process is known, which is designed as a cutting device and one in the direction perpendicular has cutting wire that can be moved back and forth to the strand flank and bent into a closed loop (DE-OS 35 41 280). This cutting device is controlled in the pressing cycle of the extrusion press and presses the cutting wire into the plastic strand flank for a predetermined time and during the extrusion movement of the strand, so that a piece of material corresponding to the recess to be produced is cut out. However, this cutting device is susceptible to operation and is relatively expensive due to the control-related adjustment to the press cycle.

Es ist grundsätzlich auch möglich, die die Griffhilfe bildende Vertiefung nach dem Brennen des Lochziegels durch Schleifen oder Fräsen einzubringen, jedoch ist auch diese Vorgangsweise aufwendig und teuer.In principle, it is also possible to introduce the recess forming the grip aid after the perforated brick has been fired by grinding or milling, but this procedure is also complex and expensive.

In beiden vorstehend angegebenen Fällen entsteht auf­grund der Entfernung von Lochziegelmaterial eine Ver­tiefung, in deren Grund - wenn sie im Sinne einer einwandfreien Handhabung des Lochziegels ausreichend tief bemessen ist - die Lochung freiliegt. Dies sieht jedoch nicht nur unschön aus, was für solche Vermauerungen von Bedeutung ist, bei denen die Griffhilfe im Mauerverbund sichtbar ist, sondern ergibt auch scharfe Grate und Kanten, die zu einer Verletzung der Finger beim Hinein­greifen führen können.In both of the above cases, due to the removal of perforated brick material, a recess is created, in the bottom of which - if it is sufficiently deep for the proper handling of the perforated brick - the perforation is exposed. However, this not only looks unattractive, which is important for such masonry where the grip aid is visible in the composite wall, but also results in sharp burrs and edges that can lead to injury to the fingers when reaching into it.

Der Erfindung liegt deshalb die Aufgabe zugrund, einen im Strangpreßverfahren hergestellten Lochziegel mit Griffhilfe vorzuschlagen, bei dem die die Griffhilfe bildende Vertiefung weitgehend grat- und kantenfrei ist, und weiterhin eine relativ einfache und betriebssichere Vorrichtung zu schaffen, mit der die Griffhilfe an dem Lochziegel erzeugt werden kann.The invention is therefore based on the object of proposing a perforated brick produced in the extrusion process with a grip aid in which the recess forming the grip aid is largely free of burrs and edges, and furthermore to create a relatively simple and reliable device with which the grip aid produces on the perforated brick can be.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe schlägt die Erfindung vor, daß die die Griffhilfe bildende Vertiefung an dem Lochziegel eine Eindrückung ist, die im noch plastischen Zustand des Lochziegels, d.h. also vor dessen Brennen, erzeugt wird.To achieve this object, the invention proposes that the recess forming the gripping aid on the perforated brick is an indentation which, in the still plastic state of the perforated brick, i.e. before it burns.

Die Erfindung geht dabei von der Überlegung aus, daß ein Freilegen der Ziegellochung im Grund der die Griffhilfe bildenden Vertiefung vermieden werden kann, wenn der Mantel des Lochziegels nach innen gedrückt wird. Hier­durch tritt lediglich an der eigentlichen Griffläche die Lochung zutage, jedoch in einer Form, daß dort auf­tretende Grate und Kanten hauptsächlich nach innen vor­springen. Der Grund der Vertiefung bleibt jedoch ent­sprechend der Außenfläche des Mantels glatt und kanten­frei. Dabei hat sich vorteilhafterweise gezeigt, daß eine normalerweise bei der Herstellung von Eindrückungen an plastischen Körpern zu beobachtende Materialauf­wölbung im Umkreis der Eindrückung nicht stattfindet. Denn die Lochung des Ziegels ist in der Lage, das nach innen gedrückte Mantelmaterial in dem Maße aufzu­nehmen, wie dies zur einwandfreien Ausbildung der Ver­tiefung erforderlich ist. Die äußere Form des Loch­ziegels wird somit durch die Eindrückung nicht be­einträchtigt.The invention is based on the consideration that exposure of the brick perforation in the base of the recess forming the grip aid can be avoided if the jacket of the perforated brick is pressed inwards. As a result, the perforation only appears on the actual gripping surface, but in such a way that burrs and edges appearing there mainly protrude inwards. However, the bottom of the depression remains smooth and has no edges, corresponding to the outer surface of the jacket. It has advantageously been shown that a bulge of material normally observed in the production of indentations on plastic bodies does not take place in the vicinity of the indentation. Because the perforation of the brick is able to accommodate the inwardly pressed casing material to the extent necessary for the proper formation of the recess. The outer shape of the perforated brick is therefore not affected by the indentation.

Die Vorrichtung zur Ausbildung der Griffhilfe weist einen im wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Seitenfläche des Lochziegels bewegbaren Druckstempel auf, der einen in die Seitenfläche in deren noch plastischem Zustand eindrückbaren, die Form der Griffhilfe bestimmenden Formkörper trägt.The device for forming the grip aid has a pressure plunger which can be moved essentially perpendicularly to the side surface of the perforated brick and which carries a shaped body which can be pressed into the side surface in its still plastic state and which determines the shape of the grip aid.

Die Betätigung des Druckstempels zur Erzeugung von Form und Grösse der Vertiefung bedarf keiner steuerungs­ mässigen Abstimmung auf die Stranggeschwindigkeit, wie das bei der eingangs geschilderten Schneidvorrichtung der Fall ist. Vielmehr bestimmt sich die Form und Grösse der Vertiefung aus­schließlich nach dem an dem Druckstempel befestigten Form­körper und dessen Eindrücktiefe. Die Eindrückung kann des­halb grundsätzlich zu einem beliebigen Zeitpunkt nach dem Auspressen des Stranges und sogar noch nach dem Ablängen des Stranges zu einzelnen Lochziegeln stattfinden. Zweckmässig ist es jedoch, den Druckstempel an einer Ablängvorrichtung anzuordnen, die den aus einer Strangpresse austretenden Strang taktweise gesteuert zu Lochziegeln ablängt, und dabei den Druckstempel durch eine Schaltung im Takt der Abläng­vorrichtung gesteuert zu bestätigen.The actuation of the pressure stamp to create the shape and size of the recess does not require any control moderate adjustment to the strand speed, as is the case with the cutting device described above. Rather, the shape and size of the depression is determined exclusively by the molded body attached to the pressure stamp and its depth of indentation. The indentation can therefore always take place at any time after the strand has been pressed out and even after the strand has been cut into individual perforated bricks. However, it is expedient to arrange the pressure stamp on a cutting device which cuts the strand emerging from an extrusion press in a controlled manner to form perforated bricks, and to confirm the printing stamp in a controlled manner by a circuit in time with the cutting device.

Vorteilhafterweise ist der Formkörper keilförmig ausgebildet und weist eine senkrecht zur Seitenfläche des Lochziegels gerichtete erste Keilfläche sowie eine im Winkel dazu ge­richtete zweite Keilfläche auf, die eine parallel zur Seitenfläche verlaufende Kante bilden. Die senkrecht zur Seitenfläche des Lochziegels stehende Keilfläche dient zur Ausbildung der eigentlichen Griffläche, die von den Fingern unterfasst werden kann. Die dazu geneigte zweite Keilfläche ist diejenige, die den Mantel des Lochziegels anschließend an die Griffläche nach innen drückt, ohne ihn zu beschädigen. Aufgrund der Keilform läuft der Grund der Eindrückung gleichmässig in die Seitenfläche des Loch­ziegels aus.The molded body is advantageously wedge-shaped and has a first wedge surface directed perpendicular to the side surface of the perforated brick and a second wedge surface oriented at an angle thereto, which form an edge running parallel to the side surface. The wedge surface perpendicular to the side surface of the perforated brick serves to form the actual gripping surface, which can be gripped by the fingers. The inclined second wedge surface is the one that then presses the jacket of the perforated brick inwards against the grip surface without damaging it. Due to the wedge shape, the bottom of the indentation runs evenly into the side surface of the perforated brick.

Die von den beiden Keilflächen gebildete Schneidkante kann durch ein Messer gebildet sein, das an der ersten Keil­fläche des Formkörpers anliegt und auch über die von den beiden Keilflächen gebildete Kante übersteht. Weiterhin ist nach einer besonders vorteilhaften Ausführungsform vorgesehen, zwei Formkörper der geschilderten Art mit ihren zweiten Keilflächen einander zugewendet gemeinsam an dem Druckstempel anzuordnen, so daß eine zu ihrer Mittel­linie symmetrische Vertiefung erzeugt werden kann. Die Vertiefung liegt hierbei zweckmässigerweise auch symmetrisch zur Mittelebene des Lochziegels, so daß hierdurch eine Griffhilfe geschaffen ist, die ein Erfassen des Lochziegels von beiden Seiten ermöglicht.The cutting edge formed by the two wedge surfaces can be formed by a knife which rests on the first wedge surface of the shaped body and also projects beyond the edge formed by the two wedge surfaces. Furthermore, according to a particularly advantageous embodiment, it is provided that two shaped bodies of the type described with their second wedge surfaces facing one another jointly to be arranged on the pressure stamp so that a depression which is symmetrical with respect to its center line can be produced. The depression is expediently also symmetrical to the central plane of the perforated brick, so that a gripping aid is thereby created which enables the perforated brick to be gripped from both sides.

Weitere Vorteile und Merkmale der Erfindung ergeben sich aus der nachfolgenden Beschreibung eines bevorzugten Aus­führungsbeispiels anhand der beiliegenden Zeichnungen sowie aus weiteren Unteransprüchen. In den Zeichnungen zeigen:

  • Fig. 1 eine schematische Seitenansicht einer erfindungs­gemässen Vorrichtung in deren Zuordnung zu einem Lochziegel;
  • Fig. 2 eine Draufsicht, gesehen in Richtung der Pfeile II-II in Fig. 1 auf einen Druckstempel einschließlich Form­körper der Vorrichtung, und
  • Fig. 3 Seitenansicht eines erfindungsgemässen Lochziegels und Teilschnitt im Bereich der Griffhilfe des Loch­ziegels.
Further advantages and features of the invention result from the following description of a preferred exemplary embodiment with reference to the accompanying drawings and from further subclaims. The drawings show:
  • Figure 1 is a schematic side view of a device according to the invention in its assignment to a perforated brick.
  • Fig. 2 is a plan view, seen in the direction of arrows II-II in Fig. 1 on a pressure stamp including molded body of the device, and
  • Fig. 3 side view of a perforated brick according to the invention and partial section in the region of the gripping aid of the perforated brick.

Die Fig. 1 zeigt in strichpunktierter Darstellung den Quer­schnittsumriß eines Stranges 1, der aus einer nicht darge­stellten Strangpresse in Richtung senkrecht zur Zeichen­ebene ausgepresst wird. Dem Strang 1 ist eine nicht darge­stellte Ablängvorrichtung zugeordnet, die während des Preßtaktes synchron den Strang 1 begleitet und diesen zu einzelnen Lochziegeln ablängt. Eine nähere Erläuterung der Strangpresse und der dieser nachgeschalteten Abläng­vorrichtung ist an dieser Stelle nicht erforderlich, weil diese Einrichtungen allgemein bekannter Stand der Technik sind.Fig. 1 shows in dash-dotted lines the cross-sectional outline of a strand 1, which is pressed from an extruder, not shown, in the direction perpendicular to the plane of the drawing. The strand 1 is assigned a cutting device, not shown, which accompanies the strand 1 synchronously during the pressing cycle and cuts it to individual perforated bricks. A detailed explanation of the extrusion press and the cutting device connected downstream of it is not necessary at this point because these devices are generally known prior art.

An der - nicht gezeigten - Ablängvorrichtung ist ein U-förmiger Rahmen 2 aus Vierkantrohr befestigt, der - wie aus Fig. 1 ersichtlich ist - den Strang 1 von oben her übergreift, so daß seine beiden Schenkel 3 von den Seitenflächen 4 des Stranges 1 etwa gleichen Abstand haben. An jedem Schenkel 3 ist höhenverstellbar ein im Ganzen mit 5 bezeichneter Druckstempel befestigt, der im wesentlichen aus einem pneumatischen Zylinder 6 und einer am freien Ende der Kolbenstange befestigten Stempelplatte 7 besteht. An der Stempelplatte 7 ist ein im Ganzen mit 8 bezeichneter Formkörper durch eine Verschraubung austauschbar befestigt, der durch den pneumatischen Zylinder 6 relativ zur zugeordneten Seiten­fläche 4 des Stranges 1 vor- und zurückbewegt werden kann. Um zu verhindern, daß der Formkörper 8 sich um die Längsachse des Zylinders 6 verdrehen kann, ist die Kolbenstange des Zylinders 6 eine Doppel-Kolbenstange (siehe Fig. 2).On the - not shown - cutting device, a U-shaped frame 2 made of square tube is attached, which - as can be seen from Fig. 1 - overlaps the strand 1 from above, so that its two legs 3 from the side surfaces 4 of the strand 1 approximately have the same distance. On each leg 3, a pressure stamp, generally designated 5, is fastened in height and essentially consists of a pneumatic cylinder 6 and a stamp plate 7 attached to the free end of the piston rod. On the stamp plate 7, a molded body, designated overall by 8, is exchangeably fastened by a screw connection, which can be moved back and forth by the pneumatic cylinder 6 relative to the associated side face 4 of the strand 1. In order to prevent the molded body 8 from rotating about the longitudinal axis of the cylinder 6, the piston rod of the cylinder 6 is a double piston rod (see FIG. 2).

Der Druckstempel 5 ist an dem zugeordneten Schenkel 3 des Rahmens 2 über einen Winkel 9 befestigt, der durch lediglich angedeutete Schrauben an dem Schenkel 3 fest­geschraubt ist. Die Schrauben durchsetzen zwei nicht gezeigte Langlöcher in der an dem Schenkel 3 anliegenden Platte des Winkels 9, die so verlaufen, daß der gesamte Druckstempel 5 nach dem Lösen der Schrauben zum Strang 1 hin oder von diesem weg verstellt werden kann.The pressure stamp 5 is fastened to the associated leg 3 of the frame 2 via an angle 9, which is screwed onto the leg 3 by means of merely indicated screws. The screws pass through two oblong holes, not shown, in the plate of the angle 9 which bears against the leg 3 and which run in such a way that the entire pressure stamp 5 can be adjusted toward or away from the strand 1 after the screws have been loosened.

Der Formkörper 8 besteht, wie aus Fig. 2 hervorgeht, aus zwei Einzel-Formkörpern 81 von identischem Aufbau. Die Formkörper 81 besitzen angenähert Keilform, wobei eine erste Keilfläche 82 senkrecht zur Seitenfläche 4 des Stranges 1 gerichtet ist, während die zweite Keilfläche 83, die tatsächlich eine zylindrisch konvex gekrümmte Fläche ist, dazu unter einem Winkel verläuft. An der ersten Keilfläche 82 ist ein an seiner Schneidkante mit einer Zahnung 84 versehenes Messer 85 plan befestigt, das über die von den Keilflächen 82 und 83 gebildete Kante hinausragt (Fig. 2). Die beiden Einzel-Formkörper 81 liegen mit ihren zylindrischen Keilflächen 83 zueinandergewendet und bilden auf diese Weise einen zur Mittelachse des Druckstempels 5 symmetrischen Doppel-Formkörper.As is apparent from FIG. 2, the molded body 8 consists of two individual molded bodies 81 of identical construction. The shaped bodies 81 have an approximately wedge shape, a first wedge surface 82 being directed perpendicular to the side surface 4 of the strand 1, while the second wedge surface 83, which is actually a cylindrically convex curved surface, extends at an angle to it. At the The first wedge surface 82 has a knife 85 provided with teeth 84 on its cutting edge, which protrudes beyond the edge formed by the wedge surfaces 82 and 83 (FIG. 2). The two single shaped bodies 81 face each other with their cylindrical wedge surfaces 83 and in this way form a double shaped body symmetrical to the central axis of the pressure ram 5.

An dem querverlaufenden Steg des Rahmens 2 sind zwei Magnet­ventile 12 befestigt, die über entsprechende Zu- bzw. Ableit­ungen 13,14, die in Fig. 1 nur angedeutet sind, mit den Pneumatikzylindern 6 in Verbindung stehen. Die Magnetventile 12 sind, ohne daß dies näher dargestellt ist, durch die Taktsteuerung der Ablängvorrichtung gesteuert und geben jeweils gleichzeitig den Zustrom bzw. Abstrom von Druck­luft zu bzw. von den Pneumatikzylindern 6 frei.On the transverse web of the frame 2, two solenoid valves 12 are fastened, which are connected to the pneumatic cylinders 6 via corresponding supply and discharge lines 13, 14, which are only indicated in FIG. 1. The solenoid valves 12, without being shown in more detail, are controlled by the clock control of the cutting device and in each case simultaneously release the inflow or outflow of compressed air to or from the pneumatic cylinders 6.

Die Wirkungsweise der erfindungsgemässen Vorrichtung ist folgende:The operation of the device according to the invention is as follows:

Zunächst werden in Abhängigkeit von der Querschnittsgrösse des Stranges 1 geeignet bemessene Formkörper 8 ausgewählt und an den Stempelplatten 7 der Druckstempel 5 festge­schraubt. Daraufhin werden die Druckstempel 5 in einer solchen Höhenlage an den Schenkeln 3 des Rahmens 2 ver­schraubt, daß die Formkörper 8 weitgehend mittig in der in der Seitenfläche 4 des Stranges 1 ausgebildeten Mörtel­tasche 41 angeordnet sind. Noch vor dem endgültigen Fest­ziehen der Verschraubung wird dann die Eindringtiefe der Formkörper 8 in die Seitenfläche 4 durch Verstellung des Winkels 9 mittels der nicht gezeigten Langlöcher fest­gelegt und dann die Verschraubung endgültig fixiert.First, depending on the cross-sectional size of the strand 1, suitably dimensioned shaped bodies 8 are selected and the pressure stamp 5 is screwed onto the stamp plates 7. Then the plungers 5 are screwed to the legs 3 of the frame 2 in such a high position that the shaped bodies 8 are arranged largely centrally in the mortar pocket 41 formed in the side surface 4 of the strand 1. Before the screw connection is finally tightened, the depth of penetration of the shaped bodies 8 into the side surface 4 is then determined by adjusting the angle 9 by means of the elongated holes, not shown, and then the screw connection is finally fixed.

Mit jedem Presstakt der nicht gezeigten Strangpresse wird der Strang 1 um eine weiteres Stück aus dem Mundstück aus­ gepresst. Zugleich bewegt sich die nicht gezeigte Abläng­vorrichtung, an der der Rahmen 2 befestigt ist, mit dem Strang 1 mit, so daß jeweils ein Lochziegel von dem Strang 1 abgelängt wird. Die Steuerung der Druckstempel 5 erfolgt durch die Steuerung der Ablängvorrichtung in der Weise, daß zugleich mit der Mitbewegung der Ablängvorrichtung die Magnetventile 12 die Zufuhr von Druckluft zu den Pneumatikzylindern 6 öffnen, so daß durch die Kolben­stangen die Formkörper 8 ausgefahren werden und um das vorbestimmte Maß in die Seitenfläche 4 des noch plastischen Stranges eindringen. Aufgrund der schmalen und gezahnten Schneidkante 84 jedes Messers 85 entsteht in jeder Seiten­fläche 4 ein Paar von Grifflächen 20 (Fig. 3), die jeweils senkrecht zur Seitenfläche 4 einspringen. Durch die einander zugewendeten Keilflächen 83 der beiden Einzel-Formkörper 81 wird nach einem gewissen Eindringen des Messers 85 der Mantel des Stranges nach innen gedrückt, wobei das verdrängte Material örtlich in die im Steininneren be­findliche Lochung ausweichen kann. Außerdem entsteht, wie aus der rechten Darstellung in Fig. 3 hervorgeht, in der Mitte der so gebildeten Eindrückung 21 ein mehr oder weniger grosser Wulst 22, der durch eine teilweise Verdrängung des Materials zwischen die einander zuge­wendeten Keilflächen 83 der Formkörper 81 gebildet wird.With each pressing cycle of the extrusion press, not shown, the strand 1 is removed from the mouthpiece by a further piece pressed. At the same time, the cutting device, not shown, to which the frame 2 is fastened, moves with the strand 1, so that a perforated brick is cut to length from the strand 1. The control of the plunger 5 is carried out by controlling the cutting device in such a way that the solenoid valves 12 open the supply of compressed air to the pneumatic cylinders 6 at the same time as the cutting device moves, so that the shaped bodies 8 are extended by the piston rods and by the predetermined amount penetrate into the side surface 4 of the still plastic strand. Due to the narrow and toothed cutting edge 84 of each knife 85, a pair of gripping surfaces 20 (FIG. 3) is created in each side surface 4, each of which protrudes perpendicular to the side surface 4. The wedge surfaces 83 of the two individual shaped bodies 81 facing one another push the sheath of the strand inwards after a certain penetration of the knife 85, the displaced material being able to locally escape into the perforation located in the interior of the stone. In addition, as can be seen from the right-hand illustration in FIG. 3, a more or less large bead 22 is formed in the center of the indentation 21 formed in this way, which bead is formed by a partial displacement of the material between the wedge surfaces 83 of the molded bodies 81 facing one another.

Claims (13)

1. Im Strangpreßverfahren hergestellter Lochziegel, insbesondere Ton-Leichtziegel, mit einer eine Griff­hilfe bildenden Vertiefung in mindestens einer Seiten­fläche des Lochziegels,
dadurch gekennzeichnet,
daß die Vertiefung eine Eindrückung (21) ist.1. Perforated brick produced in the extrusion process, in particular clay light brick, with a recess forming a grip aid in at least one side surface of the perforated brick,
characterized,
that the depression is an indentation (21). 2. Lochziegel nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Vertiefung symmetrisch zu der zwischen den Lochflächen liegenden Mittelebene des Lochziegels angeordnet ist und zu dieser Mittelebene symmetrisch liegende Grifflächen (20) aufweist.2. Perforated brick according to claim 1, characterized in that the recess is arranged symmetrically to the central plane of the perforated brick lying between the perforated surfaces and has gripping surfaces (20) lying symmetrically to this central plane. 3. Vorrichtung zur Ausbildung einer Griffhilfe nach Anspruch 1 oder 2 in einer Seitenfläche eines im Strangpreßverfahren hergestellten Lochziegels, gekennzeichnet durch einen im wesentlichen senkrecht zu der Seitenfläche (4) des Lochziegels (1) bewegbaren Druckstempel (5), der einen in die Seitenfläche (4) in deren noch plastischem Zustand eindrückbaren, die Form der Griffhilfe bestimmenden Formkörper (8) trägt.3. Apparatus for forming a gripping aid according to claim 1 or 2 in a side surface of an extruded brick produced by the extrusion process, characterized by a pressure ram (5) which can be moved essentially perpendicularly to the side surface (4) of the perforated brick (1) and which has a into the side surface ( 4) in their still plastic state which can be pressed in and which determines the shape of the grip aid. 4. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Druckstempel (5) an einem den Lochziegel (1) an dessen gegenüberliegenden Seitenflächen (4) über­greifenden Rahmen (2) angeordnet ist.4. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the pressure stamp (5) on a perforated brick (1) on its opposite side surfaces (4) overlapping frame (2) is arranged. 5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß an dem Rahmen (2) zwei den Seitenflächen (4) jeweils zugeordnete, gegenläufig bewegbare Druck­stempel (5) angeordnet sind.5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that on the frame (2) two the side surfaces (4) respectively assigned, oppositely movable pressure stamp (5) are arranged. 6. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4 oder 5, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß jeder Druckstempel (5) verstellbar an dem Rahmen (2) befestigt ist.6. The device according to claim 4 or 5, characterized in that each pressure stamp (5) is adjustably attached to the frame (2). 7. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Formkörper (81) keilförmig ist und eine senkrecht zur Seitenfläche (4) des Loch­ziegels gerichtete erste Keilfläche (82) sowie eine im Winkel zur Seitenfläche (4) gerichtete zweite Keil­fläche (83) aufweist, die eine parallel zur Seiten­fläche (4) verlaufende Kante bilden.7. Device according to one of claims 3 to 6, characterized in that the shaped body (81) is wedge-shaped and a perpendicular to the side surface (4) of the perforated brick first wedge surface (82) and an angle to the side surface (4) directed second wedge surface (83), which form an edge running parallel to the side surface (4). 8. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Keilfläche (83) eine konvex gekrümmte Zylinderfläche ist.8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that the second wedge surface (83) is a convexly curved cylinder surface. 9. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 7 oder 8, dadurch gekenn­zeichnet, daß der Formkörper (81) mit einem an seiner ersten Keilfläche (82) anliegenden und über die Kante überstehenden Messer (85) verbunden ist, das eine Schneidkante (84) aufweist.9. The device according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the shaped body (81) with a on its first wedge surface (82) and above the edge protruding knife (85) is connected, which has a cutting edge (84). 10. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 7 bis 9, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß zwei Formkörper (81) mit ihren zweiten Keilflächen (83) einander zugewendet gemein­sam an dem Druckstempel (5) befestigt sind.10. Device according to one of claims 7 to 9, characterized in that two shaped bodies (81) with their second wedge surfaces (83) facing each other are attached together to the pressure stamp (5). 11. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 10, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der bzw. die Formkörper (8, 81) aus­tauschbar an dem Druckstempel (5) befestigt sind.11. The device according to one of claims 3 to 10, characterized in that the or the shaped body (8, 81) are exchangeably attached to the pressure stamp (5). 12. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 3 bis 11, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß jeder Druckstempel (5) einen Pneumatikzylinder (6) aufweist.12. Device according to one of claims 3 to 11, characterized in that each pressure stamp (5) has a pneumatic cylinder (6). 13. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 5 bis 12, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der die Druckstempel (5) tragende Rahmen (2) an einer Ablängvorrichtung befestigt ist, die den aus einer Strangpresse austretenden Strang (1) taktweise gesteuert zu Lochziegeln ablängt, und daß die Druckstempel (5) durch eine Schaltung (12, 13, 14) im Takt der Ablängvorrichtung gesteuert bestätigbar sind.13. The device according to one of claims 5 to 12, characterized in that the pressure stamp (5) supporting frame (2) is attached to a cutting device which cuts the strand (1) emerging from an extruder in a controlled manner to cut bricks, and in that the pressure stamp (5) can be confirmed by a circuit (12, 13, 14) controlled in time with the cutting device.
EP87118556A 1987-01-10 1987-12-15 Hollow blocks with gripping aids, and apparatus for making them Withdrawn EP0276447A1 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE8700438U 1987-01-10
DE8700438U DE8700438U1 (en) 1987-01-10 1987-01-10 Perforated brick with grip aid

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0276447A1 true EP0276447A1 (en) 1988-08-03

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Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL9201703A (en) * 1991-10-02 1993-05-03 Hebel Ag DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING SAVINGS, IN PARTICULAR GRIP OPENINGS, IN STONES OF POROUS CONCRETE.
EP0578938A1 (en) * 1992-07-17 1994-01-19 Erlus Baustoffwerke AG Cutting device on an extruder for making hollow blocks
DE19715950A1 (en) * 1997-04-16 1998-10-29 Bauer Ernst & Sohn Gmbh Co Kg Stone with handle pockets and method and device for its production

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE8813600U1 (en) * 1988-10-29 1988-12-15 Hebel GmbH Holding, 8089 Emmering Cuboid brick
DE4023007A1 (en) * 1990-07-19 1992-01-23 Unipor Ziegel Marketing Gmbh DEVICE AND METHOD FOR PRODUCING A BRICK
FR3042145B1 (en) * 2015-10-09 2018-03-16 Wienerberger BILATERAL PUNCHING DEVICE FOR BUILDING ELEMENT

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FR2310202A2 (en) * 1975-05-09 1976-12-03 Schaeffer Successeurs Sarl Ets Mfg. insulated construction element - by attaching insulating plate to brick using rapid setting adhesive
US4137288A (en) * 1973-08-17 1979-01-30 Lingl Corporation Apparatus for the production of ceramic plates with ornamental shapes
DE3541280A1 (en) * 1985-06-21 1987-01-02 Erlus Baustoffwerke Wall block with gripping aid and extrusion process and unit for producing the same

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4137288A (en) * 1973-08-17 1979-01-30 Lingl Corporation Apparatus for the production of ceramic plates with ornamental shapes
FR2310202A2 (en) * 1975-05-09 1976-12-03 Schaeffer Successeurs Sarl Ets Mfg. insulated construction element - by attaching insulating plate to brick using rapid setting adhesive
DE3541280A1 (en) * 1985-06-21 1987-01-02 Erlus Baustoffwerke Wall block with gripping aid and extrusion process and unit for producing the same

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NL9201703A (en) * 1991-10-02 1993-05-03 Hebel Ag DEVICE FOR MANUFACTURING SAVINGS, IN PARTICULAR GRIP OPENINGS, IN STONES OF POROUS CONCRETE.
EP0578938A1 (en) * 1992-07-17 1994-01-19 Erlus Baustoffwerke AG Cutting device on an extruder for making hollow blocks
DE19715950A1 (en) * 1997-04-16 1998-10-29 Bauer Ernst & Sohn Gmbh Co Kg Stone with handle pockets and method and device for its production
DE19715950C2 (en) * 1997-04-16 2000-10-26 Bauer Ernst & Sohn Gmbh Co Kg Device and method for producing a stone and stone which can be produced therewith

Also Published As

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