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EP0275776B1 - Kontrollgerät für die Überhitzung und Verkalkung eines Flüssigkeitserhitzers und Gerät, versehen mit einem solchen Kontrollgerät - Google Patents

Kontrollgerät für die Überhitzung und Verkalkung eines Flüssigkeitserhitzers und Gerät, versehen mit einem solchen Kontrollgerät Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0275776B1
EP0275776B1 EP87402942A EP87402942A EP0275776B1 EP 0275776 B1 EP0275776 B1 EP 0275776B1 EP 87402942 A EP87402942 A EP 87402942A EP 87402942 A EP87402942 A EP 87402942A EP 0275776 B1 EP0275776 B1 EP 0275776B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
pipe
exchanger
fluid
water
pressure
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87402942A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0275776A1 (de
Inventor
Fernand Lauro
Christophe Marvillet
Patrick Mayoussier
Michel Amandjules
Jean-Michel Porcher
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Chaffoteaux et Maury SAS
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives CEA
Original Assignee
Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Chaffoteaux et Maury SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA, Chaffoteaux et Maury SAS filed Critical Commissariat a lEnergie Atomique CEA
Priority to AT87402942T priority Critical patent/ATE60883T1/de
Publication of EP0275776A1 publication Critical patent/EP0275776A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0275776B1 publication Critical patent/EP0275776B1/de
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N1/00—Regulating fuel supply
    • F23N1/08—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water
    • F23N1/087—Regulating fuel supply conjointly with another medium, e.g. boiler water using mechanical means
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H1/00—Water heaters, e.g. boilers, continuous-flow heaters or water-storage heaters
    • F24H1/10—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium
    • F24H1/12—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium
    • F24H1/124—Continuous-flow heaters, i.e. heaters in which heat is generated only while the water is flowing, e.g. with direct contact of the water with the heating medium in which the water is kept separate from the heating medium using fluid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F24—HEATING; RANGES; VENTILATING
    • F24H—FLUID HEATERS, e.g. WATER OR AIR HEATERS, HAVING HEAT-GENERATING MEANS, e.g. HEAT PUMPS, IN GENERAL
    • F24H9/00—Details
    • F24H9/20—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices
    • F24H9/2007—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters
    • F24H9/2035—Arrangement or mounting of control or safety devices for water heaters using fluid fuel
    • F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
    • F23—COMBUSTION APPARATUS; COMBUSTION PROCESSES
    • F23N—REGULATING OR CONTROLLING COMBUSTION
    • F23N2241/00—Applications
    • F23N2241/04—Heating water

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a device for controlling overheating and scaling for a fluid heating apparatus, serving essentially for the attenuation of overheating and scaling.
  • the invention finds a particularly advantageous application in the case where this heating device is a domestic water heater or a gas boiler.
  • FIG. 1 shows, seen in perspective, a domestic water heater of a type currently used called "wet room” water heater.
  • This water heater bearing the general reference 10, essentially consists of a metal tank 12, for example made of copper, arranged vertically and open at its lower and upper ends, thus defining a combustion chamber.
  • a set of gas burners 14 is located under the tank and the burnt gases circulate from bottom to top inside the latter.
  • the cold water arrives via a supply pipe 16 and then circulates along a coil 18 placed against the wall of the tank 12, but outside of the latter.
  • the water therefore begins to heat by circulating in the coil 18, then arrives in an exchanger tube 20 placed at the top of the tank, in the zone through which the burnt gases exit.
  • the water which has been preheated in the coil 18 is heated to the desired temperature in the exchanger 20.
  • the hot water then returns to the user devices via a line 22.
  • a new type of water heater such as the water heater 11 illustrated in FIG. 2 and called a "dry chamber" water heater.
  • a metal tank 12 placed vertically and open at its lower and upper ends, as well as a set of gas burners 14 at the lower part of the tank.
  • the device illustrated in FIG. 2 has the advantage of having a simpler device design, and therefore a lower mounting cost, and it allows material to be saved. causes the coil 18 to be removed.
  • a heat exchanger is used to slightly cool the water leaving the heating body of a water heater while preheating the cold water which reaches the heating element, in order to avoid overheating during two successive draws.
  • the object of the present invention is to remedy these drawbacks by proposing a device for controlling overheating and scaling for a device for heating a fluid such as a water heater, a bath heater, a gas, etc.
  • the device for controlling overheating and scaling which is the subject of the invention, it comprises an enclosure of variable volume which can communicate with a cold fluid inlet pipe from the heating appliance, this enclosure being at least partially limited by a displaceable element having a first face subjected to the pressure prevailing in the cold fluid inlet pipe, and a second face subjected to a reference pressure, said element being displaceable under the effect of the pressure difference between its two faces.
  • the movable element can be constituted either by a deformable membrane, or by a piston movable inside a housing.
  • part of the cold fluid inlet pipe can be made of a flexible material, this material itself constituting the deformable membrane: in this case, the considered part of the cold fluid inlet pipe constitutes the enclosure of variable volume.
  • the second face of the displaceable element is subjected to the pressure prevailing in the hot fluid starting pipe.
  • the second face of the displaceable element is subjected to atmospheric pressure.
  • the invention also relates to a fluid heating device equipped with a device for controlling overheating and scaling as mentioned above.
  • FIG. 1 is a schematic perspective view of a first type of water heater according to the prior art
  • FIG. 2 is a view similar to FIG. 1 illustrating a second type of water heater of the prior art
  • FIGS. 3a and 3b are simplified diagrams illustrating the operation of a device according to the invention, in the case where the movable element is a deformable membrane, and where the second face thereof is subjected to the prevailing pressure in the hot fluid flow line,
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic view similar to the FIG. 3a in the case where the second face of the deformable membrane is subjected to atmospheric pressure
  • FIG. 5 is a schematic view illustrating the device of the invention in the case where part of the cold fluid inlet pipe is made of a flexible material
  • FIG. 6 is a view similar to Figure 5, illustrating the case where the movable member is a movable piston inside a housing.
  • the device for controlling overheating and scaling comprises a housing 28 inside which there is a deformable membrane 30 fixed in leaktight manner to the walls of this housing.
  • This membrane separates the housing into a first compartment 32 communicating with the pipe 16 by a tube 34, and a second compartment 36 communicating with the hot water starting pipe 22 by a pipe 38.
  • the latter opens into the pipe 22 upstream of valve 26 with respect to the direction of flow of water during operation of the device.
  • FIG. 3a corresponds to the case where the valve 26 is open and where the water circulates from line 16 to line 22 through the exchanger 20. Because the water is in motion, there is a loss of pressure between the point where the tube 34 opens into the line 16 and the point where the tube 38 opens into the line 22. The pressure is therefore higher in the line 16 than in the line 22. It follows that the pressure is more stronger in compartment 32 of housing 28 than in compartment 36 and, consequently, the membrane 30 is displaced to the right looking at Figure 3a.
  • Figure 3b corresponds to the case where the valve 26 is closed.
  • the pressure is the same in the pipes 16 and 22, as well as in the exchanger 20.
  • the pressures on either side of the membrane 30 are equal.
  • a spring 40 mounted so as to push the membrane 30 to the left, looking at FIGS. 3a and 3b, that is to say against the pressure prevailing in the compartment 32, when the valve 26 is closed, the spring 40 expands and pushes the membrane 30 to the left, looking at the figures.
  • the water contained in the compartment 32 which is cold water, is pushed into the exchanger 20 and the hot water contained in the latter is expelled through the pipe 22 and the tube 38 into the compartment 36.
  • the latter has seen its volume increase by the deformation of the membrane 30 and can therefore accommodate this body of water.
  • the hot water contained in the exchanger tube 20 is replaced by cold water. Therefore, even if the walls of the combustion chamber are still hot, the temperature rise of the fluid contained in the exchanger 20 is limited and, when the heater is next started, there is no risk to have an excessive temperature rise.
  • the dimensions of the housing 28, as well as the shape and deformation characteristics of the membrane 30 and the force of the spring 40 are determined so that the volume of water contained in the compartment 32 in the situation of FIG. 3a is substantially equal to the volume of water contained in the exchanger 20.
  • Figure 4 is a view similar to Figure 3a but, in this variant, the pipe 22 for starting hot water is not equipped with a valve such as the valve 26: it is in direct communication with the atmosphere .
  • the pipe 16 which is equipped with a valve 42 upstream of the point where the tube 34 opens.
  • the box 28 of FIG. 4 is similar to that of FIG. 3a.
  • the pipe 38 is eliminated and the compartment 36 is in direct communication with the atmosphere, for example by means of a nozzle 43.
  • FIG. 4 corresponds to the case where the device is in operation, that is that is to say that the valve 42 is open and the water circulates from the pipe 16 to the pipe 22.
  • the water pressure in the pipe 16, and therefore in the compartment 32 is higher the pressure of the water at the outlet orifice 23 of the pipe 22, which is equal to atmospheric pressure.
  • the membrane 30 is therefore pushed to the right when looking at the figure.
  • the valve 42 When the valve 42 is closed, the pressure is the same in the pipe 16 downstream of the valve 42, as well as in the exchanger 20 and the pipe 22 and it is equal to atmospheric pressure.
  • the spring 40 therefore pushes the membrane 30 to the left while looking at FIG. 4, which has the effect of driving out the cold water contained in the compartment 32 in the exchanger 20, while the hot water contained in the latter is hunted outside.
  • FIG 5 there is shown schematically in broken lines and in perspective a water heater similar to that of Figure 2 with the tank 12 and the burners 14 supplied by a pipe 15.
  • part 44 of the pipe 16 is made of a flexible material and constitutes a deformable membrane which can deform under the effect of pressure differences between its first face or internal face, which is in contact with cold water, and its second face or external face.
  • the housing 28 surrounds the part 44 of the pipe 16 and it is fixed in leaktight manner to the latter.
  • FIG. 6 is a view similar to FIG. 5, but, in this variant, the displaceable element consists of a piston 46 movable inside the housing 28.
  • the line shows the tank 12, the burners 14 and the gas inlet pipe 15.
  • the pipe 16 for cold water inlet There are also the pipe 16 for cold water inlet, the exchanger tube 20 and the pipe 22 for hot water departure fitted with a valve 26
  • the case 28 is again found, but the deformable membrane is replaced by a piston 46 which is mobile inside this case.
  • the spring 40 placed in compartment 36 and arranged so as to push the piston to the right, looking at Figure 6.
  • This figure corresponds to the case where the valve 26 is open and therefore where the water circulates from the pipe 16 to the pipe 22 through the exchanger 20.
  • the pressure in the pipe 16, and therefore in the compartment 32 is greater than the pressure prevailing in the line 22 and therefore in the compartment 36.
  • the spring 40 being suitably calibrated, the piston 46 moves to the left, looking at FIG. 6.
  • FIG. 6 also shows a diaphragm 48 placed on the tube 34, this diaphragm being intended to control the flow of cold water.
  • a device was produced in accordance with that of FIG. 6 mounted on a water heater with a nominal power of 8.7 kW.
  • the housing 28 was a cylindrical housing 150 mm long and 25 mm in diameter, the piston having a length of 15 mm.
  • the spring used had a stiffness of 15 newtons per meter (N / m).
  • the superheat measured on the device not equipped with the attenuation device according to the invention was 31.5 ° C. while with the device of the invention, the maximum superheat was only 13 ° C.
  • the device which is the subject of the invention has particularly advantageous advantages, the main one of which is to reduce the rise in temperature observed when the heating appliance is started up.
  • the temperature of the water contained in the exchanger is lower, this results in a reduction of the scale deposit in the exchanger, and therefore an increased reliability and a longer service life of the device.
  • a diaphragm such as the diaphragm 48 of FIG. 6 mounted on the tube 34.
  • This same tube 34 can open into the pipe 16 at any point thereof upstream of the exchanger 20, provided however, in cases similar to that of FIG. 4 where the pipe 22 communicates directly with the atmosphere, that it opens downstream of the valve 42.
  • the tube 38 it can lead into the pipe 22 at any point downstream of the exchanger 20, provided however that this point is located upstream of the valve 26 in the case where the hot water starting pipe is equipped with such a valve.
  • the cold water inlet pipe 16 is equipped with a pressure-reducing device (not shown in the drawings), used to control the supply of combustible gas.
  • the tube 34 can open into the pipe 16 both upstream and downstream of this pressure reducing device.
  • the enclosure of variable volume is constituted by the first compartment of a housing fitted with either a deformable membrane or a movable piston.
  • the second compartment can be placed in communication either with the hot fluid flow pipe, or with the atmosphere.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Thermal Sciences (AREA)
  • Instantaneous Water Boilers, Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses, And Control Of Portable Hot-Water Supply Apparatuses (AREA)
  • Control Of Combustion (AREA)
  • Resistance Heating (AREA)
  • Heat-Exchange Devices With Radiators And Conduit Assemblies (AREA)
  • Control Of Temperature (AREA)
  • Separation Using Semi-Permeable Membranes (AREA)
  • Physical Or Chemical Processes And Apparatus (AREA)
  • Buildings Adapted To Withstand Abnormal External Influences (AREA)
  • Photographic Processing Devices Using Wet Methods (AREA)
  • Catching Or Destruction (AREA)
  • Tunnel Furnaces (AREA)
  • Yarns And Mechanical Finishing Of Yarns Or Ropes (AREA)
  • Details Of Fluid Heaters (AREA)

Claims (9)

  1. Vorrichtung zur Kontrolle der Überhitzung und der Verkalkung für einen Flüssigkeitserhitzer, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß diese Vorrichtung eine Hülle (32) mit variablem Volumen umfaßt, die mit einer Zuführleitung für kalte Flüssigkeit des Flüssigkeitserhitzers in Verbindung stehen kann, wobei diese Hülle (32) wenigstens teilweise von einem beweglichen Element (30) begrenzt wird, das eine erste Seite, die dem in der Zuführleitung für kalte Flüssigkeit herrschenden Druck ausgesetzt ist, und eine zweite Seite besitzt, die einem Referenzdruck ausgesetzt ist, wobei das Element (30) unter der Einwirkung des Druckunterschieds zwischen seinen beiden Seiten beweglich ist.
  2. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das bewegliche Element eine verformbare Membran (30) ist.
  3. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das bewegliche Element ein im Innern eines Gehäuses (28) beweglicher Kolben (46) ist.
  4. Vorrichtung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie außerdem Vorrichtungen zu einem solcher Art gearteten Bewegen des beweglichen Elements (30) umfaßt, daß das Volumen der Hülle (32) mit variablem Volumen verringert wird.
  5. Vorrichtung nach Anspruch 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Bewegungsvorrichtungen eine Feder (40) umfassen, von der ein erstes Ende an dem beweglichen Element (30) und ein zweites Ende an einem Element befestigt ist, das selbst fest bezüglich dem Rest des Geräts ist.
  6. Flüssigkeitserhitzer mit:
    - einer Zuführleitung (16) für kalte Flüssigkeit,
    - einer Abführleitung (22) für warme Flüssigkeit,
    - einem Wärmetauscher (20), der auf der einen Seite mit der Zuführleitung (16) für kalte Flüssigkeit und auf der anderen Seite mit der Abführleitung (22) für warme Flüssigkeit in Verbindung steht, wobei die Flüssigkeit, wenn das Gerät arbeitet, von der Zuführleitung (16) zur Abführleitung (22) durch den Wärmetauscher (20) fließt, und
    - Vorrichtungen (14) zum Erwärmen der sich im Wärmetauscher (20) befindlichen Flüssigkeit, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß er mit einer Vorrichtung zur Kontrolle der Überhitzung und der Verkalkung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 5 versehen ist.
  7. Gerät nach Anspruch 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß ein Teil (44) der Zuführleitung (16) für kalte Flüssigkeit aus einem elastischen Material besteht und eine verformbare Membran bildet, wobei dieser Teil (44) der Zuführleitung die Hülle (32) mit variablem Volumen bildet.
  8. Gerät nach einem der Ansprüche 6 und 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die zweite Seite des beweglichen Elements dem in der Abführleitung (22) für warme Flüssigkeit herrschenden Druck unterworfen ist.
  9. Gerät nach einem der vorhergehenden Ansprüche, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abführleitung (22) für warme Flüssigkeit in direkter Verbindung mit der Atmosphäre steht, wobei die zweite Seite des beweglichen Elements (30) dem atmosphärischen Druck ausgesetzt wird.
EP87402942A 1986-12-24 1987-12-21 Kontrollgerät für die Überhitzung und Verkalkung eines Flüssigkeitserhitzers und Gerät, versehen mit einem solchen Kontrollgerät Expired - Lifetime EP0275776B1 (de)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87402942T ATE60883T1 (de) 1986-12-24 1987-12-21 Kontrollgeraet fuer die ueberhitzung und verkalkung eines fluessigkeitserhitzers und geraet, versehen mit einem solchen kontrollgeraet.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8618169A FR2609162B1 (fr) 1986-12-24 1986-12-24 Dispositif de controle de la surchauffe et de l'entartrage pour un appareil de chauffage d'un fluide et appareil equipe d'un tel dispositif
FR8618169 1986-12-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0275776A1 EP0275776A1 (de) 1988-07-27
EP0275776B1 true EP0275776B1 (de) 1991-02-13

Family

ID=9342292

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87402942A Expired - Lifetime EP0275776B1 (de) 1986-12-24 1987-12-21 Kontrollgerät für die Überhitzung und Verkalkung eines Flüssigkeitserhitzers und Gerät, versehen mit einem solchen Kontrollgerät

Country Status (18)

Country Link
US (1) US4850427A (de)
EP (1) EP0275776B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS63169442A (de)
KR (1) KR950012158B1 (de)
CN (1) CN1006660B (de)
AT (1) ATE60883T1 (de)
AU (1) AU600324B2 (de)
BR (1) BR8707038A (de)
CA (1) CA1320667C (de)
DE (1) DE3768028D1 (de)
ES (1) ES2021743B3 (de)
FR (1) FR2609162B1 (de)
GR (1) GR3001688T3 (de)
MA (1) MA21138A1 (de)
PT (1) PT86429B (de)
TN (1) TNSN87143A1 (de)
TR (1) TR23066A (de)
ZA (1) ZA879374B (de)

Cited By (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105587896A (zh) * 2016-03-28 2016-05-18 哈尔滨斯芙特净水科技有限公司 一种热水器冲洗排污阀

Families Citing this family (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DK9200251U3 (da) * 1992-11-12 1992-12-28 Hans Ole Wandt Green Hope Tech GHT Rec. unit. Recirkulation og kølig af kølevand
FR2772466B1 (fr) * 1997-12-16 2000-02-18 Chaffoteaux Et Maury Generateur d'eau chaude a membrane double
FR2784174B1 (fr) * 1998-10-02 2000-12-15 Chaffoteaux Et Maury Dispositif de controle de la surchauffe d'un generateur d'eau chaude a membrane deplacable percee
CN100410594C (zh) * 2006-04-07 2008-08-13 艾欧史密斯(中国)热水器有限公司 节能型变容电热水器
US20120042687A1 (en) * 2010-08-23 2012-02-23 Showa Denko K.K. Evaporator with cool storage function
SG11201407701UA (en) 2012-05-25 2015-01-29 Tlv Co Ltd Hot water generator

Family Cites Families (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US2790606A (en) * 1953-09-04 1957-04-30 Warren Webster & Co Method for expelling air from a closed hot water system
FR1458528A (fr) * 1965-09-27 1966-03-04 Chaffoteaux Et Maury Perfectionnements aux installations de production d'eau chaude
US3349755A (en) * 1966-03-09 1967-10-31 Avy L Miller Recirculating flow water heater
DE2249691A1 (de) * 1972-10-11 1974-04-18 Georg Fischer Warmwasserbereiter mit ausdehnungsgefaess
AU524889B2 (en) * 1978-08-15 1982-10-07 Economic Energy Systems Investment N.V. Solar energy system

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105587896A (zh) * 2016-03-28 2016-05-18 哈尔滨斯芙特净水科技有限公司 一种热水器冲洗排污阀
CN105587896B (zh) * 2016-03-28 2017-10-24 哈尔滨斯芙特净水科技有限公司 一种热水器冲洗排污阀

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU600324B2 (en) 1990-08-09
JPS63169442A (ja) 1988-07-13
TR23066A (tr) 1989-02-21
FR2609162B1 (fr) 1989-06-30
DE3768028D1 (de) 1991-03-21
US4850427A (en) 1989-07-25
CN87101238A (zh) 1988-06-15
FR2609162A1 (fr) 1988-07-01
TNSN87143A1 (fr) 1990-01-01
KR880007982A (ko) 1988-08-30
KR950012158B1 (ko) 1995-10-14
ATE60883T1 (de) 1991-02-15
MA21138A1 (fr) 1988-07-01
ZA879374B (en) 1988-06-08
GR3001688T3 (en) 1992-11-23
BR8707038A (pt) 1988-08-02
PT86429B (pt) 1993-08-31
ES2021743B3 (es) 1991-11-16
CA1320667C (en) 1993-07-27
CN1006660B (zh) 1990-01-31
AU8252587A (en) 1988-06-30
EP0275776A1 (de) 1988-07-27
PT86429A (pt) 1989-01-17

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