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EP0258525B1 - Installation de drainage sous vide - Google Patents

Installation de drainage sous vide Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0258525B1
EP0258525B1 EP87104283A EP87104283A EP0258525B1 EP 0258525 B1 EP0258525 B1 EP 0258525B1 EP 87104283 A EP87104283 A EP 87104283A EP 87104283 A EP87104283 A EP 87104283A EP 0258525 B1 EP0258525 B1 EP 0258525B1
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vacuum
vacuum conduit
air
water
admitted
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87104283A
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German (de)
English (en)
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EP0258525A3 (en
EP0258525A2 (fr
Inventor
Harald Michael
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Individual
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Individual
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Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Priority to AT87104283T priority Critical patent/ATE53415T1/de
Publication of EP0258525A2 publication Critical patent/EP0258525A2/fr
Publication of EP0258525A3 publication Critical patent/EP0258525A3/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0258525B1 publication Critical patent/EP0258525B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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    • E—FIXED CONSTRUCTIONS
    • E03—WATER SUPPLY; SEWERAGE
    • E03F—SEWERS; CESSPOOLS
    • E03F1/00—Methods, systems, or installations for draining-off sewage or storm water
    • E03F1/006—Pneumatic sewage disposal systems; accessories specially adapted therefore

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a vacuum drainage system with one or more collecting tanks under vacuum and connected to it, alternatingly rising and laid vacuum lines, to which are connected to normal pressure connecting lines of the units to be dewatered via a suction valve, which opens automatically when a certain amount of wastewater of about 5 to 40 liters has accumulated in front of it, and with each opening process, together with the wastewater, allows air to enter the vacuum line, at least one ventilation opening on the vacuum line being controlled by a control device depending on the water level or pressure at a specific point on the vacuum line Vacuum line is arranged.
  • Such a vacuum drainage system is known from DE-A 26 37 962. It works on the principle of letting as little air as possible into the vacuum line during times of normal operation, and in quiet times when the air flowing in together with a portion of waste water when opening a suction valve is no longer sufficient to transport the water, i.e. in form long water columns remain in the pipe, through which the air only bubbles through, to open ventilation devices that let in a lot of air in a jerky manner. The ventilation devices remain open until the water columns in the vacuum line have at least been transported over the next slope or until the line is completely empty, which can result in opening times of more than 30 minutes.
  • the known device has not proven itself in practice because the condition conditions in the vacuum line are too different when the ventilation devices are closed or open. Since the intermittent intake of large amounts of air is an extreme measure, it is only used when the filling of the vacuum line with waste water has already reached an advanced stage in which the so-called simultaneity factor, i.e. H. a random coincidence of the opening processes of several suction valves could no longer help. However, the poor pressure conditions in the largely filled line do not change immediately even if the ventilation devices suddenly take in a lot of air.
  • the vacuum now collapses even more, there are malfunctions in the suction valves that are automatically operated with the system vacuum, and the vacuum pumps take a long time to process not only the accumulated water but also the water have sucked in any additional large amounts of air. If the ventilation devices are located in the middle area of vacuum lines, the vacuum reservoir in the outer line part also has an effect such that the suddenly flowing air drives the water in the wrong direction. Finally, the known drainage system also does not work particularly economically, since with long standing water columns that can only be accelerated slowly, a considerable part of the air entering through the ventilation devices and the house connections bubbles through without being able to contribute much to the acceleration or possibly even to the locomotion of the water columns.
  • the invention has for its object to provide a vacuum drainage system of the type mentioned, in which the wastewater volume is constantly delicately influenced, so that it prevents the formation of sluggish water columns from the outset and therefore does not interfere with the function, shock-like aeration actions.
  • the opening width of the ventilation opening can be regulated continuously or in several stages within a range in which air flows in such small quantities that it bubbles through water columns in the vacuum line.
  • the peculiarity of the invention namely the constantly changing opening width of the air inlet openings, offers the advantage that the air supply is regulated as required at every moment.
  • the ventilation openings close to the extent that sufficient normal air intake is provided as a result of the opening of several suction valves in different houses in order to remove the waste water and to keep the waste water volume in the vacuum line at a low value. If the frequency of the opening of the suction valves and thus the simultaneity factor decreases, the clear width of the controllable ventilation openings increases, so that more air flows into the vacuum line, which adds to the air flowing in via the house connections.
  • vacuum lines with higher gradients must be divided into several short, rising, and in-between sections of the line. Also on the level, vacuum lines are usually laid alternately with line sections rising and falling over a small height (see DE-A 26 41 110). If you have such vacuum drainage systems operates without the proposed proposed ventilation devices according to the invention, water columns extending from bottom to top are formed on many short slope sections of the vacuum lines, which can make up a total of more than 60% of the line cavity. If controllable aeration devices are now available according to the invention, the many short water columns in the vacuum line contain more or less dissolved air contained in the water in the form of bubbles.
  • the water columns then often have the same length and height as before because they cannot be longer than this in a short, rising pipe section, but they consist to a greater or lesser extent of air than water, are accordingly lighter and can be opened when they are opened of suction valves via the house connection lines, air entering suddenly due to their lower inert mass can be accelerated better.
  • the water volume replaced by air in the water columns is displaced into the collecting tank. As a result, there can be up to about 50% less water in the vacuum lines of a drainage system according to the invention than without the aforementioned controllable ventilation openings.
  • Another advantage of the new system compared to the prior art is that the pressure conditions in the vacuum lines are not subject to large fluctuations that are difficult to predict from the start and can lead to malfunctions. Larger vacuum pumps are also not required because of the additional air volume let in through the ventilation devices. In times of heavy wastewater, enough air is introduced through the house connection lines through frequent opening of the suction valves, so that the controllable ventilation openings can be completely or almost completely closed. The vacuum pumps therefore only need to be dimensioned in accordance with the waste water volume occurring at peak times and the associated air volume flowing in via the house connection lines.
  • the air volume can even be dimensioned smaller than in systems without a ventilation device according to the invention, and accordingly the vacuum pumps can also be dimensioned smaller in individual cases, because the system can also be used for trouble-free operation in quieter times, when the smaller amounts of air set on the suction valves would not be sufficient for trouble-free operation. works perfectly when the ventilation openings are open.
  • At least one ventilation device is arranged at the outer end of a vacuum line.
  • the air flowing in is then effective over the entire length of the line.
  • ventilation devices are arranged on a vacuum line between a larger number of connecting lines connected near a collecting tank and a smaller number of connecting lines further away from the collecting tank. In this way, in addition to the basic advantage described, it is achieved that the wastewater is not sucked backwards as a result of the vacuum reservoir in the outer line regions.
  • Further expedient places at which ventilation devices according to the invention can be arranged are located in the flow direction before problem sections of the vacuum line, for. B. in front of larger incline sections or z. B. culvert.
  • the adjusting device for changing the opening width of the ventilation opening consists of a diaphragm piston which can be acted upon by the negative pressure of the vacuum line and which, when the absolute pressure drops, acts as a valve element against one Return spring pulls into a position reducing the ventilation opening.
  • the line connection between the vacuum line and a cavity delimited by the membrane piston is expediently designed with a throttle point, so that in each case only a certain time elapses until a pressure change in the vacuum line communicates itself to the membrane piston. Short-term pressure changes, as they occur in particular when opening the suction valves on the house connection lines, therefore do not influence the regulation of the ventilation opening.
  • the opening width of the throttle point is preferably an adjustable. Another individual setting option in a preferred practical embodiment of the invention is that the length of a control rod between the membrane piston and the valve member is adjustable. This allows the largest opening width of the ventilation opening to be set. Overall, a range of approximately 3 to 700 mm 2 will be selected as the adjustable clear cross section of a ventilation opening. It can also be provided that the ventilation opening closes completely under certain operating conditions.
  • a vacuum drainage system normally has ascending inspection pipes arranged at certain intervals on the vacuum lines, which are normally covered tightly by removable sealing caps.
  • house shut-off devices in the direction of flow behind the suction valve. It is known the top ends of the inspection tubes and the inspek design openings on the house shut-off devices identically. This fact is used in a further embodiment of the invention, in which it is proposed that the ventilation opening, the valve member, the actuating device and the line connection to the actuating device form a structural unit with a closure cap which fits on an inspection pipe on a vacuum line.
  • the z. B. can have an inner diameter of 75 to 220 mm and is usually made of plastic.
  • a rising pipe 12 is connected to the rising and alternating vacuum line 10 in the further course of the earth.
  • B. can be a conventional inspection pipe or a riser pipe leading to a house shut-off device with, for example, an inner diameter of 40 mm.
  • the riser pipe 12 shown broken off is sealed off at the upper end by a cap-shaped end piece 14. This end piece also fits other inspection pipes and riser pipes on house connections.
  • a cylinder 18 is welded or glued to the end piece 14 via an intermediate piece 16. These parts are also preferably made of plastic and, in the example, form an extension of the riser pipe 12.
  • the inner cavity of the cylinder 18, which is closed off at the lower end by a membrane 26, is therefore constantly subjected to the negative pressure prevailing in the vacuum line via the connecting line 24 and the connection opening 22. While this strives to pull the membrane 26 upwards, a compression spring 28 clamped in the cylinder 18 presses the membrane 26 in the downward direction.
  • a downwardly extending control rod 30 is connected, which carries a truncated cone-shaped valve member 32 which more or less closes a ventilation opening 34 in the end wall of the end piece 14 when the membrane 26 is moved.
  • the ventilation opening 34 can, as shown, be cylindrical, alternatively also conical to match the valve member 32.
  • the control rod 30 is suitably adjustable in length by z. B. consists of at least two axially adjustable relative to each other or z. B. can be screwed into the valve body 32 at different depths.
  • one or more holes 36 must be present on it so that the interior of the vacuum line 10 communicates with the outside atmosphere when the ventilation opening 34 is open.
  • the sensitivity or sluggishness of reaction of the adjusting device consisting of parts 18 and 26 to 30 for the ventilation opening 34 can be changed by means of an adjustable throttle point 38 at the connection opening 22.
  • the setting is made e.g. B. by means of an adjusting screw 40, which is screwed more or less deep into the free cross section of the connecting line 24 at the terminal 22, depending on the desired inertia.
  • the ventilation device described above requires no maintenance after assembly within long intervals.
  • the vacuum drainage systems of the type mentioned at the outset can basically be operated in the same vacuum range as before. Since the actuating device 18, 26 to 30 described in the example uses the negative pressure in the vacuum line 10 as the drive source, there are no complications in connection with a special energy supply. Nevertheless, there is basically the possibility of using electrically or electronically controlled actuating devices as actuating devices for the proposed controllable ventilation openings, in which pressure or water level sensors generate signals which are converted into electrical control signals for the actuating device.
  • the ventilation openings 34 mentioned are used in vacuum drainage systems in which the suction valves are each opened and closed by a pneumatic control device, such as those e.g. are shown and described in DE-B 24 62 295 and DE-A 35 25 729.
  • a pneumatic switching valve is opened, which on the one hand triggers the opening of the suction valve directly or indirectly, and on the other hand a pneumatic time switch device Gear sets, which closes the suction valve again after a certain period of time.
  • the time period is set such that the air volume admitted into the vacuum line together with the wastewater when an exhaust valve is opened is 2 to 15 times the admitted wastewater portion. While according to DE-B 24 55 551 this air volume is let into the vacuum line after the wastewater portion, DE-A 35 25 729 provides that the greater part of the air volume let in with each opening process of a suction valve before and / or during Sucking in the wastewater portion is let into the vacuum line.
  • the total air volume let into the vacuum line over a longer period of time is preferably 2 to 15 times the total let-in volume.
  • the air volume let in when a suction valve is opened can be substantially smaller than before.
  • This distribution of the air supply to the suction valves on the house connections and to the ventilation openings 34 not only has the advantage of better economy because the air supply through the ventilation openings 34 is minimized because of their regulation can, but also the further advantage that the strong noises that previously occurred when opening the suction valve on a house connection, which were caused by the suction of air, are now reduced.
  • the known pneumatic control devices with time switches have always had the function of keeping the suction valve open so long that all waste water that had accumulated in the collecting container in front of a suction valve could be sucked off and then a certain amount of air could flow into the vacuum line. It has now surprisingly been found that in the vacuum dewatering system according to the invention with controllable ventilation openings, the control devices with time switches can be dispensed with.
  • a switching valve actuated by the water pressure in the collecting container upstream of the suction valve or the air pressure in a riser pipe connected to the collecting container, as was used according to DE-B 24 62 295 at the input of the known control devices for the suction valve, in order to maintain a certain maximum water level to trigger the opening of the suction valve in the collecting tank and to close the suction valve again immediately after the complete or partial suction of the waste water from the collecting container.
  • the amount of air admitted through the suction valve before the waste water portion is preferably about 10 to 25% and the amount of air flowing in through the suction valve in the form of bubbles and beads is preferably about 30 to 50% of the water volume of the waste water portion.
  • the rest of the total air required to operate the drainage system is also regulated in this case, where the suction valves are not kept open by a timer for a certain period of time, but only until all or part of the waste water collected in front of the valves is sucked off Vents entered.
  • the air volume is again 2 to 15 times the wastewater volume over a longer period of time. Under the same conditions, however, the air consumption is lower, and the system nevertheless operates more trouble-free than a conventional comparable system without the simple automatic control mechanism by means of the ventilation openings 34 described.
  • a drainage system according to the invention with controllable ventilation openings 34 works particularly well when the vacuum line, which in the usual way consists of plastic pipes with essentially the same diameter as in known drainage systems of this type, is laid at intervals of approximately each time it is laid in the pipe trench 20 to 30 m is relined in such a way that a high point arises in the line which is approximately 15 to 20 cm higher than the low points of the line which are approximately 10 to 15 m away therefrom.
  • the latter form the sinks in which not as much wastewater in the form of a plug can accumulate in the system according to the invention as in conventional vacuum drainage systems, because the air flowing in continuously through the ventilation openings displaces a corresponding volume of wastewater from the line.
  • the adjacent rising and falling line sections formed in this preferred type of laying the vacuum line are essentially of the same length if the line is laid overall or approximately horizontally, slightly rising or slightly falling over a certain distance.
  • the automatic control of the air supply of the drainage system according to the invention can be further improved and supplemented by the switching valve, which triggers the opening of the suction valve, depending on the instantaneous strength of the vacuum in, by means of a corresponding actuating device, as described above in connection with the ventilation openings 34 Closing direction is preloaded, as described in European patent application 87104153.9, so that it is more likely with weaker negative pressure, ie is opened at a lower water level in the collection container in front of a suction valve than with a strong negative pressure in the vacuum line.
  • Another advantage of the new drainage system is that there is always a gas and liquid flow to the vacuum station in the vacuum line. This gives a wastewater portion flowing in from a house connection in the transverse direction immediately the correct deflection to the vacuum station, which makes it earlier reverse currents that are often observed are effectively avoided.
  • the invention is not limited to the embodiment shown in the drawing.
  • the parts shown can also be arranged vice versa such that a e.g. conical valve body 32 points with the tip downwards and is pushed further in the closing direction into the opening 34 by a membrane 26 which is subjected to the system vacuum on its underside with an increasingly strong vacuum.
  • the line 24 and the opening 36 are to be arranged such that the membrane 26 is exposed to the outside atmosphere on its upper side and to the vacuum on its lower side.

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  • Health & Medical Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Hydrology & Water Resources (AREA)
  • Public Health (AREA)
  • Water Supply & Treatment (AREA)
  • Sewage (AREA)
  • Drying Of Solid Materials (AREA)
  • Refuse Collection And Transfer (AREA)

Claims (10)

1. Installation de drainage sous-vide avec un ou plusieurs réservoirs collecteurs se trouvant sous dépression et des canalisations sous-vide (10) reliées à eux, déplacées alternativement en montant et en déclivité auxquelles des canalisations de raccordement à pression normale des unités à drainer se trouvent connectées respectivement par une vanne d'aspiration, qui s'ouvre automatiquement, quand un volume d'eau déterminé de 5 à 40 litres s'est accumulé, et à chaque opération d'ouverture admet en même temps que leau résiduaire, de l'air dans la canalisation sous-vide (10), au moins une ouverture d'aération (34) commandée par un dispositif de réglage en fonction du niveau d'eau ou de la pression à un endroit déterminé de la canalisation sous-vide (10) placée sur la canalisation sous-vide (10), caractérisé en ce que, l'amplitude de l'ouverture d'aération (34) est réglable continuellement ou en plusieurs étapes à l'intérieur d'un domaine, dans lequel affluent des quantités d'air si faibles, que celui-ci barbote dans des colonnes d'eau se trouvant dans la canalisation sous vide (10).
2. Installation d'assèchement selon la revendication 1, caractérisée en ce que au moins une ouverture d'aération (34) est placée à l'extrémité extérieure d'une canalisation sous-vide (10) devant un tronçon ascendant ou siphon ou entre un plus grand nombre de canalisations de raccordement réunies près d'un réservoir collecteur et un plus petit nombre de canalisations de raccordement plus éloignées du réservoir collecteur.
3. Installation d'assèchement selon une des revendications 1 à 2, caractérsiée en ce que le dispositif de réglage (18, 26, 30) comprend pour modifier la largeur d'ouverture d'aération (34) un piston à membrane (26) sollicité par le vide dans la canalisation sous-vide (10), piston qui lors d'une chute de pression absolue tire une pièce de soupape (32) contre l'effet d'un ressort de rappel (28) dans une position réduisant l'ouverture d'aération (34).
4. Installation d'assèchement selon la revendication 3, caractérisée en ce que la connexion de la canalisation (24) entre la canalisation sous-vide (10, 12, 14) et un espace creux (18) délimité par le piston à membrane (26), est réalisée avec un passage à étranglement (38).
5. Installation d'assèchement selon la revendication 4, caractérisée en ce que la largeur d'ouverture du passage à étranglement (38) et/ou la longueur d'une tige de commande (30) entre le piston à membrane (26) et la pièce de soupape (32) est réglable.
6. Installation d'assèchement selon 1"une des revendications précédentes, caractérisée en ce que l'ouverture d'aération (34), la pièce de soupape (32), le dispositif de réglage (18, 26, 30) et la connexion de la canalisation (24) forment une unité de construction avec un capot d'étanchéité (14) ajusté sur un tube d'inspection (12) à une canalisation sous-vide (10).
7. Procédé pour exploiter une installation d'assèchement sous-vide selon la revendication 1 avec un ou plusieurs réservoirs collecteurs se trouvant sous-vide et des canalisations sous-vide reliées à eux, posées alternativement en montant et en déclivité, auxquelles des canalisations de raccordement à pression normale des unités à assécher se trouvent connectées par une vanne d'aspiration, qui s'ouvre automatiquement, quand un volume d'eau déterminé de 5 à 40 litres s'est accumulé, et que en plus du volume d'air affluant en même temps que l'eau résiduaire, à chaque opération d'ouverture, dans la canalisation sous-vide, on envoie de l'air additionnel par une ouverture d'aération dans la canalisation sous-vide, caractérisé en ce que, par l'ouverture d'aération, on admet continuellement un faible volume d'air fonction du niveau de l'eau ou de la pression dans la canalisation sous-vide, et qui barbote dans des colonnes d'eau se trouvant dans la canalisation sous-vide.
8. Procédé selon la revendication 7, caractérisé en ce que pendant l'ouverture d'une vanne d'aspiration seulement avant et/ou pendant l'admission de l'eau résiduaire dans la canalisation sous-vide, de l'air est admis dans celle-ci par la vanne d'aspiration.
9. Procédé selon les revendications 7 ou 8, caractérisé en ce que l'ouverture d'une vanne d'aspiration tout au plus à peu près le même volume en air que d'eau résiduaire est admis dans la canalisation sous-vide, et pour un intervalle de temps plus long le volume d'air admis par les ouvertures d'aération est plus grand que le volume d'eau résiduaire admis par les soupapes d'aspiration.
10. Procédé selon les revendications 7 à 9, caractérisé en ce que les soupapes d'aspiration avec un vide plus poussé dans la conduite sous-vide s'ouvrent avant, après que s'est accumulé devant elles un volume d'eau plus grand, qu'avec un vide plus faible.
EP87104283A 1986-08-23 1987-03-24 Installation de drainage sous vide Expired - Lifetime EP0258525B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT87104283T ATE53415T1 (de) 1986-08-23 1987-03-24 Vakuum-entwaesserungsanlage.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3628725 1986-08-23
DE19863628725 DE3628725A1 (de) 1986-08-23 1986-08-23 Vakuum-entwaesserungsanlage

Publications (3)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0258525A2 EP0258525A2 (fr) 1988-03-09
EP0258525A3 EP0258525A3 (en) 1988-10-05
EP0258525B1 true EP0258525B1 (fr) 1990-06-06

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Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87104283A Expired - Lifetime EP0258525B1 (fr) 1986-08-23 1987-03-24 Installation de drainage sous vide

Country Status (3)

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EP (1) EP0258525B1 (fr)
AT (1) ATE53415T1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3628725A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE4020062A1 (de) * 1990-06-23 1992-01-09 Harald Michael Vakuumabsauganlage fuer fluessigkeiten
JP3869573B2 (ja) * 1998-05-06 2007-01-17 積水化学工業株式会社 真空式下水システム

Family Cites Families (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US3730884A (en) * 1971-04-02 1973-05-01 B Burns Method and apparatus for conveying sewage
DE2637962C3 (de) * 1976-08-24 1980-07-10 Electrolux Gmbh, 2000 Hamburg Verfahren zum Abführen der Abwässer von einer Vielzahl von Hausanschlüssen mittels Unterdruck
JPS591970A (ja) * 1982-06-25 1984-01-07 株式会社日立製作所 冷媒流量制御装置

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ATE53415T1 (de) 1990-06-15
DE3628725A1 (de) 1988-02-25
DE3763090D1 (de) 1990-07-12
EP0258525A3 (en) 1988-10-05
EP0258525A2 (fr) 1988-03-09

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