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EP0255635A2 - Procédé et dispositif pour étirer une pièce à usiner métallique - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif pour étirer une pièce à usiner métallique Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0255635A2
EP0255635A2 EP87110379A EP87110379A EP0255635A2 EP 0255635 A2 EP0255635 A2 EP 0255635A2 EP 87110379 A EP87110379 A EP 87110379A EP 87110379 A EP87110379 A EP 87110379A EP 0255635 A2 EP0255635 A2 EP 0255635A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
workpiece
forging
bite
stretching
saddle
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP87110379A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0255635A3 (fr
Inventor
Reiner Prof. Dr.-Ing. Kopp
Klaus-Rainer Dr.-Ing. Baldner
Ekhard Dipl.-Ing. Siemer
Paul-Josef Dipl.-Ing. Nieschwitz
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
SMS Hasenclever Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Original Assignee
SMS Hasenclever Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by SMS Hasenclever Maschinenfabrik GmbH filed Critical SMS Hasenclever Maschinenfabrik GmbH
Publication of EP0255635A2 publication Critical patent/EP0255635A2/fr
Publication of EP0255635A3 publication Critical patent/EP0255635A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J5/00—Methods for forging, hammering, or pressing; Special equipment or accessories therefor
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B21—MECHANICAL METAL-WORKING WITHOUT ESSENTIALLY REMOVING MATERIAL; PUNCHING METAL
    • B21J—FORGING; HAMMERING; PRESSING METAL; RIVETING; FORGE FURNACES
    • B21J13/00—Details of machines for forging, pressing, or hammering
    • B21J13/08—Accessories for handling work or tools
    • B21J13/10—Manipulators

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a device for stretching a metallic workpiece in a forging press, in particular in an open-die forging press, the workpiece between the upper saddle and the lower saddle of the forging press - viewed in the direction of stretching or in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece - in each case by one bite is displaced or shifted and possibly rotated about the longitudinal axis.
  • the oldest method for shaping and stretching metallic workpieces is open-die forging, which is characterized by a number of advantages.
  • One of these advantages of open-die forging can be seen in the great flexibility, since with relatively simple forging tools, diverse product shapes of various sizes can be produced very precisely from metallic workpieces.
  • With the correct choice of the forming parameters in connection with a suitable heat treatment of the workpiece significant improvements in the material properties caused by the casting process can also be achieved.
  • An important requirement for the quality of a forged product is a consistently good forging of the workpiece core around blowholes and Eliminate other quality-reducing inclusions in the workpiece. In previous practice, a workpiece is first forged or deformed and only then checked for freedom from defects.
  • the forging must be rejected as a reject, which is associated with high material and energy costs is.
  • the near-surface zones of the workpiece have a higher yield stress than the zones below when deformed or stretched due to the heat given off to the forging press tool and the surroundings.
  • the near-surface zones of the workpiece counteract plastic deformation much more than the inner zones due to their increased yield stress, which can very easily lead to cracking on the surface and near-surface zones of the finished forged workpiece.
  • Fig. 3 of this Document shows that the outer edges of the upper and lower saddle are moved exactly over the respective previous bite edges or bite edges, where at these points where the edges of the forging tools meet the bite edges of the respective previous bite when the workpiece is stretched sensitive and / or high-alloy materials, cracks can easily occur due to the high stress and strain state.
  • the object of the invention is therefore to provide a method and a device for stretching a metallic workpiece in a forging press, whereby not only cracks and tears in the zones near the surface on the workpiece are avoided in a simple manner, but also a particularly good and uniform Forging the workpiece is reached, in particular also the workpiece core.
  • the object is achieved with the invention in that the workpiece is only displaced or displaced in the workpiece stretching direction before the respective stretching or the bite between the upper saddle and the lower saddle of the forging press, including the elongation of the workpiece measured during the deformation, that the bite edge of the previous bite comes to rest on the workpiece within the saddle edges.
  • This measure very advantageously achieves a so-called over-beating of the previous bite width and thus of the previous bite edge.
  • This overlapping of the respective previous bite edge prevents cracks or even breaks in the areas of the bite edges or on the entire workpiece.
  • the workpiece is stretched between the The upper saddle and the lower saddle are each offset or shifted in the workpiece stretching direction so far that the bite edge of the previous bite comes to lie approximately in the middle between the saddle edges.
  • the bite edge reaches the saddle edges after the workpiece has been displaced four times in the direction of stretching and thereby undergoes four times overmolding, the workpiece bite width (b) preferably being approximately 25% of the tool surface bite width (B).
  • the forging process takes place by means of a fully automatic forging process control with process computer, which uses an adaptive model of the forging process to control the control values (setpoints) required for controlling the forging press. calculated for each overmold of the workpiece, the model of the forging process being corrected (online) using the actual values obtained via the measured value acquisition, in particular the workpiece stretching for each overmold, via a parameter adaptation during the forging process.
  • a fully automatic forging process control with process computer enables the forging process during the production of the workpiece to be continuously and precisely monitored with regard to the forging effect, in particular with regard to the effect of each individual bite. In this way, the forming parameters that affect the quality or quality of the forging can be recorded during the forging process with practically no time delay and the necessary forging parameters can be derived from this in order to guarantee the required workpiece properties at the end of the forging.
  • the object is achieved in that a fully automatic forging process control with process computer is provided, as well as a degree of stretching gauge for the exact measurement of the stretching or elongation of the workpiece in the stretching direction during the deformation.
  • the continuous measurement is carried out in a particularly reliable manner and is not susceptible to faults by means of a mechanical-electrical degree of stretching gauge which is connected to a measuring cable which is detachably attached to the free end of the workpiece.
  • the degree of stretching can also be designed as a contactless measuring system, preferably optoelectronic.
  • Non-contact optical measurement process which rely on modern optoelectronic semiconductor components, work advantageously without wear and with extremely short measuring times.
  • a device for carrying out the method according to the invention consists of a manipulator (1) with pliers carrier (2) which can be displaced in the longitudinal axis direction (arrow 3) and about the longitudinal axis in a forging press, not shown in the drawing, in particular open-die forging press is rotatably arranged (arrow 4).
  • a workpiece (5) which is arranged between the upper saddle (6) and the lower saddle (7) of the forging press so that the bite edge (8) of the previous bite is within the saddle edges (9, 10) and (11, 12) comes to rest.
  • the workpiece (5) is detachably connected via a measuring cable (14) for determining the degree of stretch to the cable spool (15) of a degree of stretching knife (16), which consists of a height-adjustable stand (17) with a drive motor (18 ) as a rotary encoder and a torque controller (19) for keeping the torque constant.
  • the respective degree of stretching can be very advantageously, based on the respective The changed length of the measuring cable (14) before and after the workpiece is forged over and detected using the manipulator (1) to control the bite offset. It is essential here to maintain a constant tension of the measuring cable (14), which is achieved with the aid of the torque regulator (19) and the cable spool (15) connected to it.
  • the drive motor (18) designed as a rotary encoder is used to measure the length of the measuring cable.
  • the bite edge (8) of the workpiece (5) is in the position shown in FIG.
  • the workpiece (5) shown in FIG. 1 is the production of a metal rod with a rectangular cross section. It is therefore understandable that the still unformed workpiece (5) must be subjected to a double stretching or deformation by the saddle tools (6) and (7) of the forging press before each offset by the bite width (b), the workpiece being manipulated by the manipulator ( 1) is rotated 90 degrees around the longitudinal axis.
  • the production of flat or length-oriented forged products does not require the workpiece to be turned.
  • the workpiece (21) can also be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the workpiece before stretching between the upper saddle (6) and the lower saddle (7) of the forging press so that the bite edges (22) of the previous bite on the workpiece ( 21) come to rest approximately in the middle between the saddle edges (23, 24).
  • the bite width (b) on the workpiece (21) and thus the bite offset is thus 50% of the saddle bite width (B), which means that the bite edges (22) are positioned on the bite center of the previous overmold before every second overmold of the workpiece (21) .
  • the stretched bite width on the workpiece (21) after the previous overmold of the workpiece (21) is identified by (b ⁇ ).
  • a forging process control with a process computer is provided according to the invention.
  • the forging process in particular the forging and re-forging of the workpiece, takes place by means of a fully automatic forging process control with a process computer according to the block circuit diagram shown schematically in FIG.
  • the process computer uses an adaptive model of the forging process to calculate the control values (setpoints) required for the control of the forging press for each overmold, the model of the forging process being calculated using the measured value from the tool speed, the Pressing force, the top saddle position, the manipulator position, the workpiece data, the Material temperature, the material flow and the workpiece stretching actual values obtained are corrected via a parameter adaptation during the forging process sequence (on-line).
  • This fully automatic forging process control according to the invention is a known, in principle, metrological comparison between the actual value parameters and the predetermined or preprogrammed target value parameters, each deviation of the respective actual value from the predetermined target value being detected and a corresponding correction of the depending on the deviation from the target value Forging process sequence follows.
  • the exact detection of the workpiece degree of stretching with the help of the degree of stretching (see FIG. 1, number 16) and the inclusion of the degree of stretching as determined by the degree of stretching in the forging process control according to the invention is completely new and provides the measurement and measurement required for the optimization of the forging process Tax values.
  • the bite offset can in each case be optimally adjusted to the metallic workpiece to be deformed in the forging press, whereby a considerable improvement in the quality and quality of the respective forged end product is achieved in comparison with the previously known forging process controls
  • FIGS. 4 and 5 the results of practical stretching tests on two blocks (25, 26) made of carbon steel of the quality "C 45" were evaluated and graphically represented in an open-die forging press.
  • the graphical diagram according to FIG. 4 shows the distribution and the course of the local degrees of stretching ( ⁇ R ) in the form of a curve (27) on the contact surface tool-workpiece, namely measured on the axis of symmetry of the contact surface in the longitudinal direction when forging the stepped block (25) without bite offset, ie without Forging controlled according to the invention.
  • the graphs shown in Figures 6 and 7 show the shape change distribution in the core of a metallic workpiece after a one to ten times over-forging, based on the longitudinal axis standardized to 100%, once with bite offset control according to the invention (Fig. 6) and once without Bite offset control (Fig. 7).
  • the bite offset control according to the invention achieves a very uniform, homogeneous shape change distribution of the workpiece core during the overmold (FIG. 6, number 29), whereas the overmoulding of the workpiece without a bite offset control results in a very unevenly distributed shape change distribution Workpiece cores (Fig. 7, number 30) leads.
  • FIG. 8 shows a schematic representation of the comparison shape change ( ⁇ V ) for the center line of a forging block with a bite offset of s B / 2.
  • the cross-section of the forging block is forged back to a square.
  • the desired bite offset that is, a shift of the pressed areas compared to the previous first overmold.
  • the offset is achieved when a percentage of the elongated bite width (here about 50%) of the previous overmold corresponding to the bite offset is no longer processed.
  • the bite width must be selected equal to the extended bite width of the previous stitch in this overmold.
  • a "normal" forging cycle is carried out according to the required forging parameters.
  • a bite offset in every overmold is not always feasible, since the bite width would have to increase continuously in accordance with the stretch of the forging block and, after a few overmoldings, the available saddle width or the maximum pressing force would be reached as a limit. Furthermore, this procedure cannot meet the requirement for a constant bite ratio during the entire forging process. Quality optimization in the sense of a homogeneous core forging and a largely avoidance of surface cracks in the area of action of the saddle radii is already achieved by the method described above of a bite offset in every second forging. The consequence of the bite offset is a stepped forging block falling on one side.
  • the bite offset control according to the invention results in a particularly uniform forging of the metallic workpiece, which contributes to a considerable improvement in the quality of the forged product produced in each case.
  • both the method and the device for carrying out the method according to the invention for stretching metallic workpieces can be used with advantage both in cold forging processes and in hot forging processes.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Forging (AREA)
EP87110379A 1986-07-30 1987-07-17 Procédé et dispositif pour étirer une pièce à usiner métallique Withdrawn EP0255635A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3625835 1986-07-30
DE3625835 1986-07-30

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0255635A2 true EP0255635A2 (fr) 1988-02-10
EP0255635A3 EP0255635A3 (fr) 1988-04-06

Family

ID=6306344

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87110379A Withdrawn EP0255635A3 (fr) 1986-07-30 1987-07-17 Procédé et dispositif pour étirer une pièce à usiner métallique

Country Status (2)

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EP (1) EP0255635A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6336946A (fr)

Cited By (5)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102225449A (zh) * 2011-03-23 2011-10-26 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 一种含锰不锈钢钢锭的锻造方法
CN102500733A (zh) * 2011-09-22 2012-06-20 中国科学院金属研究所 一种高效率愈合钢锭内部孔洞型缺陷的锻造方法
CN102601280A (zh) * 2011-01-24 2012-07-25 西安宝信冶金技术有限公司 一种多锤头高频精密径向同步锻造方法
AT525034A1 (de) * 2021-05-12 2022-11-15 Gfm Gmbh Verfahren zum Warmumformen eines gegossenen Schmiedeblocks mithilfe einer Schmiedevorrichtung
CN117358863A (zh) * 2023-12-08 2024-01-09 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 一种防止高温合金在锤上自由锻造过程中产生裂纹的方法

Families Citing this family (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US7281402B2 (en) * 2004-05-10 2007-10-16 Speciality Minerals (Michigan) Inc. Method and apparatus for optimizing forging processes
CN102294425B (zh) * 2011-08-22 2013-12-25 中原特钢股份有限公司 上宽砧下窄砧锻造装置及锻造方法
CN115415460B (zh) * 2022-10-31 2023-04-18 江苏宏盛液压机械有限公司 一种液压泵锻造装置

Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1926638B2 (de) * 1969-05-24 1975-06-12 Schloemann-Siemag Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf Steuereinrichtung für die Steuerung der vertikalen Federkraft am Zangenträger eines Schmiedemanipulators
DE2228037B2 (de) * 1972-06-09 1979-10-25 Eumuco Ag Fuer Maschinenbau, 5090 Leverkusen Programmspeicher für eine Freiform-Schmiedepresse
JPS54159366A (en) * 1978-06-07 1979-12-17 Hitachi Ltd Forging method with multistage anvil

Family Cites Families (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
JPS5839731B2 (ja) * 1975-07-31 1983-09-01 株式会社クボタ ハンソウソウチ
JPS5485161A (en) * 1977-12-21 1979-07-06 Ishikawajima Harima Heavy Ind Co Ltd Correcting method for twist of ingot in free-forging

Patent Citations (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE1926638B2 (de) * 1969-05-24 1975-06-12 Schloemann-Siemag Ag, 4000 Duesseldorf Steuereinrichtung für die Steuerung der vertikalen Federkraft am Zangenträger eines Schmiedemanipulators
DE2228037B2 (de) * 1972-06-09 1979-10-25 Eumuco Ag Fuer Maschinenbau, 5090 Leverkusen Programmspeicher für eine Freiform-Schmiedepresse
JPS54159366A (en) * 1978-06-07 1979-12-17 Hitachi Ltd Forging method with multistage anvil

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
PATENT ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, Band 4, Nr. 22 (C-74), 23. Februar 1980; & JP - A - 54 159 366 (HITACHI) 17.12.1979 *

Cited By (11)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN102601280A (zh) * 2011-01-24 2012-07-25 西安宝信冶金技术有限公司 一种多锤头高频精密径向同步锻造方法
CN102225449A (zh) * 2011-03-23 2011-10-26 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 一种含锰不锈钢钢锭的锻造方法
CN102225449B (zh) * 2011-03-23 2013-03-20 山西太钢不锈钢股份有限公司 一种含锰不锈钢钢锭的锻造方法
CN102500733A (zh) * 2011-09-22 2012-06-20 中国科学院金属研究所 一种高效率愈合钢锭内部孔洞型缺陷的锻造方法
CN102500733B (zh) * 2011-09-22 2014-08-13 中国科学院金属研究所 一种高效率愈合钢锭内部孔洞型缺陷的锻造方法
AT525034A1 (de) * 2021-05-12 2022-11-15 Gfm Gmbh Verfahren zum Warmumformen eines gegossenen Schmiedeblocks mithilfe einer Schmiedevorrichtung
WO2022236345A1 (fr) 2021-05-12 2022-11-17 Gfm Gmbh Procédé de formage à chaud d'un lingot de forge coulé à l'aide d'un dispositif de forgeage
EP4414099A2 (fr) 2021-05-12 2024-08-14 GFM GmbH Procédé de formage à chaud d'un bloc de forgeage coulé à l'aide d'un dispositif de forgeage
AT525034B1 (de) * 2021-05-12 2024-09-15 Gfm Gmbh Verfahren zum Warmumformen eines gegossenen Schmiedeblocks mithilfe einer Schmiedevorrichtung
CN117358863A (zh) * 2023-12-08 2024-01-09 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 一种防止高温合金在锤上自由锻造过程中产生裂纹的方法
CN117358863B (zh) * 2023-12-08 2024-03-08 成都先进金属材料产业技术研究院股份有限公司 一种防止高温合金在锤上自由锻造过程中产生裂纹的方法

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0255635A3 (fr) 1988-04-06
JPS6336946A (ja) 1988-02-17

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Inventor name: NIESCHWITZ, PAUL-JOSEF, DIPL.-ING.

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