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EP0251010B1 - Dérivateur de surtension à gaz - Google Patents

Dérivateur de surtension à gaz Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0251010B1
EP0251010B1 EP87108588A EP87108588A EP0251010B1 EP 0251010 B1 EP0251010 B1 EP 0251010B1 EP 87108588 A EP87108588 A EP 87108588A EP 87108588 A EP87108588 A EP 87108588A EP 0251010 B1 EP0251010 B1 EP 0251010B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
electrode
gap
cylindrical
depressions
ignition
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired - Lifetime
Application number
EP87108588A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0251010A1 (fr
Inventor
Jürgen Dipl.-Ing. Boy
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Siemens AG
Original Assignee
Siemens AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Siemens AG filed Critical Siemens AG
Publication of EP0251010A1 publication Critical patent/EP0251010A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0251010B1 publication Critical patent/EP0251010B1/fr
Anticipated expiration legal-status Critical
Expired - Lifetime legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T4/00—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps
    • H01T4/10—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel
    • H01T4/12—Overvoltage arresters using spark gaps having a single gap or a plurality of gaps in parallel hermetically sealed
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H01—ELECTRIC ELEMENTS
    • H01T—SPARK GAPS; OVERVOLTAGE ARRESTERS USING SPARK GAPS; SPARKING PLUGS; CORONA DEVICES; GENERATING IONS TO BE INTRODUCED INTO NON-ENCLOSED GASES
    • H01T1/00—Details of spark gaps
    • H01T1/20—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap
    • H01T1/22—Means for starting arc or facilitating ignition of spark gap by the shape or the composition of the electrodes

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a gas discharge surge arrester according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • the invention is in the field of electrical components and can be used in the structural design of a gas discharge surge arrester, the electrodes of which contain an activation compound in the recesses of their surface.
  • the vacuum-tight housing consists of at least one cylindrical insulating ring and at least one first and one second electrode.
  • the two electrodes are provided with at least one pair of opposing, cylindrical holes, which are partially filled with an activation compound. It is thus achieved that the distance of the activation mass of the one electrode from the surface of the counterelectrode is greater than the width of the ignition gap (US Pat. No. 4,491,839).
  • Surge arresters are also known which have a further electrode concentric with two electrodes lying opposite one another, this further electrode forming the actual discharge path together with one of the two other electrodes (US Pat. No. 3,710,191).
  • the invention has for its object to provide a bipolar operated arrester, which is characterized by a low spread of the electrical values, in particular the response voltage, during the service life and which has a high level of operational reliability.
  • the first electrode is arranged concentrically to the second electrode, that the recesses receiving the activation mass consist of one or more grooves or grooves or of a pyramid-shaped waffle and that the recesses at least the second electrode outside the Ignition gap are arranged.
  • the activation mass can deform when heated and, for example, elevations or spheres can be formed without influencing the ignition voltage or even endangering the insulation of the surge arrester. With such an arrester, it is sufficient to ignite the discharge in the ignition gap. As soon as the electrode provided with the activating mass works as a cathode, the base of the discharge moves at higher currents to the transition between the activating mass and the uncovered electrode material, even if this is arranged outside the ignition gap and the discharge path is considerably lengthened. Because of the greater distance of the activating mass from the respective counter electrode, deformation of the activating mass therefore has no influence on the ignition voltage.
  • An advantageous embodiment of the new surge arrester consists in providing the first electrode with a bore into which the second electrode projects, an annular ignition gap between the two electrodes and an insulation gap between the string surface of the second electrode and the bottom of the bore of the first electrode remains free and the ignition gap is narrower than the insulation gap, and on the annular end face of both the first and the second electrode to provide recesses for receiving the activation mass, these recesses not reaching to the inner edge of the end faces.
  • An embodiment is also advantageous in which the bore in the first electrode is delimited by a frustoconical wall which merges into a cylinder wall with a smaller diameter and in which the second electrode has a frustoconical part has, whose conical surface with the frustoconical part of the bore forms a gap of constant width and in which the end face of the frustoconical part is provided with an activation layer which does not reach the edge of the end face.
  • This embodiment is easy to manufacture, enables a relatively small tolerance of the gap dimension in the axial direction because of the frustoconical gap boundaries and ensures the distance requirements for the activation layer on the end face of the second electrode.
  • the invention has a particularly advantageous effect if the activation mass is heated to such an extent by higher current loads that the risk of balls or drops forming is particularly great.
  • Such cases of operation often occur in so-called three-electrode arresters, that is, in surge arresters in which a second and a third electrode are arranged coaxially with one another and each have a cylindrical part, the end faces of the cylindrical parts lying opposite one another and forming a secondary discharge gap, and in which a first one Electrode contains a cylinder bore, the boundary of which is arranged concentrically around the cylindrical parts of the second and third electrodes and also enclosing the secondary discharge gap;
  • each end face of the first electrode is provided with at least one ring-shaped recess for receiving the activation compound.
  • the end faces of the second and third electrodes also have depressions for receiving activation mass.
  • the activation mass advantageously consists essentially of sodium silicate and is accommodated and melted in grooves, waffle pyramids, bores, etc.
  • Sodium silicate gives favorable characteristics of the surge arrester and adheres well to the substrate when melted, but also tends to form balls or drops relatively strongly.
  • Surge arresters can be used particularly advantageously.
  • An embodiment of a three-electrode arrester is particularly suitable for securing lines, in which a second and a third electrode are arranged coaxially with one another and each have a cylindrical part, the end faces of the cylindrical parts lying opposite one another and forming a secondary discharge gap in which a first electrode contains a cylinder bore which is arranged concentrically to the cylindrical parts of the second and third electrodes and encloses the ignition gap, in which the bore in the first electrode is provided with a depression in the form of a trapezoidal thread and the threads are partially filled with activation compound, that the activation mass does not reach the wall of the cylinder bore, and in which the end faces of the second and third electrodes have depressions filled with activation mass.
  • a main discharge gap is defined here by the edge of the activation mass lying in the trapezoidal thread. It is wider than the ignition gap, which is determined by the parts of the cylinder wall remaining between the threads of the trapezoidal thread. This results in a small variation in the ignition voltage values of this special embodiment.
  • the helical design of the recess also ensures that a metallic surface on the first electrode is reached in the shortest possible way on a part of the circumference of the activating compound on the second or third electrode when the electrodes act as cathodes.
  • the cathode base of the first electrode lies in the trapezoidal thread when the cathode is functioning; deformation of the electrode or the activation mass does not change the ignition gap and therefore does not affect the ignition behavior of the arrester.
  • the three-electrode surge arresters described are mainly used to protect two wires which, in a first approximation, are at the same potential and are connected to the first and third electrodes against earth, which is connected to the second electrode. Accordingly, only relatively small voltage differences occur between the second and third electrodes, the secondary discharge path lying between these electrodes does not have to meet high requirements.
  • the present invention is therefore used only in relation to the main discharge path between the second or third electrode on the one hand and the first electrode on the other. As soon as a discharge takes place between the second or third and the first electrode, the main discharge gap between the not yet ignited second or third electrode and the first electrode is also ionized, so that their voltage is also reduced. In this way a significant discharge between the second and third electrodes is avoided, the secondary discharge path between the end faces of these two electrodes cannot assume high current values.
  • the first electrode 1 is composed of a first electrode 1, a second electrode 2 and an insulating ring 3, which is preferably made of ceramic, and soldered in a vacuum-tight manner.
  • the first electrode 1 has a bore 4 into which a cylindrical part 5 of the second electrode 2 extends.
  • an ignition gap 7 is formed in the electrode 2, in the area of which no activation layer is applied to the electrodes.
  • an insulation gap 6 which is significantly wider than the ignition gap 7.
  • the end face 14 of the hollow cylindrical part 12 of the first electrode 1 and the end face 13 of the cylindrical part 5 of the electrode 2 are each provided with annular grooves 10 and 9, which are filled with an activation compound.
  • two rings 10 and 9 are attached in the end faces 14 and 13, respectively.
  • the base point being at the boundary between the activation layer and the metal of the electrode and a relatively large one on the anode side Area for current entry into the counter electrode is available.
  • the grooves instead of the grooves, other depressions, e.g. small waffle pyramids are embossed in the end faces 14 and 13, which are filled with activation mass.
  • the discharge can also take place across the insulation gap 6; a deformation of the activation compound in the grooves 9 does not change the ignition voltage.
  • This embodiment is therefore particularly suitable for high current values.
  • FIG. 2 shows an exemplary embodiment in which tolerances in the axial direction have little influence on the gap width and thus ignition voltages.
  • the ignition gap 7 is arranged between a frustoconical part 15 of a second electrode 20 and a frustoconical bore 18 of a first electrode 19.
  • the cylindrical part 16 of the first electrode 19 has also a bore 17 coaxial to the bore, which merges into the frustoconical bore 18 at its smaller boundary plane.
  • the bore 17 even with very small gap widths of the ignition gap 7 of 0.5 mm or less, there is sufficient space for a deformation of the activation compound in the annular groove 9.
  • the electrodes of Figure 1 and the cylindrical parts of the electrodes of Figure 2 are advantageously made of copper.
  • the embodiment in FIG. 2 enables such an alloy to be used for the cup-shaped fastening parts 21 of the electrodes 19 and 20, the temperature coefficient of which is adapted in a manner known per se to the temperature coefficient of the insulating ring, which is preferably made of ceramic.
  • FIG. 3 shows a three-electrode surge arrester, which is particularly suitable for protecting two lines loaded with pulses against the ground potential applied to the second, concentrically arranged electrode.
  • Cylindrical parts 25 and 26 of the electrodes 22 and 23 extend into a bore in the first electrode 24.
  • the end faces of the second electrode 22 and the third electrode 23 form a secondary discharge path 27.
  • the main discharge path 28 (ignition gap) runs in the annular gap between the cylindrical parts 25 and 26 and the cylindrical inner wall 29 of the second electrode 24.
  • the end faces of the cylindrical parts 25 and 26 each contain a groove 9 filled with activation compound.
  • the inner wall 29 of the second electrode 24 is provided with a trapezoidal thread 30 which is filled with activation compound.
  • the ignition gap is defined by the parts of the inner wall 29 remaining between the trapezoidal thread and extends to the corresponding cylindrical part 25 or 26.
  • This construction ensures that a discharge with a cathode base in one of the grooves 9 of the second or third electrode 22 or 23, regardless of tolerances of the dimensions in the axial direction, in the shortest way in the radial direction strikes a metallic surface of the inner wall of the second electrode 24.
  • the discharges with a cathode base on the second electrode 24 there is plenty of activating mass so that this discharge direction can take place quickly and with a particularly low arc voltage.
  • the advantages of the invention for high-energy discharges are advantageously combined with the advantages of conventional technology, namely very low arcing voltage.
  • other depressions for example waffle pyramids, can also be used.
  • FIG. 4 shows a three-electrode arrester in which the first electrode 24 also has an annular groove 31 on its end faces.
  • the activation mass for all electrodes (22, 23, 24) is arranged consistently outside the actual discharge gap (28).

Landscapes

  • Emergency Protection Circuit Devices (AREA)
  • Spark Plugs (AREA)
  • Thermistors And Varistors (AREA)
  • Gas-Insulated Switchgears (AREA)
  • Glass Compositions (AREA)

Claims (5)

1. Parasurtension à décharge dans un gaz avec un boîtier étanche au vide, qui est constitué par au moins un anneau cylindrique en une matière isolante (3) et par au moins une première électrode (1, 24) et par une seconde élec­trode (2, 22), du type comportant une fente d'allumage située
entre les deux électrodes, alors que chaque électrode com­porte, dans une cuvette de sa surface, une masse d'activation dont la distance à la contre-électrode concernée est supé­rieure à la largeur de la fente d'allumage (7, 28).
caractérisé par le fait
que la première électrode (1, 24) est disposée concentrique­ment par rapport à la seconde électrode (2, 22),
que les cuvettes (9, 30) qui reçoivent la masse d'activation sont constituées par un ou par plusieurs sillons ou par un gaufrage pyramidal
et que les cuvettes (9) de la seconde électrode (2), au moins, sont situées à l'extérieur de la fente d'allumage (7, 28).
2. Parasurtension à décharge dans un gaz selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que les cuvettes de la première électrode (1) sont également disposées à l'exté­rieur de la fente d'allumage (7).
3. Parasurtension à décharge dans un gaz selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que la première électrode (1) comporte un perçage (11) dans lequel pénètre la seconde électrode (2), qu'entre les électrodes (1,2) est dégagée une fente d'allumage annulaire (7),
et qu'entre la surface frontale (13) de la seconde électrode (2) et la surface de fond (8) du perçage (4) ménagé dans la première électrode (1), ainsi qu'entre la surface frontale (14) de la première électrode (1) et les parties voisines de la seconde électrode (2), sont dégagées des fentes d'isola­tion (6), la fente d'allumage (7) étant plus étroite que les fentes d'isolation (6), et que les cuvettes (10) destinées à recevoir la masse d'activation, sont disposées sur la surface frontale annulaire (14) de la première électrode (1) et sur la surface frontale (13) de la seconde électrode et ne s'étendent pas jusqu'au bord intérieur des surfaces fron­tales.
4. Parasurtention à décharge dans un gaz selon la revendication 2, caractérisé par le fait que la seconde élec­trode (22) et une troisième électrode (23, Fig.4) sont dispo­sées coaxialement entre elles et chacune d'elle comporte une partie cylindrique, les surfaces frontales des parties cylin­driques se faisant face et forment une fente de décharge auxiliaire (27),
que la première électrode (24) comporte un perçage cylindrique agencé concentriquement par rapport aux parties cylindriques de la seconde et de la troisième électrode (22, 23), et entoure la fente de décharge auxiliaire (27), que chaque surface frontale de la première électrode (24) est pourvue d'au moins une cuvette (31) pour recevoir la masse d'activation,
et que les surfaces frontales de la seconde et de la troi­sième électrode (22, 23) sont pourvues de cuvettes pour rece­voir la masse d'activation.
5. Parasurtention à décharge dans un gaz selon la revendication 1, caractérisé par le fait que la seconde élec­trode (22) et une troisième électrode (23, Fig.3) sont dispo­sées coaxialement entre elles et comporte chacune une partie de forme cylindrique, les surfaces frontales des parties de forme cylindrique se faisant face dans la direction axiale et forment une fente de décharge auxiliaire (27), que la pre­mière électrode (24) comporte un perçage cylindrique (29) qui est agencé concentriquement par rapport aux parties de forme cylindrique de la seconde et de la troisième électrode (22, 23) et entoure la fente de décharge auxiliaire, qu'entre les parties de forme cylindrique et le perçage (29) de la première électrode (24), se situe la fente d'allumage (28) qui est plus étroite que la fente de décharge auxiliaire que le perçage (29) ménagé dans la première électrode (24) est pourvu d'un filetage trapézoïdal dont les filets (30) contiennent la masse d'activation
et que les surfaces frontales de la seconde et de la troi­sième électrode (22, 23) comportent des cuvettes (9) remplies avec la masse d'activation.
EP87108588A 1986-06-25 1987-06-15 Dérivateur de surtension à gaz Expired - Lifetime EP0251010B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE3621254 1986-06-25
DE19863621254 DE3621254A1 (de) 1986-06-25 1986-06-25 Gasentladungsueberspannungsableiter

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0251010A1 EP0251010A1 (fr) 1988-01-07
EP0251010B1 true EP0251010B1 (fr) 1991-01-02

Family

ID=6303654

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP87108588A Expired - Lifetime EP0251010B1 (fr) 1986-06-25 1987-06-15 Dérivateur de surtension à gaz

Country Status (5)

Country Link
US (1) US4769736A (fr)
EP (1) EP0251010B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6313290A (fr)
KR (1) KR960000922B1 (fr)
DE (2) DE3621254A1 (fr)

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JPH0716319Y2 (ja) * 1989-07-21 1995-04-12 株式会社白山製作所 ガス封止形多極避雷器
JP2847105B2 (ja) * 1990-01-10 1999-01-13 矢崎総業株式会社 放電管
JP2543302Y2 (ja) * 1990-03-27 1997-08-06 日本電気株式会社 放電管
JP2860335B2 (ja) * 1990-09-25 1999-02-24 矢崎総業株式会社 放電管
CA2160521A1 (fr) * 1994-10-13 1996-04-14 Juergen Boy Dispositif anti-surtension trois electrodes a coupure dans un gaz
DE4444515B4 (de) * 1994-10-13 2009-10-01 Epcos Ag Gasgefüllter Drei-Elektroden-Überspannungsableiter für hohe Schaltleistungen
JP3749754B2 (ja) * 1995-05-02 2006-03-01 新光電気工業株式会社 放電管
DE19632417C1 (de) * 1996-08-05 1998-05-07 Siemens Ag Gasgefüllter Überspannungsableiter mit Elektroden-Aktivierungsmasse
TW371371B (en) * 1998-04-10 1999-10-01 United Microelectronics Corp Electrostatic discharge protection circuit with tip discharge
DE19817063C2 (de) * 1998-04-17 2001-08-23 Proepster J Gmbh Überspannungsschutzelement mit Lichtbogenwanderung
DE19920043A1 (de) * 1999-04-23 2000-10-26 Epcos Ag Gasgefüllter Überspannungsableiter mit einer aus mehreren Komponenten bestehenden Aktivierungsmasse
DE10159260A1 (de) * 2001-12-03 2003-06-18 Epcos Ag Elektrode und elektrisches Bauelement mit der Elektrode
DE10357945A1 (de) * 2003-12-09 2005-07-14 Phoenix Contact Gmbh & Co. Kg Überspannungsschutzeinrichtung
DE102005016848A1 (de) * 2005-04-12 2006-10-19 Epcos Ag Überspannungsableiter
DE102005036265A1 (de) * 2005-08-02 2007-02-08 Epcos Ag Funkenstrecke
JP2009508320A (ja) 2005-09-14 2009-02-26 リッテルフューズ，インコーポレイティド ガス入りサージアレスタ、活性化化合物、点火ストライプ及びその方法
EP2238660B1 (fr) 2007-12-21 2012-06-06 BAE Systems PLC Commutateur à haute tension
DE102007063316A1 (de) * 2007-12-28 2009-07-02 Epcos Ag Überspannungsableiter mit niedriger Ansprechstoßspannung
CN102738785B (zh) * 2011-04-15 2015-07-22 上海电科电器科技有限公司 过电压保护装置的放电模块
FR3010843B1 (fr) * 2013-09-19 2017-05-05 Ene29 S Ar L Eclateur d'un dispositif de generation d'arc electrique et dispositif de generation d'arc electrique correspondant
FR3010844B1 (fr) 2013-09-19 2015-10-16 Ene29 S Ar L Eclateur d'un dispositif de generation d'arc electrique et dispositif de generation d'arc electrique correspondant
CN110601163B (zh) * 2019-10-29 2024-10-01 安徽中电电气有限公司 一种特种过电压保护装置

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US4491893A (en) * 1982-05-25 1985-01-01 Reliance Electric Company Gas filled surge arrester
EP0229303A1 (fr) * 1985-12-18 1987-07-22 Cerberus Ag Eclateur, en particulier pour application de prééclateur de bougie d'allumage pour moteur à combustion interne

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DE2060388B2 (de) * 1970-12-08 1977-05-26 Siemens AG, 1000 Berlin und 8000 München Ueberspannungsableiter mit mehreren elektroden
GB1389142A (en) * 1973-05-31 1975-04-03 Comtelco Uk Ltd Electrical surge arrestor
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GB1455806A (en) * 1975-01-28 1976-11-17 Siemens Ag Surge voltage arresters
US4015172A (en) * 1975-03-17 1977-03-29 Siemens Aktiengesellschaft Two path voltage arrester
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JPS607183U (ja) * 1983-06-25 1985-01-18 株式会社サンコ−シャ 過電圧保護素子
JPS6055091U (ja) * 1983-09-22 1985-04-17 株式会社サンコ−シャ 放電形避雷器

Patent Citations (2)

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4491893A (en) * 1982-05-25 1985-01-01 Reliance Electric Company Gas filled surge arrester
EP0229303A1 (fr) * 1985-12-18 1987-07-22 Cerberus Ag Eclateur, en particulier pour application de prééclateur de bougie d'allumage pour moteur à combustion interne

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
US4769736A (en) 1988-09-06
KR880001083A (ko) 1988-03-31
DE3621254A1 (de) 1988-01-07
EP0251010A1 (fr) 1988-01-07
KR960000922B1 (ko) 1996-01-15
JPS6313290A (ja) 1988-01-20
DE3766888D1 (de) 1991-02-07

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