EP0250497A1 - Nach dem zweitaktverfahren arbeitende verbrennungskraftmaschine. - Google Patents
Nach dem zweitaktverfahren arbeitende verbrennungskraftmaschine.Info
- Publication number
- EP0250497A1 EP0250497A1 EP87900055A EP87900055A EP0250497A1 EP 0250497 A1 EP0250497 A1 EP 0250497A1 EP 87900055 A EP87900055 A EP 87900055A EP 87900055 A EP87900055 A EP 87900055A EP 0250497 A1 EP0250497 A1 EP 0250497A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- cylinder
- internal combustion
- combustion engine
- engine according
- flushing
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 238000002485 combustion reaction Methods 0.000 claims abstract description 46
- 239000007789 gas Substances 0.000 claims description 30
- 238000011010 flushing procedure Methods 0.000 claims description 23
- 238000010926 purge Methods 0.000 claims description 8
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 claims description 4
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 claims description 4
- 235000014676 Phragmites communis Nutrition 0.000 claims 1
- 239000000446 fuel Substances 0.000 abstract description 5
- 231100000614 poison Toxicity 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000003440 toxic substance Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 238000013461 design Methods 0.000 description 7
- 210000002105 tongue Anatomy 0.000 description 5
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 3
- 238000010276 construction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 230000000694 effects Effects 0.000 description 2
- 239000003344 environmental pollutant Substances 0.000 description 2
- 231100000719 pollutant Toxicity 0.000 description 2
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005266 casting Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000006835 compression Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007906 compression Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000002474 experimental method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000005461 lubrication Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012545 processing Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000013517 stratification Methods 0.000 description 1
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B25/00—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders
- F02B25/14—Engines characterised by using fresh charge for scavenging cylinders using reverse-flow scavenging, e.g. with both outlet and inlet ports arranged near bottom of piston stroke
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F01—MACHINES OR ENGINES IN GENERAL; ENGINE PLANTS IN GENERAL; STEAM ENGINES
- F01L—CYCLICALLY OPERATING VALVES FOR MACHINES OR ENGINES
- F01L7/00—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements
- F01L7/12—Rotary or oscillatory slide valve-gear or valve arrangements specially for two-stroke engines
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B1/00—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression
- F02B1/02—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition
- F02B1/04—Engines characterised by fuel-air mixture compression with positive ignition with fuel-air mixture admission into cylinder
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F02—COMBUSTION ENGINES; HOT-GAS OR COMBUSTION-PRODUCT ENGINE PLANTS
- F02B—INTERNAL-COMBUSTION PISTON ENGINES; COMBUSTION ENGINES IN GENERAL
- F02B75/00—Other engines
- F02B75/02—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke
- F02B2075/022—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle
- F02B2075/025—Engines characterised by their cycles, e.g. six-stroke having less than six strokes per cycle two
Definitions
- the invention relates to an internal combustion engine operating according to the two-stroke process, in which the fresh gases are guided tangentially and obliquely upwards into the cylinder and in which an additional charging device is provided instead of a crankcase pump for conveying the fresh gases into the cylinder.
- Such an internal combustion engine is the subject of DE-PS 454 473.
- the known internal combustion engine is a slow-running, large-volume two-stroke engine.
- the purge air is fed tangentially into the cylinder via several purge air channels.
- the burned gas leaves the cylinder via a plurality of outlet channels arranged on the side opposite the purge air channels.
- the known internal combustion engine cannot work optimally, since a high proportion of the incoming air instead of rotating in the cylinder reaches the outlet channels directly. This results in relatively high short-circuit losses.
- the formation of a rotating charge is impeded by turbulence and the backflow in the middle of the cylinder.
- the invention has for its object to design a two-stroke internal combustion engine of the type mentioned in such a way that it can work as a diesel engine with smooth running and high efficiency, but also as a spark-ignition internal combustion engine (gasoline engine) and in terms of their fuel consumption and pollutant content in Exhaust gas is more advantageous than conventional diesel, spark-ignited two-stroke and four-stroke internal combustion engines.
- This object is achieved in that only a single flushing channel is provided with a flushing slot opening into the cylinder and the flushing channel is arranged on the same cylinder side next to the outlet slot. Due to this design according to the invention, the inflowing fresh gases form a rotating roller on the cylinder wall. The electric speed can be almost completely converted into rotary motion so that the fresh gas roller rotates at high speed. Since the inlet channel is set in the direction of the combustion chamber, the fresh gas reaches the combustion chamber in a defined way even at low engine speeds and can be ignited safely when using gasoline. Experiments with this purge resulted in a steady idling at a very low speed and perfect ignition with every stroke.
- the internal combustion engine according to the invention is much simpler in construction than conventional two-stroke engines, since it has the substructure - crankshaft, oil pan, lubrication - of four-stroke engines and the cylinder wall is only broken through by two openings, one as an outlet slot and the other as a flushing slot.
- a multi-cylinder engine can be manufactured using simple casting technology with narrow cylinder distances.
- This design according to the invention does not provide for optimal flushing out of the burned gases or even mixing of the fresh and residual gases, as in the prior art, in particular in the partial load range.
- the object of the invention is to strictly separate fresh and residual gases from one another in order to achieve a pronounced charge stratification and lean operation even at low partial loads.
- the design according to the invention is the only way to achieve this goal in the simplest way.
- the flow of currents in the rinsing channels is particularly low if, according to an advantageous embodiment of the invention, these are largely rectilinear and taper towards the cylinder. Furthermore, a particularly high rotational speed of the fresh gas roller is achieved by this design.
- a non-return device in the form of a return device is provided between the charging device and the rinsing channel. This can prevent burnt gases from striking back from the cylinder into the charging device.
- check valves can for example be designed as tongue valves known per se, as are common today on the inlet side of some conventional two-stroke engines. They open automatically as soon as the pressure in the cylinder falls below that of the charging device. They can also be so aerodynamically designed that they do not hinder the gas flow and require no additional power.
- a shut-off device driven directly by the internal combustion engine or according to a program can also be provided. It is particularly favorable if the shut-off device is a rotary slide valve.
- the shut-off device is a rotary slide valve.
- Such rotary valves are particularly advantageous in multi-cylinder engines.
- This rotary valve is designed in a known manner so that the fresh gases enter the tube at one end and flow through it to the control openings.
- the rotary valve can be driven by a toothed belt, chain or gear wheels.
- the rotary valve is particularly easy to drive if the rotary valve is arranged parallel to the crankshaft.
- An adjusting element is inserted between the rotary valve and the drive, such as that developed by the Pierburg company for adjusting camshafts.
- the amount of air conveyed is optimally adapted to the particular needs of the engine and a conventional throttle valve can be omitted.
- the adjustment is done fully automatically by an electronic control unit, from which the load, speed, pressure and temperature are processed.
- the control unit can be combined with that for ignition timing and fuel injection, so that the air quantity and air mass are then also available as an influencing variable.
- the replacement of the usual throttle valve by the control edge of the rotary valve ensures that when the rotary valve opening is opened, the full boost pressure always ensures high fresh gas velocity in the overflow channel.
- the electronics can also ensure higher air throughput and, thanks to higher compression work in the cylinder and in the supercharger, for faster braking of the engine speed.
- flushing slot is opened over a larger crank angle than the outlet slot and if the bottom edge of the flushing slot is substantially higher than the top edge of the piston at bottom dead center.
- Overflow slots are shown in Swiss Patent No. 268 279, the upper edges of which are arranged higher than the upper edges of the outlet slots, but this motor cannot run, since such a slot arrangement is only useful with external charging.
- the overflow valve described in the same patent is also pointless, since it is expressly a two-stroke engine with crankcase flushing. Two-stroke engines with crankcase purging rely on the fact that when the piston descends, after opening the overflow slots, burned gas presses into the crankcase and here causes pressure to rise, but it also overflows for later use. Two-stroke engines with a crankcase pump and mechanically uncontrolled overflow work "asymmetrically" anyway when changing the gas and can be deteriorated by the devices shown in patent 268 279 to the point of inability to run independently.
- combustion chamber as an annular channel leads to a structurally simple construction of the internal combustion engine and prevents undesirably high thermal loads.
- combustion chamber can also be designed in the form of a disk or as an intermediate shape.
- the spark plug is provided on the outside of the combustion chamber circumference, since a mixture which is particularly easily ignitable rotates there, so that reliable ignition occurs even at low engine speeds.
- This measure realizes a two-stroke gasoline engine which has the advantages of a conventional two-stroke engine, but does not have the disadvantages of poor efficiency, poor concentricity in the part-load range and a high pollutant content in the exhaust gas.
- the ignition is particularly reliable if, according to another embodiment of the invention, two spark plugs are provided on the outside of the combustion chamber circumference, offset by 180 degrees.
- the rotary valve can also be designed as a balancer shaft.
- the invention permits numerous embodiments. Several of these are shown very schematically in the drawing and are described below. They show in her
- FIG. 1 shows a horizontal section through an internal combustion engine according to the invention, the inlet and outlet channels being tilted into the sectional plane for better understanding
- FIG. 3 shows a section of a cylinder processing in the area of the slots of the cylinder of the internal combustion engine
- FIG. 4 shows a vertical section through a second embodiment of a cylinder of the internal combustion engine according to the invention
- FIG. 5 is a vertical section through a cylinder of the internal combustion engine according to the invention with a rotary valve.
- FIG. 1 shows a cylinder 1 of an internal combustion engine, into which a rectilinear flushing channel 3, which tapers towards the cylinder 1, tangentially leads through a flushing slot 2.
- an outlet slot 4 is provided, via which burned gases leave the cylinder 1 in order to reach the exhaust, not shown, via an outlet channel 5.
- a spark plug 6 is shown in dashed lines, which sits in the cylinder head and is therefore actually not visible in the sectional view.
- a charging device is not shown, from which fresh gas enters the cylinder 1 via the purge channel 3 in order to form a fresh gas roller indicated by an arrow 7.
- FIG. 2 shows that the flushing channel 3 is directed obliquely upwards into the cylinder 1.
- a correspondingly upwardly directed, helically upwardly directed flow is formed, which is oriented along the inner lateral surface of the cylinder 1, which in turn was illustrated by the arrow 7.
- a return device 10 can be seen, which is designed as a tongue valve and has two tongues 11, 12 pointing in the direction of the cylinder 1 and abutting at their ends.
- FIG. 2 Also shown in FIG. 2 is a piston 13, which in the lowest position shown is located with its upper edge 14 below the flushing slot 2, into which the flushing channel 3 opens.
- the flushing slot 2 is arranged higher than the outlet slot 4, so that both its upper edge 15 and its lower edge
- combustion chamber 19 is designed as an annular channel.
- a rotary slide valve 21 is arranged in the rinsing channel 3 parallel to the crankshaft, not shown. This rotary valve 21 is driven by the crankshaft and controls the incoming purge gas via a control opening 22. It can also be seen that in this embodiment too, the flushing slot 2 is arranged higher than the outlet slot 4. Shown and positioned in FIG. 5 are the outlet channel 5 and the piston 13 with the piston top edge 14, which in the piston position shown in the lower position Dead center is located.
Landscapes
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
- Combustion Methods Of Internal-Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
- Output Control And Ontrol Of Special Type Engine (AREA)
Description
Claims
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT87900055T ATE55173T1 (de) | 1985-12-23 | 1986-12-15 | Nach dem zweitaktverfahren arbeitende verbrennungskraftmaschine. |
Applications Claiming Priority (4)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE8536426U | 1985-12-23 | ||
DE8536426 | 1985-12-23 | ||
DE3618797 | 1986-06-04 | ||
DE3618797 | 1986-06-04 |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0250497A1 true EP0250497A1 (de) | 1988-01-07 |
EP0250497B1 EP0250497B1 (de) | 1990-08-01 |
Family
ID=25844338
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP87900055A Expired - Lifetime EP0250497B1 (de) | 1985-12-23 | 1986-12-15 | Nach dem zweitaktverfahren arbeitende verbrennungskraftmaschine |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4815420A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0250497B1 (de) |
DE (1) | DE3673163D1 (de) |
WO (1) | WO1987003931A1 (de) |
Families Citing this family (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE4219236A1 (de) * | 1992-06-12 | 1993-12-16 | Christian Bartsch | Nach dem Otto- oder Dieselverfahren arbeitende Zweitakt-Verbrennungskraftmaschine |
US6564759B2 (en) * | 2001-08-28 | 2003-05-20 | Homelite Technologies, Inc. | Injection port for internal combustion engine |
US7059440B1 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2006-06-13 | Polaris Industries Inc. | Snowmobile |
US6796395B1 (en) | 2001-09-07 | 2004-09-28 | Polaris Industries Inc. | Snowmobile |
CA2411311A1 (en) * | 2002-11-07 | 2004-05-07 | Arctic Cat, Inc. | Vehicle with inclined engine |
Family Cites Families (24)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US1429078A (en) * | 1920-03-30 | 1922-09-12 | Hutchinson Job | Two-cycle internal-combustion engine |
GB179628A (en) * | 1921-02-07 | 1922-05-08 | Achille Macchioni | Improvements in or relating to two stroke cycle internal combustion engines for actuating locomotives and the like |
US1688767A (en) * | 1921-06-24 | 1928-10-23 | Webb Cecil | Internal-combustion engine |
US1605381A (en) * | 1923-03-22 | 1926-11-02 | Int Motor Co | Combustion chamber for internal-combustion engines |
FR628587A (fr) * | 1926-04-12 | 1927-10-26 | Perfectionnements aux moteurs à combustion interne à deux temps | |
US1750201A (en) * | 1927-07-23 | 1930-03-11 | Gardner A B Spencer | Two-cycle engine |
US1952275A (en) * | 1929-12-02 | 1934-03-27 | Fried Krupp Germaniawerft Ag | Internal-combustion engine |
US2071125A (en) * | 1930-05-29 | 1937-02-16 | White Motor Co | Internal combustion engine |
CH154285A (de) * | 1931-01-07 | 1932-04-30 | Sulzer Ag | Zylinder für Zweitakt-Brennkraftmaschinen. |
US2075232A (en) * | 1932-10-24 | 1937-03-30 | Fairbanks Morse & Co | Method and means for scavenging |
US2111282A (en) * | 1934-06-07 | 1938-03-15 | Packard Motor Car Co | Internal combustion engine |
GB464750A (en) * | 1935-10-14 | 1937-04-23 | Messerschmitt Boelkow Blohm | Improvements in and relating to the scavenging and charging of the cylinders of two-stroke internal combustion engines |
US2110754A (en) * | 1935-11-30 | 1938-03-08 | Alston Charles Henry Thomas | Combustion engine |
US2169652A (en) * | 1937-12-20 | 1939-08-15 | Ljungstrom Olof | Internal combustion engine |
US2504243A (en) * | 1946-09-18 | 1950-04-18 | Nordberg Manufacturing Co | Control for internal-combustion engines |
NL84721C (de) * | 1950-04-28 | 1900-01-01 | ||
US2724372A (en) * | 1952-08-05 | 1955-11-22 | Fairbanks Morse & Co | Engine cylinder scavenging |
US2840062A (en) * | 1955-05-17 | 1958-06-24 | Raymond J Classen | Internal combustion engine system |
US3203409A (en) * | 1963-07-09 | 1965-08-31 | Georgia Tech Res Inst | Apparatus for controlling the air taken into the combustion chambers of a spark ignition internal combustion engine |
US3815558A (en) * | 1972-08-07 | 1974-06-11 | W Tenney | Scavenge porting system |
DE2620408A1 (de) * | 1976-05-08 | 1977-11-24 | Turner Research Inc | Verbrennungsmotor |
JPS5632036A (en) * | 1979-08-22 | 1981-04-01 | Yamaha Motor Co Ltd | Combustion chamber for two-stroke-cycle gasoline engine |
SU1174576A1 (ru) * | 1983-08-23 | 1985-08-23 | Минский Мотоциклетный И Велосипедный Завод | Двигатель внутреннего сгорани |
FR2566459B1 (fr) * | 1984-06-20 | 1988-01-29 | Hazera Patrick | Procede d'amelioration du fonctionnement d'un moteur a combustion interne et moteur a combustion interne a fonctionnement ameliore et structure simplifiee |
-
1986
- 1986-12-15 WO PCT/DE1986/000511 patent/WO1987003931A1/de active IP Right Grant
- 1986-12-15 DE DE8787900055T patent/DE3673163D1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-12-15 EP EP87900055A patent/EP0250497B1/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
-
1987
- 1987-08-24 US US07/088,345 patent/US4815420A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Non-Patent Citations (1)
Title |
---|
See references of WO8703931A1 * |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
US4815420A (en) | 1989-03-28 |
EP0250497B1 (de) | 1990-08-01 |
WO1987003931A1 (en) | 1987-07-02 |
DE3673163D1 (de) | 1990-09-06 |
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