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EP0238516A1 - Electric power converter - Google Patents

Electric power converter

Info

Publication number
EP0238516A1
EP0238516A1 EP86905180A EP86905180A EP0238516A1 EP 0238516 A1 EP0238516 A1 EP 0238516A1 EP 86905180 A EP86905180 A EP 86905180A EP 86905180 A EP86905180 A EP 86905180A EP 0238516 A1 EP0238516 A1 EP 0238516A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
power converter
actuator
winding
electrical power
control
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86905180A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Inventor
André Kislovski
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Hasler AG
Original Assignee
Hasler AG
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Hasler AG filed Critical Hasler AG
Publication of EP0238516A1 publication Critical patent/EP0238516A1/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • G—PHYSICS
    • G05—CONTROLLING; REGULATING
    • G05F—SYSTEMS FOR REGULATING ELECTRIC OR MAGNETIC VARIABLES
    • G05F1/00—Automatic systems in which deviations of an electric quantity from one or more predetermined values are detected at the output of the system and fed back to a device within the system to restore the detected quantity to its predetermined value or values, i.e. retroactive systems
    • G05F1/10—Regulating voltage or current 
    • G05F1/12—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is AC
    • G05F1/24—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is AC using bucking or boosting transformers as final control devices
    • G05F1/26—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is AC using bucking or boosting transformers as final control devices combined with discharge tubes or semiconductor devices
    • G05F1/30—Regulating voltage or current  wherein the variable actually regulated by the final control device is AC using bucking or boosting transformers as final control devices combined with discharge tubes or semiconductor devices semiconductor devices only
    • H—ELECTRICITY
    • H02—GENERATION; CONVERSION OR DISTRIBUTION OF ELECTRIC POWER
    • H02P—CONTROL OR REGULATION OF ELECTRIC MOTORS, ELECTRIC GENERATORS OR DYNAMO-ELECTRIC CONVERTERS; CONTROLLING TRANSFORMERS, REACTORS OR CHOKE COILS
    • H02P13/00—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output
    • H02P13/12—Arrangements for controlling transformers, reactors or choke coils, for the purpose of obtaining a desired output by varying magnetic bias

Definitions

  • the invention relates to an electrical power converter according to the preamble of claim 1.
  • Electrical power converters are used to convert and provide electrical power to a consumer when in the source of the electrical power, e.g. the 50 Hz alternating current network or a solar cell battery, the electrical variables such as voltage, frequency etc. do not meet the needs of the consumer.
  • the source of the electrical power e.g. the 50 Hz alternating current network or a solar cell battery
  • the electrical variables such as voltage, frequency etc. do not meet the needs of the consumer.
  • Every mains transformer corresponds to a power converter.
  • the output variables e.g. the output voltage, controlled or regulated.
  • Such power converters are mainly controlled by pulse width modulation or, in the case of resonance cells, by frequency variation.
  • Important secondary conditions must be taken into account regularly, such as switch-on and switch-off behavior, short-circuit protection, dynamic control behavior in the event of sudden load changes, etc. These secondary conditions and their control are often decisive for the technical and economic value of a power converter.
  • the object of the invention is to provide a new class of electrical power converters which, while basically maintaining the switching principle, has significantly improved control properties.
  • Fig. 1 Schematic representation of a controlled electrical
  • FIG. 2 Schematic representation of a regulated power converter
  • FIG. 1 shows a first, very schematic and basically known block diagram of an electrical power converter 10, which brings energy from any power source 11 to a consumer 12, which is also arbitrary.
  • Possible power sources 11 are the general 50 Hz alternating current network, a DC voltage source fed from this network, ie a mains rectifier with smoothing filter, a rechargeable accumulator, a buffered solar cell battery, etc., as a possible consumer 12 preferably an electrical or electronic circuit device, for example an oscillograph .
  • the power converter 10 comprises an isolating or power transformer 13 which on the one hand galvanically separates the primary side of the converter 10 from its secondary side and on the other hand transforms an alternating current i from a primary-side voltage level to a secondary-side voltage level.
  • the power converter 10 further comprises an actuator 14 via which the power output to the consumer 12 can be adjusted by means of a suitable manipulated variable 15.
  • the alternating current i advantageously has a frequency w which is at least 1 kHz because of the size of the transformer 13 and at least 15 kHz because of the acoustic audibility.
  • the frequency is limited to approximately 100 kHz due to the current material and circuit properties of the actuator 14 and the transformer 13. However, this value will soon increase to 1 MHz.
  • the shape of the alternating current i can be sinusoidal or as a chopped direct current in the voltage should be rectangular. Other forms are less common, but are quite possible.
  • FIG. 1 represents an arrangement controlled by the manipulated variable 15.
  • FIG. 2 shows a regulated arrangement.
  • the power converter 10 is supplemented by a sensor 20, which for example measures the voltage of the current supplied to the consumer 12 on the secondary side, and by a controller 21, which obtains a manipulated variable 24 from the measured variable 22 of the sensor 20 and an externally inputable desired variable 23 and this feeds the actuator 14.
  • the actuator 14 is an inductive resistor, the inductance L of which can be varied within a wide range, ie at least in a ratio of 1: 100, electrically, ie by means of a control current I.
  • This inductive resistor is connected in series with the power transformer 13, preferably with the primary winding of the transformer 13.
  • the characteristic corresponds exactly to that of a normal choke coil.
  • the actuator 14 thus influences only the amplitude of the Alternating current in such a way that, in the sense of a voltage divider, a proportion of the respectively existing voltage at the actuator 14 or at the transformer 13 corresponding to the respective ratio of the reactance of the actuator 14 and the transformer winding 13 drops. No distortion occurs here, which means that the spectrum of the Fourier decomposition of the voltage remains constant. This is the decisive, advantageous difference to, for example, pulse width modulation, in which a different voltage spectrum is assigned to each pulse width.
  • the actuator is preferably constructed from two identical, ferromagnetic, radio-frequency-compatible, coaxially arranged, cylindrical or better toroidal ring cores 111, 112, in particular ferrite cores (shown in section), each of which essentially has a partial winding 151 over its entire angular range or 152 the same number of turns is wound.
  • These partial windings have opposite winding senses and, connected in series, form an induction winding 150 through which alternating current i flows.
  • control winding 17 which is wound together in a second operation via the coaxially combined cores 111, 112 and their partial windings 151, 152, also uniformly over the entire angular range, as a result of which it mechanically holds the cores 111 and 112 together.
  • the control winding 117 has the control current I flowing through it, the same pre-magnetization of the ring cores 111 and 112 for the induction winding 150 each sets an assigned inductance value L. Due to the geometry of the actuator 14 described, this inductance is constant for alternating currents i with not too high voltage amplitudes, so it always behaves like a normal choke coil with a corresponding inductance value L.
  • FIG. 4 shows a symbolic representation of the actuator 14, the reference numbers corresponding to those of FIG. 3.
  • the electrical isolation of the induction winding 150 and the control winding 117 appears clearly in this illustration. It is not shown that instead of an induction winding 150 and / or a control winding 117, two or more corresponding windings can also be provided without further notice.
  • FIG. 5 shows a more detailed block diagram of a first embodiment of an electrical power converter 10, namely an AC / AC converter (AC: alternating current).
  • the converter 10 only comprises an actuator 14 and a transformer 13.
  • the inductance winding 150 is connected in series with the primary winding 13.1 of the transformer 13 and is connected together with this to an AC power source 11, for example a sine wave oscillator.
  • the secondary winding 13.2 feeds the ohmic consumer 12, for example.
  • the control winding 117 is connected to a controller 30 designed as a variable current source, which outputs an adjustable control current I.
  • This power converter works as Transformer with variable output voltage, i.e. as an electrically controlled control transformer.
  • the actuator 14 of the power converter 10 has two control windings 117.1 and 117.2.
  • the power transformer 13 has the same design as the actuator 14 and has a control winding 117.3 and two induction windings 150.2 and 150.3, of which one (150.2) serves as the primary winding and the other (150.3) serves as the secondary winding of the transformer 13.
  • the control winding 117.1 of the actuator 14 is connected to a constant current source 31 which emits such a large, constant current j that the ring cores 111 and 112 of the actuator are magnetically saturated.
  • the other control winding 117.2 of the actuator 14 is connected in series with the control winding 117.3 of the transformer 13 to the controller 30 so that its control current I demagnetizes the ring cores 111 and 112 in opposition to the current j more or less and the ring cores of the Transformer 13 magnetized accordingly.
  • the inductance L s of the actuator 14 decreases when the inductance Lj of the transformer 13 increases and vice versa.
  • the reactance wL of the two elements thus changes in opposite directions, which results in an increased potentiometric effect compared to the arrangement of FIG. 5 with a correspondingly improved possibility of regulating the secondary voltage supplied to the consumer 12 and the current coupled therewith.
  • Fig. "7 is a further electrical power converter, namely a DC / DC converter (DC: direct current, DC)
  • the converter comprises two switching transistors 41, 42, the fixed-frequency, eg 100 kHz, the current of a direct current source 11. chop and alternately charge two capacitors 43 and 44 via the induction winding 150 of the actuator 14 and the primary winding 13.1 of the power transformer 13 connected in series therewith.
  • the alternating current i occurring here is transformed from the primary winding 13.1 to the secondary winding 13.2 of the transformer 13, rectified via diodes 48, 49 and supplied to the consumer 12, for example an electronic circuit.
  • a capacitor 51 is used for smoothing, diodes 52, 53 in parallel with the transistors 41, 42 for their protection. Fluctuations in consumption and fluctuations in the power source 11 are varied by changing the reactance of the actuator 14.
  • a controller 30 and its control current I through the control winding 117 of the actuator 14 are used for this purpose.
  • FIG. 8 shows a modification of the power converter from FIG. 7, in which the capacitors 43 and 44 are formed by two further switching transistors 55, 56 and these parallel protective diodes 58, 59 are replaced.
  • the series connection of the inductance winding 150 and the primary winding 13.1 is in the bridge branch of a switching bridge formed by the switching transistors 41, 42, 55, 56.
  • the transistors are alternately switched on and off by a switching control, not shown, in a fixed cycle, as a result of which the DC voltage of the source 11 is chopped and the switching bridge is alternately flowed through in one and the other direction by the current i, the current strength being the reactance of the actuating element ⁇ member 14 is adjustable or controllable.
  • FIG. 9 shows a further power converter which converts the power of an AC voltage source 11 into a regulated DC voltage of changing polarity, that is to say an AC / AC converter.
  • the inductance winding 150 of the actuator 14 is in turn connected in series with the primary winding 13.1 of the power transformer 13 and connected to the source 11.
  • An electronic polarity changeover switch is connected to the secondary winding 13.2 of the transformer 13, as is known, for example, from PU Lind, "Four quadrant bilateral power converter", Proc. of Powerconversion, (Sept. 1982).
  • This switch has four switching transistors 62 to 65, which charge a capacitor 67 via a filter choke 66, to which the load 12 is connected.
  • the changeover switch rectifies the transformed AC voltage in time with the AC voltage source 11 with very low losses.
  • the power regulation takes place again via the control current I, which is output by a controller 30 to the control winding 117 of the actuator 14.
  • the respective control 30 can easily be replaced by a regulation in the sense of FIG. 2. This is even the preferred embodiment, since power converters generally have to meet very high control requirements.
  • the new type of actuator 14 offers excellent possibilities for improving the control properties, which are listed below.
  • All power converters 10 shown basically work at a constant frequency of the alternating current i. This is beneficial in several ways. However, in addition to controlling the inductance L of the actuator 14, e.g. to compensate for short-term transients, also to vary the frequency w of the alternating current i, which causes an additional change in the reactance wL of the actuator 14.
  • the switch-on, switch-off and short-circuit behavior of the power converter 10 is very good, since the alternating current i can never rise beyond impermissible values due to the reactance of the actuator 14 which is always present. If the control current I fails, the reactance increases automatically, which is a positive safety aspect. In the case of secondary shorts, which corresponds to an arbitrarily large consumer power, the reactance of the actuator can be brought to a maximum value by switching off the control current I. In addition, the reactance can be increased by increasing the frequency of the alternating current i.
  • the power converters 10 have all the properties of a current source. This eliminates difficulties which are caused in other converters, for example pulse-width-controlled converters, by the so-called recovery time t rr of the rectifier diodes. The relief networks used to overcome these difficulties are therefore not necessary.
  • control current I The regulation of the reactance of the actuator 14 via the control current I is galvanically isolated from the controlled current i.
  • a plurality of control currents can be used independently of one another via a plurality of control windings 117.
  • the actuator is mechanically, electrically, magnetically and thermally robust. It can be manufactured relatively cheaply in any size and adapted to the respective needs. Its use does not require any special precautionary measures.
  • control current I The setting of the control current I to that value which corresponds to the desired reactance is simple and by known means, e.g. a transistor amplifier, noticeable.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Electromagnetism (AREA)
  • General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Radar, Positioning & Navigation (AREA)
  • Automation & Control Theory (AREA)
  • Inverter Devices (AREA)
  • Dc-Dc Converters (AREA)

Abstract

Le convertisseur de puissance (10) sert à la préparation d'une puissance électrique pour un utilisateur (12), la puissance étant tirée d'une source de puissance (11) et adaptée quant aux grandeurs électriques aux besoins de l'utilisateur (12). Le convertisseur (10) comporte dans sa version la plus simple exclusivement un transformateur (13) et une résistance inductive connectée en série avec ce dernier et formant un organe de réglage (14). Cet organe (14) est constitué de deux noyaux en ferrite (111, 112) en forme d'anneaux fermés, identiques disposés coaxialement et qui sont entourés chacun d'une des parties d'un enroulement (150) d'induction et ensemble d'un enroulement de commande (117). Celui-ci est relié à une commande (30) qui règle à l'aide d'un courant (I) de commande la valeur de l'inductance propre L de l'organe de réglage (14) pouvant être variée dans une gamme étendue (1:100). L'organe de réglage (14) agit par son inductance propre L correspondante sur le courant alternatif (i) circulant dans son enroulement d'induction (150) à la manière d'une bobine de réactance de même inductance propre L, c'est-à-dire sans distorsion. La connexion en série de l'organe de réglage (14) et du transformateur (13) exerce ainsi sur le courant alternatif (i) l'effet d'un simple diviseur de tension réglable électriquement.The power converter (10) is used for the preparation of electric power for a user (12), the power being drawn from a power source (11) and adapted in terms of electric magnitudes to the needs of the user (12). ). The converter (10) comprises in its simplest version exclusively a transformer (13) and an inductive resistor connected in series with the latter and forming an adjustment member (14). This member (14) consists of two ferrite cores (111, 112) in the form of closed, identical rings arranged coaxially and which are each surrounded by one of the parts of an induction winding (150) and set of 'a control winding (117). This is connected to a control (30) which regulates with the aid of a control current (I) the value of the own inductance L of the adjustment member (14) which can be varied within a wide range. (1: 100). The adjustment member (14) acts by its corresponding own inductance L on the alternating current (i) flowing in its induction winding (150) in the manner of a reactance coil of the same own inductance L, that is that is, without distortion. The series connection of the adjustment member (14) and of the transformer (13) thus exerts on the alternating current (i) the effect of a simple electrically adjustable voltage divider.

Description

Elektrischer LeistungswandlerElectrical power converter
Die Erfindung betrifft einen elektrischen Leistungswandler entsprechend dem Oberbegriff von Anspruch 1.The invention relates to an electrical power converter according to the preamble of claim 1.
Elektrische Leistungswandler dienen zum Umwandeln und zum Bereitstellen einer elektrischen Leistung für einen Verbraucher, wenn in der Quelle der elektrischen Leistung, z.B. dem 50-Hz-WechselStromnetz oder einer Solarzellenbatterie, die elektrischen Grossen wie Spannung, Frequenz usw. nicht den Bedürfnissen des Verbrauchers entsprechen. In diesemElectrical power converters are used to convert and provide electrical power to a consumer when in the source of the electrical power, e.g. the 50 Hz alternating current network or a solar cell battery, the electrical variables such as voltage, frequency etc. do not meet the needs of the consumer. In this
Sinne entspricht jeder Netztransformator einem Leistungswandler. Im engeren Sinn spricht man von Leistungswandlern, wenn die Ausgangsgrössen, z.B. die Ausgangsspannung, gesteuert oder geregelt sind.Every mains transformer corresponds to a power converter. In the narrower sense, one speaks of power converters if the output variables, e.g. the output voltage, controlled or regulated.
Elektrische Leistungswandler sind von wenigen Watt Leistung bis zu hunderten von Kilowatt bekannt und arbeiten nach einer ganzen Reihe von verschiedenen Prinzipien. Im letzten Jahrzehnt hat sich das Schaltprinzip in verschiedenen Varianten sehr stark durchgesetzt, insbesondere für die Speisung elektronischer Geräte mittlerer Leistung; dies aufgrund eines hohen Wirkungsgrades und geringer Baugrösse.Electrical power converters are known from a few watts of power to hundreds of kilowatts and work according to a whole range of different principles. In the last decade, the switching principle has become very popular in various versions, especially for the supply of electronic devices of medium power; this is due to its high efficiency and small size.
Die Regelung solcher Leistungswandler erfolgt vorwiegend durch Pulsbreitenmodulation oder bei Resonanzzellen durch Frequenzvariation. Hierbei sind regelmässig wichtige Nebenbedingungen zu berücksichtigen wie Ein- und Ausschaltverhalten, Kurzschlusssicherheit, dynamisches Regelverhalten bei sprunghaften Laständerungen usw. Diese Nebenbedingungen und ihre Beherrschung sind oftmals entscheidend für den technischen und wirtschaftlichen Wert eines Leistungswandlers. Die Aufgabe der Erfindung besteht darin, eine neue Klasse von elektrischen Leistungswandlern anzugeben, die bei grundsätzlicher Beibehaltung des Schaltprinzips wesentlich verbesserte Regeleigenschaften besitzt.Such power converters are mainly controlled by pulse width modulation or, in the case of resonance cells, by frequency variation. Important secondary conditions must be taken into account regularly, such as switch-on and switch-off behavior, short-circuit protection, dynamic control behavior in the event of sudden load changes, etc. These secondary conditions and their control are often decisive for the technical and economic value of a power converter. The object of the invention is to provide a new class of electrical power converters which, while basically maintaining the switching principle, has significantly improved control properties.
Diese Aufgabe wird gelöst entsprechend dem kennzeichnenden Teil von Anspruch 1 und unter Verwendung eines neuen Bauelements, wie es in Anspruch 2 und in einer von der vorliegenden Anmeldung unabhängigen, bisher unveröffentlichten Patentanmeldung eingehend beschrieben ist (PCT/CH86/00119).This object is achieved in accordance with the characterizing part of claim 1 and using a new component as described in detail in claim 2 and in a previously unpublished patent application which is independent of the present application (PCT / CH86 / 00119).
Im folgenden wird die Erfindung anhand von neun Figuren beispielsweise eingehend geschildert. Hierbei wird an verschiedenen Stellen auf denThe invention is described in detail below, for example, with reference to nine figures. Here is in different places on the
Stand der Technik hingewiesen. Es zeigen:State of the art pointed out. Show it:
Fig. 1 - Schematische Darstellung eines gesteuerten elektrischenFig. 1 - Schematic representation of a controlled electrical
LeistungswandlersPower converter
Fig. 2 - Schematische Darstellung eines geregelten LeistungswandlersFig. 2 - Schematic representation of a regulated power converter
Fig. 3 - Schnittzeichnung eines StellgliedesFig. 3 - sectional drawing of an actuator
Fig. 4 - Symbolische Darstellung des StellgliedesFig. 4 - Symbolic representation of the actuator
Fig. 5 bis 9 - Blockschaltbild verschiedener Ausführungsformen elektrischer Leistungswandler. Fig. 1 zeigt ein erstes, sehr schematisches und im Grunde bekanntes Blockschaltbild eines elektrischen Leistungswandlers 10, der Energie von einer beliebigen Leistungsquelle 11 zu einem ebenfalls beliebigen Verbraucher 12 bringt. Als mögliche Leistungsquelle 11 seien das allgemeine 50-Hz-WechselStromnetz, eine aus diesem Netz gespeiste Gleichspannungsquelle, d.h. ein Netzgleichrichter mit Glättungsfilter, ein wiederaufladbarer Akkumulator, eine gepufferte Solarzellenbatterie u.a. genannt, als möglicher Verbraucher 12 bevorzugt eine elektrische oder elektronische Schaltungseinrichtung, z.B. ein Oszillograf.5 to 9 - block diagram of various embodiments of electrical power converters. 1 shows a first, very schematic and basically known block diagram of an electrical power converter 10, which brings energy from any power source 11 to a consumer 12, which is also arbitrary. Possible power sources 11 are the general 50 Hz alternating current network, a DC voltage source fed from this network, ie a mains rectifier with smoothing filter, a rechargeable accumulator, a buffered solar cell battery, etc., as a possible consumer 12 preferably an electrical or electronic circuit device, for example an oscillograph .
Der Leistungswandler 10 umfasst einen Trenn- oder Leistungstransformator 13, der zum einen die Primärseite des Wandlers 10 galvanisch von seiner Sekundärseite trennt, und der zum anderen einem Wechselstrom i von einem primärseitigen Spannungsniveau auf ein sekundärseitiges Spannungsniveau transformiert. Der Leistungswandler 10 umfasst weiter ein Stellgl ed 14, über das mittels einer geeigneten Stellgrösse 15 die an den Verbraucher 12 abgegebene Leistung einstellbar ist.The power converter 10 comprises an isolating or power transformer 13 which on the one hand galvanically separates the primary side of the converter 10 from its secondary side and on the other hand transforms an alternating current i from a primary-side voltage level to a secondary-side voltage level. The power converter 10 further comprises an actuator 14 via which the power output to the consumer 12 can be adjusted by means of a suitable manipulated variable 15.
Der Wechselstrom i weist vorteilhaft eine Frequenz w auf, die wegen der Baugrösse des Transformators 13 wenigstens 1 kHz, und wegen der akustischen Hörbarkeit wenigstens 15 kHz beträgt. Nach oben ist die Frequenz wegen der heutigen Material- und Schaltungseigenschaften des Stellgliedes 14 und des Transformators 13 auf etwa 100 kHz beschränkt. Jedoch dürfte sich dieser Wert schon bald auf 1 MHz erhöhen. Die Form des Wechselstromes i kann sinusförmig oder als zerhackter Gleichstrom in der Spannung rechteckförmig sein. Andere Formen sind zwar weniger üblich, jedoch durchaus möglich.The alternating current i advantageously has a frequency w which is at least 1 kHz because of the size of the transformer 13 and at least 15 kHz because of the acoustic audibility. The frequency is limited to approximately 100 kHz due to the current material and circuit properties of the actuator 14 and the transformer 13. However, this value will soon increase to 1 MHz. The shape of the alternating current i can be sinusoidal or as a chopped direct current in the voltage should be rectangular. Other forms are less common, but are quite possible.
Die Anordnung nach Fig. 1 stellt insgesamt eine über die Stellgrösse 15 gesteuerte Anordnung dar. Fig. 2 zeigt dem gegenüber eine geregelte Anordnung. Bei dieser ist der Leistungswandler 10 ergänzt durch einen Sensor 20, der beispielsweise die Spannung des sekundärseitig an den Verbraucher 12 abgegebenen Stromes misst, und durch einen Regler 21, der aus der Messgrösse 22 des Sensors 20 und einer extern eingebbaren Sollgrösse 23 eine Stellgrösse 24 gewinnt und diese dem Stellglied 14 zuführt.The arrangement according to FIG. 1 represents an arrangement controlled by the manipulated variable 15. FIG. 2 shows a regulated arrangement. In this case, the power converter 10 is supplemented by a sensor 20, which for example measures the voltage of the current supplied to the consumer 12 on the secondary side, and by a controller 21, which obtains a manipulated variable 24 from the measured variable 22 of the sensor 20 and an externally inputable desired variable 23 and this feeds the actuator 14.
Aus der Regelungstechnik ist bekannt, wo und wie weitere Sensoren 20 angeordnet sein können, wie der Regler 21 aufgebaut ist und wie die Einheiten 20, 21 und 14 prinzipiell als Regelkreis zusammenarbeiten.It is known from control engineering where and how further sensors 20 can be arranged, how the controller 21 is constructed and how the units 20, 21 and 14 basically work together as a control loop.
Das Stellglied 14 ist im Unterschied zu allen bekannten Leistungswandlern 10 ein induktiver Widerstand, dessen Induktivität L elektrisch, d.h. durch einen Steuerstrom I, in weiten Grenzen, d.h. wenigstens im Verhältnis 1:100, variierbar ist. Dieser induktive Widerstand ist in Reihe mit dem Leistungstransformator 13, und zwar bevorzugt mit der Primärwicklung des Transformators 13, geschaltet. Seine Eigenschaft entspricht, abgesehen von der Möglichkeit der elektrischen Variierbarkeit seiner Induktivität und damit seiner Reaktanz wL, vollkommen derjenigen einer normalen Drosselspule. Das Stellglied 14 beeinflusst damit ausschliesslich die Amplitude des Wechselstromes und zwar so, dass im Sinne eines Spannungsteilers ein dem jeweiligen Verhältnis der Reaktanz von Stellglied 14 und Transformatorwicklung 13 entsprechender Anteil der jeweils vorliegenden Spannung am Stellglied 14 bzw. am Transformator 13 abfällt. Hierbei tritt keine Verzerrung auf, was bedeutet, dass das Spektrum der Fourierzerlegung der Spannung konstant bleibt. Dies ist der entscheidende, vorteilhafte Unterschied zur z.B. Pulsbreitenmodulation,, bei der jeder Pulsbreite ein anderes Spannungsspektrum zugeordnet ist.In contrast to all known power converters 10, the actuator 14 is an inductive resistor, the inductance L of which can be varied within a wide range, ie at least in a ratio of 1: 100, electrically, ie by means of a control current I. This inductive resistor is connected in series with the power transformer 13, preferably with the primary winding of the transformer 13. Apart from the possibility of electrical variability of its inductance and thus its reactance wL, its characteristic corresponds exactly to that of a normal choke coil. The actuator 14 thus influences only the amplitude of the Alternating current in such a way that, in the sense of a voltage divider, a proportion of the respectively existing voltage at the actuator 14 or at the transformer 13 corresponding to the respective ratio of the reactance of the actuator 14 and the transformer winding 13 drops. No distortion occurs here, which means that the spectrum of the Fourier decomposition of the voltage remains constant. This is the decisive, advantageous difference to, for example, pulse width modulation, in which a different voltage spectrum is assigned to each pulse width.
Ein als Stellglied 14 verwendbarer induktiver Widerstand mit den geschilderten Eigenschaften ist in der genannten unabhängigen, bisher unveröffentlichten Patentanmeldung eingehend beschrieben. Das Stellglied ist entsprechend Fig. 3 bevorzugt aufgebaut aus zwei gleichen, ferromagnetischen, hochfrequenztauglichen, koaxial angeordneten, zylindrischen oder besser toroidalen Ringkernen 111, 112, insbesondere Ferritkernen (geschnitten dargestellt), von denen jeder im wesentlichen über seinen gesamten Winkelbereich gleichmässig mit einer Teilwicklung 151 bzw. 152 gleicher Windungszahl umwickelt ist. Diese Teilwicklungen haben entgegengesetzten Wicklungssinn und bilden in Reihe geschaltet eine Induktionswicklung 150, die vom Wechselstrom i durchflössen wird. Hierzu kommt eine Steuerwicklung.17, die in einem zweiten Arbeitsgang gemeinsam über die koaxial zusammengefassten Kerne 111, 112 und deren TeilWicklungen 151, 152 gewickelt ist, ebenfalls gleichmässig über den gesamten Winkelbereich, wodurch sie im Nebeneffekt die Kerne 111 und 112 mechanisch zusammenhält. Die Steuerwicklung 117 wird vom erwähnten Steuerstrom I durchflössen, wobei sich durch die jeweils zugeordnete, gleiche Vormagnetisierung der Ringkeren 111 und 112 für die Induktionswicklung 150 jeweils ein zugeordneter Induktivitäswert L einstellt. Aufgrund der beschriebenen Geometrie des Stellgliedes 14 ist diese Induktivität für Wechselströme i mit nicht zu hohen Spannungsamplituden konstant, benimmt sich also stets wie eine normale Drosselspule mit jeweils entsprechendem Induktivitätswert L.An inductive resistor which can be used as an actuator 14 and has the properties described is described in detail in the aforementioned independent, previously unpublished patent application. According to FIG. 3, the actuator is preferably constructed from two identical, ferromagnetic, radio-frequency-compatible, coaxially arranged, cylindrical or better toroidal ring cores 111, 112, in particular ferrite cores (shown in section), each of which essentially has a partial winding 151 over its entire angular range or 152 the same number of turns is wound. These partial windings have opposite winding senses and, connected in series, form an induction winding 150 through which alternating current i flows. In addition, there is a control winding 17, which is wound together in a second operation via the coaxially combined cores 111, 112 and their partial windings 151, 152, also uniformly over the entire angular range, as a result of which it mechanically holds the cores 111 and 112 together. The control winding 117 has the control current I flowing through it, the same pre-magnetization of the ring cores 111 and 112 for the induction winding 150 each sets an assigned inductance value L. Due to the geometry of the actuator 14 described, this inductance is constant for alternating currents i with not too high voltage amplitudes, so it always behaves like a normal choke coil with a corresponding inductance value L.
Fig. 4 zeigt eine symbolische Darstellung des Stellgliedes 14, wobei die Referenzzahlen denen von Fig. 3 entsprechen. In dieser Darstellung erscheint deutlich die galvanische Trennung der Induktionswicklung 150 und der Steuerwicklung 117. Nicht gezeigt ist, dass statt einer Induktionswicklung 150 und/oder einer Steuerwicklung 117 ohne weiteres auch zwei oder mehr entsprechende Wicklungen vorgesehen sein können.FIG. 4 shows a symbolic representation of the actuator 14, the reference numbers corresponding to those of FIG. 3. The electrical isolation of the induction winding 150 and the control winding 117 appears clearly in this illustration. It is not shown that instead of an induction winding 150 and / or a control winding 117, two or more corresponding windings can also be provided without further notice.
Fig. 5 zeigt ein detaillierteres Blockschaltbild einer ersten Ausführungsform eines elektrischen Leistungswandlers 10, und zwar eines AC/AC-Wandlers (AC: alternating current, Wechselstrom). Der Wandler 10 umfasst einzig ein Stellglied 14 und einen Transformator 13. Die Induktivitätswicklung 150 ist in Reihe mit der Primärwicklung 13.1 des Transformators 13 geschaltet und zusammen mit dieser an eine Wechselstromquelle 11, beispielsweise einen Sinusoszillator, angeschlossen. Die Sekundärwicklung 13.2 speist den z.B. ohmischen Verbraucher 12. Die Steuerwicklung 117 ist an eine als variierbare Stromquelle ausgebildete Steuerung 30 angeschlossen, die einen einstellbaren Steuerstrom I abgibt. Dieser Leistungswandler arbeitet als Transformator mit variierbarer Ausgangsspannung, also als elektrisch gesteuerter Regeltransformator.FIG. 5 shows a more detailed block diagram of a first embodiment of an electrical power converter 10, namely an AC / AC converter (AC: alternating current). The converter 10 only comprises an actuator 14 and a transformer 13. The inductance winding 150 is connected in series with the primary winding 13.1 of the transformer 13 and is connected together with this to an AC power source 11, for example a sine wave oscillator. The secondary winding 13.2 feeds the ohmic consumer 12, for example. The control winding 117 is connected to a controller 30 designed as a variable current source, which outputs an adjustable control current I. This power converter works as Transformer with variable output voltage, i.e. as an electrically controlled control transformer.
Vertauscht man in Fig. 5 die Leistungsquelle 11 und den Verbraucher 12, so liegen die Sekundärwicklung des Transformators 13 und das Stellglied 14 in Reihe. Auch hierbei ergibt sich die Wirkung eines Regeltransformators.If the power source 11 and the consumer 12 are interchanged in FIG. 5, the secondary winding of the transformer 13 and the actuator 14 are in series. The effect of a regulating transformer also results here.
Fig. 6 zeigt eine weitere Variante des beschriebenen AC/AC-Wandlers bzw. des elektrisch gesteuerten Regeltransformators. Das Stellglied 14 des Leistungswandlers 10 weist zwei Steuerwicklungen 117.1 und 117.2 auf. Der Leistungstransformator 13 hat die gleiche Bauform wie das Stellglied 14 und besitzt eine Steuerwicklung 117.3 sowie zwei Induktionswicklungen 150.2 und 150.3, von denen die eine (150.2) als Primärwicklung und die andere (150.3) als Sekundärwicklung des Transformators 13 dient. Die Steuerwicklung 117.1 des Stellgliedes 14 ist an eine Konstantstromquelle 31 angeschlossen, die einen so grossen, konstanten Strom j abgibt, das die Ringkerne 111 und 112 des Stellgliedes magnetisch gesättigt werden. Die andere Steuerwicklung 117.2 des Stellgliedes 14 ist in Serie mit der Steuerwicklung 117.3 des Transformators 13 an die Steuerung 30 so angeschlossen, dass deren Steuerstrom I je nach seiner Stärke die Ringkerne 111 und 112 in Gegenwirkung zum Strom j mehr oder weniger entmagnetisiert und die Ringkerne des Transformators 13 entsprechend magnetisiert. Auf diese Weise nimmt die Induktivität Ls des Stellgliedes 14 ab, wenn die Induktivität Lj des Transformators 13 zunimmt und umgekehrt. Die Reaktanz wL der beiden Elemente ändert sich somit gegensinnig, was eine gegenüber der Anordnung von Fig. 5 erhöhte potentiometrische Wirkung ergibt mit entsprechend verbesserter Regelmöglichkeit der dem Verbraucher 12 zugeführten Sekundärspannung und des damit gekoppelten Stromes.6 shows a further variant of the described AC / AC converter or of the electrically controlled regulating transformer. The actuator 14 of the power converter 10 has two control windings 117.1 and 117.2. The power transformer 13 has the same design as the actuator 14 and has a control winding 117.3 and two induction windings 150.2 and 150.3, of which one (150.2) serves as the primary winding and the other (150.3) serves as the secondary winding of the transformer 13. The control winding 117.1 of the actuator 14 is connected to a constant current source 31 which emits such a large, constant current j that the ring cores 111 and 112 of the actuator are magnetically saturated. The other control winding 117.2 of the actuator 14 is connected in series with the control winding 117.3 of the transformer 13 to the controller 30 so that its control current I demagnetizes the ring cores 111 and 112 in opposition to the current j more or less and the ring cores of the Transformer 13 magnetized accordingly. In this way, the inductance L s of the actuator 14 decreases when the inductance Lj of the transformer 13 increases and vice versa. The reactance wL of the two elements thus changes in opposite directions, which results in an increased potentiometric effect compared to the arrangement of FIG. 5 with a correspondingly improved possibility of regulating the secondary voltage supplied to the consumer 12 and the current coupled therewith.
Fig." 7 zeigt einen weiteren elektrischen Leistungswandler, und zwar einen DC/DC-Wandler (DC: direct current, Gleichstrom). Der Wandler umfasst zwei Schalttransistoren 41, 42, die mit fester Frequenz, z.B. 100 kHz, den Strom einer Gleichstromquelle 11 zerhacken und abwechselnd über die Induktionswicklung 150 des Stellgliedes 14 und die mit. dieser in Reihe geschalteten Primärwicklung 13.1 des Leistungstransformators 13 zwei Kondensatoren 43 und 44 aufladen.Fig. "7 is a further electrical power converter, namely a DC / DC converter (DC: direct current, DC) The converter comprises two switching transistors 41, 42, the fixed-frequency, eg 100 kHz, the current of a direct current source 11. chop and alternately charge two capacitors 43 and 44 via the induction winding 150 of the actuator 14 and the primary winding 13.1 of the power transformer 13 connected in series therewith.
Der hierbei auftretende Wechselstrom i wird von der Primärwicklung 13.1 zur Sekundärwicklung 13.2 des Transformators 13 transformiert, über Dioden 48, 49 gleichgerichtet und dem Verbraucher 12, beispielsweise einer elektronischen Schaltung, zugeführt. Ein Kondensator 51 dient zur Glättung, Dioden 52, 53 parallel zu den Transistoren 41, 42 zu deren Schutz. Verbrauchsschwankungen und Schwankungen der Leistungsquelle 11 werden durch Veränderung der Reaktanz des Stellgliedes 14 variiert. Hierzu dient wiederum eine Steuerung 30 und deren Steuerstrom I durch die Steuerwicklung 117 des Stellgliedes 14.The alternating current i occurring here is transformed from the primary winding 13.1 to the secondary winding 13.2 of the transformer 13, rectified via diodes 48, 49 and supplied to the consumer 12, for example an electronic circuit. A capacitor 51 is used for smoothing, diodes 52, 53 in parallel with the transistors 41, 42 for their protection. Fluctuations in consumption and fluctuations in the power source 11 are varied by changing the reactance of the actuator 14. A controller 30 and its control current I through the control winding 117 of the actuator 14 are used for this purpose.
Fig. 8 zeigt eine Abwandlung des Leistungswandlers von Fig. 7, bei der die Kondensatoren 43 und 44 durch zwei weitere Schaltransistoren 55, 56 und diesen parallel geschaltete Schutzdioden 58, 59 ersetzt sind. Bei diesem Leistungswandler liegt die Serienschaltung der Induktivitätswicklung 150 und der Primärwicklung 13.1 im Brückenzweig einer durch die Schalttransistoren 41, 42, 55, 56 gebildeten Schaltbrücke. Die Transistoren werden durch eine nicht gezeigte Schaltsteuerung im festen Takt wechselweise ein- und ausgeschaltet, wodurch die Gleichspannung der Quelle 11 zerhackt und die Schaltbrücke abwechselnd in der einen und der anderen Richtung durch den Strom i durchflössen wird, wobei die Stromstärke durch die Reaktanz des Stell¬ gliedes 14 einstellbar bzw. regelbar ist.FIG. 8 shows a modification of the power converter from FIG. 7, in which the capacitors 43 and 44 are formed by two further switching transistors 55, 56 and these parallel protective diodes 58, 59 are replaced. In this power converter, the series connection of the inductance winding 150 and the primary winding 13.1 is in the bridge branch of a switching bridge formed by the switching transistors 41, 42, 55, 56. The transistors are alternately switched on and off by a switching control, not shown, in a fixed cycle, as a result of which the DC voltage of the source 11 is chopped and the switching bridge is alternately flowed through in one and the other direction by the current i, the current strength being the reactance of the actuating element ¬ member 14 is adjustable or controllable.
Fig. 9 zeigt einen weiteren Leistungswandler, der die Leistung einer Wechselspannungsquelle 11 in eine geregelte Gleichspannung sich ändernder Polarität umwandelt, also einen AC/AC-Wandler. Die Induktivitätswicklung 150 des Stellgliedes 14 ist wiederum in Reihe mit der Primärwicklung 13.1 des Leistungstransformators 13 geschaltet und an die Quelle 11 angeschlossen. An die Sekundärwicklung 13.2 des Transformators 13 ist ein elektronischer Polaritätsumschalter angeschlossen, wie er beispielsweise aus P.U. Lind, "Four quadrant bilateral power Converter", Proc. of Powerconversion, (Sept. 1982), bekannt ist. Dieser Umschalter weist vier Schalttransistoren 62 bis 65 auf, die über eine Filterdrossel 66 einen Kondensator 67 laden, an den der Verbraucher 12 angeschlossen ist. Der Umschalter richtet die transformierte WechselSpannung im Takt der Wechselspannungsquelle 11 mit sehr geringen Verlusten gleich. Die Leistungsregelung erfolgt wiederum über den Steuerstrom I, der von einer Steuerung 30 an die Steuerwicklung 117 des Stellgliedes 14 abgegeben wird.9 shows a further power converter which converts the power of an AC voltage source 11 into a regulated DC voltage of changing polarity, that is to say an AC / AC converter. The inductance winding 150 of the actuator 14 is in turn connected in series with the primary winding 13.1 of the power transformer 13 and connected to the source 11. An electronic polarity changeover switch is connected to the secondary winding 13.2 of the transformer 13, as is known, for example, from PU Lind, "Four quadrant bilateral power converter", Proc. of Powerconversion, (Sept. 1982). This switch has four switching transistors 62 to 65, which charge a capacitor 67 via a filter choke 66, to which the load 12 is connected. The changeover switch rectifies the transformed AC voltage in time with the AC voltage source 11 with very low losses. The power regulation takes place again via the control current I, which is output by a controller 30 to the control winding 117 of the actuator 14.
Bei den gezeigten Leistungswandlern 10 entsprechend den Figuren 5 bis 9 lässt sich ohne weiteres die jeweilige Steuerung 30 durch eine Regelung im Sinne von Fig. 2 ersetzen. Dies ist sogar die bevorzugte Ausführung, da Leistungswandler heute im allgemeinen sehr hohen regelungstechnischen Anforderungen genügen müssen. Die neue Art des Stellgliedes 14 bietet hierbei hervorragende Möglichkeiten zur Verbesserung der Regeleigenschaften, die nachfolgend aufgeführt werden.In the power converters 10 shown in accordance with FIGS. 5 to 9, the respective control 30 can easily be replaced by a regulation in the sense of FIG. 2. This is even the preferred embodiment, since power converters generally have to meet very high control requirements. The new type of actuator 14 offers excellent possibilities for improving the control properties, which are listed below.
Alle gezeigten Leistungswandler 10 arbeiten grundsätzlich bei konstanter Frequenz des Wechselstromes i. Dies ist in mancherlei Hinsicht vorteilhaft. Es ist jedoch durchaus möglich, zusätzlich zur Regelung der Induktivität L des Stellgliedes 14, z.B. zum Ausgleich kurzfristiger Transienten, auch die Frequenz w des Wechselstromes i zu variieren, was eine zusätzliche Veränderung der Reaktanz wL des Stellgliedes 14 bewirkt.All power converters 10 shown basically work at a constant frequency of the alternating current i. This is beneficial in several ways. However, in addition to controlling the inductance L of the actuator 14, e.g. to compensate for short-term transients, also to vary the frequency w of the alternating current i, which causes an additional change in the reactance wL of the actuator 14.
Das Einschalt-, Ausschalt- und Kurzschlussverhalten der Leistungswandler 10 ist sehr gut, da der Wechselstrom i aufgrund einer stets vorhandenen Reaktanz des Stellgliedes 14 nie über unzulässige Werte steigen kann. Bei Ausfall des Steuerstromes I erhöht sich die Reaktanz automatisch, was ein positiver Sicherheitsaspekt ist. Bei sekundärseit gern Kurzschiuss, der einer beliebig grossen Verbraucherleistung entspricht, kann die Reaktanz des Stellgliedes durch Abschalten des Steuerstromes I auf einen Maximalwert gebracht werden. Zusätzlich kann die Reaktanz durch Erhöhung der Frequenz des Wechselstromes i erhöht werden.The switch-on, switch-off and short-circuit behavior of the power converter 10 is very good, since the alternating current i can never rise beyond impermissible values due to the reactance of the actuator 14 which is always present. If the control current I fails, the reactance increases automatically, which is a positive safety aspect. In the case of secondary shorts, which corresponds to an arbitrarily large consumer power, the reactance of the actuator can be brought to a maximum value by switching off the control current I. In addition, the reactance can be increased by increasing the frequency of the alternating current i.
Die Leistungswandler 10 besitzen alle Eigenschaften einer Stromquelle. Hierdurch entfallen Schwierigkeiten, die bei anderen Wandlern, z.B. pulsbreitengeregelten Wandlern, durch die sogenannte Erholungszeit trr der Gleichrichterdioden verursacht sind. Die zur Überwindung dieser Schwierigkeiten verwendeten Entlastungsnetzwerke sind daher nicht nötig.The power converters 10 have all the properties of a current source. This eliminates difficulties which are caused in other converters, for example pulse-width-controlled converters, by the so-called recovery time t rr of the rectifier diodes. The relief networks used to overcome these difficulties are therefore not necessary.
Streuinduktivitäten des Leistungstransformators 13 beeinflussen die Eigenschaften und die Funktion des Stellgliedes 14 nicht.Stray inductances of the power transformer 13 do not influence the properties and the function of the actuator 14.
Die Regelung der Reaktanz des Stellgliedes 14 über den Steuerstrom I erfolgt galvanisch getrennt vom gesteuerten Strom i. Es können über mehrere Steuerwicklungen 117 mehrere Steuerströme unabhängig voneinander verwendet werden.The regulation of the reactance of the actuator 14 via the control current I is galvanically isolated from the controlled current i. A plurality of control currents can be used independently of one another via a plurality of control windings 117.
Das Stellglied ist mechanisch, elektrisch, magnetisch und thermisch robust. Es kann in beliebigen Baugrössen relativ billig hergestellt und an die jeweiligen Bedürfnisse angepasst werden. Sein Einsatz erfordert keine speziellen Vorsichtsmassnahmen.The actuator is mechanically, electrically, magnetically and thermally robust. It can be manufactured relatively cheaply in any size and adapted to the respective needs. Its use does not require any special precautionary measures.
Die Einstellung des Steuerstroms I auf denjenigen Wert, der der jeweils gewünschten Reaktanz entspricht, ist einfach und mit bekannten Mitteln, z.B. einem Transistorverstärker, vornehmbar. The setting of the control current I to that value which corresponds to the desired reactance is simple and by known means, e.g. a transistor amplifier, noticeable.

Claims

Patentansprüche Claims
1. Elektrischer Leistungswandler (10) mit einem Leistungstransformator (13) zum Transformieren eines1. Electrical power converter (10) with a power transformer (13) for transforming a
Wechselstromes (i) beliebiger Form und Frequenz (w) und zum galvanischenAC (i) of any shape and frequency (w) and for galvanic
Trennen der primärseitigen Leistungsquelle (11) vom sekundärseitigenDisconnect the primary-side power source (11) from the secondary-side
Verbraucher (12), und mit einem Stellglied (14) zur Beeinflussung der sekundärseitig abgegebenen Leistung, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Stellglied (14) als induktiver Widerstand ausgebildet ist, der in Reihe mit dem Leistungstransformator (13) geschaltet ist, der den Wechselstrom (i) ausschliesslich bezüglich seiner Amplitude bzw.Consumer (12), and with an actuator (14) for influencing the power output on the secondary side, characterized in that the actuator (14) is designed as an inductive resistor which is connected in series with the power transformer (13), which converts the alternating current ( i) exclusively with regard to its amplitude or
Spannung und damit im wesentlichen verzerrungsfrei beeinflusst, und dessen Reaktanz (wL) mittels eines Steuerstromes (I) durch Änderung desVoltage and thus essentially influenced without distortion, and its reactance (wL) by means of a control current (I) by changing the
Induktivitätswertes (L) wenigstens im Verhältnis 1:100 variierbar ist.Inductance value (L) can be varied at least in a ratio of 1: 100.
2. Elektrischer Leistungswandler (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der das Stellglied (14) bildende induktive Widerstand folgende2. Electrical power converter (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator (14) forming inductive resistance follows
Teile umfasst: zwei voneinander unabhängige, gleiche, koaxial angeordnete, hochfrequenztaugliche, ferromagnetische Ringkerne (111, 112); eine Steuerwicklung (117), die die Ringkerne (111, 112) gemeinsam umwindet; und eine Induktionswicklung (150), die in Form zweier in Reihe geschalteter TeilWicklungen (151, 152) die beiden Ringkerne (111, 112) je einzeln umwindet; dass die Induktionswicklung (150) in Reihe mit einer der Wicklungen (13.1, 13.2) des Leistungstransformators (13) geschaltet ist, und dass die Steuerwicklung (117) an eine den Steuerstrom (I) abgebende Steuerung (30) angeschlossen ist (Fig. 3,4).Parts comprises: two independent, identical, coaxially arranged, radio frequency-compatible, ferromagnetic ring cores (111, 112); a control winding (117) that coils around the toroidal cores (111, 112); and an induction winding (150) which in the form of two partial windings (151, 152) connected in series winds around the two toroidal cores (111, 112) individually; that the induction winding (150) is connected in series with one of the windings (13.1, 13.2) of the power transformer (13), and that the control winding (117) is connected to a controller (30) that outputs the control current (I) (FIG. 3 , 4).
3. Elektrischer Leistungswandler (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Frequenz (w) des Wechselstromes (i) höher als etwa 10 kHz und konstant ist.3. Electrical power converter (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the frequency (w) of the alternating current (i) is higher than about 10 kHz and constant.
4. Elektrischer Leistungswandler (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet,4. Electrical power converter (10) according to claim 1, characterized in
Frequenz (w) des Wechselstromes (i) höher als etwa 10 kHz istFrequency (w) of the alternating current (i) is higher than about 10 kHz
und variiert.and varies.
5. Elektrischer Leistungswandler (10) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Induktionswicklung (150) in Reihe mit der Primärwicklung (13.1) des Leistungstransformators (13) geschaltet ist.5. Electrical power converter (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that the induction winding (150) is connected in series with the primary winding (13.1) of the power transformer (13).
6. Elektrischer Leistungswandler (10) nach Anspruch 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass die Induktionswicklung (150) in Reihe mit der Sekundärwicklung (13.2) des Leistungstransformators (13) geschaltet ist. 6. Electrical power converter (10) according to claim 2, characterized in that the induction winding (150) is connected in series with the secondary winding (13.2) of the power transformer (13).
7. Elektrischer Leistungswandler (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass das Stellglied (14) Bestandteil eines Steuerkreises ist (Fig. 1).7. Electrical power converter (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the actuator (14) is part of a control circuit (Fig. 1).
8. Elektrischer Leistungswandler (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch, gekennzeichnet, dass "das Stellglied (14) Bestandteil eines Regelkreises ist, der zusammen mit dem Stellglied (14) wenigstens einen Sensor (20) und einen Regler (21) umfasst (Fig. 2).8. Electrical power converter (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that " the actuator (14) is part of a control circuit which together with the actuator (14) comprises at least one sensor (20) and a controller (21) (Fig . 2).
9. Elektrischer Leistungswandler (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wechselstrom (i) ein Sinusstrom ist.9. Electrical power converter (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the alternating current (i) is a sine current.
10. Elektrischer Leistungswandler (10) nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, dass der Wechselstrom (i) ein Rechteckstrom ist. 10. Electrical power converter (10) according to claim 1, characterized in that the alternating current (i) is a rectangular current.
EP86905180A 1985-09-13 1986-09-02 Electric power converter Withdrawn EP0238516A1 (en)

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US4896091A (en) 1990-01-23
WO1987001834A1 (en) 1987-03-26
AU6284586A (en) 1987-04-07

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