EP0218981A2 - Electrophotographic-recording material - Google Patents
Electrophotographic-recording material Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0218981A2 EP0218981A2 EP86113419A EP86113419A EP0218981A2 EP 0218981 A2 EP0218981 A2 EP 0218981A2 EP 86113419 A EP86113419 A EP 86113419A EP 86113419 A EP86113419 A EP 86113419A EP 0218981 A2 EP0218981 A2 EP 0218981A2
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- dye
- layer
- recording material
- charge
- hydrogen
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 title claims abstract description 21
- 239000011230 binding agent Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 30
- 150000001875 compounds Chemical class 0.000 claims abstract description 21
- 239000002800 charge carrier Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 7
- 239000000654 additive Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 5
- -1 hydroxy- Chemical class 0.000 claims description 12
- 229910052736 halogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 229910052739 hydrogen Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 10
- 239000001257 hydrogen Substances 0.000 claims description 10
- 150000002367 halogens Chemical group 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004435 hydrogen atom Chemical group [H]* 0.000 claims description 9
- 125000004093 cyano group Chemical group *C#N 0.000 claims description 5
- 125000004178 (C1-C4) alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- 125000000229 (C1-C4)alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 4
- WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Bromine atom Chemical compound [Br] WKBOTKDWSSQWDR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N Chlorine atom Chemical compound [Cl] ZAMOUSCENKQFHK-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N bromine Substances BrBr GDTBXPJZTBHREO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052794 bromium Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 229910052801 chlorine Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000000460 chlorine Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 125000003785 benzimidazolyl group Chemical group N1=C(NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001164 benzothiazolyl group Chemical group S1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000001997 phenyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(*)C([H])=C1[H] 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005346 substituted cycloalkyl group Chemical group 0.000 claims description 2
- 125000005605 benzo group Chemical group 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000010410 layer Substances 0.000 description 86
- 239000000975 dye Substances 0.000 description 50
- 206010034972 Photosensitivity reaction Diseases 0.000 description 24
- 230000036211 photosensitivity Effects 0.000 description 24
- 230000032258 transport Effects 0.000 description 18
- 229920000515 polycarbonate Polymers 0.000 description 15
- PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Styrene Natural products C=CC1=CC=CC=C1 PPBRXRYQALVLMV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 14
- 239000004793 Polystyrene Substances 0.000 description 13
- WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Tetrahydrofuran Chemical compound C1CCOC1 WYURNTSHIVDZCO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 12
- 229920001577 copolymer Polymers 0.000 description 12
- 229910052782 aluminium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 8
- XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N aluminium Chemical compound [Al] XAGFODPZIPBFFR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 8
- 239000003795 chemical substances by application Substances 0.000 description 8
- 229920001220 nitrocellulos Polymers 0.000 description 8
- 239000004417 polycarbonate Substances 0.000 description 8
- WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Formaldehyde Chemical compound O=C WSFSSNUMVMOOMR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 239000000020 Nitrocellulose Substances 0.000 description 6
- FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N [(2s,3r,4s,5r,6r)-2-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5-dinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)-6-[(2r,3r,4s,5r,6s)-4,5,6-trinitrooxy-2-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-3-yl]oxyoxan-3-yl]oxy-3,5-dinitrooxy-6-(nitrooxymethyl)oxan-4-yl] nitrate Chemical compound O([C@@H]1O[C@@H]([C@H]([C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@H]1[C@@H]([C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O1)O[N+]([O-])=O)CO[N+](=O)[O-])[C@@H]1[C@@H](CO[N+]([O-])=O)O[C@@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H](O[N+]([O-])=O)[C@H]1O[N+]([O-])=O FJWGYAHXMCUOOM-QHOUIDNNSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 229920002689 polyvinyl acetate Polymers 0.000 description 6
- 239000000243 solution Substances 0.000 description 6
- 230000003595 spectral effect Effects 0.000 description 6
- 239000000758 substrate Substances 0.000 description 6
- YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N tetrahydrofuran Natural products C=1C=COC=1 YLQBMQCUIZJEEH-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 6
- 238000007740 vapor deposition Methods 0.000 description 6
- 238000001035 drying Methods 0.000 description 5
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 5
- 239000000203 mixture Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920001225 polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 239000004645 polyester resin Substances 0.000 description 5
- 229920002635 polyurethane Polymers 0.000 description 5
- 229910052721 tungsten Inorganic materials 0.000 description 5
- 239000010937 tungsten Substances 0.000 description 5
- 125000000217 alkyl group Chemical group 0.000 description 4
- 239000011888 foil Substances 0.000 description 4
- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 description 4
- 229920003227 poly(N-vinyl carbazole) Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000728 polyester Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 229920000193 polymethacrylate Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000004814 polyurethane Substances 0.000 description 4
- 229920005989 resin Polymers 0.000 description 4
- 239000011347 resin Substances 0.000 description 4
- FBNAYEYTRHHEOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 2,3,5-triphenyl-1,3-dihydropyrazole Chemical class N1N(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)C=C1C1=CC=CC=C1 FBNAYEYTRHHEOB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N Methacrylic acid Chemical compound CC(=C)C(O)=O CERQOIWHTDAKMF-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl chloride Chemical compound ClC=C BZHJMEDXRYGGRV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 239000000853 adhesive Substances 0.000 description 3
- 230000001070 adhesive effect Effects 0.000 description 3
- 239000003513 alkali Substances 0.000 description 3
- 239000006185 dispersion Substances 0.000 description 3
- FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N maleic anhydride Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C=C1 FPYJFEHAWHCUMM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- 238000005259 measurement Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 description 3
- 238000002156 mixing Methods 0.000 description 3
- 229920002037 poly(vinyl butyral) polymer Polymers 0.000 description 3
- 239000002356 single layer Substances 0.000 description 3
- 229910052724 xenon Inorganic materials 0.000 description 3
- FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N xenon atom Chemical compound [Xe] FHNFHKCVQCLJFQ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 3
- HYGLETVERPVXOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1-bromopyrene Chemical compound C1=C2C(Br)=CC=C(C=C3)C2=C2C3=CC=CC2=C1 HYGLETVERPVXOS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- PYSRRFNXTXNWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 3-(2-phenylethenyl)furan-2,5-dione Chemical compound O=C1OC(=O)C(C=CC=2C=CC=CC=2)=C1 PYSRRFNXTXNWCD-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- JHXYCTMOASWKJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-(2-chlorophenyl)-2-phenyl-1,3-oxazol-5-yl]-n,n-diethylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C1=C(C=2C(=CC=CC=2)Cl)N=C(C=2C=CC=CC=2)O1 JHXYCTMOASWKJJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000004425 Makrolon Substances 0.000 description 2
- PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N Nickel Chemical compound [Ni] PXHVJJICTQNCMI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920000147 Styrene maleic anhydride Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 238000010521 absorption reaction Methods 0.000 description 2
- 239000002253 acid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 125000003545 alkoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000001491 aromatic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- 239000012876 carrier material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000011248 coating agent Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000000576 coating method Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000004132 cross linking Methods 0.000 description 2
- 125000004663 dialkyl amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 2
- 150000002391 heterocyclic compounds Chemical class 0.000 description 2
- LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N hexyl 2-methylprop-2-enoate Chemical compound CCCCCCOC(=O)C(C)=C LNCPIMCVTKXXOY-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 125000002887 hydroxy group Chemical group [H]O* 0.000 description 2
- 230000003287 optical effect Effects 0.000 description 2
- TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N oxo(oxoalumanyloxy)alumane Chemical compound O=[Al]O[Al]=O TWNQGVIAIRXVLR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000005022 packaging material Substances 0.000 description 2
- 229920000647 polyepoxide Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920006267 polyester film Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920000642 polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- 229920002223 polystyrene Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N pyrene Chemical compound C1=CC=C2C=CC3=CC=CC4=CC=C1C2=C43 BBEAQIROQSPTKN-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 239000000523 sample Substances 0.000 description 2
- 239000000126 substance Substances 0.000 description 2
- WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N tungsten Chemical compound [W] WFKWXMTUELFFGS-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 2
- 229920002554 vinyl polymer Polymers 0.000 description 2
- BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 1,3-benzoxazole Chemical class C1=CC=C2OC=NC2=C1 BCMCBBGGLRIHSE-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- WMVZNYSFBVJLST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[4-chloro-5-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1,3-oxazol-2-yl]-n,n-diethylaniline Chemical compound C1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C1=NC(Cl)=C(C=2C=CC(OC)=CC=2)O1 WMVZNYSFBVJLST-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XXWVEJFXXLLAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 4-[[4-(diethylamino)-2-methylphenyl]-phenylmethyl]-n,n-diethyl-3-methylaniline Chemical compound CC1=CC(N(CC)CC)=CC=C1C(C=1C(=CC(=CC=1)N(CC)CC)C)C1=CC=CC=C1 XXWVEJFXXLLAIB-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M Acrylate Chemical compound [O-]C(=O)C=C NIXOWILDQLNWCW-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- 239000004925 Acrylic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920000178 Acrylic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M Bisulfite Chemical compound OS([O-])=O LSNNMFCWUKXFEE-UHFFFAOYSA-M 0.000 description 1
- RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N Copper Chemical compound [Cu] RYGMFSIKBFXOCR-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000004593 Epoxy Substances 0.000 description 1
- VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N Ethene Chemical compound C=C VGGSQFUCUMXWEO-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000005977 Ethylene Substances 0.000 description 1
- FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N Magnesium Chemical compound [Mg] FYYHWMGAXLPEAU-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920000877 Melamine resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phenol Chemical compound OC1=CC=CC=C1 ISWSIDIOOBJBQZ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N Phosphorous acid Chemical compound OP(O)=O ABLZXFCXXLZCGV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920001756 Polyvinyl chloride acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Propanedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)CC(O)=O OFOBLEOULBTSOW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229910000831 Steel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N Toluene Chemical compound CC1=CC=CC=C1 YXFVVABEGXRONW-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Vinyl acetate Chemical compound CC(=O)OC=C XTXRWKRVRITETP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N Zinc Chemical compound [Zn] HCHKCACWOHOZIP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000005299 abrasion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000370 acceptor Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000001241 acetals Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000008065 acid anhydrides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001476 alcoholic effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920000180 alkyd Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 150000008064 anhydrides Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000007743 anodising Methods 0.000 description 1
- 150000004982 aromatic amines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 125000003118 aryl group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 230000004888 barrier function Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004541 benzoxazolyl group Chemical group O1C(=NC2=C1C=CC=C2)* 0.000 description 1
- 125000001797 benzyl group Chemical group [H]C1=C([H])C([H])=C(C([H])=C1[H])C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- 230000015572 biosynthetic process Effects 0.000 description 1
- JHRWWRDRBPCWTF-OLQVQODUSA-N captafol Chemical group C1C=CC[C@H]2C(=O)N(SC(Cl)(Cl)C(Cl)Cl)C(=O)[C@H]21 JHRWWRDRBPCWTF-OLQVQODUSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 125000003178 carboxy group Chemical group [H]OC(*)=O 0.000 description 1
- 229920002678 cellulose Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001913 cellulose Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920002301 cellulose acetate Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000007859 condensation product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052802 copper Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000010949 copper Substances 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N crotonic acid Chemical compound C\C=C\C(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-NSCUHMNNSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000002425 crystallisation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000008025 crystallization Effects 0.000 description 1
- 125000004122 cyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 238000000354 decomposition reaction Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000986 disperse dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000009826 distribution Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000005516 engineering process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000003700 epoxy group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 239000003822 epoxy resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000002349 favourable effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N fluoranthrene Natural products C1=CC(C2=CC=CC=C22)=C3C2=CC=CC3=C1 GVEPBJHOBDJJJI-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011521 glass Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000000227 grinding Methods 0.000 description 1
- LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N haloperidol Chemical compound C1CC(O)(C=2C=CC(Cl)=CC=2)CCN1CCCC(=O)C1=CC=C(F)C=C1 LNEPOXFFQSENCJ-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 238000010438 heat treatment Methods 0.000 description 1
- 125000000623 heterocyclic group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 150000007857 hydrazones Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 150000002460 imidazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 230000001771 impaired effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000002347 injection Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000007924 injection Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940079865 intestinal antiinfectives imidazole derivative Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 239000012948 isocyanate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000002513 isocyanates Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004922 lacquer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052749 magnesium Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011777 magnesium Substances 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N maleic acid Chemical compound OC(=O)\C=C/C(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UPHRSURJSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000011976 maleic acid Substances 0.000 description 1
- 125000005397 methacrylic acid ester group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- 125000002496 methyl group Chemical group [H]C([H])([H])* 0.000 description 1
- SYHGEUNFJIGTRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N methylenedioxypyrovalerone Chemical compound C=1C=C2OCOC2=CC=1C(=O)C(CCC)N1CCCC1 SYHGEUNFJIGTRX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000178 monomer Substances 0.000 description 1
- KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N n-vinylcarbazole Chemical compound C1=CC=C2N(C=C)C3=CC=CC=C3C2=C1 KKFHAJHLJHVUDM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000025 natural resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 230000007935 neutral effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229910052759 nickel Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011368 organic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000007978 oxazole derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920001568 phenolic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000005011 phenolic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003021 phthalic acid derivatives Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000004014 plasticizer Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920006122 polyamide resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920000570 polyether Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000011118 polyvinyl acetate Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920002451 polyvinyl alcohol Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 235000019422 polyvinyl alcohol Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 239000004800 polyvinyl chloride Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000012254 powdered material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000002360 preparation method Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000047 product Substances 0.000 description 1
- 150000003219 pyrazolines Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 239000001044 red dye Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000007788 roughening Methods 0.000 description 1
- 230000035945 sensitivity Effects 0.000 description 1
- 229920002545 silicone oil Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 229920002050 silicone resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000002904 solvent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004071 soot Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000007921 spray Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000010959 steel Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229940124530 sulfonamide Drugs 0.000 description 1
- 150000003456 sulfonamides Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- 229920003002 synthetic resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 239000000057 synthetic resin Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229920001897 terpolymer Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 125000001302 tertiary amino group Chemical group 0.000 description 1
- VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N thiadiazole Chemical compound C1=CSN=N1.C1=CSN=N1 VLLMWSRANPNYQX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-butenedioic acid Natural products OC(=O)C=CC(O)=O VZCYOOQTPOCHFL-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N trans-crotonic acid Natural products CC=CC(O)=O LDHQCZJRKDOVOX-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 150000003852 triazoles Chemical class 0.000 description 1
- ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N triphenylamine Chemical compound C1=CC=CC=C1N(C=1C=CC=CC=1)C1=CC=CC=C1 ODHXBMXNKOYIBV-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 229920006337 unsaturated polyester resin Polymers 0.000 description 1
- 238000011144 upstream manufacturing Methods 0.000 description 1
- XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N water Substances O XLYOFNOQVPJJNP-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 description 1
- 239000000080 wetting agent Substances 0.000 description 1
- 229910052725 zinc Inorganic materials 0.000 description 1
- 239000011701 zinc Substances 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- G—PHYSICS
- G03—PHOTOGRAPHY; CINEMATOGRAPHY; ANALOGOUS TECHNIQUES USING WAVES OTHER THAN OPTICAL WAVES; ELECTROGRAPHY; HOLOGRAPHY
- G03G—ELECTROGRAPHY; ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHY; MAGNETOGRAPHY
- G03G5/00—Recording members for original recording by exposure, e.g. to light, to heat, to electrons; Manufacture thereof; Selection of materials therefor
- G03G5/02—Charge-receiving layers
- G03G5/04—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor
- G03G5/06—Photoconductive layers; Charge-generation layers or charge-transporting layers; Additives therefor; Binders therefor characterised by the photoconductive material being organic
- G03G5/0622—Heterocyclic compounds
- G03G5/0644—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings
- G03G5/0646—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings in the same ring system
- G03G5/0655—Heterocyclic compounds containing two or more hetero rings in the same ring system containing six relevant rings
Definitions
- the invention relates to an electrophotographic recording material composed of an electrically conductive layer support, optionally an insulating intermediate layer and a photoconductive layer composed of at least one dye as a charge-generating compound, photoconductor as a charge transport compound, binders and a layer containing conventional additives.
- the invention relates in particular to a recording material comprising an electrically conductive layer support, optionally an insulating intermediate layer, a dye layer with a dye as the charge carrier-producing compound and an organic photoconductor as the layer containing the charge transport compound.
- the recording material according to the invention is advantageously suitable for a lithographic printing form or printed circuit which can be produced by electrophotographic means, consisting of a correspondingly suitable electrically conductive layer support and a photoconductive layer with binders which can be stripped of alkali.
- the known dyes have good photosensitivities, which are approximately in the range from 420 to 650 nm.
- the dyes of the invention as charge-generating compounds have excellent electrophotographic properties and with many organic photoconductors, and especially with a wide variety of binders, give good photosensitive recording materials both in a double layer and in a monolayer arrangement with the dye dispersed therein.
- Position 1 indicates the electrically conductive layer support
- position 2 indicates the dye layer generating charge carriers
- position 3 indicates the charge transport layer
- Position 4 specifies the insulating intermediate layer
- position 5 shows layers which represent a charge carrier-producing dye layer in dispersion
- Position 6 shows a photoconductive monolayer composed of disperse dye, photoconductor and binder.
- Aluminum foil optionally transparent, aluminum-coated or aluminum-clad polyester foil, is preferably used as the electrically conductive layer support, but any other support material made sufficiently conductive (for example by soot, etc.) can be used Substrates can also be used.
- the photoconductor layer can also be arranged on a drum, on flexible endless belts, for example made of nickel or steel, etc. or on plates.
- All materials known for this purpose can be used as carrier materials for the electrophotographic production of printing forms, e.g. Aluminum, zinc, magnesium, copper plates or multi-metal plates. Surface-coated aluminum foils have proven particularly useful.
- the surface refinement consists of mechanical or electrochemical roughening and, if appropriate, subsequent anodizing and treatment with polyvinylphosphonic acid in accordance with DE-OS 16 21 478, corresponding to US Pat. No. 4,153,461.
- the aim of introducing an insulating intermediate layer is to reduce the charge carrier injection from the metal into the photoconductor layer in the dark. On the other hand, it should not hinder the flow of charge during the exposure process.
- the intermediate layer acts as a barrier layer, it also serves, if appropriate, to improve the adhesion between the layer support surface and the dye layer or photoconductor layer and should be capable of being stripped off water or alcoholic-alkaline for the production of printing forms.
- Different natural or Synthetic resin binders are used, but preference is given to using materials which adhere well to a metal, in particular aluminum surface, and which are slightly dissolved when subsequent layers are applied.
- These include polyamide resins, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl phosphonic acid, polyurethanes, polyester resins or specifically alkali-soluble binders, such as, for example, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers.
- the thickness of organic intermediate layers can be up to 5 ⁇ m, that of an aluminum oxide intermediate layer is generally in the range from 0.01 to 1 ⁇ m.
- the dye layer 2 or 5 according to the invention has the function of a layer which generates charge carriers; the dye used determines the spectral photosensitivity of the photoconductive system through its absorption behavior.
- the application of a homogeneous, densely packed dye layer is preferably obtained by evaporating the dye onto the support in vacuo.
- the dye can be evaporated without decomposition under the conditions of 1.33 ⁇ 10 ⁇ 6 to 10 ⁇ 8 bar and 240 to 270 ° C heating temperature.
- the temperature of the substrate is below 50 ° C.
- An advantageous layer thickness range of the vapor-deposited dye is between 0.005 and 3 ⁇ m.
- a thickness range between 0.05 and 1.5 ⁇ m is particularly preferred since the adhesive strength and homogeneity of the vapor-deposited dye are particularly favorable here.
- a uniform dye thickness can also be achieved by other coating techniques. This subheading includes mechanical rubbing of the finely powdered material into the electrically conductive substrate, electrolytic or electrochemical processes or electrostatic spray technology.
- homogeneous, well covering dye layers with thicknesses of the order of magnitude can be used 0.05 to 3 ⁇ m also by grinding the dye with a binder, in particular with cellulose nitrates and / or crosslinking binder systems, for example polyisocyanate-crosslinkable acrylic resins, reactive resins such as epoxies, DD lacquers, and then coating these dye dispersions according to item 5 in Figures 4 and 5.
- binders such as polystyrene, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers, polymethacrylates, polyvinyl acetates, polyurethanes, polyvinyl butyrals, polycarbonates, polyesters etc. and mixtures thereof can be used.
- the ratio of dye / binder can vary within wide limits, but preferred are dye primers with a dye content of over 50% and correspondingly high optical density.
- Another possibility is to produce a photoconductor layer according to FIG. 1, in which the charge generation centers (dyes) are finely dispersed in the charge transport layer medium.
- This arrangement has the advantage of a simpler production method than that of a double layer. It is particularly suitable for the production of lithographic printing forms.
- the proportion of dye in the photoconductor layer is preferably up to about 30%.
- the layer thickness of such arrangements is preferably 2 to 10 ⁇ m.
- the inverse arrangement of the charge carrier-generating layer 5 in FIG. 5 on the charge-transporting layer 3, when using a p-transport connection, provides photoconductor double layers which have a high photosensitivity when charged positively.
- Organic materials which have an extensive ⁇ -electron system are particularly suitable as the charge transport material. These include both monomeric and polymeric aromatic or heterocyclic compounds.
- the monomers used are in particular those which have at least one tertiary amino group and / or one dialkylamino group.
- Heterocyclic compounds such as oxdiazole derivatives, which are mentioned in German patent 10 58 836 (corresponding to US Pat. No. 3,189,447), have proven particularly useful. These include, in particular, 2,5-bis (p-diethylaminophenyl) oxdiazole-1,3,4; unsymmetrical oxdiazoles, such as 5- [3- (9-ethyl) -carbazolyl] -1,3,4-oxdiazole derivatives (US Pat. No. 4,192,677), about 2- (4-dialkylaminophenyl -) - 5- [3 - (9-ethyl) -carbazolyl] -1,3,4-oxdiazole can be used successfully.
- Suitable monomeric compounds are arylamine derivatives (triphenylamine) and triarylmethane derivatives (DE-PS 12 37 900), for example bis (4-diethylamino-2-methyl) phenyl-) phenylmethane, more highly condensed aromatic compounds, such as pyrene, benzo-condensed heterocycles (for example benzoxazole derivatives).
- Pyrazolines are also suitable, for example 1,3,5-triphenylpyrazolines or imidazole derivatives (DE-PS 10 60 714 or 11 06 599, corresponding to US Pat. No. 3,180,729, GB-PS 938,434).
- This subheading also includes triazole, thiadiazole and especially oxazole derivatives, for example 2-phenyl-4- (o-chlorophenyl) -5 (p-diethylaminophenyl) oxazole, as described in German patents 10 60 260, 12 99 296, 11 20,875 (corresponding to U.S. Patent 3,112,197, UK Patent 1,016,520, U.S. Patent 3,257,203).
- oxazole derivatives for example 2-phenyl-4- (o-chlorophenyl) -5 (p-diethylaminophenyl) oxazole, as described in German patents 10 60 260, 12 99 296, 11 20,875 (corresponding to U.S. Patent 3,112,197, UK Patent 1,016,520, U.S. Patent 3,257,203).
- Formaldehyde condensation products with various aromatics such as, for example, condensates of formaldehyde and 3-bromopyrene, have proven to be suitable as polymers (DE-OS 21 37 288 corresponding to US Pat. No. 3,842,038).
- polyvinyl carbazole or copolymers with at least 50% vinyl carbazole content as transport polymers provide good photosensitivity (FIGS. 2 to 4).
- the charge transport layer 3 has practically no photosensitivity in the visible range (420 to 750 nm). It preferably consists of a mixture of an electron donor compound (organic photoconductor) with a binder if negative charging is to be carried out. It is preferably transparent, but this is the case with transparent, conductive substrate is not necessary.
- Layer 3 has a high electrical resistance of greater than 10 12 ⁇ . It prevents the discharge of electrostatic charge in the dark; when exposed, it transports the charges generated in the dye layer.
- the added binder influences both the mechanical behavior, such as abrasion, flexibility, film formation, adhesion, etc., and to a certain extent the electrophotographic behavior, such as photosensitivity, residual charge and cyclic behavior.
- Polyester resins polyvinyl chloride / polyvinyl acetate copolymers, alkyd resins, polyvinyl acetates, polycarbonates, silicone resins, polyurethane, epoxy resins, poly (meth) acrylates and copolymers, polyvinyl acetals, polystyrenes and styrene copolymers, cellulose derivatives, such as cellulose acetate etc., are used as binders.
- thermally post-crosslinking binder systems such as reactive resins, which are composed of an equivalent mixture of hydroxyl-containing polyesters or polyethers and polyfunctional isocyanates, polyisocyanate-crosslinkable acrylate resins, melamine resins, unsaturated polyester resins, etc., have been used successfully.
- solubility properties play a particularly important role in the selection of binders.
- binders which are soluble in aqueous or alcoholic solvent systems, optionally with the addition of acid or alkali are particularly suitable for practical purposes.
- suitable binders are high-molecular substances which carry groups which render alkali soluble. Such groups are, for example, acid anhydride, carboxyl, phenol, sulfonic acid, sulfonamide or sulfonimide groups.
- Copolymers with anhydride groups can be used with particularly good results.
- Copolymers of ethylene or styrene and maleic anhydride or maleic acid semiesters are very particularly suitable.
- Phenolic resins have also proven their worth.
- Copolymers of styrene, methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters can also be used as alkali-soluble binders (DE-OS 27 55 851).
- a terpolymer made from 10% styrene, 30% methacrylic acid and 60% methacrylic acid n-hexyl ester is extremely suitable.
- Polyvinyl acetates (PVAc) in particular copolymers of PVAc and crotonic acid, can also be used.
- the binders used can be used alone or in combination.
- the mixing ratio of the charge transporting compound to the binder can vary. However, the requirement for maximum photosensitivity, i.e. as large a proportion of charge transport compound as possible, and after crystallization to be avoided and increased flexibility, i.e. as large a proportion of binders as possible, relatively certain limits.
- a mixing ratio of about 1: 1 parts by weight has generally proven to be preferred, but ratios between 4: 1 to 1: 4 are also suitable.
- polymeric charge transport compounds such as bromopyrene resin, polyvinyl carbazole, binder proportions of around or below 30% are suitable.
- the respective requirements of a copying machine for the electrophotographic and mechanical properties of the recording material can be conveyed by different settings of the layers, for example viscosity of the binder, proportion of the charges connection, to be met in a wide range.
- layer thicknesses between approximately 2 and 25 ⁇ m are generally used. A thickness range of 3 to 15 ⁇ m has proven to be particularly advantageous. However, if the mechanical requirements and the electrophotographic parameters (charging and development station) of a copying machine permit, the specified limits can be extended upwards or downwards in individual cases.
- Leveling agents such as silicone oils, wetting agents, in particular nonionic substances, plasticizers of different compositions, such as, for example, those based on phthalic acid esters, are considered to be conventional additives. If necessary, conventional sensitizers and / or acceptors can also be added to the charge-transporting layer, but only to the extent that their optical transparency is not significantly impaired.
- An aluminum vapor-coated polyester film as the carrier material is gently vaporized at 1.33 ⁇ 10 Form - 10 ⁇ 8 bar with the dyes (formulas 1 to 4 of the attached dye table; the layer thicknesses of the homogeneous, yellow-orange colored dye layers are in the range of 125 - 150 mg / m2.
- the test sample moves on a rotating plate through a charging device to the exposure station, where it is continuously exposed to an XBO 150 xenon lamp or, if applicable, a halogen-tungsten lamp (150 W).
- a heat absorption glass and a neutral filter are installed upstream of the lamp.
- the light intensity in the measuring plane is in the range from 30 to 50 ⁇ W / cm2 or from 5 to 10 ⁇ W / cm2. It is measured immediately after or parallel to the determination of the light decay curve with an optometer.
- the level of charge and the photo-induced light decay curve are via an elec trometer recorded oscillographically by a transparent probe.
- the photoconductor layer is characterized by the charge level (U o ) and the time (T 1/2 ) after which half the charge (U o / 2) has been reached.
- the product of T 1/2 (s) and the measured light intensity I ( ⁇ W / cm2) is the half-value energy E 1/2 ( ⁇ J / cm2).
- the spectral photosensitivity of the double layers produced is determined with the use of filters using the method given in Example 1: In the case of negative charging (500-500 V), the half-life (T 1/2 in msec) for the respective wavelength range is determined by exposure. The spectral photosensitivity curve is obtained by plotting the reciprocal half-value energy 1 / E 1/2 (cm2 / ⁇ J) against the wavelength ⁇ (nm). Dabie means the half-value energy E 1/2 ( ⁇ J / cm2) that light energy that must be irradiated in order to discharge the layer to half the initial voltage U o .
- curve 1 shows the spectral photosensitivity of the double layer a), which was determined with a charge of approximately -570 V and under xenon exposure.
- a vapor deposition layer of dye according to formula 3 with a layer thickness of 285 mg / m2 is coated with a solution of 65 parts To 1920 and 35 parts cellulose nitrate of the standard type E 4 in tetrahydrofuran in a thickness of about 7 ⁇ m after drying.
- the photosensitivity is determined as described in Example 1:
- the spectral photosensitivity is determined with a negative charge of approx. 600 V using Xenon XB0 lighting (FIG. 6, curve 2).
- the mixing ratio of photoconductor compound and binder is 1: 1.
- a dye vapor deposition layer according to Example 4 with a layer thickness of 50 mg / m 2 is coated with a solution of 90 parts of polyvinyl carbazole (Luvican R M170, BASF) and 10 parts of polyester resin (Adhesive 49,000 from du Pont) in tetrahydrofuran in a thickness of 4 to 5 ⁇ m.
- the photosensitivity E 1/2 is 3.06 ⁇ J / cm2 at (-) 320 V.
- the photosensitivity, measured according to Example 1, is:
- the spectral photosensitivity of layer d) was measured in accordance with Example 2 in the negative charging range from 720 to 760 V (FIG. 7).
- dye of formula 1 5 parts were added to a solution containing 45 parts of To 1920, 45 parts of copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride (Scripset 550) and 5 parts of cellulose nitrate of the standard type 4E in tetrahydrofuran and very finely ground in a ball mill for 2 hours. This dye dispersion is then coated on a wire-brushed aluminum foil (100 ⁇ m) approximately 8 ⁇ m thick.
- the measurement of the photosensitivity according to Example 1 results in positive and negative charging (400 V) half-value energies of 11.5 and 11.9 ⁇ J / cm2 (tungsten halogen lamp I ⁇ 6.5 ⁇ W / cm2).
- a mixture of 2 parts of dye according to formula 3 and 1 part of cellulose nitrate of the standard type 4E (DIN 53 179) are ground together intensively in tetrahydrofuran for about 3 hours in a ball mill.
- the finely dispersed solution is then applied homogeneously to an aluminum-coated polyester film in a thickness of about 150 mg / m 2 and dried.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- General Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Photoreceptors In Electrophotography (AREA)
Abstract
Die vorliegende Erfindung betrifft ein elektrophotographisches Aufzeichnungsmaterial aus einem elektrisch leitenden Schichtträger, gegebenenfalls einer isolierenden Zwischenschicht und einer photoleitfähigen Schicht aus mindestens einer Farbstoff als Ladungsträger erzeugende Verbindung, Photoleiter als Ladungstransportverbindung, Bindemittel und übliche Zusätze enthaltenden Schicht, das in der photoleitfähigen Schicht als Farbstoff ein Benzo-benzimidazo(1,2a)-chinolinderivat, vorzugsweise nach der allgemeinen Formel <IMAGE> enthält. Der Farbstoff ergibt in Kombination mit den unterschiedlichsten Photoleitern und Bindemitteln Materialien mit hervorragenden elektrophotographischen Eigenschaften.The present invention relates to an electrophotographic recording material composed of an electrically conductive layer support, optionally an insulating intermediate layer and a photoconductive layer composed of at least one dye as a charge carrier-producing compound, photoconductor as a charge transport compound, binder and conventional additives, and a layer containing a benzo in the photoconductive layer as a dye contains -benzimidazo (1,2a) -quinoline derivative, preferably according to the general formula <IMAGE>. In combination with a wide variety of photoconductors and binders, the dye gives materials with excellent electrophotographic properties.
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein elektrophotographisches Aufzeichnungsmaterial aus einem elektrisch leitenden Schichtträger, gegebenenfalls einer isolierenden Zwischenschicht und einer photoleitfähigen Schicht aus mindestens einer Farbstoff als Ladungsträger erzeugende Verbindung, Photoleiter als Ladungstransportverbindung, Bindemittel und übliche Zusätze enthaltenden Schicht. Die Erfindung bezieht sich besonders auf ein Aufzeichnungsmaterial aus einem elektrisch leitenden Schichtträger, gegebenenfalls einer isolierenden Zwischenschicht, einer Farbstoffschicht mit einem Farbstoff als Ladungsträger erzeugenden Verbindung und einer organischen Photoleiter als Ladungstransportverbindung enthaltenden Schicht.The invention relates to an electrophotographic recording material composed of an electrically conductive layer support, optionally an insulating intermediate layer and a photoconductive layer composed of at least one dye as a charge-generating compound, photoconductor as a charge transport compound, binders and a layer containing conventional additives. The invention relates in particular to a recording material comprising an electrically conductive layer support, optionally an insulating intermediate layer, a dye layer with a dye as the charge carrier-producing compound and an organic photoconductor as the layer containing the charge transport compound.
Das erfindungsgemäße Aufzeichnungsmaterial ist vorteilhaft für ein auf elektrophotographischem Wege herstellbare lithographische Druckform oder gedruckte Schaltung geeignet, bestehend aus einem entsprechend geeigneten elektrisch leitenden Schichtträger und einer photoleitfähigen Schicht mit alkalisch entschichtbaren Bindemitteln.The recording material according to the invention is advantageously suitable for a lithographic printing form or printed circuit which can be produced by electrophotographic means, consisting of a correspondingly suitable electrically conductive layer support and a photoconductive layer with binders which can be stripped of alkali.
Der Einsatz von Farbstoffen als Ladungsträger erzeugende Verbindungen in organischen Photoleiterschichten ist bekannt (DE-PS 22 39 923 entsprechend GB-PS 1 416 603, DE-PS 22 46 255 entsprechend US-PS 3,989,520, DE-OS 23 14 051 entsprechend US-PS 3,972,717).The use of dyes as charge-generating compounds in organic photoconductor layers is known (DE-PS 22 39 923 corresponding to GB-PS 1 416 603, DE-PS 22 46 255 corresponding to US-PS 3,989,520, DE-OS 23 14 051 corresponding to US Pat. No. 3,972,717).
Die bekannten Farbstoffe besitzen gute Photoempfindlichkeiten, die etwa im Bereich von 420 bis 650 nm liegen.The known dyes have good photosensitivities, which are approximately in the range from 420 to 650 nm.
Es war Aufgabe der Erfindung, neue Farbstoffe anzugeben, die bei guter Photoempfindlichkeit in photoleitfähigen Systemen von Doppel- oder Monoschichtanordnung sich in Verbindung mit den verschiedensten Ladungstransportverbindungen, Bindemitteln und Zusätzen zu hochlichtempfindlichen Materialien kombinieren lassen.It was an object of the invention to provide new dyes which, with good photosensitivity in photoconductive systems of a double or monolayer arrangement, can be combined in combination with a wide variety of charge transport compounds, binders and additives to give highly light-sensitive materials.
Die Aufgabe wird erfindungsgemäß durch ein elektrophotographisches Aufzeichnungsmaterial der eingangs genannten Art dadurch gelöst, daß es in der photoleitfähigen Schicht als Farbstoff ein Benzo-benzimidazo(1,2a)-chinolinderivat enthält. Vorzugsweise stellt der Farbstoff eine Verbindung der allgemeinen Formel dar
R₂ = Wasserstoff, eine Hydroxygruppe, eine C₁-C₄-Alkoxygruppe, eine Cyanogruppe oder -COOR mit R = H oder C₁-C₄-Alkyl,
R₃ = Sulfophenyl, Cyano, Acetyl-, -COOR mit R in der vorstehend beschriebenen Bedeutung, eine Benzoxazolyl-, Benzimidazolyl-, ggf. N-Methylbenzimidazolylgruppe, insbesondere eine Cyano- oder eine Benzthiazolylgruppe,
R₄ = Wasserstoff oder Halogen, wie Chlor oder Brom,
R₅ = Wasserstoff, die Cyanogruppe oder -COOR mit R wie vorstehend beschrieben,
bedeuten.The object is achieved by an electrophotographic recording material of the type mentioned in that it contains a benzo-benzimidazo (1,2a) -quinoline derivative as a dye in the photoconductive layer. The dye is preferably a compound of the general formula
R₂ = hydrogen, a hydroxyl group, a C₁-C₄-alkoxy group, a cyano group or -COOR with R = H or C₁-C₄-alkyl,
R₃ = sulfophenyl, cyano, acetyl, -COOR with R in the meaning described above, a benzoxazolyl, benzimidazolyl, optionally N-methylbenzimidazolyl group, in particular a cyano or a benzothiazolyl group,
R₄ = hydrogen or halogen, such as chlorine or bromine,
R₅ = hydrogen, the cyano group or -COOR with R as described above,
mean.
Es hat sich gezeigt, daß die erfindungsgemäßen Farbstoffe als Ladungsträger erzeugende Verbindungen hervorragende elektrophotographische Eigenschaften besitzen und mit vielen organischen Photoleitern, und besonders mit den unterschiedlichsten Bindemitteln gute photoempfindliche Aufzeichnungsmaterialien sowohl in Doppelschicht- als auch Monoschichtanordnung mit darin dispers verteiltem Farbstoff ergeben.It has been shown that the dyes of the invention as charge-generating compounds have excellent electrophotographic properties and with many organic photoconductors, and especially with a wide variety of binders, give good photosensitive recording materials both in a double layer and in a monolayer arrangement with the dye dispersed therein.
Die Herstellung der erfindungsgemäßen Farbstoffe ist bekannt (DE-OS 26 25 518 entsprechend US-PS 4,077,961).The preparation of the dyes according to the invention is known (DE-OS 26 25 518 corresponding to US Pat. No. 4,077,961).
Der Aufbau des elektrophotographischen Aufzeichnungsmaterials wird anhand der beigefügten Figuren 1 bis 5 schematisch erläutert. Mit Position 1 ist jeweils der elektrisch leitende Schichtträger angezeigt, Position 2 weist auf die Ladungsträger erzeugende Farbstoffschicht hin, und mit Position 3 wird die Ladungstransportschicht angegeben. Position 4 gibt die isolierende Zwischenschicht an, und mit Position 5 sind Schichten wiedergegeben, die eine Ladungsträger erzeugende Farbstoffschicht in Dispersion darstellen. Unter Position 6 ist eine photoleitfähige Monoschicht aus dispers verteiltem Farbstoff, Photoleiter und Bindemittel aufgezeichnet.The structure of the electrophotographic recording material is explained schematically with the aid of the attached FIGS. 1 to 5. Position 1 indicates the electrically conductive layer support,
Als elektrisch leitender Schichtträger kommt bevorzugt Aluminiumfolie, gegebenenfalls transparente, mit Aluminium bedampfte bzw. aluminiumkaschierte Polyesterfolie zum Einsatz, jedoch kann jedes andere genügend leitfähig gemachte Trägermaterial (z.B. durch Ruß etc.) als Schichtträger auch verwendet werden. Die Anordnung der Photoleiterschicht kann auch auf einer Trommel, auf flexiblen Endlosbändern, z.B. aus Nickel oder Stahl etc. oder auf Platten erfolgen.Aluminum foil, optionally transparent, aluminum-coated or aluminum-clad polyester foil, is preferably used as the electrically conductive layer support, but any other support material made sufficiently conductive (for example by soot, etc.) can be used Substrates can also be used. The photoconductor layer can also be arranged on a drum, on flexible endless belts, for example made of nickel or steel, etc. or on plates.
Als Trägermaterialien für die elektrophotographische Herstellung von Druckformen können sämtliche für diesen Zweck bekannten Materialien eingesetzt werden, wie z.B. Aluminium-, Zink-, Magnesium-, Kupferplatten oder Mehrmetallplatten. Besonders bewährt haben sich oberflächenveredelte Aluminiumfolien. Die Oberflächenveredelung besteht in einer mechanischen oder elektrochemischen Aufrauhung und gegebenenfalls in einer anschließenden Anodisierung und Behandlung mit Polyvinylphosphonsäure gemäß DE-OS 16 21 478, entsprechend US-PS 4,153,461.All materials known for this purpose can be used as carrier materials for the electrophotographic production of printing forms, e.g. Aluminum, zinc, magnesium, copper plates or multi-metal plates. Surface-coated aluminum foils have proven particularly useful. The surface refinement consists of mechanical or electrochemical roughening and, if appropriate, subsequent anodizing and treatment with polyvinylphosphonic acid in accordance with DE-OS 16 21 478, corresponding to US Pat. No. 4,153,461.
Die Einführung einer isolierenden Zwischenschicht, gegebenenfalls auch einer thermisch, anodisch oder chemisch erzeugten Aluminiumoxid-Zwischenschicht (Fig. 3, Position 4), hat zum Ziel, die Ladungsträgerinjektion vom Metall in die Photoleiterschicht im Dunkeln herabzusetzen. Andererseits soll sie beim Belichtungsvorgang den Ladungsfluß nicht hindern. Die Zwischenschicht wirkt als Sperrschicht, sie dient gegebenenfalls auch dazu, die Haftung zwischen der Schichtträgeroberfläche und der Farbstoffschicht bzw. Photoleiterschicht zu verbessern und sollte für die Herstellung von Druckformen wäßrig oder alkoholisch-alkalisch entschichtbar sein.The aim of introducing an insulating intermediate layer, possibly also a thermally, anodically or chemically produced aluminum oxide intermediate layer (FIG. 3, position 4), is to reduce the charge carrier injection from the metal into the photoconductor layer in the dark. On the other hand, it should not hinder the flow of charge during the exposure process. The intermediate layer acts as a barrier layer, it also serves, if appropriate, to improve the adhesion between the layer support surface and the dye layer or photoconductor layer and should be capable of being stripped off water or alcoholic-alkaline for the production of printing forms.
Für die Zwischenschicht können unterschiedliche Natur- bzw. Kunstharzbindemittel verwendet werden, bevorzugt werden jedoch solche Materialien eingesetzt, die gut auf einer Metall-, speziell Aluminiumoberfläche, haften und beim nachfolgenden Anbringen weiterer Schichten wenig angelöst werden. Hierzu gehören Polyamidharze, Polyvinylalkohole, Polyvinylphosphonsäure, Polyurethane, Polyesterharze oder spezifisch alkalilösliche Bindemittel, wie zum Beispiel Styrol-Maleinsäureanhydrid-Copolymerisate.Different natural or Synthetic resin binders are used, but preference is given to using materials which adhere well to a metal, in particular aluminum surface, and which are slightly dissolved when subsequent layers are applied. These include polyamide resins, polyvinyl alcohols, polyvinyl phosphonic acid, polyurethanes, polyester resins or specifically alkali-soluble binders, such as, for example, styrene-maleic anhydride copolymers.
Die Dicke organischer Zwischenschichten kann bis zu 5 µm betragen, die einer Aluminiumoxid-Zwischenschicht liegt im allgemeinen im Bereich von 0,01 bis 1 µm.The thickness of organic intermediate layers can be up to 5 μm, that of an aluminum oxide intermediate layer is generally in the range from 0.01 to 1 μm.
Die erfindungsgemäße Farbstoffschicht 2 oder 5 (Fig. 2 bis 5) besitzt die Funktion einer Ladungsträger erzeugenden Schicht; der dabei eingesetzte Farbstoff bestimmt die spektrale Photoempfindlichkeit des photoleitfähigen Systems durch sein Absorptionsverhalten.The
Das Aufbringen einer homogenen, dicht gepackten Farbstoffschicht wird bevorzugt durch Aufdampfen des Farbstoffs auf den Schichtträger im Vakuum erhalten. Je nach Vakuumeinstellung läßt sich unter den Bedingungen von 1,33 × 10⁻⁶ bis 10⁻⁸ bar und 240 bis 270 °C Heiztemperatur der Farbstoff ohne Zersetzung aufdampfen. Die Temperatur des Schichtträgers liegt dabei unter 50 °C.The application of a homogeneous, densely packed dye layer is preferably obtained by evaporating the dye onto the support in vacuo. Depending on the vacuum setting, the dye can be evaporated without decomposition under the conditions of 1.33 × 10⁻⁶ to 10⁻⁸ bar and 240 to 270 ° C heating temperature. The temperature of the substrate is below 50 ° C.
Hierdurch erhält man Schichten mit dicht gepackten Farbstoffmolekülen. Dies hat den Vorteil gegenüber allen anderen Möglichkeiten, sehr dünne homogene Farbstoffschichten zu erzeugen, so daß eine optimale Ladungserzeugungsrate erhalten werden kann. Die äußerst fein disperse Verteilung des Farbstoffs ermöglicht eine große Konzentration an angeregten Farbstoffmolekülen, die Ladungen in die Ladungstransportschicht injizieren. Außerdem wird der Ladungstransport durch die Farbstoffschicht nicht oder nur wenig durch Bindemittel behindert.This gives layers with tightly packed dye molecules. This has the advantage over all other possibilities of producing very thin homogeneous layers of dye, so that an optimal charge generation rate can be obtained. The extremely finely dispersed distribution of the dye enables a large concentration of excited dye molecules to be injected into the charge transport layer. In addition, the charge transport through the dye layer is not or only slightly hampered by binders.
Ein vorteilhafter Schichtdickenbereich des aufgedampften Farbstoffs liegt zwischen 0,005 und 3 µm. Besonders bevorzugt ist ein Dickenbereich zwischen 0,05 und 1,5 µm, da hier Haftfestigkeit und Homogenität des aufgedampften Farbstoffs besonders günstig sind.An advantageous layer thickness range of the vapor-deposited dye is between 0.005 and 3 μm. A thickness range between 0.05 and 1.5 μm is particularly preferred since the adhesive strength and homogeneity of the vapor-deposited dye are particularly favorable here.
Außer dem Aufdampfen des Farbstoffs kann eine gleichmäßige Farbstoffdicke auch durch andere Beschichtungstechniken erreicht werden. Hierher gehören das Aufbringen durch mechanisches Einreiben des feinst gepulverten Materials in den elektrisch leitenden Schichtträger, durch elektrolytische oder elektrochemische Prozesse oder durch elektrostatische Sprühtechnik.In addition to vapor deposition of the dye, a uniform dye thickness can also be achieved by other coating techniques. This subheading includes mechanical rubbing of the finely powdered material into the electrically conductive substrate, electrolytic or electrochemical processes or electrostatic spray technology.
In Kombination mit einer Zwischenschicht oder als Ersatz einer solchen können homogene, gut abdeckende Farbstoffschichten mit Dicken von größenordnungsmäßig 0,05 bis 3 µm auch durch Vermahlen des Farbstoffs mit Bindemittel, insbesondere mit Cellulosenitraten und/oder vernetzenden Bindemittelsystemen, zum Beispiel Polyisocyanat-vernetzbaren Acrylharzen, Reaktivharzen, wie zum Beispiel Epoxiden, DD-Lacken, und durch anschließendes Beschichten dieser Farbstoffdispersionen nach Position 5 in Figuren 4 und 5 hergestellt werden. Ferner können Bindemittel, wie Polystyrol, Styrol-Maleinsäureanhydrid-Copolymerisate, Polymethacrylate, Polyvinylacetate, Polyurethane, Polyvinylbutyrale, Polycarbonate, Polyester etc. sowie deren Mischungen in Frage kommen.In combination with an intermediate layer or as a replacement, homogeneous, well covering dye layers with thicknesses of the order of magnitude can be used 0.05 to 3 µm also by grinding the dye with a binder, in particular with cellulose nitrates and / or crosslinking binder systems, for example polyisocyanate-crosslinkable acrylic resins, reactive resins such as epoxies, DD lacquers, and then coating these dye dispersions according to
Das Verhältnis Farbstoff/Bindemittel kann dabei in weiten Grenzen variieren, bevorzugt sind allerdings Farbstoffvorstriche mit einem Farbstoffanteil von über 50 % und dementsprechend hoher optischer Dichte.The ratio of dye / binder can vary within wide limits, but preferred are dye primers with a dye content of over 50% and correspondingly high optical density.
Eine weitere Möglichkeit besteht in der Herstellung einer Photoleiterschicht gemäß Figur 1, in der die Ladungserzeugungszentren (Farbstoffe) im Ladungstransportschichtmedium fein dispergiert sind. Diese Anordnung hat gegenüber der einer Doppelschicht den Vorteil der einfacheren Herstellungsweise. Sie eignet sich besonders zur Herstellung von lithographischen Druckformen. Dabei ist der Farbstoffanteil in der Photoleiterschicht bevorzugt bis ca. 30 % anzusetzen. Die Schichtdicke solcher Anordnungen liegt bevorzugt bei 2 bis 10 µm.Another possibility is to produce a photoconductor layer according to FIG. 1, in which the charge generation centers (dyes) are finely dispersed in the charge transport layer medium. This arrangement has the advantage of a simpler production method than that of a double layer. It is particularly suitable for the production of lithographic printing forms. The proportion of dye in the photoconductor layer is preferably up to about 30%. The layer thickness of such arrangements is preferably 2 to 10 μm.
Die inverse Anordnung der Ladungsträger erzeugenden Schicht 5 in Figur 5 auf der Ladungen transportierenden Schicht 3 liefert bei Einsatz einer p-Transportverbindung Photoleiterdoppelschichten, die bei positiver Aufladung eine hohe Photoempfindlichkeit besitzen.The inverse arrangement of the charge carrier-generating
Als dem Ladungstransport dienendes Material sind vor allem organische Verbindungen geeignet, die ein ausgedehntes π-Elektronensystem besitzen. Hierzu gehören sowohl monomere wie polymere aromatische bzw. heterocyclische Verbindungen.Organic materials which have an extensive π-electron system are particularly suitable as the charge transport material. These include both monomeric and polymeric aromatic or heterocyclic compounds.
Als Monomere werden insbesondere solche eingesetzt, die mindestens eine tertiäre Aminogruppe und/oder eine Dialkylaminogruppe aufweisen.The monomers used are in particular those which have at least one tertiary amino group and / or one dialkylamino group.
Bewährt haben sich besonders heterocyclische Verbindungen, wie Oxdiazolderivate, die in der deutschen Patentschrift 10 58 836 (entsprechend US-PS 3,189,447) genannt sind. Hierzu gehören insbesondere das 2,5-Bis-(p-diethylaminophenyl)-oxdiazol-1,3,4; ferner können unsymmetrische Oxdiazole, wie 5-[3-(9-Ethyl)-carbazolyl]-1,3,4-oxdiazol-Derivate (US-PS 4,192,677), etwa 2-(4-Dialkylaminophenyl-)-5-[3-(9-ethyl)-carbazolyl]-1,3,4-oxdiazol mit Erfolg eingesetzt werden.Heterocyclic compounds such as oxdiazole derivatives, which are mentioned in German patent 10 58 836 (corresponding to US Pat. No. 3,189,447), have proven particularly useful. These include, in particular, 2,5-bis (p-diethylaminophenyl) oxdiazole-1,3,4; unsymmetrical oxdiazoles, such as 5- [3- (9-ethyl) -carbazolyl] -1,3,4-oxdiazole derivatives (US Pat. No. 4,192,677), about 2- (4-dialkylaminophenyl -) - 5- [3 - (9-ethyl) -carbazolyl] -1,3,4-oxdiazole can be used successfully.
Weitere geeignete monomere Verbindungen sind Arylamin-Derivate (Triphenylamin) sowie Triarylmethan-Derivate (DE-PS 12 37 900), z.B. Bis(4-diethylamino-2-methyl phenyl-)phenylmethan, höher kondensierte aromatische Verbindungen, wie Pyren, benzokondensierte Heterocyclen (z.B. Benzoxazol-Derivate). Außerdem sind Pyrazoline geeignet, z.B. 1,3,5-Triphenylpyrazoline oder Imidazol-Derivate (DE-PS 10 60 714 oder 11 06 599, entsprechend US-PS 3,180,729, GB-PS 938,434). Hierher gehören auch Triazol-, Thiadiazol- sowie besonders Oxazolderivate, zum Beispiel 2-Phenyl-4-(o-chlorphenyl)-5(p-diethylaminophenyl)-oxazol, wie sie in den deutschen Patentschriften 10 60 260, 12 99 296, 11 20 875 (entsprechend US-PS 3,112,197, GB-PS 1,016,520, US-PS 3,257,203) offenbart sind.Other suitable monomeric compounds are arylamine derivatives (triphenylamine) and triarylmethane derivatives (DE-PS 12 37 900), for example bis (4-diethylamino-2-methyl) phenyl-) phenylmethane, more highly condensed aromatic compounds, such as pyrene, benzo-condensed heterocycles (for example benzoxazole derivatives). Pyrazolines are also suitable, for example 1,3,5-triphenylpyrazolines or imidazole derivatives (DE-PS 10 60 714 or 11 06 599, corresponding to US Pat. No. 3,180,729, GB-PS 938,434). This subheading also includes triazole, thiadiazole and especially oxazole derivatives, for example 2-phenyl-4- (o-chlorophenyl) -5 (p-diethylaminophenyl) oxazole, as described in German patents 10 60 260, 12 99 296, 11 20,875 (corresponding to U.S. Patent 3,112,197, UK Patent 1,016,520, U.S. Patent 3,257,203).
Weiter sind 4-Chlor-2(4-dialkylaminophenyl)-5-aryloxazol-Derivate von großem Interesse,
R′, R˝ = Alkyl
sein können. Ihre Herstellung ist aus DE-OS 28 44 394 bekannt.4-Chloro-2 (4-dialkylaminophenyl) -5-aryloxazole derivatives are also of great interest,
R ′, R˝ = alkyl
could be. Their manufacture is known from DE-OS 28 44 394.
Als Ladungstransportverbindung haben sich ferner Hydrazonderivate folgender Strukturen
R₁ = Alkyl, Aryl, wie Benzyl
gemäß US-PS 4,150,987, DE-OS 29 41 509, DE-OS 29 19 791, DE-OS 29 39 483 (entsprechend US-PS 4,338,388, US-PS 4,278,747, GB-PS 2,034,493) bewährt.Hydrazone derivatives of the following structures have also become a charge transport compound
R₁ = alkyl, aryl, such as benzyl
according to US-PS 4,150,987, DE-OS 29 41 509, DE-OS 29 19 791, DE-OS 29 39 483 (corresponding to US-PS 4,338,388, US-PS 4,278,747, GB-PS 2,034,493) proven.
Als Polymere haben sich Formaldehyd-Kondensationsprodukte mit verschiedenen Aromaten, wie zum Beispiel Kondensate aus Formaldehyd und 3-Brompyren, als geeignet erwiesen (DE-OS 21 37 288 entsprechend US-PS 3,842,038). Außerdem liefern Polyvinylcarbazol oder Copolymerisate mit mindestens 50% Vinylcarbazol-Anteil als Transportpolymere zum Beispiel in Doppelschichtanordnung eine gute Photoempfindlichkeit (Fig. 2 bis 4).Formaldehyde condensation products with various aromatics, such as, for example, condensates of formaldehyde and 3-bromopyrene, have proven to be suitable as polymers (DE-OS 21 37 288 corresponding to US Pat. No. 3,842,038). In addition, polyvinyl carbazole or copolymers with at least 50% vinyl carbazole content as transport polymers, for example in a double layer arrangement, provide good photosensitivity (FIGS. 2 to 4).
Die Ladungstransportschicht 3 weist ohne die Farbstoffschicht im sichtbaren Bereich (420 bis 750 nm) praktisch keine Photoempfindlichkeit auf. Sie besteht vorzugsweise aus einem Gemisch einer Elektronendonatorverbindung (organischer Photoleiter) mit einem Bindemittel, wenn negativ aufgeladen werden soll. Sie ist vorzugsweise transparent, was jedoch bei transparentem, leitendem Schichtträger nicht notwendig ist.Without the dye layer, the
Die Schicht 3 besitzt einen hohen elektrischen Widerstand von größer als 10¹² Ω. Sie verhindert im Dunkeln das Abfließen der elektrostatischen Ladung; bei Belichtung transportiert sie die in der Farbstoffschicht erzeugten Ladungen.
Neben den beschriebenen Ladungserzeugungs- sowie -transportmaterialien beeinflußt das zugesetzte Bindemittel sowohl das mechanische Verhalten, wie Abrieb, Flexibilität, Filmbildung, Haftung etc. als auch in gewissem Umfang das elektrophotographische Verhalten, wie Photoempfindlichkeit, Restladung sowie zyklisches Verhalten.In addition to the charge generation and transport materials described, the added binder influences both the mechanical behavior, such as abrasion, flexibility, film formation, adhesion, etc., and to a certain extent the electrophotographic behavior, such as photosensitivity, residual charge and cyclic behavior.
Als Bindemittel werden Polyesterharze, Polyvinylchlorid/Polyvinylacetat-Mischpolymerisate, Alkydharze, Polyvinylacetate, Polycarbonate, Silikonharze, Polyurethan, Epoxidharze, Poly(meth)acrylate und Copolymerisate, Polyvinylacetale, Polystyrole und Styrol-Copolymerisate, Cellulose-Derivate, wie Celluloseacetobutyrate etc. eingesetzt. Außerdem werden thermisch nachvernetzende Bindemittelsysteme, wie Reaktivharze, die sich aus einem äquivalenten Gemisch von hydroxylgruppenhaltigen Polyestern bzw. Polyethern und polyfunktionellen Isocyanaten zusammensetzen, polyisocyanatvernetzbare Acrylatharze, Melaminharze, ungesättigte Polyesterharze etc. erfolgreich angewandt.Polyester resins, polyvinyl chloride / polyvinyl acetate copolymers, alkyd resins, polyvinyl acetates, polycarbonates, silicone resins, polyurethane, epoxy resins, poly (meth) acrylates and copolymers, polyvinyl acetals, polystyrenes and styrene copolymers, cellulose derivatives, such as cellulose acetate etc., are used as binders. In addition, thermally post-crosslinking binder systems, such as reactive resins, which are composed of an equivalent mixture of hydroxyl-containing polyesters or polyethers and polyfunctional isocyanates, polyisocyanate-crosslinkable acrylate resins, melamine resins, unsaturated polyester resins, etc., have been used successfully.
Wegen der guten Photoempfindlichkeit, Blitzlichtempfindlichkeit und hohen Flexibilität ist der Einsatz von insbesondere hochviskosen Cellulosenitraten besonders bevorzugt.Because of the good photosensitivity, flash sensitivity and high flexibility, the use of particularly viscous cellulose nitrates is particularly preferred.
Bei der Auswahl von Bindemitteln spielen außer den filmbildenden und elektrischen Eigenschaften sowie denen der Haftfestigkeit auf der Schichtträgerunterlage bei Einsatz für Druckformen oder gedruckte Schaltungen vor allem Löslichkeitseigenschaften eine besondere Rolle. Für praktische Zwecke sind solche Bindemittel besonders geeignet, die in wäßrigen oder alkoholischen Lösungsmittelsystemen, gegebenenfalls unter Säure- oder Alkalizusatz, löslich sind. Geeignete Bindemittel sind hiernach hochmolekulare Substanzen, die alkalilöslich machende Gruppen tragen. Solche Gruppen sind beispielsweise Säureanhydrid-, Carboxyl-, Phenol-, Sulfosäure-, Sulfonamid- oder Sulfonimidgruppen.In addition to the film-forming and electrical properties as well as the adhesive strength on the substrate when used for printing forms or printed circuits, solubility properties play a particularly important role in the selection of binders. Those binders which are soluble in aqueous or alcoholic solvent systems, optionally with the addition of acid or alkali, are particularly suitable for practical purposes. According to this, suitable binders are high-molecular substances which carry groups which render alkali soluble. Such groups are, for example, acid anhydride, carboxyl, phenol, sulfonic acid, sulfonamide or sulfonimide groups.
Mischpolymerisate mit Anhydridgruppen können mit besonders gutem Erfolg verwendet werden. Ganz besonders geeignet sind Mischpolymerisate aus Ethylen- oder Styrol und Maleinsäureanhydrid bzw. Maleinsäurehalbester. Auch Phenolharze haben sich gut bewährt.Copolymers with anhydride groups can be used with particularly good results. Copolymers of ethylene or styrene and maleic anhydride or maleic acid semiesters are very particularly suitable. Phenolic resins have also proven their worth.
Als alkalilösliche Bindemittel können auch Mischpolymerisate aus Styrol, Methacrylsäure und Methacrylsäureester eingesetzt werden (DE-OS 27 55 851). Insbesondere wird ein Mischpolymerisat aus 1 bis 35 % Styrol, 10 bis 40 % Methacrylsäure und 35 bis 83% Methacrylsäure-n- hexylester verwendet. Hervorragend geeignet ist ein Terpolymerisat aus 10% Styrol, 30 % Methacrylsäure und 60 % Methacrylsäure-n-hexylester. Weiter sind Polyvinylacetate (PVAc), insbesondere Copolymerisate aus PVAc und Crotonsäure einsatzfähig.Copolymers of styrene, methacrylic acid and methacrylic acid esters can also be used as alkali-soluble binders (DE-OS 27 55 851). In particular, a copolymer of 1 to 35% styrene, 10 to 40% methacrylic acid and 35 to 83% methacrylic acid-n- hexyl ester used. A terpolymer made from 10% styrene, 30% methacrylic acid and 60% methacrylic acid n-hexyl ester is extremely suitable. Polyvinyl acetates (PVAc), in particular copolymers of PVAc and crotonic acid, can also be used.
Die eingesetzten Bindemittel können allein oder in Kombination zum Einsatz gelangen.The binders used can be used alone or in combination.
Das Mischungsverhältnis der Ladungen transportierenden Verbindung zu dem Bindemittel kann variieren. Jedoch sind durch die Forderung nach maximaler Photoempfindlichkeit, d.h. möglichst großem Anteil an Ladungstransportverbindung, und nach zu vermeidender Auskristallisation sowie Erhöhung der Flexibilität, d.h. möglichst großem Anteil an Bindemitteln, relativ bestimmte Grenzen gesetzt. Es hat sich allgmein ein Mischungsverhältnis von etwa 1 : 1 Gewichtsteilen als bevorzugt erwiesen, jedoch sind auch Verhältnisse zwischen 4 : 1 bis 1 : 4 geeignet.The mixing ratio of the charge transporting compound to the binder can vary. However, the requirement for maximum photosensitivity, i.e. as large a proportion of charge transport compound as possible, and after crystallization to be avoided and increased flexibility, i.e. as large a proportion of binders as possible, relatively certain limits. A mixing ratio of about 1: 1 parts by weight has generally proven to be preferred, but ratios between 4: 1 to 1: 4 are also suitable.
Bei Einsatz von polymeren Ladungstransportverbindungen, wie Brompyrenharz, Polyvinylcarbazol, sind Bindemittel-Anteile um oder unter 30 % geeignet.When using polymeric charge transport compounds such as bromopyrene resin, polyvinyl carbazole, binder proportions of around or below 30% are suitable.
Die jeweiligen Erfordernisse eines Kopiergerätes an die elektrophotographischen sowie mechanischen Eigenschaften des Aufzeichnungsmaterials können durch unterschiedliche Einstellung der Schichten, zum Beispiel Viskosität der Bindemittel, Anteil der Ladungen transportie renden Verbindung, in einem weiten Rahmen erfüllt werden.The respective requirements of a copying machine for the electrophotographic and mechanical properties of the recording material can be conveyed by different settings of the layers, for example viscosity of the binder, proportion of the charges connection, to be met in a wide range.
Neben der Transparenz der Ladungen transportierenden Schicht ist für die optimale Photoempfindlichkeit auch ihre Schichtdicke eine wichtige Größe: Schichtdicken zwischen etwa 2 und 25 µm werden im allgemeinen eingesetzt. Als besonders vorteilhaft hat sich ein Dickenbereich von 3 bis 15 µm erwiesen. Doch können, wenn es die mechanischen Erfordernisse sowie die elektrophotographischen Parameter (Aufladungs- und Entwicklungsstation) eines Kopiergerätes zulassen, die angegebenen Grenzen nach oben oder unten fallweise erweitert werden.In addition to the transparency of the charge-transporting layer, its layer thickness is also an important factor for optimal photosensitivity: layer thicknesses between approximately 2 and 25 μm are generally used. A thickness range of 3 to 15 μm has proven to be particularly advantageous. However, if the mechanical requirements and the electrophotographic parameters (charging and development station) of a copying machine permit, the specified limits can be extended upwards or downwards in individual cases.
Als übliche Zusätze gelten Verlaufmittel wie Silikonöle, Netzmittel, insbesondere nichtionogene Substanzen, Weichmacher unterschiedlicher Zusammensetzung, wie zum Beispiel solche auf Basis von Phthalsäureestern. Gegebenenfalls können der Ladungen transportierenden Schicht als Zusatz auch herkömmliche Sensibilisatoren und/oder Akzeptoren zugefügt werden, jedoch nur in dem Maße, daß ihre optische Transparenz nicht wesentlich beeinträchtigt wird.Leveling agents such as silicone oils, wetting agents, in particular nonionic substances, plasticizers of different compositions, such as, for example, those based on phthalic acid esters, are considered to be conventional additives. If necessary, conventional sensitizers and / or acceptors can also be added to the charge-transporting layer, but only to the extent that their optical transparency is not significantly impaired.
Die Erfindung wird anhand der Beispiele näher erläutert, ohne sie hierauf zu beschränken.The invention is explained in more detail with the aid of the examples, without being restricted thereto.
Eine aluminiumbedampfte Polyesterfolie als Trägermaterial wird bei 1,33 × 10⁻⁷ - 10⁻⁸ bar mit den Farbstoffen (Formeln 1 bis 4 der beigefügten Farbstofftabelle schonend bedampft; die Schichtdicken der homogenen, gelb-orangefarbenen Farbstoffschichten liegen im Bereich von 125 - 150 mg/m².An aluminum vapor-coated polyester film as the carrier material is gently vaporized at 1.33 × 10 Form - 10⁻⁸ bar with the dyes (formulas 1 to 4 of the attached dye table; the layer thicknesses of the homogeneous, yellow-orange colored dye layers are in the range of 125 - 150 mg / m².
Darauf wird eine Lösung aus gleichen Gewichtsteilen 2,5-Bis(4-diethylaminophenyl)-oxdiazol-1,3,4 (To 1920) und einem Mischpolymerisat aus Vinylchlorid und Vinylacetat (HostaflexR M131 der Hoechst AG) in Tetrahydrofuran aufgetragen. Nach Trocknung beträgt die Schichtdicke ca. 8 µm.
Die Vermessung der Photoempfindlichkeit geschieht wie folgt:A solution of equal parts by weight of 2,5-bis (4-diethylaminophenyl) -oxdiazole-1,3,4 (To 1920) and a copolymer of vinyl chloride and vinyl acetate (Hostaflex R M131 from Hoechst AG) in tetrahydrofuran is applied. After drying, the layer thickness is approx. 8 µm.
The photosensitivity is measured as follows:
Zur Ermittlung der Hellentladungskurven bewegt sich die Meßprobe auf einem sich drehenden Teller durch eine Aufladevorrichtung hindurch zur Belichtungsstation, wo sie mit einer Xenonlampe XBO 150 oder gegebenenfalls einer Halogen-Wolfram-Lampe (150 W) kontinuierlich belichtet wird. Ein Wärmeabsorptionsglas und ein Neutralfilter sind der Lampe vorgeschaltet. Die Lichtintensität in der Meßebene liegt im Bereich von 30 bis 50 µW/cm² oder von 5 bis 10 µW/cm². Sie wird unmittelbar nach oder parallel zur Ermittlung der Hellabfallkurve mit einem Optometer gemessen. Die Aufladungshöhe und die photoinduzierte Hellabfallkurve werden über ein Elek trometer durch eine transparente Sonde oszillographisch aufgezeichnet. Die Photoleiterschicht wird durch die Aufladungshöhe (Uo) und diejenige Zeit (T1/2) charakterisiert, nach der die Hälfte der Aufladung (Uo/2) erreicht ist. Das Produkt aus T1/2 (s) und der gemessenen Lichtintensität I (µW/cm²) ist die Halbwertsenergie E1/2 (µJ/cm²).
Mit einem Farbstoff nach Formel 3 wurde eine Aufdampfschicht mit einem Schichtgewicht von 125 mg/m², wie in Beispiel 1 beschrieben, hergestellt.A vapor deposition layer with a layer weight of 125 mg /
Darauf wurden Transportschichten aus 50 Gewichtsteilen To 1920 und folgenden Bindemitteln geschichtet:
- a) Polyurethan (40 Teile DesmolacR 2100, Bayer AG)/Cellulosenitrat (10 Teile CN nach Normtyp 4E, DIN 53179,
- b) Polycarbonat (50 Teile MakrolonR 2405, Bayer AG) sowie
- c) Polyvinylbutyral (50 Teile MowitalR B30H, Hoechst AG)
- a) Polyurethane (40 parts Desmolac R 2100, Bayer AG) / cellulose nitrate (10 parts CN according to standard type 4E, DIN 53179,
- b) polycarbonate (50 parts Makrolon R 2405, Bayer AG) and
- c) Polyvinyl butyral (50 parts Mowital R B30H, Hoechst AG)
Die Vermessung der Photoempfindlichkeit gemäß Beispiel 1 ergibt folgende Werte:
Die spektrale Photoempfindlichkeit der hergestellten Doppelschichten wird unter Vorschaltung von Filtern nach der in Beispiel 1 angegebenen Methode bestimmt: Bei negativer Aufladung (500 - 500 V) wird durch Belichten die Halbwertszeit (T1/2 in msec) für den jeweiligen Wellenlängenbereich ermittelt. Durch Auftragen der reziproken Halbwertsenergie 1/E1/2(cm²/µJ) gegen die Wellenlänge λ (nm) erhält man die spektrale Photoempfindlichkeitskurve. Dabie bedeutet die Halbwertsenergie E1/2(µJ/cm²) diejenige Lichtenergie, die eingestrahlt werden muß, um die Schicht auf die Hälfte der Anfangsspannung Uo zu entladen.The spectral photosensitivity of the double layers produced is determined with the use of filters using the method given in Example 1: In the case of negative charging (500-500 V), the half-life (T 1/2 in msec) for the respective wavelength range is determined by exposure. The spectral photosensitivity curve is obtained by plotting the reciprocal half-value energy 1 / E 1/2 (cm² / µJ) against the wavelength λ (nm). Dabie means the half-value energy E 1/2 (µJ / cm²) that light energy that must be irradiated in order to discharge the layer to half the initial voltage U o .
In Fig. 6 (Kurve 1) ist die spektrale Photoempfindlichkeit der Doppelschicht a) aufgezeichnet, die bei ca. -570 V Aufladung und unter Xenonbelichtung ermittelt wurde.6 (curve 1) shows the spectral photosensitivity of the double layer a), which was determined with a charge of approximately -570 V and under xenon exposure.
Eine Aufdampfschicht aus Farbstoff nach Formel 3 mit einer Schichtdicke von 285 mg/m² wird mit einer Lösung aus 65 Teilen To 1920 und 35 Teilen Cellulosenitrat vom Normtyp E 4 in Tetrahydrofuran in ca. 7 µm Dicke nach Trocknung beschichtet.A vapor deposition layer of dye according to
Die Photoempfindlichkeit wird wie in Beispiel 1 beschrieben bestimmt:
Die spektrale Photoempfindlichkeit wird bei einer negativen Aufladung von ca. 600 V mit einer Xenon XB0-Beleuchtung ermittelt (Fig. 6, Kurve 2).The spectral photosensitivity is determined with a negative charge of approx. 600 V using Xenon XB0 lighting (FIG. 6, curve 2).
Ein aluminiumbedampfter Polyesterschichtträger wird mit dem Farbstoff nach Formel Nr. 1 in 265 sowie 210 mg/m² Schichtdicke (a, b, e sowie c, d) homogen bei 10⁻⁷ bis 10⁻⁸ bar bedampft. Auf diese gut abdeckende, rote Farbstoffaufdampfschicht werden unterschiedliche Ladungstransportschichten in ca. 8 µm Dicke gebracht:
- a) 2(4-Diethylaminophenyl-)-4-chlor-5(4-methoxyphenyl)-oxazol und Polycarbonat,
- b) 2-(Phenyl-4(2-chlorphenyl)-5(4-diethylaminophenyl)-oxazol und Polycarbonat,
- c) Photoleiter wei b) und Polyesterharz (Dynapol R L 206 der Dynamit Nobel)
- d) 1,3,5-Triphenylpyrazolin und Polycarbonat sowie
- e) To 1920 und Polycarbonat.
- a) 2 (4-diethylaminophenyl -) - 4-chloro-5 (4-methoxyphenyl) oxazole and polycarbonate,
- b) 2- (phenyl-4 (2-chlorophenyl) -5 (4-diethylaminophenyl) oxazole and polycarbonate,
- c) white photoconductor b) and polyester resin (Dynapol R L 206 from Dynamit Nobel)
- d) 1,3,5-triphenylpyrazoline and polycarbonate and
- e) To 1920 and polycarbonate.
Das Mischungsverhältnis Photoleiterverbindung und Bindemittel ist dabei 1:1.The mixing ratio of photoconductor compound and binder is 1: 1.
Die Photoempfindlichkeit, wie in Beispiel 1 (Halogen-Wolfram-Lampe, I∼ 6,6 µW/cm²) vermessen, ergab folgende Werte:
Auf eine Aufdampfschicht aus Farbstoff nach Formel 1 mit 265 sowie 210 mg/m² Schichtdicke (a, b sowie c) werden folgende photoleitfähigen Verbindungen im Gewichtsverhältnis 1:1 mit Polycarbonat aufgeschleudert:
- a) 9-Ethylcarbazolyl-3-aldehyd-N-methyl-N-phenylhydrazon,
- b) 9-Ethylcarbazolyl-3-aldehyd-N,N-diphenylhydrazon sowie
- c) Bis(4-diethylamino-2-methylphenyl-)phenylmethan.
- a) 9-ethylcarbazolyl-3-aldehyde-N-methyl-N-phenylhydrazone,
- b) 9-ethylcarbazolyl-3-aldehyde-N, N-diphenylhydrazone and
- c) Bis (4-diethylamino-2-methylphenyl) phenylmethane.
Nach Trocknung betrug die Schichtdicke 8 - 9 µm, die Vermessung der Photoempfindlickkeit (Halogen-Wolfram-Lampe I ∼ 6,6 µW/cm²) ergab folgende Werte:
Eine Farbstoffaufampfschicht nach Beispiel 4 mit 50 mg/m² Schichtdicke wird mit einer Lösung aus 90 Teilen Polyvinylcarbazol (Luvican R M170, BASF) und 10 Teilen Polyesterharz (Adhesive 49.000 der du Pont) in Tetrahydrofuran in 4 bis 5 µm Dicke beschichtet. Die Photoempfindlichkeit E1/2 beträgt 3,06 µJ/cm² bei (-) 320 V.A dye vapor deposition layer according to Example 4 with a layer thickness of 50 mg /
Die Farbstoffdampfschicht nach Beispiel 4 mit 210 mg/m² Schichtgewicht wird mit folgenden Ladungstransportschichten im Gewichtsverhältnis 1:2 beschichtet:
- a) To 1920/Polymethacrylat (PM 381),
- b) To 1920/Copolymerisat aus Styrol und Maleinsäureanhydrid (ScripsetR 550 der Monsanto),
- c) To 1920 (65 Teile)/Cellulosenitrat (35 Teile),
- d) To 1920/Vinylchlorid/Vinylacetat-Copolymerisat (Hostaflex M131/Polyester-Harz (Dynapol L 206) im Gewichtsverhältnis 50:25:25.
- a) To 1920 / polymethacrylate (PM 381),
- b) To 1920 / copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride (Scripset R 550 from Monsanto),
- c) To 1920 (65 parts) / cellulose nitrate (35 parts),
- d) To 1920 / vinyl chloride / vinyl acetate copolymer (Hostaflex M131 / polyester resin (Dynapol L 206) in a weight ratio of 50:25:25.
Die Photoempfindlichkeit, nach Beispiel 1 vermessen, beträgt:
Die spektrale Photoempfindlichkeit von Schicht d) wurde gemäß Beispiel 2 im negativen Aufladungsbereich von 720 bis 760 V vermessen (Fig. 7).The spectral photosensitivity of layer d) was measured in accordance with Example 2 in the negative charging range from 720 to 760 V (FIG. 7).
Zu einer Lösung mit 45 Teilen To 1920, 45 Teilen Copolymerisat aus Styrol und Maleinsäureanhydrid (Scripset 550) sowie 5 Teilen Cellulosenitrat vom Normtyp 4E in Tetrahydrofuran wurden 5 Teile Farbstoff nach Formel 1 gegeben und in einer Kugelmühle während 2 Stunden sehr fein vermahlen. Anschließend wird diese Farbstoffdispersion auf eine drahtgebürstete Aluminiumfolie (100 µm) in ca. 8 µm Dicke beschichtet.5 parts of dye of formula 1 were added to a solution containing 45 parts of To 1920, 45 parts of copolymer of styrene and maleic anhydride (Scripset 550) and 5 parts of cellulose nitrate of the standard type 4E in tetrahydrofuran and very finely ground in a ball mill for 2 hours. This dye dispersion is then coated on a wire-brushed aluminum foil (100 µm) approximately 8 µm thick.
Die Vermessung der Photoempfindlichkeit nach Beispiel 1 ergibt bei positiver sowie negativer Aufladung (400 V) Halbwertsenergien von 11,5 sowie 11,9 µJ/cm² (Halogen-Wolfram-Lampe I∼6,5 µW/cm²).The measurement of the photosensitivity according to Example 1 results in positive and negative charging (400 V) half-value energies of 11.5 and 11.9 µJ / cm² (tungsten halogen lamp I∼6.5 µW / cm²).
Eine Mischung aus 2 Teilen Farbstoff nach Formel 3 und 1 Teil Cellulosenitrat vom Normtyp 4E (DIN 53 179) werden zusammen in Tetrahydrofuran während ca. 3 Stunden in einer Kugelmühle intensiv vermahlen. Die feindisperse Lösung wird dann auf eine aluminiumbefampfte Polyesterfolie in einer Dicke von etwa 150 mg/m² homogen aufgetragen und getrocknet.A mixture of 2 parts of dye according to
Darauf wird eine Lösung aus 2 Teilen To 1920 und 1 Teil Cellulosenitrat in Tetrahydrofuran geschichtet. Nach Trocknung besitz die Doppelschichtanordnung eine Schichtgewicht von 12,7 g/m². Die Photoempfindlichkeit beri einer Aufladung von -410 beträgt
E1/2 = 8,9 µJ/cm² (Halogen-Wolfram-Lampe,
I ∼ 6,8 µW/cm²).
E 1/2 = 8.9 µJ / cm² (halogen tungsten lamp,
I ∼ 6.8 µW / cm²).
Claims (5)
R₂ = Wasserstoff, eine Hydroxy-, eine C₁-C₄-Alkoxy, eine Cyanogruppe oder -COOR mit R- Wasserstoff oder C₁-C₄-Alkyl,
R₃ = Sulfophenyl, Cyano, Acetyl oder -COOR mit R in der vorstehend beschriebenen Bedeutung, eine Benzoaxazolyl-, Benzimidazolyl- oder Benzthiazolylgruppe,
R₄ = Wasserstoff oder Halogen
und
R₅ = Wasserstoff, die Cyanogruppe oder -COOR mit R wie vorstehend beschrieben,
bedeuten.2. Recording material according to claim 1, characterized in that the dye is a compound of the general formula in which R₁ = hydrogen or a C₁-C₄-alkyl group, which can be substituted by halogen and / or by C₁-C₄-alkoxy groups, an optionally substituted cycloalkyl- or phenyl group,
R₂ = hydrogen, a hydroxy-, a C₁-C₄-alkoxy, a cyano group or -COOR with R- hydrogen or C₁-C₄-alkyl,
R₃ = sulfophenyl, cyano, acetyl or -COOR with R in the meaning described above, a benzoaxazolyl, benzimidazolyl or benzthiazolyl group,
R₄ = hydrogen or halogen
and
R₅ = hydrogen, the cyano group or -COOR with R as described above,
mean.
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE19853535838 DE3535838A1 (en) | 1985-10-08 | 1985-10-08 | ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDING MATERIAL |
DE3535838 | 1985-10-08 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0218981A2 true EP0218981A2 (en) | 1987-04-22 |
EP0218981A3 EP0218981A3 (en) | 1987-06-16 |
EP0218981B1 EP0218981B1 (en) | 1990-03-28 |
Family
ID=6283019
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP86113419A Expired - Lifetime EP0218981B1 (en) | 1985-10-08 | 1986-09-30 | Electrophotographic-recording material |
Country Status (4)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4725520A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0218981B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS62125362A (en) |
DE (2) | DE3535838A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US5116709A (en) * | 1989-06-13 | 1992-05-26 | Industrial Technology Research Institute | Electrophotoreceptor using styrene-maleic anhydride copolymer as the polymeric binder |
US5139909A (en) * | 1990-07-31 | 1992-08-18 | Xerox Corporation | Perinone photoconductive imaging members |
Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2182125A1 (en) * | 1972-04-26 | 1973-12-07 | Kalle Ag | Electrophotographic registration material - highly light sensitive, good abrasion resistance, etc |
Family Cites Families (7)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3879200A (en) * | 1970-12-01 | 1975-04-22 | Xerox Corp | Novel xerographic plate containing photoinjecting bis-benzimidazole pigments |
NL180460C (en) * | 1972-04-26 | 1987-02-16 | Hoechst Ag | ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC REGISTRATION EQUIPMENT. |
DE2353639C2 (en) * | 1973-10-26 | 1983-08-04 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | Electrophotographic recording material |
DE3110960A1 (en) * | 1981-03-20 | 1982-09-30 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDING MATERIAL |
DE3339540A1 (en) * | 1983-11-02 | 1985-05-09 | Basf Ag, 6700 Ludwigshafen | ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDING MATERIAL |
DE3502681A1 (en) * | 1985-01-26 | 1986-07-31 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDING MATERIAL |
DE3502689A1 (en) * | 1985-01-26 | 1986-07-31 | Hoechst Ag, 6230 Frankfurt | ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDING MATERIAL |
-
1985
- 1985-10-08 DE DE19853535838 patent/DE3535838A1/en not_active Withdrawn
-
1986
- 1986-09-30 DE DE8686113419T patent/DE3669934D1/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1986-09-30 EP EP86113419A patent/EP0218981B1/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1986-10-08 JP JP61238172A patent/JPS62125362A/en active Pending
- 1986-10-08 US US06/916,652 patent/US4725520A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
Patent Citations (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
FR2182125A1 (en) * | 1972-04-26 | 1973-12-07 | Kalle Ag | Electrophotographic registration material - highly light sensitive, good abrasion resistance, etc |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
JPS62125362A (en) | 1987-06-06 |
EP0218981B1 (en) | 1990-03-28 |
EP0218981A3 (en) | 1987-06-16 |
DE3669934D1 (en) | 1990-05-03 |
DE3535838A1 (en) | 1987-04-09 |
US4725520A (en) | 1988-02-16 |
Similar Documents
Publication | Publication Date | Title |
---|---|---|
EP0210521B1 (en) | Electrophotographic recording material | |
EP0061089B1 (en) | Electrophotographic recording material | |
EP0061092B1 (en) | Electrophotographic recording material | |
DE3124396C2 (en) | ||
DE3329054C2 (en) | ||
DE2756858B2 (en) | ||
DE2220408A1 (en) | ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDING MATERIAL AND METHOD FOR MANUFACTURING IT | |
EP0061090B1 (en) | Electrophotographic recording material | |
EP0040402B1 (en) | Electrophotographic recording material | |
DE2242627C2 (en) | Electrophotographic recording material | |
DE2557430C3 (en) | Electrophotographic recording material | |
DE2355075C2 (en) | Condensation products of o-phenylenediamine or 1,8-diaminonaphthalene and 4,10-benzthioxanthene-3,1'-dicarboxylic acid anhydride, process for their preparation and their use | |
EP0093329B1 (en) | Electrographic recording materials with special compounds transporting charge carriers | |
DE3502689A1 (en) | ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDING MATERIAL | |
EP0113437B1 (en) | Electrophotographic recording material | |
EP0218981B1 (en) | Electrophotographic-recording material | |
EP0220604B1 (en) | Electrophotographic-recording material | |
DE4028519C2 (en) | Electrophotographic recording material | |
EP0231835B1 (en) | Electro photographic recording material | |
DE2822762A1 (en) | PHOTOCONDUCTIVE RECORDING MATERIAL | |
EP0061091B1 (en) | Electrophotographic recording material | |
DE2822764A1 (en) | ELECTROPHOTOGRAPHIC RECORDING MATERIAL | |
DE2059540B2 (en) | Electrophotographic recording material with a photoconductive layer | |
EP0089602B1 (en) | Electrophotographic recording material | |
DE2246255C2 (en) | Electrophotographic recording material |
Legal Events
Date | Code | Title | Description |
---|---|---|---|
PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009012 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A2 Designated state(s): DE FR GB NL |
|
PUAL | Search report despatched |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009013 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: A3 Designated state(s): DE FR GB NL |
|
17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19871105 |
|
17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19890503 |
|
GRAA | (expected) grant |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009210 |
|
AK | Designated contracting states |
Kind code of ref document: B1 Designated state(s): DE FR GB NL |
|
REF | Corresponds to: |
Ref document number: 3669934 Country of ref document: DE Date of ref document: 19900503 |
|
ET | Fr: translation filed | ||
GBT | Gb: translation of ep patent filed (gb section 77(6)(a)/1977) | ||
PLBE | No opposition filed within time limit |
Free format text: ORIGINAL CODE: 0009261 |
|
STAA | Information on the status of an ep patent application or granted ep patent |
Free format text: STATUS: NO OPPOSITION FILED WITHIN TIME LIMIT |
|
26N | No opposition filed | ||
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Payment date: 19920811 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Payment date: 19920817 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Payment date: 19920930 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PGFP | Annual fee paid to national office [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Payment date: 19921114 Year of fee payment: 7 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: GB Effective date: 19930930 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: NL Effective date: 19940401 |
|
NLV4 | Nl: lapsed or anulled due to non-payment of the annual fee | ||
GBPC | Gb: european patent ceased through non-payment of renewal fee |
Effective date: 19930930 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: FR Free format text: LAPSE BECAUSE OF NON-PAYMENT OF DUE FEES Effective date: 19940531 |
|
PG25 | Lapsed in a contracting state [announced via postgrant information from national office to epo] |
Ref country code: DE Effective date: 19940601 |
|
REG | Reference to a national code |
Ref country code: FR Ref legal event code: ST |