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EP0218632A1 - Vehicule electrique - Google Patents

Vehicule electrique

Info

Publication number
EP0218632A1
EP0218632A1 EP86902172A EP86902172A EP0218632A1 EP 0218632 A1 EP0218632 A1 EP 0218632A1 EP 86902172 A EP86902172 A EP 86902172A EP 86902172 A EP86902172 A EP 86902172A EP 0218632 A1 EP0218632 A1 EP 0218632A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
vehicle
drive train
power
control means
power source
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP86902172A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Inventor
Piet B. Bos
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Individual
Original Assignee
Individual
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Individual filed Critical Individual
Publication of EP0218632A1 publication Critical patent/EP0218632A1/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B60—VEHICLES IN GENERAL
    • B60L—PROPULSION OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; SUPPLYING ELECTRIC POWER FOR AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRODYNAMIC BRAKE SYSTEMS FOR VEHICLES IN GENERAL; MAGNETIC SUSPENSION OR LEVITATION FOR VEHICLES; MONITORING OPERATING VARIABLES OF ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES; ELECTRIC SAFETY DEVICES FOR ELECTRICALLY-PROPELLED VEHICLES
    • B60L50/00—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle
    • B60L50/50—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells
    • B60L50/60—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries
    • B60L50/61—Electric propulsion with power supplied within the vehicle using propulsion power supplied by batteries or fuel cells using power supplied by batteries by batteries charged by engine-driven generators, e.g. series hybrid electric vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/62—Hybrid vehicles
    • Y—GENERAL TAGGING OF NEW TECHNOLOGICAL DEVELOPMENTS; GENERAL TAGGING OF CROSS-SECTIONAL TECHNOLOGIES SPANNING OVER SEVERAL SECTIONS OF THE IPC; TECHNICAL SUBJECTS COVERED BY FORMER USPC CROSS-REFERENCE ART COLLECTIONS [XRACs] AND DIGESTS
    • Y02—TECHNOLOGIES OR APPLICATIONS FOR MITIGATION OR ADAPTATION AGAINST CLIMATE CHANGE
    • Y02T—CLIMATE CHANGE MITIGATION TECHNOLOGIES RELATED TO TRANSPORTATION
    • Y02T10/00—Road transport of goods or passengers
    • Y02T10/60—Other road transportation technologies with climate change mitigation effect
    • Y02T10/70—Energy storage systems for electromobility, e.g. batteries

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a battery-power vehicle. More particularly, the invention relates to an electric vehicle adapted for on-the-road long distance driving and being provided with a combined energy-generating system including a plurality of batteries and a small internal combustion engine.
  • U. S. Pat. No. 3,8991,041 which describes an electric vehicle having an electronic solid state controller for governing the speed of the vehicle
  • U. S. Pat. No. 3,915, 2.51 discloses an electric vehicle using a speed control system including a DC motor in conjunction with a torque converter
  • U. S. Pat. No. 3,943,420 teaches a battery-powered vehicle having a variable speed controller and a manual range control for changing the speed range capability
  • U. S. Pat. No. 4,042,055 covers a local transportation vehicle, such as an electrically propelled light service car equipped with a quick change battery pack loadable and unloadable by a manually-operated dolly
  • U. S. Pat. No. 4,498,551 describes a battery-driven car having a microprocessor control system for recharging the batteries and controlling the routing of electrical power to and from battery pack and voltage booster.
  • the drawbacks and disadvantages of the prior art are overcome by the present invention which provides a vehicle having a novel power-generating system featuring a new approach to the battery-driven cars known at this time.
  • a battery-powered vehicle adapted for on-the-road long driving range having a chassis including a load-supporting structure and a body, comprising in combination as essential elements:
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram illustrating in block form the essential components of the vehicle according to the invention.
  • FIG. 1 illustrates the basic components of the present invention in block form.
  • a battery-powered vehicle generally indicated by reference numeral 10 is connected to on-board microprocessor means 18 which, in turn, is directly connected to energy system 12, power control 16 and drive train 14. It will be noted that power control 16 is also interconnected to energy system 12 and drive train 14.
  • the invention is described herein for purposes of illustration in connection with a luxury high performance automobile, it is likewise applicable to any four-wheeled passenger automobile of the type currently manufactured or assembled in the United States as well as in a number of other countries. Moreover, the invention is also applicable to other types of motorized personal or commercial vehicles, such as vans, trucks and the like, having an upper body and a chassis including a frame, suspension system, rotatably-mounted wheels, steering mechanism, load-supporting structure and other conventional components connected therewith.
  • the energy-generating system in accordance with the invention comprises essentially a primary power source comprising a battery pack consisting of a plurality of high power density batteries connected in series and mounted on the load-supporting structure preferably in the front and in tne rear of the vehicle in such a manner that their total weight is substantially evenly distributed thereon.
  • a battery pack consisting of a plurality of high power density batteries connected in series and mounted on the load-supporting structure preferably in the front and in tne rear of the vehicle in such a manner that their total weight is substantially evenly distributed thereon.
  • the seale bipolar lead-acid batteries with a high ratio of specific power to specific energy are preferred, other types of batteries, such as nickel-iron or nickel-zinc may likewise be employed providing that they are capable of generabing sufficient power in the range of from about 150 watts/kg. up to about 1000 watts/kg., preferably between 200 watts/kg.
  • the battery fraction (the weight of the batteries in relation to the weight of the vehicle) may vary from about 5% to about 25% of the total curb weight of the vehicle, the fraction of about 10% to 20% being normally preferred.
  • a vehicle having a curb weight of 1400 kg. would generally require a pack of 7 batteries weighing about 30 kg. each.
  • the batteries are electrically connected in the usual manner to the drive motor for supply of power thereto. While recharging of the batteries by a separate source of power is normally not required for long distance driving of up to about 400 miles (640 km.), the system provides current for recharging the batteries and storing energy therein during downhill braking or deceleration. When a vehicle is driven a long distance, it is often desirable to refuel it so that it would be ready for another long distance drive. An all-electric vehicle, on the other hand, necessitates an overnight recharge of batteries after being driven a relatively short distance.
  • the secondary power source provided for a vehicle of the invention comprises a separate small, auxiliary internal combustion engine which is adapted to supply additional power to the primary power source for driving the generator, for hill climbing and for the operation of optional equipment aboard the vehicle, such as air-conditioning, heating, ventillation,power windows, audio system, etc. While a conventional internal combustion engine is entirely suitable, a fuel injection engine or a free piston engine are likewise satisfactory. Moreover, a small fuel cell may be employed instead of an engine, if desired.
  • the auxiliary engine is characterized by low power in the range of from about 10 HP to 40 HP (7.5 kw. to 30 kw.), preferably from about 15 HP to 25 HP (11.25 kw. to 18.75 kw.), compared to a substantially higher power of engines in the conventional vehicles now in use.
  • the weight of the auxiliary engine represents approximately 2% to 10% of the curb weight of the vehicle of the invention, the typical weight thereof being about 60 kg. compared to a normal weight of about 350 kg. for a standard large size automobile.
  • a small capacity tank is sufficient to insure adequate liquid fuel supply for the auxiliary engine.
  • the electromechanical drive train of the invention includes a single motor adapted to be energized by direct or alternating current flow, preferably an AC drive motor, coupled with an appropriate gear reduction means, such as, for example, about 10:1 ratio, required to provide the desired number of revolutions per minute to the differential and shafts as required to transfer power from the motor to the driven wheels.
  • the drive train may include an individual motor connected to each wheel or to a pair of wheels.
  • the selection of a motor is dependent on the curb weight of the vehicle as well as on the desired rate of acceleration, the achievable high rate of which is about 8 seconds from 0 to 60 miles/hour (96 km./hr.).
  • the motor may be connected to front wheel drive disposed in some vehicles.
  • a recently developed two-stroke engine providing a 60% reduction in weight at a given power rating is also suitable for use in the drive train.
  • a free-piston engine-alternator having a high overall efficiency and low pollutant emission is likewise satisfactory.
  • the power control means which is interconnected with the energy-generating system and the drive train comprises a plurality of high power semiconductors or transistors known in the art and is adapted to control the drive train in the acceleration of the vehicle speed from 0 to a desired maximum speed in shortest possible time, thereby insuring optimum performance of the vehicle, for example 8.2 seconds acceleration time from 0 to 60 miles/hour (96 km./hr.).
  • the on-board microprocessor system which is the fourth essential element of the present invention provides control of the power control means, determines optimum electricity and fuel usage during operation of the vehicle and integrates the drive train, power control means and energy-generating system, thereby being instrumental in achieving highly efficient performance of the vehicle.
  • the system is designed to calculate the relative usage of the fuel and electrical power, to control acceleration, to monitor all lights in the vehicle and the mechanical components, to indicate the speed of the vehicle and to program on-board battery charging by activating the internal combustion engine when required.
  • Any suitable computer capable of performing the hereinabove mentioned functions and, if desired, augmented to perform any additional functions may be employed in the vehicle of the invention.
  • the high performance of a 5-passenger dual-powered vehicle (DPV) of the present invention is compared with that of an all-electric vehicle (AEV) and an internal combustion engine vehicle (ICV), the vehicles being of substantially the same curb weight of about 1425 kg. (3135 lbs.), the weight of the all-electric vehicle being somewhat higher due to the higher weight of the batteries required to achieve the same acceleration time of 8.2 seconds from 0 to 60 miles/hour.
  • AEV all-electric vehicle
  • ICV internal combustion engine vehicle
  • the vehicle of the present invention has a long sought capability of high performance over a long distance for a period of several hours at a reduced operational cost.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Sustainable Development (AREA)
  • Sustainable Energy (AREA)
  • Power Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Arrangement Or Mounting Of Propulsion Units For Vehicles (AREA)

Abstract

Le véhicule ci-décrit possède un double système de production d'énergie (12) comprenant une combinaison d'une pluralité de batteries à densité élevée de courant et d'un petit moteur à combustion interne. Le véhicule, de conception simple, permet une conduite routière sur de longues distances avec une économie de carburant et une réduction du niveau sonore et de la pollution substantielles.
EP86902172A 1985-04-17 1986-03-18 Vehicule electrique Withdrawn EP0218632A1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US72410585A 1985-04-17 1985-04-17
US724105 1985-04-17

Publications (1)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0218632A1 true EP0218632A1 (fr) 1987-04-22

Family

ID=24909026

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86902172A Withdrawn EP0218632A1 (fr) 1985-04-17 1986-03-18 Vehicule electrique

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0218632A1 (fr)
WO (1) WO1986006009A1 (fr)

Families Citing this family (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
SE468133B (sv) * 1989-01-30 1992-11-09 Carlqvist Stig G Motor Consult Saett och anordning foer styrning av ett energiomvandlingssystem
ES2095522T3 (es) * 1992-07-01 1997-02-16 Smh Management Services Ag Sistema de propulsion para un vehiculo.
FR2694524B1 (fr) * 1992-08-05 1994-09-30 Smh Management Services Ag Système de propulsion pour un véhicule.
CH687307A5 (fr) * 1992-07-01 1996-11-15 Smh Management Services Ag Ensemble de propulsion d'un véhicule.
US5418437A (en) * 1992-11-16 1995-05-23 Hydro-Quebec Motor vehicle drive system for a motor vehicle having an electric motor system, and a method of operating said drive system
IT1297265B1 (it) * 1997-06-24 1999-08-09 Electrolux Euroclean Italia Sp Veicolo semovente con sistema motore-perfezionato
US20230241943A1 (en) * 2022-02-03 2023-08-03 Kamil Podhola Auxiliary engine electric car heating system

Family Cites Families (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE2153961A1 (de) * 1971-10-29 1973-05-03 Volkswagenwerk Ag Hybrid-antrieb
US4269280A (en) * 1978-05-05 1981-05-26 Rosen Charles L Propulsion system for automotive vehicles
US4313080A (en) * 1978-05-22 1982-01-26 Battery Development Corporation Method of charge control for vehicle hybrid drive batteries
DE2943554A1 (de) * 1979-10-27 1981-05-07 Volkswagenwerk Ag Hybrid-antrieb fuer ein fahrzeug, insbesondere kraftfahrzeug
US4407132A (en) * 1980-02-20 1983-10-04 Daihatsu Motor Co., Ltd. Control apparatus and method for engine/electric hybrid vehicle
US4470476A (en) * 1981-11-16 1984-09-11 Hunt Hugh S Hybrid vehicles

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
See references of WO8606009A1 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
WO1986006009A1 (fr) 1986-10-23

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