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EP0200614B1 - Procédé et dispositif d'extraction de graisse d'une matière animale - Google Patents

Procédé et dispositif d'extraction de graisse d'une matière animale Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0200614B1
EP0200614B1 EP86400752A EP86400752A EP0200614B1 EP 0200614 B1 EP0200614 B1 EP 0200614B1 EP 86400752 A EP86400752 A EP 86400752A EP 86400752 A EP86400752 A EP 86400752A EP 0200614 B1 EP0200614 B1 EP 0200614B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
zone
fat
sleeve
screws
extraction
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP86400752A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0200614A1 (fr
Inventor
Jean-Yves Roze
Christian Mange
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Clextral SAS
Original Assignee
Clextral SAS
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Clextral SAS filed Critical Clextral SAS
Priority to AT86400752T priority Critical patent/ATE35282T1/de
Publication of EP0200614A1 publication Critical patent/EP0200614A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0200614B1 publication Critical patent/EP0200614B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11B—PRODUCING, e.g. BY PRESSING RAW MATERIALS OR BY EXTRACTION FROM WASTE MATERIALS, REFINING OR PRESERVING FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES, e.g. LANOLIN, FATTY OILS OR WAXES; ESSENTIAL OILS; PERFUMES
    • C11B1/00—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials
    • C11B1/06—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by pressing
    • C11B1/08—Production of fats or fatty oils from raw materials by pressing by hot pressing
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/121—Screw constructions
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B30—PRESSES
    • B30B—PRESSES IN GENERAL
    • B30B9/00—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes
    • B30B9/02—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material
    • B30B9/12—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing
    • B30B9/16—Presses specially adapted for particular purposes for squeezing-out liquid from liquid-containing material, e.g. juice from fruits, oil from oil-containing material using pressing worms or screws co-operating with a permeable casing operating with two or more screws or worms

Definitions

  • the subject of the invention is a method and a device for extracting fat from animal material and applies especially to the recovery of fat contained in slaughterhouse waste.
  • slaughterhouse waste that has no particular use contains a large proportion of fat associated at least with water and a protein tissue. To enhance these products, they are therefore usually subjected to a temperature rise allowing the fat to be melted so as to separate the melted fat from the residue containing the proteins.
  • the heating of the material is carried out in large tanks, either by injection of water vapor, or by heating of the wall of the tank, this process, known as “dry cast iron” making it possible not to add to the material a quantity of water which must then be eliminated. In order to obtain sufficient efficiency, it is customary to process large quantities of material in large installations.
  • the melting of the fat is completed, it is extracted, for example by pressing in a screw press allowing the molten fat to be removed by filtration, the residue, called "creton", being recovered apart.
  • the subject of the invention is a new method making it possible to remedy such drawbacks.
  • the melting and then the extraction of the fat is carried out continuously by passing animal material through at least two successive zones, respectively of melting and extraction, of a single enclosure in the form of an elongated sheath provided , in the melting zone, of heating means and in the extraction zone, of filtering walls for the passage of the melted fat, said sheath enveloping two nested transport screws driven in rotation, and the animal material, introduced continuously by a feed orifice placed at one end, respectively upstream, of the sleeve and driven downstream by the rotation of the screws is successively subjected, in the melting zone, to progressive heating up to the vaporization temperature of the water, with combined kneading and pressure build-up to a level sufficient to maintain the superheated water in the dissolved state, then to a sudden expansion with evaporation of the water and evacuation of the vape ur by an orifice in the central part of the sheath, the material thus dried being maintained by heating the sheath to the melting temperature of the fat and then
  • the material is subjected by the latter, at least in the melting zone, to kneading effects with shearing capable of causing the bursting of the protein tissue by promoting fat melting.
  • the animal material in the melting zone, is heated to a temperature of around 90 ° C during the pressure build-up step, then reheated to a temperature of around 105 ° C after the expansion step, the latter being carried out by placing the water vapor discharge orifice under vacuum.
  • the material can then be subjected to a new pressure increase, then to an expansion with heating to a temperature of the order of 115 ° C before passing into the fat extraction zone.
  • the material is advantageously subjected to successive compressions against the filtering walls with rolling effect, the residue being extruded under pressure by a die placed at the downstream end of the sheath.
  • the animal material introduced through the feed orifice can be subjected to a first pressure rise allowing complete filling of the screws and forming a continuous plug capable of withstanding at the steam pressure downstream and, during this operation, the temperature of the material is maintained by cooling the barrel to a level not exceeding approximately 50 ° C.
  • the invention also covers the device for implementing the method consisting of a screw conveyor comprising at least two transport screws driven in rotation inside an elongated sheath comprising at least three zones successive, respectively, in the direction of transport of the screws, an upstream feed zone in which the sheath is provided with an orifice for introducing animal material, a central fusion zone in which the sheath is provided with means heating and, in its central part, a degassing orifice opening widely on the screws and a downstream extraction zone in which the sheath is provided with filtering walls for the evacuation of the melted fat, the screws being provided helical threads or other peripheral processing members determining the downstream transport of the material with a combined kneading, rolling and shearing effect, said threads being made up of successive sections with varying pitch determining, from upstream to downstream, in the melting zone at least two stages, respectively, of pressure build-up and expansion in line with the central degassing orifice and, in the extraction zone, a pressure build-up allowing ex
  • the screws are provided, in the melting zone, with threads successively determining, in the direction of transport, a pressure increasing section, a first braking section with kneading and shearing, for the formation a continuous plug tight to the water vaporization pressure, a pressure mixing section, an expansion section and a second braking section with pressure build-up.
  • the screws are provided with threads with pitch not reversed with respect to the direction of transport and provided with downstream passage openings of a controlled flow of material with shearing effect and, in the second braking section, the screws consist of a stack of eccentric discs.
  • the machine for carrying out the method is of the type of screw conveyors and is constituted, in general, by an elongated enclosure constituting a sheath 1 inside of which are placed two transport screw 2 driven in rotation by a motor 20.
  • Each screw consists of a central shaft 21 around which are wound helical threads 3 or other peripheral processing members such as, in the example shown, kneader discs 30.
  • the screw conveyor 1 consists of several successive zones each corresponding to a particular function. In general, one can distinguish, from upstream to downstream in the direction of transport of the screws, a feeding zone A, a fat melting zone B, an extraction zone C grease and a residue exit zone D.
  • the sheath 1 is provided at its upstream end with a supply orifice 11 opening widely onto the two screws 2 and 2 '. Over the entire supply zone A which extends to the right of the supply orifice 11 and a little downstream thereof, the sheath 1 is provided with a cooling system 12 consisting for example of channels provided inside the sleeve and connected to a circuit 12 ′ for supplying and discharging cooling water.
  • a cooling system 12 consisting for example of channels provided inside the sleeve and connected to a circuit 12 ′ for supplying and discharging cooling water.
  • the melting zone B constitutes the major part of the sheath 2 and extends, in the central part of the latter, over at least half of its length.
  • the sheath 1 is provided with heating means constituted for example by sleeves 13 which surround it externally and which can operate by induction or else by circulation of a heat transfer fluid.
  • sleeves 13 which surround it externally and which can operate by induction or else by circulation of a heat transfer fluid.
  • a number of adjoining sleeves are used to adjust the temperatures in successive zones of the melting zone B.
  • the sheath is provided with an opening 14 opening largely on the screws and which opens into an enclosure 15 which can be placed in communication with a vacuum pump.
  • the sheath is provided with filtering walls 16 which, as indicated diagrammatically in FIG. 2, may consist of shells covering a large part of the periphery of the screws, according to the arrangement described in French patent application 2,439,083 filed on October 16, 1978.
  • the sheath 1 is provided with at least one outlet orifice 17 which can advantageously consist of two dies each disposed in the axis of a screw.
  • the screws advantageously consist of fluted shafts on which are sleeves fitted internally with corresponding grooves and externally with peripheral organs for transporting and processing the material such as helical threads or discs eccentric.
  • each screw may be made up of successive sections with varied pitch, the characteristics of which will determine particular conditions of transport and treatment of the material entrained by the rotation of the screws, for example a rise in pressure, a mixing with shearing effect , trigger, rolling effects, etc.
  • the material introduced by the feed orifice 11 is rapidly drawn downstream and is distributed inside the threads.
  • the sheath 1 is cooled by the channels 12 so as to delay the melting of the material to promote its entrainment by the threads.
  • the material then passes into the melting zone B which extends over the greater part of the machine and in any case over more than half of the sheath and can be subdivided into a number of successive parts.
  • the material is first melted by heating the sheath by means of a certain number of heating chambers 13.
  • the feeding zone A is followed by a first tight-pitch section 32 which, by braking effect, makes it possible to fill the threads. Furthermore, in the case, in particular, where the two screws 2 are identical and rotate in the same direction, the material driven by pumping effect tends to pass from one screw to another, which promotes a kneading effect and renewal of the parts in contact with the sleeve 1. A first temperature rise is thus carried out, the degree of which can be adjusted by a particular heating sleeve 131 corresponding to the first sector 32 of the screws.
  • This sector is followed by a second section in which the threads 33 have an inverted pitch and are provided with openings or windows 330 which are cut in the threads and extend radially between the shaft 2 and the periphery of the thread 33. These openings are distributed regularly around the shaft, and in equal number on the two screws and these are wedged so that two openings come into coincidence simultaneously in the engagement zone of the two screws. As a result, in this zone, the simultaneous and opposite passage of the windows 330 makes it possible to periodically pass downstream a certain amount of material while the rest of the material is retained in the nets by the effect of the steps reversed.
  • the temperature of the material is gradually raised to a temperature of the order of 100 ° C.
  • the water contained in the material should therefore evaporate but it is kept dissolved inside the material thanks to the compression effect due to the screws and to the continuous plug formed by the compressed material in the step braking section. inverted 33.
  • This kneading effect combined with heating, promotes the breakdown of protein tissue and the fusion of fat.
  • the material becomes very fluid, but can however be entrained by the screws due to the pumping effect due to the use of two nested thread screws.
  • the material then reaches the degassing zone B2 consisting of a sector 35 with an enlarged pitch and where it is subjected to a sudden expansion effect.
  • this sector 35 it is even possible to use double threads so as to carry out a rapid drive downstream of the material which is distributed around the trees without filling the threads.
  • the evaporation of the water previously dissolved in the material is therefore favored and the water vapor produced is sucked in through the central orifice 14 which, having a diameter of the order of that of the screws, opens widely onto those -this and is covered by a closed enclosure 15 connected to a vacuum pump.
  • the suction effect can occur over the entire length of area B2. This results in a complete degassing of the material which, at the end of the zone B2, contains practically no more water.
  • the sheath 1 is surrounded by a heating sleeve 133 starting immediately downstream of the degassing orifice 14 and extending over the downstream part of section B2 and on the third part B3 of the fusion zone.
  • the latter preferably comprises a section 36 consisting of a stack of mixing discs.
  • the latter can advantageously be eccentric, the line of the centers rotating in a helix around the axis of each screw, as shown in FIG. 2.
  • These mixing discs have the effect in particular of slowing down the material and consequently of increase the fill rate of the threads and the kneading effect in the downstream part of section 35, which determines an increase in temperature which, under the combined action of the heating sleeve 133, can rise above 100 ° C, for example of the order of 105 ° C.
  • the passage in section 36 also determines a rolling effect which makes it possible to homogenize the material and to expel completely the water which can go up forward passing through the parts not filled with threads to be sucked through port 14.
  • the material is taken up by a section 37 provided with threads with an enlarged pitch in which the dried material, and still heated by a heating sleeve 134, is homogenized then compressed again to pass into the zone of C. filtration
  • the screws are made up of a fairly large number of eccentric mixing discs 38 which determine a braking effect and therefore compression of the material upstream.
  • the role of the mixing discs is essentially to crush the material against the walls of the sheath which, as shown in FIG. 2, consist of filtering shells 16.
  • the wall consists of parallel arches 161, placed substantially in planes perpendicular to the axes of the screws and having inward rectilinear faces separated by slots of very small width.
  • the arches 161 are based on external rules 162 parallel to the axis.
  • the assembly forms shells provided at the ends of flanges 163 which can be applied against rules 164, 165 provided towards the inside of the sheath with V-shaped cylindrical sectors reconstituting the central part of the sheath.
  • the planes of the flanges 163 advantageously form an angle opening upwards so that the rule 164 covers a wider sector than the rule 165. This results in easier evacuation grease discharged in the liquid state through the slots placed between the arches 161 under the action of the mixing discs.
  • the residual material essentially consisting of protein tissue and often called "creton" is taken up by a final compression section 39 to be extruded by the die 17 placed at the downstream end of the sheath. This last compression and the extrusion make it possible to carry out a final expulsion of the fat which is evacuated through the filtering zone 16.
  • the screws were driven at an average speed of 50 rpm.
  • the filtering walls consisted of circular bars of width 3 mm separated by intervals of a few '/ ' 0 of mm.
  • the entrained material was maintained at a temperature of 50 ° C in the feed zone A, then, successively, 90 ° C in the zone B i , 105 ° C in the zone B 2 , 125 ° C in zone 8 3 .
  • the method according to the invention it is possible on the contrary to associate an installation according to the invention with a slaughterhouse even of medium size so as to treat the waste as and when it is produced, the characteristics of the device can be adapted to the size of the slaughterhouse and the nature of the waste. They are thus treated immediately, which eliminates both the risk of deterioration and pollution. It is easy to obtain, under these conditions, a so-called “first juice” grease with less than 1% acidity depending on the quality of the raw material.
  • Another advantage of the process also lies in the fact that, by keeping the material at a high temperature throughout the extraction process, there is no risk of contamination.
  • a reagent into the sheath.
  • the introduction of the reagent into the sheath could be done through an orifice made in the corresponding section of the sheath or, more simply, directly through the inlet orifice (11), upstream of the sheath, the treatment only starting after the fat has melted. Thanks to the kneading and homogenization effects due to transport in the screws and the possibility of precise temperature regulation, the treatment could be carried out quickly in a relatively short section of the sleeve.
  • the extraction zone (C) could be followed by an expansion zone provided, if necessary, with means for heating the sheath to maintain the temperature of the material at desired level, then a second extraction zone provided with filtering walls associated with mixing discs.
  • the invention is obviously not limited to the details of the embodiment which has only been described by way of example and, depending on the raw material available and the quality of the fat which it is desired to obtain, the characteristics of the installation could be modified without departing from the claimed protective framework.
  • the degassing orifice would be followed simply by a section for taking up and compressing the material preceding the filtration zone.
  • this cooling could, in certain cases, prove to be superfluous.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Fodder In General (AREA)
  • Extraction Or Liquid Replacement (AREA)
  • Fats And Perfumes (AREA)
  • Sheet Holders (AREA)
  • Apparatuses For Bulk Treatment Of Fruits And Vegetables And Apparatuses For Preparing Feeds (AREA)
EP86400752A 1985-04-17 1986-04-08 Procédé et dispositif d'extraction de graisse d'une matière animale Expired EP0200614B1 (fr)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT86400752T ATE35282T1 (de) 1985-04-17 1986-04-08 Verfahren und vorrichtung zum extrahieren von fett aus tierischem material.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8505806 1985-04-17
FR8505806A FR2580663B1 (fr) 1985-04-17 1985-04-17 Procede et dispositif d'extraction de graisse d'une matiere animale

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0200614A1 EP0200614A1 (fr) 1986-11-05
EP0200614B1 true EP0200614B1 (fr) 1988-06-22

Family

ID=9318331

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP86400752A Expired EP0200614B1 (fr) 1985-04-17 1986-04-08 Procédé et dispositif d'extraction de graisse d'une matière animale

Country Status (14)

Country Link
US (2) US4746464A (xx)
EP (1) EP0200614B1 (xx)
JP (1) JPS61243898A (xx)
CN (1) CN86102620A (xx)
AR (1) AR241202A1 (xx)
AT (1) ATE35282T1 (xx)
AU (1) AU588582B2 (xx)
BR (1) BR8601705A (xx)
CA (1) CA1266276A (xx)
DE (1) DE3660336D1 (xx)
DK (1) DK173986A (xx)
ES (2) ES8708007A1 (xx)
FR (1) FR2580663B1 (xx)
NZ (1) NZ215733A (xx)

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US8986774B2 (en) 2011-11-29 2015-03-24 Frito-Lay North America, Inc. Supercritical fluid extruded food product
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Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
ES557562A0 (es) 1987-10-16
AU588582B2 (en) 1989-09-21
JPS61243898A (ja) 1986-10-30
DK173986A (da) 1986-10-18
NZ215733A (en) 1988-11-29
ES554036A0 (es) 1987-09-01
ATE35282T1 (de) 1988-07-15
ES8800333A1 (es) 1987-10-16
CN86102620A (zh) 1986-11-05
AR241202A1 (es) 1992-01-31
DK173986D0 (da) 1986-04-16
EP0200614A1 (fr) 1986-11-05
US4846054A (en) 1989-07-11
DE3660336D1 (en) 1988-07-28
CA1266276A (en) 1990-02-27
FR2580663B1 (fr) 1987-07-10
BR8601705A (pt) 1986-12-16
FR2580663A1 (fr) 1986-10-24
US4746464A (en) 1988-05-24
ES8708007A1 (es) 1987-09-01
AU5611186A (en) 1986-10-23

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