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EP0198518A2 - Fluidized pneumatic conveyor for articles - Google Patents

Fluidized pneumatic conveyor for articles Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0198518A2
EP0198518A2 EP86200004A EP86200004A EP0198518A2 EP 0198518 A2 EP0198518 A2 EP 0198518A2 EP 86200004 A EP86200004 A EP 86200004A EP 86200004 A EP86200004 A EP 86200004A EP 0198518 A2 EP0198518 A2 EP 0198518A2
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EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
goods
air
slots
conveyor
conveyor track
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
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Application number
EP86200004A
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German (de)
French (fr)
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EP0198518A3 (en
Inventor
Helmut Frank
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FA. TOMA
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Fa Toma
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Publication date
Application filed by Fa Toma filed Critical Fa Toma
Publication of EP0198518A2 publication Critical patent/EP0198518A2/en
Publication of EP0198518A3 publication Critical patent/EP0198518A3/en
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B65—CONVEYING; PACKING; STORING; HANDLING THIN OR FILAMENTARY MATERIAL
    • B65G—TRANSPORT OR STORAGE DEVICES, e.g. CONVEYORS FOR LOADING OR TIPPING, SHOP CONVEYOR SYSTEMS OR PNEUMATIC TUBE CONVEYORS
    • B65G51/00—Conveying articles through pipes or tubes by fluid flow or pressure; Conveying articles over a flat surface, e.g. the base of a trough, by jets located in the surface
    • B65G51/02—Directly conveying the articles, e.g. slips, sheets, stockings, containers or workpieces, by flowing gases
    • B65G51/03—Directly conveying the articles, e.g. slips, sheets, stockings, containers or workpieces, by flowing gases over a flat surface or in troughs

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a system for the pneumatic suspended conveying of piece-like goods according to claim 1.
  • the pneumatic conveying of piece-like goods in open troughs by means of air, which passes through various openings through the bottom of the trough from a channel underneath, lifts the object and hovers it, is known. like being transported on an air cushion.
  • the latter is also caused solely by a corresponding slope of the channel, according to DE - PS 1291680.
  • unpackaged goods are also conveyed pneumatically from one processing stage to the next, such as chocolate shop products, cookies, gingerbread, pieces of meat or sandwiches.
  • Other goods such as freshly painted cans used for packaging, can also be damaged during these movements.
  • the movement sequences described are designed by the different arrangement of the air outlets and the deformation of the conveyor track, that the disadvantages mentioned are largely avoided because the conveyed goods are prevented from touching the railway surface.
  • the conveyor track itself is initially U-shaped and thus trough-shaped in a known manner and adapted to the dimensions of the goods to be conveyed in each case.
  • it can also be V-shaped or semicircular, polygonal or in any combination thereof, with the top open, as shown in FIG. 1.
  • Known forms of air outlets in the conveyor track floor (2) such as oblique bores, vertical holes and slots are also used.
  • the latter are now, according to the invention, not only arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the conveyor track as in FIG. 2 in DE - PS 26454464 with the normal to the slot surface 17 there, but at an angle to the latter which can be between 5 and 35 ° depending on the type of material to be conveyed .
  • FIG. 2 shows a section of a conveyor floor (2), in which the now oblique slots on both sides of the conveyor track axis (7) are made with, for example, 20 °.
  • this alignment causes a second force component perpendicular to it, so that, with a s y m-metric arrangement, this slot on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the conveying path axis (7) is always held in the center of the path, depending on the dimensions of the conveyed material, no guidance through the side walls and does not touch them.
  • Slanted slots also have the effect that in the case of piece-like goods with a flat, smooth bottom or only in the conveying direction, continuous furrow-like depressions, and also with flat, smooth side walls, it is possible to dispense with the side walls of a web.
  • This oblique arrangement of the slots does not result in a higher air consumption than in the case of an arrangement perpendicular to the conveyor track axis (7) with side guides. If one thinks of conveying goods as diverse as those already mentioned, of plates, boxes, boxes, glass and plastic articles, screws or pencils, then it is understandable that the type and arrangement of such air outlets are of a size and footprint. and must be adapted to the basis weight of the material being conveyed.
  • the slot width (4) can be between 3 and 100 mm, the slot height (5) about 0.5 - 3 mm.
  • the vertical holes (6), the air outlet of which causes the goods to be lifted, have a diameter of approximately 1-3 mm.
  • the necessary air flows through these openings from a channel (1) which, in the case of U-shaped troughs, is arranged at least below the full width of the horizontal conveyor base (2).
  • the conveyor track (2) and side walls (3) have a common air duct.
  • Such an additional air duct with corresponding air outlets is necessary in curve sections of a conveyor track on the side wall with the larger radius in order to counteract the centrifugal force acting on the conveyed goods.
  • the following combinations of the slots are expedient, depending on the material to be conveyed: the normal to the slot surface parallel to the longitudinal axis of the conveyor track (7) or at an angle between 5 and 35 ° to it and slots in the side walls with their normal parallel to the longitudinal axis of the conveyor track ( 7) and, in simpler cases, slots in the specified angular range in the conveyor floor (2) alone, in all cases symmetrical arrangement with the longitudinal axis of the conveyor track (7).
  • the former is designed particularly intensively according to the invention in that the track begins with a wide outlet for the conveying air, which extends over the entire track width, in the case of a U-shaped conveyor track over the entire width of the conveyor floor (2). Braking takes place according to the invention in such a way that the number of air in the section of the conveyor track provided for this purpose slots (4,5) in relation to the number of lifting holes (6) is reduced so much that the levitation is maintained, but the speed of the conveyed goods can be reduced to a standstill as desired.
  • the open path must be largely closed in these sections in order to prevent the conveyed goods from flying out.
  • the covers are provided with an air duct (26) and corresponding and described air outlets, the arrangement of which compresses as the rotary movement progresses, while at the same time it is reduced in the original conveyor floor (20). With a U-shaped trough, the rotation about the longitudinal axis of the conveyor track also gives the side wall coming downward an increasing number of air outlets.
  • the fan (8) blows the conveying air into the two channels (12) and (14) of the conveying path (9) separated by a sheet (13), which receives the goods to be conveyed from the chute (10).
  • the conveying air enters the conveying path (9) from the upper channel (12) through slots in the conveying floor (11). After the end of the first path section and thus the first air duct (12), the air from the lower duct (14) reaches the conveyor floor (11) in the manifold (15).
  • the air volume distribution for both channels (12) and (14) is set with the two throttle valves (16) and (17).
  • a storage area is usually provided at the end of a pneumatic conveyor track in order to give the conveyed goods a temporary storage area.
  • a speed-controllable fan is used according to the invention, the speed of which is optically or other contactless pulse generator is controlled at the beginning and end of the storage area.
  • a vane control can be used. In particular, this keeps the jammed goods floating, since it is difficult and time-consuming to lift them together after the end of the business interruption if they had dropped to the conveyor floor after the fan was switched off.
  • the goods have to be stacked after the pneumatic conveyor.
  • Such a system is shown in Fig. 4.
  • the previous turning device (20-28) is of course not an essential requirement.
  • the plates (29) slide into the stacking device (30) as if floating on an air cushion without damage and stack one on top of the other, the lifting cylinder (31) with its plate (32) carrying the plates moving downwards so that each new one arrives Plate (29) of the plate (32) and thus the stack have lowered the thickness of a plate (29).
  • the slide (33) is pushed over the stack and a second slide (35) with a vertical pressure plate (36) pushes the stack onto any device for further transport or further processing, such as a shrink packaging system.
  • the slide (35, 36) is withdrawn quickly and the plate (32) is quickly moved up again to below the slide (33), which in the meantime has accommodated up to 4 plates. This is withdrawn and the plate (32) takes over these plates and slowly lowers again.
  • the movements of the lifting cylinder (31) and the slide (31, 35) are controlled by an optical counting device, not shown.
  • the rear wall (37) of the three-sided housing (30) is perforated to allow the air entrained in the conveyor system (1-28) to escape.
  • the hose (38) feeds air to the slider housing (34), which, as it emerges to the front, mitigates the impact of the first plate on the advanced slider (33).

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  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Branching, Merging, And Special Transfer Between Conveyors (AREA)
  • Stacking Of Articles And Auxiliary Devices (AREA)
  • Intermediate Stations On Conveyors (AREA)

Abstract

What is described is an installation for the pneumatic suspension conveyance of piece goods in open channels of differing shape, in which, when they are appropriately masked and their shape changed, the goods can, as desired, be rotated or turned, otherwise also accelerated, braked, distributed, built up, stopped and stacked, air films always ensuring movement free of contact with the walls. Contact-free conveyance is achieved by means of lifting holes (6) and slots (4, 5) preferably arranged obliquely to the conveying axis (7). A horizontal subdivision of the air duct reduces the number of fans necessary. A slot extending at the start of the conveyor track over its entire width ensures an especially effective acceleration of the conveyed goods. Braking takes place by a previous arrangement of the conveying slots (4, 5). When the goods are to be built up intentionally, these remain in suspension by a control of the speed of the corresponding fan or its spin controller. The side walls are equipped with slots also on the feed channels to machines working in parallel. When goods, such as, for example, plates, are to be stacked, these slip undamaged into an appropriate device (30-38), a lifting cylinder (31, 32) moving downwards and receiving the plates continuously, until a slide (35, 36) pushes out the stack, whilst an advanced slide (33) previously receives the further plates (29) arriving. <IMAGE>

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft eine Anlage zum pneumatischen Schwebendfördern stückartiger Güter gemäß Anspruch 1. Bekannt ist das pneumatische Fördern stückartiger Güter in offenen Rinnen mittels Luft, die durch verschiedenartige Öffnungen durch den Boden der Rinne aus einem darunter befindlichen Kanal tritt, den Gegenstand anhebt und ihn schwebend, wie auf einem Luftkissen transportiert. Letzteres wird allein auch durch entsprechendes Gefälle der Rinne bewirkt, so nach DE - PS 1291680.The invention relates to a system for the pneumatic suspended conveying of piece-like goods according to claim 1. The pneumatic conveying of piece-like goods in open troughs by means of air, which passes through various openings through the bottom of the trough from a channel underneath, lifts the object and hovers it, is known. like being transported on an air cushion. The latter is also caused solely by a corresponding slope of the channel, according to DE - PS 1291680.

Durch dichteres Anordnen solcher Luftaustritte kann man auch das Beschleunigen oder überwinden von Steigungen der zu fördernden Güter bewirken, wie in der DE - PS 1267603 beschrieben, oder gemäß DE - PS 2509469 auch senkrecht nach oben fördern.By arranging such air outlets more densely, it is also possible to accelerate or overcome slopes of the goods to be conveyed, as described in DE-PS 1267603, or, according to DE-PS 2509469, also to convey them vertically upwards.

Die Seitenwände solcher trogförmigen Förderbahnen dienen einerseits dazu, die Förderluft zu einem bestimmten Maße zusammenzuhalten, um den Luft- und damit Energieverbrauch in wirtschaftlichen Grenzen zu halten, was gemäß DE - PS 1263608 gerade nicht der fail ist, andererseits sollen sie das Ausbrechen der Güter verhindern, diese also führen und sind daher nach DE - PS 1291680 und 26454465 dafür besonders ausgebildet.The side walls of such trough-shaped conveyor tracks serve, on the one hand, to hold the conveying air to a certain extent in order to keep the air and thus energy consumption within economic limits, which according to DE - PS 1263608 is precisely not the fail, on the other hand, they are intended to prevent the goods from breaking out , so they lead and are therefore specially designed for it according to DE - PS 1291680 and 26454465.

Nun werden insbesondere in der Lebensmittelindustrie noch unverpackte Güter von einer Verarbeitungsstufe zur nächsten auch pneumatisch gefördert, wie beispielsweise Schokeladenerzeugnisse, Kekse, Lebkuchen, fleischstücke oder Sandwiches. Hierbei entsteht Abrieb, der sich in den Förderbahnen absetzt und zu erhöhtem Reinigungsaufwand zwingt, insbesondere, wenn pneumatisch geförderte Güter hierbei gedreht, gekippt, beschleunigt, gebremst, verteilt oder gestoppt werden müssen. Auch andere Güter, wie z.B. der Verpackung dienende frischlackierte Dosen können bei diesen Bewegungsabläufen beschädigt werden. Erfindungsgemäß werden die geschilderten Bewegungsabläufe, durch die unterschiedliche Anordnung der Luftaustritte und die Verformung der Förderbahn so gestaltet, daß die genannten Nachteile weitgehend vermieden werden, weil die geförderten Güter von der Berührung der Bahnfläche abgehalten werden. Hierzu ist die Förderbahn selbst zunächst in bekannter Weise U- und somit trogförmig gestaltet und den Abmessungen des jeweils zu fördernen Gutes angepaßt. Erfindungsgemäß kann sie auch V- oder halbrundförmig, vieleckig oder in beliebigen Kombinationen hiervon, dabei nach oben offen, gestaltet sein, wie in Abb. 1 dargestellt. Auch werden bekannte Formen der Luftaustritte im Förderbahnboden (2) wie schräge Bohrungen, senkrechte Löcher, sowie Schlitze verwendet. Letztere werden nun erfindungsgemäß nicht allein wie nach Figur 2 in der DE - PS 26454464 mit der Normalen zur dortigen Schlitzfläche 17 parallel zur Längsachse der Förderbahn angeordnet, sondern in einem Winkel zu dieser, der zwischen 5 und 35° je nach Art des Fördergutes liegen kann. Abb. 2 zeigt einen Ausschnitt aus einem Förderboden (2), worin die nun schrägen Schlitze beidseitig der Förderbahnachse (7) mit beispielsweise 20° ausgeführt sind. Diese Ausrichtung bewirkt neben dem Vorschub in Förderrichtung eine zweite Kraftkomponente senkrecht dazu, so daß bei sym-metrischer Anordnung dieser Schlitz beiderseits der Längsachse der Förderbahnachse (7) je nach Abmessung des Fördergutes diese stets in der Mitte der Bahn gehalten wird, keiner Führung durch die Seitenwände bedarf und diese nicht berührt.Now, particularly in the food industry, unpackaged goods are also conveyed pneumatically from one processing stage to the next, such as chocolate shop products, cookies, gingerbread, pieces of meat or sandwiches. This creates abrasion, which settles in the conveyor tracks and forces increased cleaning effort, especially if pneumatically conveyed goods have to be rotated, tipped, accelerated, braked, distributed or stopped. Other goods, such as freshly painted cans used for packaging, can also be damaged during these movements. According to the invention, the movement sequences described are designed by the different arrangement of the air outlets and the deformation of the conveyor track, that the disadvantages mentioned are largely avoided because the conveyed goods are prevented from touching the railway surface. For this purpose, the conveyor track itself is initially U-shaped and thus trough-shaped in a known manner and adapted to the dimensions of the goods to be conveyed in each case. According to the invention, it can also be V-shaped or semicircular, polygonal or in any combination thereof, with the top open, as shown in FIG. 1. Known forms of air outlets in the conveyor track floor (2) such as oblique bores, vertical holes and slots are also used. The latter are now, according to the invention, not only arranged parallel to the longitudinal axis of the conveyor track as in FIG. 2 in DE - PS 26454464 with the normal to the slot surface 17 there, but at an angle to the latter which can be between 5 and 35 ° depending on the type of material to be conveyed . Fig. 2 shows a section of a conveyor floor (2), in which the now oblique slots on both sides of the conveyor track axis (7) are made with, for example, 20 °. In addition to the feed in the conveying direction, this alignment causes a second force component perpendicular to it, so that, with a s y m-metric arrangement, this slot on both sides of the longitudinal axis of the conveying path axis (7) is always held in the center of the path, depending on the dimensions of the conveyed material, no guidance through the side walls and does not touch them.

Schräg angeordnete Schlitze bewirken auch, daß bei stückartigen Gütern mit ebenem, glatten Boden oder nur in Förderrichtung verlaufenden, durchgehend furchenartigen Vertiefungen, zudem mit ebenen glatten Seitenwänden, möglich ist, auf die Seitenwände einer Bahn zu verzichten. Diese schräge Anordnung der Schlitze bewirkt keinen höheren Luftverbrauch als bei winkelrechter Anordnung zur Förderbahnachse (7) mit Seitenführungen. Wenn man an so unterschiedlichen Fördergüter wie an die schon genannten, an Platten, Kartons, Schachteln, Glas- und Kunststoffartikeln, Schrauben oder Bleistifte denkt, dann ist verständlich, daß Art und Anordnung solcher Luftaustritte der Größe, Standfläche. und dem Flächengewicht des Fördergutes angepaßt sein müssen.Slanted slots also have the effect that in the case of piece-like goods with a flat, smooth bottom or only in the conveying direction, continuous furrow-like depressions, and also with flat, smooth side walls, it is possible to dispense with the side walls of a web. This oblique arrangement of the slots does not result in a higher air consumption than in the case of an arrangement perpendicular to the conveyor track axis (7) with side guides. If one thinks of conveying goods as diverse as those already mentioned, of plates, boxes, boxes, glass and plastic articles, screws or pencils, then it is understandable that the type and arrangement of such air outlets are of a size and footprint. and must be adapted to the basis weight of the material being conveyed.

So kann die Schlitzbreibe (4) zwischen 3 und 100 mm betragen, die Schlitzhöhe (5) etwa 0,5 - 3 mm. Die senkrechten Löcher (6), deren Luftaustritt das Anheben der Fördergüter bewirkt, haben zweckmäßigerweise einen Durchmesser von ca. 1 - 3 mm. Die notwendige Luft strömt durch diese Öffnungen aus einem Kanal (1), der bei U-förmigen Trögen mindestens unter der vollen Breite des waagerechten Förderbodens (2) angeordnet ist. Bei besonders empfindlichen Fördergütern oder solchen mit größeren Seitenflächen ist es zweckmäßig, auch an den Seitenwänden (3) der Förderbahn Luftkanäle und entsprechende Öffnungen anzubringen, um mittels eines auch hier entstehenden Luftschleiers das Berühren der Seitenwände zu vermeiden. Im gezeigten Beispiel nach Abb. 1 haben Förderbahn (2) und Seitenwände (3) einen gemeinsamen Luftkanal. Solch zusätzlicher Luftkanal mit entsprechenden Luftaustritten ist in jedem Fall in Kurvenabschnitten einer Förderbahn an der Seitenwand mit dem größeren Radius notwendig, um der auf die Fördergüter einwirkenden Fliehkraft entgegenzuwirken.The slot width (4) can be between 3 and 100 mm, the slot height (5) about 0.5 - 3 mm. The vertical holes (6), the air outlet of which causes the goods to be lifted, have a diameter of approximately 1-3 mm. The necessary air flows through these openings from a channel (1) which, in the case of U-shaped troughs, is arranged at least below the full width of the horizontal conveyor base (2). In the case of particularly sensitive goods to be conveyed or those with larger side surfaces, it is expedient to also provide air channels and corresponding openings on the side walls (3) of the conveyor track in order to avoid touching the side walls by means of an air curtain which is also produced here. In the example shown in Fig. 1, the conveyor track (2) and side walls (3) have a common air duct. Such an additional air duct with corresponding air outlets is necessary in curve sections of a conveyor track on the side wall with the larger radius in order to counteract the centrifugal force acting on the conveyed goods.

Insgesamt gesehen sind erfindungsgemäß folgende Kombinationen der Schlitze je nach Fördergut zweckmäßig: Die Normale zur Schlitzfläche parallel zur Längsachse der Förderbahn (7) oder in einem Winkel zwischen 5 und 35° zu ihr und Schlitze in den Seitenwänden mit ihrer Normalen parallel zur Längsachse der Förderbahn (7) sowie in einfacheren Fällen Schlitze im genannten Winkelbereich im Förderboden (2) allein, in allen Fällen symmetrische Anordnung zur Längsachse der Förderbahn (7).Viewed overall, the following combinations of the slots are expedient, depending on the material to be conveyed: the normal to the slot surface parallel to the longitudinal axis of the conveyor track (7) or at an angle between 5 and 35 ° to it and slots in the side walls with their normal parallel to the longitudinal axis of the conveyor track ( 7) and, in simpler cases, slots in the specified angular range in the conveyor floor (2) alone, in all cases symmetrical arrangement with the longitudinal axis of the conveyor track (7).

Vielfach werden zu Beginn der pneumatischen Förderung die Güter beschleunigt und am Ende wieder gebremst. Ersteres wird erfindungsgemäß dadurch besonders intensiv gestaltet, daß die Bahn mit einem breiten Auslaß für die Förderluft beginnt, der sich über die gesamte Bahnbreite erstreckt, im Falle einer U-förmigen Förderbahn über die gesamte Breite des Förderbodens (2). Das Abbremsen geschieht erfindungsgemäß in der Weise, daß in dem hierfür vorgesehenen Abschnitt der Förderbahn die Zahl der Luftschlitze (4,5) im Verhältnis zur Zahl der Hublöcher (6) dermaßen verringert wird, daß das Schweben beibehalten, die Geschwindigkeit der Fördergüter aber beliebig bis zum Stillstand reduziert werden kann. Bei der Forderung nach wenden, Drehen oder Kippen des Fördergutes innerhalb der pneumatischen Förderung werden diese Bewegungsarten erfindungsgemäß dadurch gelöst, daß der Verlauf der Förderbahn in einem solchen Teilabschnitt der Gesamtlänge die gewünschte Bewegung ohne Änderung des Querschnittprofiles der Förderbahn erzwingt. Soll beispielsweise das Fördergut im 90° seitwärts zur Förderrichtung gedreht werden, wird die Förderbahn um diesen Winkel um ihre Längsachse verwunden. Soll das Fördergut um 180° gedreht werden, kann die beschriebene Verdrehung soweit verlängert, oder die Bahn längs ihrer Achse um diesen Winkel nach oben oder unten gekippt werden. Letzteres ist in Abb. 4 dargestellt. In allen Fällen muß die offene Bahn in diesen Abschnitten weitgehend geschlossen werden, um ein Herausfliegen der Fördergüter zu vermeiden. Um auch hierbei Berührungen weitgehend zu verhindern, werden die Abdeckungen mit einem Luftkanal (26) und entsprechenden und beschriebenen Luftaustritten versehen, deren Anordnung mit fortschreitender Drehbewegung verdichtet, während die in dem ursprünglichen Förderboden (20) gleichzeitig verrringert wird. Die Drehung um die Längsachse der Förderbahn erhält bei U-förmigem Trog die dabei nach unten zu liegen kommende Seitenwand ebenfalls zunehmend mehr Luftaustritte. Bei langen Förderbahnen oder Abschnitten stark unterschiedlichen Luftverbrauches wie Steigung, Gefälle oder den beschriebenen Drehabschnitten ist es vorteilhaft und erfindungsgemäß möglich, mit nur einem Ventilator auszukommen, wenn der Luftkanal entsprechend oft waagerecht unterteilt wird und z.B. nach Ende des ersten Bahnabschnittes mit Luftbedienung durch den obersten Kanal nun die Luft für den 2. Bahnabschnitt aus dem nächst tieferen Kanal in den obersten Kanal durch eine entsprechende Öffnung eintritt. Die Verteilung der Luft auf die einzelnen Segmente wird mit Drosselklappen eingestellt. So werden vorteilhaft Aufwendungen für die Lufterzeugung und deren elektrischen Versorgung und Steuerung eingespart, sowie örtlich bedintem Platzmangel für sonst weitere Ventilatoren begegnet. In Abb. 3 ist eine solche Anlage dargestellt. Der Ventilator (8) bläst die Förderluft in die beiden durch ein Blech (13) getrennten Kanäle (12) und (14) der Förderbahn (9), die die zu fördernden Güter aus der Rutsche (10) erhält. Aus dem oberen Kanal (12) tritt die Förderluft durch Schlitze im Förderboden (11) in die Förderbahn (9) ein. Nach Ende des ersten Bahnabschnittes und damit des ersten Luftkanals (12) gelangt dann im Krümmer (15) die Luft aus dem unteren Kanal (14) an den Förderboden (11). Die Luftmengenverteilung für beide Kanäle (12) und (14) wird mit den beiden Drosselklappen (16) und (17) eingestellt.In many cases, goods are accelerated at the beginning of pneumatic conveying and braked again at the end. The former is designed particularly intensively according to the invention in that the track begins with a wide outlet for the conveying air, which extends over the entire track width, in the case of a U-shaped conveyor track over the entire width of the conveyor floor (2). Braking takes place according to the invention in such a way that the number of air in the section of the conveyor track provided for this purpose slots (4,5) in relation to the number of lifting holes (6) is reduced so much that the levitation is maintained, but the speed of the conveyed goods can be reduced to a standstill as desired. When the demand for turning, turning or tilting the conveyed material within the pneumatic conveyance, these types of movement are achieved according to the invention in that the course of the conveying path in such a partial section of the total length forces the desired movement without changing the cross-sectional profile of the conveying path. For example, if the material to be conveyed is turned 90 ° sideways to the conveying direction, the conveyor track is twisted by this angle around its longitudinal axis. If the material to be conveyed is to be rotated through 180 °, the described rotation can be extended as far as possible, or the track can be tilted up or down along this axis by this angle. The latter is shown in Fig. 4. In all cases, the open path must be largely closed in these sections in order to prevent the conveyed goods from flying out. In order to largely prevent contact here, too, the covers are provided with an air duct (26) and corresponding and described air outlets, the arrangement of which compresses as the rotary movement progresses, while at the same time it is reduced in the original conveyor floor (20). With a U-shaped trough, the rotation about the longitudinal axis of the conveyor track also gives the side wall coming downward an increasing number of air outlets. In the case of long conveyor tracks or sections of very different air consumption such as incline, slope or the described rotary sections, it is advantageous and possible according to the invention to use only one fan if the air duct is divided horizontally accordingly often and, for example, after the end of the first section with air control by the uppermost duct now the air for the 2nd section of the track enters from the next lower channel into the top channel through a corresponding opening. The distribution of the air to the individual segments is set with throttle valves. Thus, expenses for air generation and their electrical are advantageous Supply and control saved, as well as space constraints for other fans. Such a system is shown in Fig. 3. The fan (8) blows the conveying air into the two channels (12) and (14) of the conveying path (9) separated by a sheet (13), which receives the goods to be conveyed from the chute (10). The conveying air enters the conveying path (9) from the upper channel (12) through slots in the conveying floor (11). After the end of the first path section and thus the first air duct (12), the air from the lower duct (14) reaches the conveyor floor (11) in the manifold (15). The air volume distribution for both channels (12) and (14) is set with the two throttle valves (16) and (17).

Um bei kurzfristigen Maschinenausfällen nicht auch die im Produktionsprozess vorhergehenden Maschinen stillsetzen zu müssen, wird am Ende einer pneumatischen Förderbahn meistens eine Staufläche vorgesehen, um den geförderten Gütern eine vorübergehende Lagerfläche zu geben. Um die Fördergeschwindigkeit der auf der Bahn befindlichen Güter zu verringern und so das Aufprallen eines geförderten Gegenstandes auf den vorhergehenden und eben zuletzt gestauten zu vermindern, wie auch somit die Kapazität der Staufläche zu vergrößern, wird erfindungsgemäß ein drehzahlregelbarer Ventilator verwendet, dessen Drehzahl durch optische oder andere berührungslose Impulsgeber am Beginn und Ende der Staufläche gesteuert wird. Statt der-Drehzahl- kann auch ein Drallregler eingesetzt werden. Hiermit wird insbesondere das Schweben der gestauten Güter beibehalten, da deren gemeinschaftliches Wiederanheben nach Ende der Betriebsunterbrechung schwierig und zeitraubend ist, wenn sie nach Abschalten des Ventilators auf den Förderboden abgesunken waren.In order not to have to stop the previous machines in the production process in the event of short-term machine failures, a storage area is usually provided at the end of a pneumatic conveyor track in order to give the conveyed goods a temporary storage area. In order to reduce the conveying speed of the goods on the track and thus to reduce the impact of a conveyed object on the previous and last stowed, as well as thus increasing the capacity of the storage area, a speed-controllable fan is used according to the invention, the speed of which is optically or other contactless pulse generator is controlled at the beginning and end of the storage area. Instead of - speed, a vane control can be used. In particular, this keeps the jammed goods floating, since it is difficult and time-consuming to lift them together after the end of the business interruption if they had dropped to the conveyor floor after the fan was switched off.

Oftmals müssen nach einem auch pneumatischen Fördergang die Güter auf anschließend parallel arbeitenden Maschinen verteilt werden. Auch hier wird die Berührung der Seitenwände der einzelnen Zuführbahnen durch Luftschleier aus den beschriebenen Luftöffnungen in den Seitenwänden weitgehend vermieden.Often after a pneumatic conveying cycle, the goods have to be distributed to machines that work in parallel. Here, too, the contact of the side walls of the individual feed paths by air curtains from the described air openings in the side walls is largely avoided.

In allen Fällen müssen die Güter nach dem pneumatischen Fördergang gestapelt werden. Eine solche Anlage ist in Abb. 4 dargestellt. Die vorhergehende Wendevorrichtung (20-28) ist natürlich keine unabdingbare Voraussetzung. Die Platten (29) rutschen wie auf einem Luftkissen schwebend beschädigungsfrei in die Stapelvorrichtung (30) hinein und stapeln sich aufeinander, wobei der Hubzylinder (31) mit seinem die Platten tragenden Teller (32) sich so nach unten bewegt, daß bei jeder neu ankommenden Platte (29) der Teller (32) und damit der Stapel sich um die Dicke einer Platte (29) gesenkt haben. Wenn die gewünschte Anzahl der Platten (29) eines Stapels erreicht ist, wird der Schieber (33) über den Stapel geschoben und ein zweiter Schieber (35) mit senkrechter Druckplatte (36) schiebt den Stapel auf eine beliebige Vorrichtung zum Weitertransport oder zur Weiterverarbeitung, wie z.B. einer Schrumpfverpackungsanlage. Dann wird der Schieber (35,36) schnell zurückgezogen und der Teller (32) wieder schnell nach oben bis unter den Schieber (33) gefahren, der zwischenzeitlich bis zu 4 Platten aufgenommen hat. Dieser wird zurückgezogen und der Teller (32) übernimmt diese Platten und senkt sich wieder langsam. Die Bewegungen des Hubzylinders (31) und der Schieber (31,35) werden über eine nicht dargestellte optische Zählvorrichtung gesteuert. Um die aus der Förderanlage (1-28)-mitschießende Luft entweichen zu lassen, ist die Rückwand (37) des dreiseitigen Gehäuses (30) gelocht.In all cases, the goods have to be stacked after the pneumatic conveyor. Such a system is shown in Fig. 4. The previous turning device (20-28) is of course not an essential requirement. The plates (29) slide into the stacking device (30) as if floating on an air cushion without damage and stack one on top of the other, the lifting cylinder (31) with its plate (32) carrying the plates moving downwards so that each new one arrives Plate (29) of the plate (32) and thus the stack have lowered the thickness of a plate (29). When the desired number of plates (29) of a stack is reached, the slide (33) is pushed over the stack and a second slide (35) with a vertical pressure plate (36) pushes the stack onto any device for further transport or further processing, such as a shrink packaging system. Then the slide (35, 36) is withdrawn quickly and the plate (32) is quickly moved up again to below the slide (33), which in the meantime has accommodated up to 4 plates. This is withdrawn and the plate (32) takes over these plates and slowly lowers again. The movements of the lifting cylinder (31) and the slide (31, 35) are controlled by an optical counting device, not shown. The rear wall (37) of the three-sided housing (30) is perforated to allow the air entrained in the conveyor system (1-28) to escape.

Der Schlauch (38) führt dem Schiebergehäuse (34) Luft zu, die nach vorne austretend das Aufprallen der ersten Platte auf den vorgeschobenen Schieber (33) mildert.The hose (38) feeds air to the slider housing (34), which, as it emerges to the front, mitigates the impact of the first plate on the advanced slider (33).

Claims (9)

1. Anlage zum pneumatischen Schwebendfördern stückartiger Güter in Rinnen oder ähnlich offenen, im Querschnitt dem jeweiligen Gut angepaßten und abschnittsweise abgedeckten Behältnissen, letzteres bei Verwinden des Behältnisses um seine Längsachse oder dessen Kippen mit ihr (6) zwecks gleichzeitiger Dreh- oder Kippbewegung des Fördergutes, mittels Zuführung von Luft oder anderen geeigneten Gasen durch einen entsprechend ausgebildeten mit Öffnung versehenen Förderboden, Seitenwände und abschnittsweisen Abdeckungen aus einem darunter, bzw. darüber oder daneben befindlichen und mehrfach unterteilbaren Hohlraum, sowie zum Pneumatischen Beschleunigen, Bremsen, Verteilen, Stauen, Stoppen und Stapeln.1.System for the pneumatic suspended conveying of piece goods in channels or similar open containers, the cross-section of which is adapted to the respective good and covered in sections, the latter when the container is twisted about its longitudinal axis or tipped with it (6) for the purpose of simultaneously rotating or tilting the conveyed goods, by supplying air or other suitable gases through a suitably designed conveyor floor with openings, side walls and section-by-section covers from an underneath or above or next to it and a divisible cavity, as well as for pneumatic acceleration, braking, distributing, stowing, stopping and stacking . 2. Anlage nach Anspruch 1 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Querschnitt des offenen Behältnisses rechteckig, U-, V-, oder halbrundförmig, sowie vieleckig und in Kombinationen davon oder auch ohne jede wandähnliche Seitenflächen sein kann.2. Plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the cross section of the open container is rectangular, U-, V- or semicircular, and polygonal and in combinations thereof or without any wall-like side surfaces. 3. Anlage nach Anspruch 1-2 gekennzeichnet durch Luftaustritt aus Schlitzen (4,5) und Löchern (6) oder schrägen, zur Bahnmitte und Förderrichtung hin gerichteten Bohrungen, sowohl im Förderboden (2) als auch bei dies bedingenden Fördergütern in den Seitenwänden (3), in Kurven in der Seitenwand mit dem größeren Radius, mit zunehmenden Verlauf eines Drehvorganges verstärkt in der nach unten verdrehten Seitenwand und auch beim Kippen mit der Längsachse der Förderbahn (7) in der Abdeckung (28), dabei im ursprünglichen Förderboden (20) abnehmend.3. System according to claim 1-2 characterized by air outlet from slots (4,5) and holes (6) or oblique, towards the web center and conveying direction towards holes, both in the conveyor floor (2) and in the case of conveyed goods in the side walls ( 3), in curves in the side wall with the larger radius, with increasing progress of a turning process, increasingly in the side wall turned downward and also when tilting with the longitudinal axis of the conveyor track (7) in the cover (28), thereby in the original conveyor floor (20 ) decreasing. 4. Anlage nach Anspruch 1-3 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Normale der Schlitzfläche (4,5) parallel zur Längsachse der Förderbahn (7) oder in einem spitzen Winkel zwischen 5 und 35 Grad zu ihr gerichtet ist, die Schlitze symmetrisch zur Längsachse der Förderbahn (7) und in den Seitenwänden mit Luftaustritt in Förderrichtung angeordnet sind oder der Förderboden allein Schlitze (4,5) enthält, diese symmetrisch zur Längsachse der Förderbahn (7) und gleichzeitig schräg zu ihr in einem Winkel zwischen 5 und 35 Grad angeordnet sind.4. Plant according to claims 1-3, characterized in that the normal of the slot surface (4,5) is directed parallel to the longitudinal axis of the conveyor track (7) or at an acute angle between 5 and 35 degrees to it, the slots symmetrical to the longitudinal axis of the Conveyor track (7) and arranged in the side walls with air outlet in the conveying direction are or the conveyor floor contains only slots (4,5), these are arranged symmetrically to the longitudinal axis of the conveyor track (7) and at the same time obliquely to it at an angle between 5 and 35 degrees. 5. Anlage nach Anspruch 1-4 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Luftkanal einer Förderbahn (9) mehrfach waagerecht geteilt sein kann und nach Ende eines Bahnabschnittes die Luft für den nächsten aus dem nächst tiefer liegenden Luftkanal durch eine entsprechende Öffnung zum Förderboden (11) gelangt, die Luft auf die einzelnen Kanäle (12,14) mit Drosselklappen (16,17) verteilt wird.5. Plant according to claims 1-4, characterized in that the air channel of a conveyor track (9) can be divided horizontally several times and after the end of a track section the air for the next from the next lower air channel passes through a corresponding opening to the conveyor floor (11) , the air is distributed to the individual channels (12, 14) with throttle valves (16, 17). 6. Anlage nach Anspruch 1-5 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Anfang der Förderbahn ein Schlitz sich über deren gesamte Breite erstreckt und vor dem Ende der Förderbahn die Zahl der Schlitze (4,5) kontinuierlich verringert, die Zahl der Hublöcher (6) hingegen konstant bleibt.6. Plant according to claims 1-5, characterized in that at the beginning of the conveyor track, a slot extends over its entire width and before the end of the conveyor track, the number of slots (4.5) continuously reduced, the number of lifting holes (6) remains constant. 7. Anlage nach Anspruch 1-6 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Anfang und Ende eines zum Stauen vorgesehenen Bahnabschnittes berührungslose Impulsgeber die Drehzahl des zugehörigen Luftventilators oder dessen Drallregler steuern.7. Plant according to claim 1-6, characterized in that at the beginning and end of a web section provided for accumulation non-contact pulse generator control the speed of the associated air fan or its swirl controller. 8. Anlage nach Anspruch 1-7 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in den Zuführkanälen zu parallell arbeitenden Maschinen auch deren Seitenwände mit Schlitzen versehen sind.8. Plant according to claims 1-7, characterized in that in the feed channels to parallel working machines also the side walls are provided with slots. 9. Anlage nach Anspruch 1-8 dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß am Ende einer solchen Förderbahn eine Stapelvorrichtung (30-38) angebracht sein kann, wobei ein sich nach unten bewegender Zylinder (31) mit Teller (32) den wachsenden Stapel aufnimmt, ein Schieber (35,36) den Stapel ausstößt und ein weiterer Schieber (33,34) währendessen die ankommenden Güter zwischenstapelt, wobei ein Schlauch (38) dem Schiebergehäuse (34) Luft zuführt.9. Plant according to claims 1-8, characterized in that a stacking device (30-38) can be attached to the end of such a conveyor track, a downwardly moving cylinder (31) with plate (32) receiving the growing stack, a slide (35, 36) ejects the stack and a further pusher (33, 34) interim stacks the incoming goods, a hose (38) supplying the pusher housing (34) with air.
EP86200004A 1985-04-06 1986-01-06 Fluidized pneumatic conveyor for articles Withdrawn EP0198518A3 (en)

Applications Claiming Priority (1)

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DE19853512584 DE3512584A1 (en) 1985-04-06 1985-04-06 PNEUMATIC FLOATING SYSTEM, PIECE-LIKE GOETER

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EP0198518A3 EP0198518A3 (en) 1987-06-03

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EP1180486A3 (en) * 2000-08-08 2002-07-31 Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH Contact free conveying apparatus for transporting items
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