EP0178887B1

EP0178887B1 - Ink jet apparatus

Info

Publication number: EP0178887B1
Application number: EP19850307377
Authority: EP
Inventors: Thomas William Deyoung; John Atwater Mccormick
Original assignee: Dataproducts Corp
Current assignee: Ricoh Printing Systems America Inc
Priority date: 1984-10-16
Filing date: 1985-10-14
Publication date: 1990-04-04
Also published as: EP0178887A3; DE3576934D1; HK14891A; JPS61141563A; EP0178887A2; JPH0775891B2

Description

This invention relates to ink jet apparatus for ejecting droplets of ink, and more particularly, to ink jet apparatus having an ink supply system permitting more efficient head construction while providing improved fluidic compliance as seen in the manifold.
In the field of ink jet apparatus, as disclosed for example in DE-B-254339, there is generally provided an ink supply system comprising a reservoir containing ink, a manifold for supplying ink to the inlet restrictors of an array of channels, and some form of flow path from the manifold to the relatively remote ink reservoir. In apparatus having a large number of channels, for example 32 channels, there is a problem of minimizing cross talk in the form of pressure disturbances and waves through the manifold. A cross talk type of disturbance is generally characterized by the development of a pressure impulse in the manifold due to the small volume liquid injection derived from the pulsing of a jet. In order to reduce such cross talk, one standard arrangement has been to design a manifold to present the inlet restrictor paths with as large a fluidic compliance as possible, the magnitude of the pressure wave being inversely proportional to such compliance. The value of compliance is a function of both the compressibility of the liquid volume and flexibility of the wall surrounding the liquid. The manifold compliance is also important to minimize the effects of external shock and vibration which, in certain situations, can lead to depriming of the apparatus. This approach has led to arrangements wherein a large compliance is achieved by forming a major portion of the manifold wall with a thin compliant diaphragm.
The construction of a manifold so as to maximize its compliance generally requires an expansion of the size of the manifold in order to achieve the necessary flexural compliance of the diaphragm. This results in an ink jet head which is larger than optimum, requiring the ink reservoir to be situated at a substantial distance from the manifold. This requirement has led to a variety of designs which generally contain a tortuous flow path from the reservoir to the manifold. In this instance, even though the reservoir itself represents a nearly infinite fluidic compliance, the impedance of the connecting path does not allow the manifold to take advantage of this compliance. Thus, the manifold design itself must essentially take on the entire job of minimizing the cross talk and the effects of external shock or disturbance, and generally fails to take advantage of the beneficial compliance characteristics of the reservoir. Arrangements for optimizing the compliance characteristics of the manifold have resulted in a tradeoff of a larger manifold configuration for a larger print head and relative displacement of the reservoir away from the inlet restrictors. The problem is thus solved at the expense of requiring a larger and bulkier print head, which is clearly disadvantageous.
Another problem which results from a large sized manifold is that of air bubble generation at the time of filling the apparatus with ink. The feeding of ink from a relatively small inlet to a relatively large manifold may result in excessive air bubble generation. Of course, if the manifold is large, then a further space penalty must be paid if the inlet tube is made large so as to reduce the air bubble problem.
According to the invention, there is provided an ink jet apparatus comprising:

an ink jet head including a chamber portion containing a plurality of ink jet chambers, each chamber having an ink inlet and an ink ejecting orifice;
reservoir means for holding a supply of ink, said reservoir means having at least one portion located proximate to said ink jet head; and
ink feed means for feeding ink from said reservoir means to said chambers, said ink feed means including a common manifold adjacent to and in fluidic communication with the several chamber inlets and a manifold inlet means connecting said reservoir with said manifold, said manifold inlet means and manifold having substantially matching cross-sectional areas, wherein said manifold is narrow relative to the width of said ink jet head and extends a fraction of the vertical height of said ink jet head, and said manifold inlet means is shorter than said manifold, whereby the manifold is effectively coupled to the reservoir means, enabling it to utilize the high fluidic compliance of the reservoir means.

With at least some embodiments of the present invention, one or more of the undermentioned advantages are achievable:-

an ink jet apparatus having a manifold/reservoir configuration which does not require the tradeoff of prior configurations, and optimizes cross talk disturbances and generation of air bubbles, while providing for a minimal overall combined print head and reservoir size and short ink flow paths.
-an ink jet apparatus with a manifold configuration which effectively presents a high fluidic compliance without requiring the use of compliant materials in the manifold itself.
-an ink jet apparatus with a short ink supply path configured so as to minimize apparatus volume while reducing the problem of trapping air during initial filling of the apparatus with ink.

In a preferred embodiment, a narrow manifold is used together with a very short feed tube connecting the manifold to the reservoir. The narrow manifold is suitably constructed as a groove in the transducer support structure, such that the manifold as such does not contain any high compliance element. The short length of the inlet feed tube and the matching of such tube with the manifold provides that the high compliance characteristic of the reservoir is effectively presented to the chamber inlets, thereby reducing cross talk and reducing the trapping of air, when the apparatus is filled with ink.
The invention will be better understood by referring to the following description given by way of example and with reference to the accompanying drawings, wherein:

Figure 1 is a diagrammatic side view of an integrated reservoir and print head of one form of apparatus in accordance with this invention.
Figure 2 is a sectional view taken along lines 2-2 of Figure 1.
Figure 3 is a sectional view taken along lines 3-3 of Figure 1.
Figure 4 is a detailed view of a portion of the print head illustrating the relationship of the manifold, ink jet chamber and transducer.

Referring to Figures 1-3, there is shown a configuration of ink jet apparatus comprising an integrally combined reservoir 40 and a print head, or ink jet head 30. The reservoir is defined by a housing which contains therein ink 41, and has a vent or port 43 supplying atmospheric pressure to the resrevoir. Port 43, or other means not shown, may be utilized to introduce ink into the system either in the form of pellets of hot melt ink or other types of ordinary fluidic ink. The print head comprises a transducer support portion 32, which supports an array of transducers 45 (see Figure 4). As illustrated in Figure 2, the transducers are aligned longitudinally with the corresponding ink chambers 36, the activation of the transducers producing ink droplets in a known manner. To the front of transducer support portion 32 there is illustrated a chamber plate 34 which contains the chambers 36 and restrictor inlets 35, as further illustrated in Figures 3 and 4. Each chamber communicates with manifold 39 through its respective inlet 35, in a known fashion, In many ink jet arrangements, the ink jet head is constructed of laminar or plate construction, and while the inlet restrictors 35 are illustrated here as being grooved into the chamber plate, it is to be understood that there may be a separate inlet restrictor plate interposed between the transducer portion 32 and the chamber plate 34.
In a preferred embodiment, the manifold 39 consists of a semi-cylindrical groove in the front of transducer support portion 32. Transducer support portion 32 may suitably be made of aluminum, such that the grooved wall of the manifold is aluminum, which as such does not present any compliance. Manifold 39 communicates with reservoir 40 through a manifold inlet 37, which is suitably a bore drilled vertically through the transducer support portion 32. An inlet tube as illustrated at 38 may be press fit up into the manifold inlet 37, and extends down into reservoir 40. Alternately, the print head may have a solid portion which extends further down into the reservoir, carrying the inlet bore 37.
As illustrated in Figures 2 and 3, manifold 39 extends from the inlet 37 and travels adjacent to and along the arrays of transducer 45 and chambers 36, and contains a vent 48 at its far end. The vent 48 is normally capped or plugged, but is unplugged for priming operations. In another preferred embodiment, the manifold 39 may be positioned in the chamber plate, as indicated by the dotted semi-circular line opposite the solid manifold line in Figure 1. In this embodiment, the inlet tube turns to the front of the apparatus and communicates into the manifold groove in the chamber plate.
The manifold is preferably semi-circular in cross-sectional form, although it is within the scope of the invention as defined by the appended claims to have other geometrical forms. For the semi-circular cross-sectional form, a radius of about 0.16 cm (1/16 inch) is preferred. Of whatever cross-sectional form, the manifold is relatively narrow in terms of the print head size and dimensions, and extends for only a very small fraction of the vertical height of the print head.
The manifold inlet 37, which conveniently has a substantially circular cross-sectional form, has a cross-sectional area very close to that of the manifold, providing fluidic matching of the manifold and the inlet. It is preferred that the cross-sectional area of inlet 37 be no smaller than that of the manifold. The matching minimizes the fluidic impedance which is seen looking from the inlet array toward the reservoir. Further, by making the inlet cross-sectional area large, the problem of trapping bubbles in the manifold when the apparatus is filled with ink is minimized. In practice, the manifold is about 5.1 cm (two inches) long, and the inlet is about 2.5 cm (one inch) long, providing a total fluidic path of about three inches. It is preferred that the inlet length be much less than the manifold length, and have a large area, e.g., at least as large as that of the manifold, so as to minimize the impedance contribution of the inlet. A total manifold/inlet path in the range of 7.6 to 10.2 cm (three to four inches) has been found satisfactory for good operation up to desired ink droplet firing rates of 10 KHz, and higher.
The manifold/reservoir configuration of this invention, as described, enables a very narrow manifold, which in turn enables a reduction of volume of the print head and a close positioning of the reservoir in close proximity to the manifold itself. In the embodiment illustrated, a portion of the reservoir extends under the manifold and the chamber plate, enabling an inlet flow length of only about one inch from the reservoir to the manifold, In ink jet arrangements which require a wider manifold in order to achieve higher compliance, the greater width of the manifold makes it difficult to minimize the vertical extent of the head, and requires that the ink reservoir be generally situated a substantial distance to the rear of the manifold. This results in a longer flow path, which presents a high fluid ink impedance, effectively decoupling the high compliance reservoir from the manifold for purposes of pressure wave propagation. By contrast, in the present embodiment the inlet pipe 37 is sized to very nearly match the manifold in cross-section, resulting in a relatively low resistance flow path in the L-shape as seen in Figure 2. While the manifold does not have any diaphragm to provide wall compliance, this feature is no longer needed due to the fact that the relatively short and low resistance flow path effectively couples the manifold directly to the reservoir, enabling it to utilize and see the essentially infinite reservoir compliance.
From the above, it is seen that a primary advantage is derived from being able to use a short inlet feed tube together with a narrow manifold. The manifold is constructed of a simple groove or tube, having hard walls which themselves present no significant degree of fluidic compliance. The matching of the manifold to the short inlet tube presents a low impedance path, i.e., a high conductance path, to the reservoir, and enables more efficient filling of the head with ink with reduced generation of air bubbles in the filling process.

Claims

1. Ink jet apparatus comprising:

an ink jet head including a chamber portion (30) containing a plurality of ink jet chambers (36), each chamber having an ink inlet (35) and an ink ejecting orifice;

reservoir means (40) for holding a supply of ink, said reservoir means having at least one portion proximate to said ink jet head; and

ink feed means for feeding ink from said reservoir means to said chambers, said ink feed means including a common manifold (39) adjacent to and in fluidic communication with the several chamber inlets and a manifold inlet means (37) connecting said reservoir with said manifold, wherein said manifold inlet means and manifold have substantially matching cross-sectional areas, said manifold is narrow relative to the width of said ink jet head and extends a fraction of the vertical height of said ink jet head, and said manifold inlet means is shorter than said manifold, whereby the manifold is effectively coupled to the reservoir means, enabling it to utilize the high fluidic compliance of the reservoir means.

2. An ink jet apparatus according to claim 1, wherein said ink jet head further comprises a transducer support portion (32) which houses an array of transducers corresponding respectively to said jet chambers, and wherein said manifold inlet means is a substantially circular cross-sectional passage through said support portion.

3. An ink jet apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said manifold comprises a passage through said support portion of substantially semi-cylindrical form.

4. An ink jet apparatus according to claim 1 or 2, wherein said manifold comprises a passage through said chamber portion having a substantially semi-cylindrical form, and said manifold inlet means has an upper outlet from said support portion which communicates with said manifold.

5. An ink jet apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein said manifold inlet means is about 2.5 cm (one inch) in length.

6. An ink jet apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein the combined length of said manifold and said manifold inlet means is in the range of about 7.6 to 10.2 cm (three to four inches).

7. An ink jet apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein said reservoir portion is located below said chamber portion.

8. An ink jet apparatus according to any preceding claim, wherein said manifold has a low compliance inner wall.

9. An ink jet apparatus according to claim 8, wherein said ink jet head extends in a horizontal direction perpendicularly away from, in a first vertical direction perpendicularly up from, and in a second vertical direction perpendicularly down from a linear array formed by said ink ejecting orifices, whereby said horizontal direction extends towards said ink jet chambers;

the manifold inner wall is disposed at a distance from said chambers in said horizontal direction that is substantially small with respect to a distance that said print head extends in said horizontal direction, a portion of the reservoir being disposed beneath said manifold; and

the manifold inlet means communicates between said reservoir portion beneath said manifold and said manifold inlet means, said manifold inlet means having a predetermined length substantially in said first and second vertical directions.

10. An ink jet apparatus according to claim 9, wherein said manifold is substantially parallel to said linear array of orifices and comprises a length that is at least approximately twice as long as said predetermined length.