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EP0165885B1 - Flüssige Zusammensetzung zum Reinigen von harten Oberflächen - Google Patents

Flüssige Zusammensetzung zum Reinigen von harten Oberflächen Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0165885B1
EP0165885B1 EP85420099A EP85420099A EP0165885B1 EP 0165885 B1 EP0165885 B1 EP 0165885B1 EP 85420099 A EP85420099 A EP 85420099A EP 85420099 A EP85420099 A EP 85420099A EP 0165885 B1 EP0165885 B1 EP 0165885B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
composition
phosphoric ester
hard surfaces
water
proportion
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP85420099A
Other languages
English (en)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0165885A1 (de
Inventor
Christiane Melin
Nicole Piault épouse Peton
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Cotelle SA
Original Assignee
Cotelle SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Cotelle SA filed Critical Cotelle SA
Publication of EP0165885A1 publication Critical patent/EP0165885A1/de
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0165885B1 publication Critical patent/EP0165885B1/de
Expired legal-status Critical Current

Links

Classifications

    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
    • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
    • C11D10/045—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap based on non-ionic surface-active compounds and soap
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/34—Derivatives of acids of phosphorus
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/34—Derivatives of acids of phosphorus
    • C11D1/345—Phosphates or phosphites
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
    • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D10/00—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group
    • C11D10/04—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap
    • C11D10/042—Compositions of detergents, not provided for by one single preceding group based on mixtures of surface-active non-soap compounds and soap based on anionic surface-active compounds and soap
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/02—Anionic compounds
    • C11D1/12—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof
    • C11D1/14—Sulfonic acids or sulfuric acid esters; Salts thereof derived from aliphatic hydrocarbons or mono-alcohols
    • C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
    • C11—ANIMAL OR VEGETABLE OILS, FATS, FATTY SUBSTANCES OR WAXES; FATTY ACIDS THEREFROM; DETERGENTS; CANDLES
    • C11D—DETERGENT COMPOSITIONS; USE OF SINGLE SUBSTANCES AS DETERGENTS; SOAP OR SOAP-MAKING; RESIN SOAPS; RECOVERY OF GLYCEROL
    • C11D1/00—Detergent compositions based essentially on surface-active compounds; Use of these compounds as a detergent
    • C11D1/66—Non-ionic compounds
    • C11D1/72—Ethers of polyoxyalkylene glycols

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to a composition for cleaning hard surfaces. It relates more particularly to a composition for cleaning hard surfaces in concentrated liquid form, which can be used as it is or in a diluted form incorporating complementary water.
  • the composition is a clear solution, stable in one phase.
  • composition according to the invention belongs to this third category. It includes phosphoric esters.
  • compositions for cleaning hard surfaces have already been described. These compositions have for the most part a relatively low content of active components (on average 15-20% by weight of active components relative to the weight of the composition) and comprise a high proportion of water.
  • Documents DE-A-2 603 307 and FR-A-2 396 797 describe cleaning compositions comprising phosphoric esters; it is specified that these compositions must be acidic so that they give the drying a good surface gloss on the articles cleaned.
  • Detergent compositions with phosphoric esters for cleaning household utensils or solid surfaces are also described in documents FR-A-2 359 893 and EP-A-94 119.
  • phosphoric esters are only adjuvants or reinforcers of detergency in these compositions; presented as such among other possible compounds, it is not they which have the preference.
  • the detergent compositions do not include non-ionic surfactants, but include amine oxides among the essential constituents.
  • compositions for washing cars in tunnel type washing stations combining a nonionic surfactant of formula defined with the phosphoric ester of this same surfactant. active nonionic and with an anionic surfactant obligatorily of the alkyl (linear) benzenesulfonate type.
  • the document DE-A-2 008 777 describes a composition of surfactants making it possible to obtain controlled foam properties, which is a determining criterion for machine uses, where washing is carried out with intense mechanical agitation.
  • phosphoric esters are combined with nonionic surfactants chosen in a limiting manner to together perform a foam inhibiting function, and these components are combined with an anionic foaming surfactant, so that the composition overall result is a foaming composition with regulated foam height.
  • the anionic surfactant necessarily includes a sulfate or a sulfonate.
  • composition comprising 4 - 8% of soaps and 11 - 26%, preferably approximately 16%, of phosphoric ester or of a mixture of phosphoric ester and at least one other anionic surfactant.
  • the composition according to the invention is concentrated and comprises from 30 to 60%, preferably 40 to 50%, of active material; the term active ingredient is understood to mean all the surfactants a) and b), alkaline salts c) and sequestering agents d).
  • the weight ratio between phosphoric ester and nonionic surfactants is 1.5 / 1 to 4/1, preferably 2/1 to 3/1. More particularly, for a phosphoric ester content of the composition of approximately 14%, the proportion of nonionic surfactants is preferably between 5 and 7%.
  • the weight ratio between the phosphoric ester and the other optional nonionic anionic surfactants is preferably from 1/1 to 20/1.
  • composition advantageously constitutes a single stable phase. It is alkaline and in its preferred embodiments it has a pH of 10-11.
  • the anionic detergents which are used according to the invention comprise at least one soap and at least one oxyalkylenated phosphoric ester.
  • the sodium, potassium or alkanolamine salts of higher fatty acids preferably containing from 12 to 20 carbon atoms, originating from plant or animal esters, for example example of palm oil, coconut oil, tallow or mixtures thereof.
  • the potassium salts of a mixture of C 12 to C 18 ' fatty acids are preferred .
  • the alkyl chain of the esterifying group comprises between 8 and 12 carbon atoms and the oxyalkylene or ether group comprises from 2 to 18 oxyethylene and / or oxypropylene groups , in the form of their sodium, potassium, or alkanolamine salts (mainly mono-, di- or tri-ethanolamine).
  • phosphoric ester is understood to mean both the monoester and the diester or even, which is the preferred case since it corresponds to the formula of the commercial phosphoric esters, a mixture of the two.
  • phosphoric esters are obtained, in known manner, by condensation reaction between oxyalkylated alcohols R (OC x H 2x ) OH and a phosphoric or polyphosphoric acid, R being a C 8 -C 12 alkyl group, while x is equal to 2 or 3 and that y is a number from 2 to 18.
  • R, x and y are as defined above, and where M is hydrogen, an alkaline cation chosen from sodium or potassium, or an alkanolamine residue.
  • composition according to the invention can also comprise, if desired, other non-essential constituents, such as perfumes and / or dyes and / or other compatible additives, intended to improve the properties or the aesthetic appeal. compositions.
  • the cleaning composition for hard surfaces according to the invention can be formulated by preparing each of its components separately, if necessary, and then mixing them thoroughly, together with the water which constitutes the solvent medium. This preparation can be done using techniques known to those skilled in the art.
  • the composition advantageously comprises, as component (f), deionized water or demineralized water.
  • component (f) deionized water or demineralized water.
  • the concentrated composition as above can be diluted, either from its manufacture, or before use, and stored in this diluted form.
  • the complementary water can be, for all or part, tap water.
  • composition obtained both in its concentrated variant and in its diluted variant, and in particular that which comprises the preferred components indicated above and whose respective proportions of the components are those indicated above with reference to the concentrated formula, is stable on storage. , advantageously in a single clear phase.
  • composition in concentrated form according to the invention can very well be diluted, in particular before being used or before being stored by the end user, for example according to a dilution causing the volume to pass. from 1 to 4 approximately, simply by adding to the initial volume of concentrated composition the appropriate volume of tap water, whatever the temperature and the hardness thereof, and then a dilute, clear and liquid composition is obtained. stable without flocculation, in particular with the preferred components indicated above and with the respective proportions of the components indicated above with reference to the concentrated formula.
  • the diluted composition obtained also forms part of the present invention. It constitutes a product corresponding to household habits and to a rate of active cleaning material suitable for the cleaning to be performed, in particular for cleaning, both occasional and routine, of hard floors, tiles, washable painted surfaces, floor plans. work, sanitary appliances, etc.
  • the primary advantage of the concentrated formulation over this diluted formulation is that, while allowing the end user to easily obtain it and store it for later uses, it makes possible a clear reduction in costs and constraints. of demineralization of tap water for the industrial manufacturer and makes it possible to considerably reduce the weight and volume of the packaging, as well as the storage and transport costs, for an equivalent content of active material.
  • compositions according to the invention ensure the elimination of all stains, even very stubborn, on hard surfaces both slightly porous and non-porous, and dry without traces.
  • the soap makes an essential contribution to the detergent power on hard surfaces and, in combination with the phosphoric esters and the nonionic surfactants, it ensures the stability of the composition in a single and clear liquid phase. .
  • compositions Nos. 1 to 8 Eight cleaning compositions for hard surfaces were prepared, the components and their weight proportions of which are indicated in Table 1 below (compositions Nos. 1 to 8).
  • Composition No. 1 was prepared as follows: in 530 g of C 8 alkyl ether phosphate, 6 EO at 30%, neutralized with triethanolamine and stirred with 110 g of deionized water, 7 g of potassium hydroxide were dissolved and neutralized with 35 g of fatty acids; 160 g of 50% potassium carbonate and 80 g of trisodium citrate dihydrate were added. Stirring was continued until the solids were completely dissolved, then 80 g of C 12 -C 14 oxyethylenated fatty alcohol, 7 EO were added and the mixture was stirred for approximately 15 to 30 minutes.
  • compositions no. 2 to 8 To prepare compositions no. 2 to 8, the same procedure was used, but each time replacing the above-mentioned phosphoric ester with that indicated in table 1 in each case.
  • Composition No. 1 formed a single, clear phase; it had a cloud point of 92 ° C and a viscosity of 62 mPa.s. Dilution of this composition up to 4 times its initial volume gave a slight precipitate if it was made with tap water, and a solution in a single phase always perfectly clear when it was made with deionized water .
  • compositions 2, 3, 4, 6, 7 and 8 gave two phases; composition No. 7 also gave rise to a slight precipitation of a solid.
  • Composition No. 5 formed a unique, clear phase; it had a cloud point of 58 ° C and a viscosity of 326 mPa.s. Dilution of this composition up to 4 times its initial volume gave a slight precipitate if it was made with tap water and a solution in a single phase always perfectly clear when it was made with deionized water.
  • compositions Nos. 9 to 13 Five other cleaning compositions for hard surfaces in accordance with the invention were prepared, having the respective components and the weight proportions indicated in Table II below (compositions Nos. 9 to 13).
  • Composition No. 9 was prepared as follows in 466 g of alkyl ether phosphate C 8 , 6 EO at 30%, neutralized with triethanolamine and stirred with 12 g of deionized water, 52 g of was added. 38.5% sodium alphaolefin sulfonate. Once the stirred medium was clear, 7 g of potassium hydroxide were dissolved therein and neutralized with 35 g of fatty acids; 160 g of 50% potassium carbonate and 19 g of 37.5% EDTA were then added. Stirring was continued until the solids were completely dissolved, then 80 g of C 12 -C 14 oxyethylenated fatty alcohol, 7 EO were added and the mixture was stirred for approximately 15 to 30 minutes.
  • compositions no. 10 to 13 the procedure was the same, but by varying the proportions of the constituents as indicated in table II.
  • Table II also groups together the indications concerning the physical state, the cloud point and the viscosity of the compositions, as well as the physical state of the compositions after dilution of the concentrated composition concerned up to 4 times its initial volume of water. tap.
  • composition No. 14 By operating as for composition No. 5 of Example 1, but replacing the citrate with an equivalent amount of sodium nitrilotriacetate, a composition (No. 14) according to the invention was obtained having the characteristics indicated below. below.
  • the clear dilute formulations of the above examples were tested for gloss on shiny and colored ceramics and for removing stains (fats, street dust and smoke black) on plastic surface and on matt ceramic.
  • compositions tested are at least equivalent to the commercial products currently on the market for cleaning hard surfaces, both for the gloss criterion and for that of detergency.

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  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Life Sciences & Earth Sciences (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
  • Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
  • Wood Science & Technology (AREA)
  • Organic Chemistry (AREA)
  • Detergent Compositions (AREA)
  • Cleaning Or Drying Semiconductors (AREA)

Claims (6)

1. Flüssige alkalische Zusammensetzung, verdünnbar mit Wasser, für die Reinigung harter Oberflächen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie beinhaltet:
a) mindestens zwei anionische oberflächenaktive Stoffe und unter diesen mindestens eine Seife und mindestens ein Phosphorsäureester, gewählt unter den Oxyalkylen Phosphorsäureestern oder den Alkylätherphosphaten, in denen die Alkylkette der veresternden Gruppierung zwischen 8 und 12 Kohlenstoffatome beinhaltet und deren Oxyalkylen- oder Äthergruppierung 2 bis 18 Oxyäthylen und/oder Oxypropylengruppen beinhaltet, in Form ihrer Natrium-, Kalium- oder Alcanolamin-Salze,
b) mindestens einen nicht ionischen oberflächenaktiven Stoff,
c) mindestens ein Alkalisalz,
d) mindestens einen Komplexbildner,
e) eventuell Parfums und/oder Färbmittel und/oder andere kompatible Additive, und
f) Wasser für die Vervollständigung, wobei die genannte Zusammensetzung 4 bis 8 % Seifen und 11 bis 26 %, vorzugsweise etwa 16 %, Phosphorsäureester oder ein Gemisch von Phosphorsäureester und mindestens einem anderen anionischen oberflächenaktiven Stoff beinhaltet.
2. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß der Anteil von (a) 15 bis 30 %, vorzugsweise 18 bis 25 %, der Anteil von (b) 2 bis 10 %, vorzugsweise 4 bis 8 %, der Anteil von (c) 5 bis 15 o/o, vorzugsweise 8 bis 12 % und der Anteil von (d) 3 bis 10 %, vorzugsweise 3 bis 6 %, beträgt.
3. Zusammensetzung nach einem der Ansprüche 1 bis 2, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß das Gewichtsverhältnis zwischen Phosphorsäureester und nicht ionischen oberflächenaktiven Stoffen 1,5/1 bis 4/1 beträgt und das Gewichtsverhältnis zwischen dem Phosphorsäureester und den anderen anionischen oberflächenaktiven Stoffen, soweit sie nicht Seifen sind, wenn es welche davon gibt, von 1/1 bis zu 20/1 beträgt.
4. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie in der Form einer flüssigen Zusammensetzung in einer einzigen Phase vorliegt.
5. Zusammensetzung nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie durch Verdünnung modifiziert wird, vorzugsweise mit einer Verdünnung, die das Volumen von 1 bis etwa 4 steigen läßt, mit Leitungswasser insgesamt oder als Teil des Wassers für die Vervollständigung.
6. Verwendung einer flüssigen alkalischen Zusammensetzung für die Reinigung harter Oberflächen nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß sie die Verdünnung der genannten Zusammensetzung beinhaltet, in der die Gesamtheit der Bestandteile (a) bis (d) 30 bis 60 Gewichtsprozent des Gesamtgewichtes der Zusammensetzung ausmacht.
EP85420099A 1984-05-28 1985-05-24 Flüssige Zusammensetzung zum Reinigen von harten Oberflächen Expired EP0165885B1 (de)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8408318 1984-05-28
FR8408318A FR2564853B1 (fr) 1984-05-28 1984-05-28 Composition liquide pour le nettoyage des surfaces dures.

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0165885A1 EP0165885A1 (de) 1985-12-27
EP0165885B1 true EP0165885B1 (de) 1988-08-31

Family

ID=9304449

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP85420099A Expired EP0165885B1 (de) 1984-05-28 1985-05-24 Flüssige Zusammensetzung zum Reinigen von harten Oberflächen

Country Status (13)

Country Link
US (1) US4752411A (de)
EP (1) EP0165885B1 (de)
JP (1) JPS60258299A (de)
KR (1) KR920006029B1 (de)
AR (1) AR240474A1 (de)
AU (1) AU581226B2 (de)
CA (1) CA1271681A (de)
DE (1) DE3564699D1 (de)
DK (1) DK163882C (de)
FI (1) FI80469C (de)
FR (1) FR2564853B1 (de)
NO (1) NO164843C (de)
OA (1) OA08037A (de)

Families Citing this family (10)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
US4836949A (en) * 1987-04-03 1989-06-06 Johnson & Johnson Consumer Products, Inc. Liquid detergent compositions with phosphate ester solubilizers
JP2816553B2 (ja) * 1988-06-15 1998-10-27 サンスター株式会社 洗浄剤組成物
US4931102A (en) * 1988-09-01 1990-06-05 Eaton Corporation Metal cleaning process
US4931104A (en) * 1989-06-05 1990-06-05 Eaton Corporation Process for cleaning porous parts
US5259993A (en) * 1992-01-21 1993-11-09 Cook Composites And Polymers Co. Aqueous cleaner
US5510051A (en) * 1994-08-01 1996-04-23 Lam; Tony Preparation of a multi-purpose cleaner
JPH11508618A (ja) * 1995-06-27 1999-07-27 ザ、プロクター、エンド、ギャンブル、カンパニー 非食品無生物表面用のクリーニング／消毒法、組成物および／または物品
GB2402396A (en) * 2003-06-07 2004-12-08 Reckitt Benckiser Inc Hard surface cleaning compositions containing soaps
EP1580302A1 (de) * 2004-03-23 2005-09-28 JohnsonDiversey Inc. Zusammensetzung und Verfahren zur Reinigung und Korrosionsinhibierung von Aluminiumoberflächen oder farbigen Metallen und deren Legierungen unter alkalischen Bedingungen
DE102010032417A1 (de) 2010-07-27 2012-02-02 Buck- Chemie Gmbh Haftendes saures Sanitärreinigungs- und Beduftungsmittel

Family Cites Families (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
NO121968C (de) * 1966-06-23 1977-06-13 Mo Och Domsjoe Ab
US3624006A (en) * 1969-07-07 1971-11-30 Witco Chemical Corp Stable opacified liquid detergent compositions
CA936782A (en) * 1970-12-18 1973-11-13 M. Kaneko Thomas Biodegradable detergent for automatic car wash systems
FR2193871B1 (de) * 1972-07-25 1977-07-22 Colgate Palmolive Co
US3963649A (en) * 1972-09-11 1976-06-15 The Procter & Gamble Company Liquid detergent composition
US3898187A (en) * 1972-12-26 1975-08-05 Procter & Gamble Liquid detergent compositions
US3898186A (en) * 1973-04-09 1975-08-05 Procter & Gamble Dishwashing compositions containing gel forming gelatin
DE2532802C2 (de) * 1975-07-23 1983-03-10 Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Wollwaschmittel
DE2532804B2 (de) * 1975-07-23 1978-10-05 Hoechst Ag, 6000 Frankfurt Verfahren zur Herstellung schwachschäumender Waschmittel
JPS52136204A (en) * 1976-05-11 1977-11-14 Kao Corp Detergent compositions
US4070309A (en) * 1976-07-27 1978-01-24 The Procter & Gamble Company Detergent composition
DE2853136C3 (de) * 1977-12-09 1994-04-14 Albright & Wilson Wäßriges, oberflächenaktives Mittel

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
FR2564853B1 (fr) 1987-08-21
FI80469B (fi) 1990-02-28
DE3564699D1 (en) 1988-10-06
DK233985D0 (da) 1985-05-24
FI852104L (fi) 1985-11-29
OA08037A (fr) 1987-01-31
NO164843B (no) 1990-08-13
FR2564853A1 (fr) 1985-11-29
NO164843C (no) 1990-11-21
AR240474A1 (es) 1990-04-30
AU4301485A (en) 1985-12-05
NO852085L (no) 1985-11-29
JPH0471439B2 (de) 1992-11-13
CA1271681A (fr) 1990-07-17
FI852104A0 (fi) 1985-05-27
US4752411A (en) 1988-06-21
JPS60258299A (ja) 1985-12-20
DK163882B (da) 1992-04-13
EP0165885A1 (de) 1985-12-27
DK163882C (da) 1992-09-14
FI80469C (fi) 1990-06-11
DK233985A (da) 1985-11-29
AU581226B2 (en) 1989-02-16
KR850008357A (ko) 1985-12-16
KR920006029B1 (ko) 1992-07-27

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