EP0156962A1 - Expansion valve - Google Patents
Expansion valve Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0156962A1 EP0156962A1 EP84113580A EP84113580A EP0156962A1 EP 0156962 A1 EP0156962 A1 EP 0156962A1 EP 84113580 A EP84113580 A EP 84113580A EP 84113580 A EP84113580 A EP 84113580A EP 0156962 A1 EP0156962 A1 EP 0156962A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- valve
- expansion valve
- plunger
- tappet
- membrane
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
- 239000012528 membrane Substances 0.000 claims abstract description 13
- 238000005057 refrigeration Methods 0.000 claims abstract 2
- 239000003507 refrigerant Substances 0.000 claims description 12
- 230000000149 penetrating effect Effects 0.000 claims description 2
- 239000012858 resilient material Substances 0.000 claims 1
- 238000013021 overheating Methods 0.000 abstract description 4
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 abstract description 2
- 239000002826 coolant Substances 0.000 abstract 1
- 239000007788 liquid Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 238000001704 evaporation Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000696 magnetic material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 238000012544 monitoring process Methods 0.000 description 1
Images
Classifications
-
- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F25—REFRIGERATION OR COOLING; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS; MANUFACTURE OR STORAGE OF ICE; LIQUEFACTION SOLIDIFICATION OF GASES
- F25B—REFRIGERATION MACHINES, PLANTS OR SYSTEMS; COMBINED HEATING AND REFRIGERATION SYSTEMS; HEAT PUMP SYSTEMS
- F25B41/00—Fluid-circulation arrangements
- F25B41/30—Expansion means; Dispositions thereof
- F25B41/31—Expansion valves
- F25B41/33—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by the fluid pressure, e.g. by the pressure of the refrigerant
- F25B41/335—Expansion valves with the valve member being actuated by the fluid pressure, e.g. by the pressure of the refrigerant via diaphragms
Definitions
- the invention relates to an expansion valve for installation in a refrigerant circuit consisting of a compressor, condenser and evaporator of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
- thermostatic expansion valves are usually used, which are controlled by means of a temperature sensor attached to the evaporator outlet and containing a vapor-forming liquid in such a way that the vapor pressure of the filling medium of the temperature sensor acts on the control head of the expansion valve, with the aid of a Overheating spring the desired overheating is set at the evaporator outlet.
- thermostatic expansion valves have some drawbacks despite their perfection. Since the valves must be adapted to the refrigerant used in each case, this forces the manufacturer to produce a corresponding number of functionally similar devices or devices with interchangeable nozzles of different sizes. In addition, the time constant of such valves, which depends on the dimensions of the diaphragm or corrugated tube diameter, the spring hardness of the overheating spring, the selected nozzle size and the filling medium of the control system, can no longer be changed in a finished valve.
- the invention has for its object to provide an expansion valve of the aforementioned type, which does not have the disadvantages mentioned, no capillary tube for connecting the temperature sensor to the control head of the Valve required and remote monitoring of the functional sequence during operation.
- valve according to the invention both the smallest and the greatest outputs can be controlled properly, regardless of the refrigerant used, gas-filled components which are exposed to the risk of leakage are eliminated, and the interchangeability of the electrical parts ensures a longer service life.
- the valve body 1 has an inlet 2 for the refrigerant which receives the suction line and an outlet 3 to which the line leading to the evaporator is connected.
- a sleeve 4 forming the valve seat 41, through which the valve tappet 5 is guided.
- the closing body cooperating with the valve seat 41 is formed by an annular disk 6 made of plastic, which comprises the valve tappet 5 and bears on the one hand against an annular shoulder formed on the valve tappet 5 and on the other hand against an O-ring which is arranged in a recess in an annular body 7, against its shoulder is the ring flange a sleeve holding a filter 9 and against whose ring flange there is a helical spring 8 which is supported on an abutment ring 10 which can be displaced in the longitudinal direction of the valve by means of an P Allen screw 11 which engages in a thread cut into the valve body 1.
- the plunger 5 has a capillary bore 51 and at its upper end an annular shoulder 52 which bears against the membrane 12 and a pin-shaped end 53 which extends through an axial recess in the membrane 12 and has a reduced diameter and which has the end face of a plunger which is movable in the longitudinal direction of the valve 14 is opposite.
- the end face of the annular shoulder 52 of the plunger 5 has a recess, from which notches or openings 54 penetrating the casing of the plunger 5 extend, which open into a channel 31 leading to the outlet 3.
- the plunger is tapered in order to achieve a tension-proportional stroke of the plunger.
- a retaining spring 21 against the upper end face of the plunger, the abutment of which is formed by a screw bolt 18 rigidly connected to the guide sleeve 15, on which a crown nut is attached 19 is screwed, a sealing ring 20 is arranged between the annular end face and the upper end plate of the housing 17 accommodating the magnet coil 16.
- FIG. 1 Embodiment modified in such a way that the flow direction of the refrigerant is reversed and the refrigerant flows from the area 3 through a radial bore provided in the plunger 5 directly into the capillary bore 51 of the plunger 5.
- the capillary bore 51 is closed at the lower end of the plunger 5, and the arrangement of the filter 9 can be dispensed with.
- a screen acting as a filter can be inserted into the capillary bore 51.
Landscapes
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Fluid Mechanics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Temperature-Responsive Valves (AREA)
- Magnetically Actuated Valves (AREA)
Abstract
Um das Einspritzen des Kühlmittels in den Verdampfer einer Kälteanlage mit einem Expansionsventil vornehmen zu können, das die Nachteile thermostatischer Expansionsventile nicht aufweist und keines Kapillarrohres zur Verbindung des am Verdampferausgang angeordneten Temperaturfühlers mit dem Steuerkopf des Expansionsventils, keiner Anordnung einer Überhitzungsfeder und auch keines Einbaus einer auswechselbaren, der jeweiligen Leistung und dem jeweils verwendeten Kühlmittel angepaßten Düse bedarf, wird ein Expansionsventil vorgeschlagen, dessen eine axiale Kapillarbohrung (51) aufweisender, mit einer Schulter (52) gegen die Membran (12) anliegender Ventilstößel (5) mit seinem dem Ventilsitz (41) entgegengesetzten zapfenförmigen Ende (53) die Membran (12) durchsetzt, und das einen in einer Magnetspule (16) angeordneten, das Verschließen und Öffnen der Kapillarbohrung (51) bewirkenden Plunger (14) aufweist.In order to be able to inject the coolant into the evaporator of a refrigeration system with an expansion valve that does not have the disadvantages of thermostatic expansion valves and no capillary tube for connecting the temperature sensor arranged at the evaporator outlet to the control head of the expansion valve, no arrangement of an overheating spring and also no installation of a replaceable one An expansion valve is proposed, the valve of which has an axial capillary bore (51) and a valve tappet (5) with a shoulder (52) against the diaphragm (12) with its valve seat (41 ) opposite pin-shaped end (53) passes through the membrane (12), and which has a plunger (14) arranged in a magnetic coil (16), which closes and opens the capillary bore (51).
Description
Die Erfindung betrifft ein Expansionsventil zum Einbau in einen aus Kompressor, Kondensator und Verdampfer bestehenden Kältemittelkreislauf der im Oberbegriff des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Gattung.The invention relates to an expansion valve for installation in a refrigerant circuit consisting of a compressor, condenser and evaporator of the type specified in the preamble of claim 1.
Zur Dosierung des in einen Verdampfer eingespritzten flüssigen Kältemittels werden meist thermostatische Expansionsventile eingesetzt, die mittels eines am Verdampferausgang angebrachten, eine dampfbildende Flüssigkeit enthaltenden Temperaturfühlers in der Weise gesteuert werden, daß der Dampfdruck des Füllmediums des Temperaturfühlers auf den Steuerkopf des Expansionsventils wirkt, wobei mittels einer Überhitzungsfeder die gewünschte Überhitzung am Verdampferausgang eingestellt wird.For metering the liquid refrigerant injected into an evaporator, thermostatic expansion valves are usually used, which are controlled by means of a temperature sensor attached to the evaporator outlet and containing a vapor-forming liquid in such a way that the vapor pressure of the filling medium of the temperature sensor acts on the control head of the expansion valve, with the aid of a Overheating spring the desired overheating is set at the evaporator outlet.
Diese thermostatischen Expansionsventile weisen jedoch trotz ihrer Vervollkommnung einige Nachteile auf. Da die Ventile dem jeweils verwendeten Kältemittel angepaßt sein müssen, zwingt dies die Hersteller zur Fertigung einer entsprechenden Vielzahl funktionell gleichartiger Geräte bzw. von Geräten mit auswechselbaren Düsen unterschiedlicher Größe. Außerdem kann die Zeitkonstante solcher Ventile, die von den Abmessungen des Membran- oder Wellrohrdurchmessers, der Federhärte der Überhitzungsfeder, der gewählten Düsengröße und dem Füllmedium des Steuersystems abhängig ist, bei einem fertigen Ventil nicht mehr geändert werden.However, these thermostatic expansion valves have some drawbacks despite their perfection. Since the valves must be adapted to the refrigerant used in each case, this forces the manufacturer to produce a corresponding number of functionally similar devices or devices with interchangeable nozzles of different sizes. In addition, the time constant of such valves, which depends on the dimensions of the diaphragm or corrugated tube diameter, the spring hardness of the overheating spring, the selected nozzle size and the filling medium of the control system, can no longer be changed in a finished valve.
Der Erfindung liegt die Aufgabe zugrunde, ein Expansionsventil der vorgenannten Gattung zu schaffen, das die erwähnten Nachteile nicht aufweist, kein Kapillarrohr zur Verbindung des Temperaturfühlers mit dem Steuerkopf des Ventils benötigt und eine Fernüberwachung des Funktionsablaufs während des Betriebs ermöglicht.The invention has for its object to provide an expansion valve of the aforementioned type, which does not have the disadvantages mentioned, no capillary tube for connecting the temperature sensor to the control head of the Valve required and remote monitoring of the functional sequence during operation.
Diese Aufgabe wird gemäß der Erfindung mit den im Kennzeichen des Anspruchs 1 angegebenen Mitteln gelöst. Vorteilhafte Ausgestaltungen des erfindungsgemäßen Ventils sind aus den Unteransprüchen ersichtlich.This object is achieved according to the invention with the means specified in the characterizing part of claim 1. Advantageous embodiments of the valve according to the invention can be seen from the subclaims.
Mit dem erfindungsgemäßen Ventil können sowohl kleinste als auch größte Leistungen einwandfrei unabhängig vom jeweils verwendeten Kältemittel ausgesteuert werden, gasgefüllte, der Gefahr der Undichtigkeit ausgesetzte Bauteile entfallen, und die Austauschbarkeit der elektrischer Teile gewährleistet eine größere Lebensdauer.With the valve according to the invention, both the smallest and the greatest outputs can be controlled properly, regardless of the refrigerant used, gas-filled components which are exposed to the risk of leakage are eliminated, and the interchangeability of the electrical parts ensures a longer service life.
In der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel des erfindungsgemäßen Expansionsventils in schematischer Weise dargestellt. Es zeigen
- Fig. 1 einen Längsschnitt durch das Ventil;
- Fig. 2 einen Ausschnitt der Fig. 1 in vergrößertem Maßstab.
- 1 shows a longitudinal section through the valve.
- Fig. 2 shows a detail of Fig. 1 on an enlarged scale.
Der Ventilkörper 1 weist einen die Saugleitung aufnehmenden Einlaß 2 für das Kältemittel und einen Auslaß 3 auf, an den die zum Verdampfer führende Leitung angeschlossen ist. Im Ventilkörper ist eine den Ventilsitz 41 bildende Hülse 4 angeordnet, durch die der Ventilstößel 5 hindurchgeführt ist. Der mit dem Ventilsitz 41 zusammenwirkende Schließkörper wird durch eine aus Kunststoff bestehende Ringscheibe 6 gebildet, die den Ventilstößel 5 umfaßt und einerseits gegen eine am Ventilstößel 5 gebildete Ringschulter und andererseits gegen einen O-Ring anliegt, der in einer Aussparung eines Ringkörpers 7 angeordnet ist, gegen dessen Schulter der Ringflansch einer einen Filter 9 aufnehmenden Hülse und gegen deren Ringflansch eine Schraubenfeder 8 anliegt, die sich an einem Widerlagerring 10 abstützt, der in Längsrichtung des Ventils mittels einer in ein in den Ventilkörper 1 eingeschnittenes Gewinde eingreifendEPInbus-schraube 11 verschoben werden kann.The valve body 1 has an
Der Stößel 5 weist eine Kapillarbohrung 51 und an seinem oberen Ende eine gegen die Membran 12 anliegende Ringschulter 52 und ein durch eine axiale Aussparung der Membran 12 hindurchgreifendes, einen verringerten Durchmesser aufweisendes zapfenförmiges Ende 53 auf, dem die Stirnfläche eines in Längsrichtung des Ventils beweglicher Plunger 14 gegenüberliegt. Die Stirnfläche der Ringschulter 52 des Stößels 5 weist eine Vertiefung auf, von der den Mantel des Stößels 5 durchsetzende Kerben oder Durchbrüche 54 ausgehen, die in einen zum Auslaß 3 führenden Kanal 31 münden. Zwischen dem Ende 53 und der Membran 12 besteht ein Ringspalt 13, so daß bei von dem Stößel 5 abgehobenem Plunger 14 in den Raum oberhalb der Membran eingespritztes und in diesem Raum verdampfendes Kältemittel durch den Ringspalt 13 in die Verdampferleitung gelangen kann. Hierbei übt das oberhalb der Membran verdampfte Kältemittel auf die Membran einen Druck aus, der den auf der Unterseite der Membran herrschenden Verdampferdruck übersteigt. Um einen dichten Abschluß zu gewährleisten, ist an der unteren Stirnfläche des Plungers 14 eine Dichtscheibe 22 aus nachgiebigem Werkstoff angeordnet. Der Plunger 14 gleitet in einer Führungshülse 15 aus unmagnetischem Material, so daß die Kraftlinien der um die Führungshülse 15 angeordneten Magnetspule in den Plunger eintreten können. An seinem oberen Ende ist der Plunger konisch verjüngt, um auf diese Weise einen spannungsproportionalen Hub des Plungers zu erzielen. Um einen Einbau des Expansionsventils in jeder Lage zu ermöglichen, beispielsweise das Expansionsventil auch in Fahrzeuge einbauen zu können, in denen es Fliehkräften unterworfen ist, liegt gegen die obere Stirnfläche des Plungers eine Haltefeder 21 an, deren Widerlager durch einen starr mit der Führungshülse 15 verbundenen Schraubenbolzen 18 gebildet wird, auf den eine Kronenmutter 19 aufgeschraubt ist, zwischen deren ringförmiger Stirnfläche und der oberen Abschlußplatte des die Magnetspule 16 aufnehmenden Gehäuses 17 ein Dichtring 20 angeordnet ist.The
Sollte bei dem in Fig. l dargestellten Strömungsverlauf des Kältemittels im Bereich des Ventilsitzes 41 und der das Ventil schließenden, einen Flachsitz bildenden Ringscheibe 6 ein Abriß der Strömung befürchtet werden, der zu Schwingungen des Ventilstößels 5 führt, so kann das in Fig. 1 dargestellte Ausführungsbeispiel in der Weise abgewandelt werden, daß die Strömungsrichtung des Kältemittels umgekehrt wird und das Kältemittel aus dem Bereich 3 durch eine in dem Stößel 5 vorgesehene Radialbohrung unmittelbar in die Kapillarbohrung 51 des Stößels 5 einfließt. Im diesem Fall ist die Kapillarbohrung 51 am unteren Ende des Stößels 5 verschlossen,und auf die Anordnung des Filters 9 kann verzichtet werden. Anstelle des Filters 9 kann in die Kapillarbohrung 51 ein als Filter wirkendes Sieb eingesetzt werden.If, in the flow profile of the refrigerant in the region of the
Claims (8)
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
DE3344816 | 1983-12-12 | ||
DE19833344816 DE3344816A1 (en) | 1983-12-12 | 1983-12-12 | EXPANSION VALVE |
Publications (2)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0156962A1 true EP0156962A1 (en) | 1985-10-09 |
EP0156962B1 EP0156962B1 (en) | 1988-03-23 |
Family
ID=6216673
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84113580A Expired EP0156962B1 (en) | 1983-12-12 | 1984-11-10 | Expansion valve |
Country Status (7)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (1) | US4606199A (en) |
EP (1) | EP0156962B1 (en) |
JP (1) | JPS60140074A (en) |
BR (1) | BR8406334A (en) |
DE (2) | DE3344816A1 (en) |
DK (1) | DK591184A (en) |
ES (1) | ES283335Y (en) |
Cited By (1)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0689015A1 (en) * | 1994-06-21 | 1995-12-27 | Staefa Control System Scs Ag | Control valve with actuating drive |
Families Citing this family (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US4852364A (en) * | 1987-10-23 | 1989-08-01 | Sporlan Valve Company | Expansion and check valve combination |
BR8804215A (en) * | 1988-08-12 | 1990-03-27 | Brasil Compressores Sa | BLOCKING VALVE FOR COOLING OR AIR CONDITIONING SYSTEMS |
DE3829101A1 (en) * | 1988-08-27 | 1990-03-01 | Sueddeutsche Kuehler Behr | THERMOSTATIC EXPANSION VALVE |
US4928494A (en) * | 1988-12-20 | 1990-05-29 | American Standard Inc. | Incremental electrically actuated valve |
DE3922591A1 (en) * | 1989-07-10 | 1991-01-24 | Danfoss As | SERVO CONTROLLED EXPANSION VALVE FOR AN EASILY VAPORABLE FLUID |
US4986085A (en) * | 1989-09-12 | 1991-01-22 | American Standard Inc. | Incremental electrically actuated valve |
US6418741B1 (en) | 2000-05-03 | 2002-07-16 | Parker Hannifin Corporation | Expansion/check valve assembly including a reverse flow rate adjustment device |
CN101988587A (en) * | 2009-08-06 | 2011-03-23 | 北京菁华昱创节能设备有限公司 | Multifunctional control valve |
US20150052924A1 (en) * | 2013-08-22 | 2015-02-26 | Standard Motor Products, Inc. | Thermal Expansion Valve with Power Element |
CN104482274B (en) * | 2014-10-28 | 2016-09-14 | 珠海格力电器股份有限公司 | Electronic expansion valve |
US10993546B2 (en) * | 2016-10-28 | 2021-05-04 | Sleep Number Corporation | Noise reducing plunger |
US11832728B2 (en) | 2021-08-24 | 2023-12-05 | Sleep Number Corporation | Controlling vibration transmission within inflation assemblies |
Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
CH355995A (en) * | 1957-10-30 | 1961-07-31 | Seitz Eugen | Servo operated valve |
DE976465C (en) * | 1954-02-07 | 1963-09-26 | A U K Mueller Fa | Valve, the movement of which is caused by the pressure of the flow medium |
DE1270909B (en) * | 1965-07-24 | 1968-06-20 | Danfoss As | Solenoid valve for gases |
DE2728935A1 (en) * | 1976-08-30 | 1978-03-02 | Mess & Regelungst Veb K | Thermostatic regulating valve for liquid refrigerants - has valve unit with seat readily replaced and adjusted by screw |
DE2932906A1 (en) * | 1979-08-14 | 1981-02-26 | Flitsch E Gmbh & Co | Refrigeration circuit thermostatic expansion valve - has bar extension on body in line with tappet |
Family Cites Families (12)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2305151A (en) * | 1940-08-27 | 1942-12-15 | George C Fields | Valve |
DE734571C (en) * | 1942-04-23 | 1943-04-19 | Erich Herion | Injection valve for refrigeration systems |
US3079952A (en) * | 1959-12-28 | 1963-03-05 | Jackes Evans Mfg Company | Valve |
US3921765A (en) * | 1974-02-19 | 1975-11-25 | Aeroquip Corp | Automatic brake slack adjuster |
US3990546A (en) * | 1975-07-25 | 1976-11-09 | Midland-Ross Corporation | Automatic adjuster for brakes |
US3997035A (en) * | 1975-09-02 | 1976-12-14 | Borg-Warner Corporation | Automatic slack adjuster for vehicle brakes |
US3997036A (en) * | 1975-09-09 | 1976-12-14 | Borg-Warner Corporation | Automatic brake slack adjuster |
FR2404786A1 (en) * | 1977-09-28 | 1979-04-27 | Boulogne Ste Indle | ELECTROMAGNETIC VALVE FOR FLUID CIRCUITS CONTAINING IMPURITIES |
DE2810211A1 (en) * | 1978-03-09 | 1979-09-20 | Bosch Gmbh Robert | HEATING WATER CONTROL VALVE FOR A MOTOR VEHICLE HEATING SYSTEM |
US4448038A (en) * | 1979-10-01 | 1984-05-15 | Sporlan Valve Company | Refrigeration control system for modulating electrically-operated expansion valves |
US4310142A (en) * | 1980-03-13 | 1982-01-12 | Tom Mcguane Industries, Inc. | Fuel pressure regulator assembly |
GB2087012B (en) * | 1980-07-21 | 1984-01-11 | Kelsey Hayes Co | Slack adjuster |
-
1983
- 1983-12-12 DE DE19833344816 patent/DE3344816A1/en not_active Ceased
-
1984
- 1984-11-10 EP EP84113580A patent/EP0156962B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-11-10 DE DE8484113580T patent/DE3470094D1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-12-06 US US06/678,643 patent/US4606199A/en not_active Expired - Fee Related
- 1984-12-11 JP JP59260101A patent/JPS60140074A/en active Pending
- 1984-12-11 ES ES1984283335U patent/ES283335Y/en not_active Expired
- 1984-12-11 BR BR8406334A patent/BR8406334A/en not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-12-11 DK DK591184A patent/DK591184A/en not_active Application Discontinuation
Patent Citations (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
DE976465C (en) * | 1954-02-07 | 1963-09-26 | A U K Mueller Fa | Valve, the movement of which is caused by the pressure of the flow medium |
CH355995A (en) * | 1957-10-30 | 1961-07-31 | Seitz Eugen | Servo operated valve |
DE1270909B (en) * | 1965-07-24 | 1968-06-20 | Danfoss As | Solenoid valve for gases |
DE2728935A1 (en) * | 1976-08-30 | 1978-03-02 | Mess & Regelungst Veb K | Thermostatic regulating valve for liquid refrigerants - has valve unit with seat readily replaced and adjusted by screw |
DE2932906A1 (en) * | 1979-08-14 | 1981-02-26 | Flitsch E Gmbh & Co | Refrigeration circuit thermostatic expansion valve - has bar extension on body in line with tappet |
Cited By (2)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0689015A1 (en) * | 1994-06-21 | 1995-12-27 | Staefa Control System Scs Ag | Control valve with actuating drive |
US5669413A (en) * | 1994-06-21 | 1997-09-23 | Staefa Control System Scs Ag | Control valve having an actuating drive and method therefor |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
DE3470094D1 (en) | 1988-04-28 |
DE3344816A1 (en) | 1985-06-20 |
US4606199A (en) | 1986-08-19 |
DK591184A (en) | 1985-06-13 |
ES283335Y (en) | 1986-01-01 |
DK591184D0 (en) | 1984-12-11 |
ES283335U (en) | 1985-05-16 |
BR8406334A (en) | 1985-10-08 |
JPS60140074A (en) | 1985-07-24 |
EP0156962B1 (en) | 1988-03-23 |
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