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EP0144818A1 - Method and apparatus for mercerizing textile webs or the like - Google Patents

Method and apparatus for mercerizing textile webs or the like Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0144818A1
EP0144818A1 EP84113681A EP84113681A EP0144818A1 EP 0144818 A1 EP0144818 A1 EP 0144818A1 EP 84113681 A EP84113681 A EP 84113681A EP 84113681 A EP84113681 A EP 84113681A EP 0144818 A1 EP0144818 A1 EP 0144818A1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
treatment
webs
liquor
decoction
washout
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Granted
Application number
EP84113681A
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German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0144818B1 (en
Inventor
Max Stuhlmiller
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Babcock Textilmaschinen GmbH
Original Assignee
Babcock Textilmaschinen GmbH
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Babcock Textilmaschinen GmbH filed Critical Babcock Textilmaschinen GmbH
Priority to AT84113681T priority Critical patent/ATE41450T1/en
Publication of EP0144818A1 publication Critical patent/EP0144818A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0144818B1 publication Critical patent/EP0144818B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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    • D—TEXTILES; PAPER
    • D06—TREATMENT OF TEXTILES OR THE LIKE; LAUNDERING; FLEXIBLE MATERIALS NOT OTHERWISE PROVIDED FOR
    • D06B—TREATING TEXTILE MATERIALS USING LIQUIDS, GASES OR VAPOURS
    • D06B7/00—Mercerising, e.g. lustring by mercerising
    • D06B7/08—Mercerising, e.g. lustring by mercerising of fabrics of indefinite length

Definitions

  • the invention relates to a method and a system for boiling, in particular.
  • Heavy and / or wrinkle-sensitive textile webs or the like made of cotton or cotton-polyester mixtures.
  • the object of the present invention is now to be achieved are to propose a boil-off process by which the treatment time during the boil-off process is shortened so considerably that a space-consuming and costly temporary storage for the boil-off process can be dispensed with entirely.
  • the material webs first undergo a washing treatment in a decoction liquor with an alkali concentration of about 60 g / 1 or more, preferably about 80 g / 1 NaOH, for a period of about 30-40 seconds to be subjected at a temperature of about 95 ° C. before the webs are passed on for further treatment after a wash-out treatment at a temperature of likewise about 95 ° C. and a subsequent cooling.
  • the further treatment can be an impregnation treatment for subsequent cold bleaching, but it can also be a simple washout treatment for the remaining amount of NaOH contained in the webs before the subsequent docking.
  • the decoction liquor should be continuously pumped around and, in the process, it should be continuously filtered to remove coarse sundering caustic soda in cleanings. Since the concentration / treatment liquor will increasingly decrease as a result of being dragged out of the product webs, a defined amount of fresh treatment liquor should be metered into the treatment liquor on an ongoing basis.
  • the decoction units for the product webs consisting of two series-connected washing compartments with a light intermediate squeezer and a heavy final squeezer, through which the decoction liquor was passed against the direction of travel of the product lines and passed through a filter before being reintroduced into the treatment
  • the washout unit consists of two wash compartments connected in series with a light intermediate squeeze unit and a heavy end squeeze unit.
  • an automatic dosing device for adding fresh decoction liquor should be switched on in the supply line for the decoction liquor to the decoction compartments.
  • the material web 10 is fed from a winding via an insertion unit 11 into a first boiling compartment 12 introduced and after an intermediate squeezing by a light squeeze mechanism 14, further treated in a further boiling compartment 13.
  • the decoction liquor is guided through the decoction compartments countercurrent to the web run.
  • the liquor is continuously pumped around, this being passed through a filter 24, through which coarse contaminants are removed from the decoction liquor. So that the liquor concentration remains constant, an automatic dosing device is connected to the decoction liquor guide line 25, through which a defined amount of fresh decoction liquor is entered into the liquor flow.
  • the boil-off liquor is largely removed from the web by a heavy crushing device 15 and the web is then fed to the first wash-out unit 16, in which sodium hydroxide solution and contaminants are washed out.
  • the web is passed through a further washout compartment 17 and finally dewatered by another heavy squeeze unit 19.
  • the final concentration after the last compartment is adjusted so that the remaining amount of NaOH in the impregnation compartment downstream of the cooling and evaporation unit 20 is sufficient for the cold bleaching.
  • the impregnation compartment 21, which is followed by the squeeze mechanism 22, is connected is also used as a washing compartment for washing out the remaining NaOH before the web 10 is taken up by a storage winder 23.

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  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Textile Engineering (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Fiber Materials (AREA)

Abstract

1. Method for scouring in particular heavy and/or crease-prone textile fabric webs or similar, made of cotton or cotton-polyester blends, by which the fabric webs, if required subsequently to a singeing and possibly desizing treatment for which the fabric webs are initially subjected to a washing treatment in scouring liquor which is continually being recirculated and at the same time filtered, with a lye solution concentration of around 60 g/litre NaOH solid or more, the concentration of which is maintained by a specified volume of fresh treatment liquor being continuously added, are subjected to a temperature of approx. 95 degrees C for about 30 to 40 seconds before the fabric webs, after a rinsing treatment at a temperature also around 95 degrees C and subsequent cooling down, are subjected to a further treatment.

Description

Die Erfindung betrifft ein Verfahren sowie eine Anlage zum Abkochen von insbes. schweren und/oder faltenempfindlichen textilen Warenbahnen oder dergl. aus Baumwolle oder Baumwoll-Polyester-Gemischen.The invention relates to a method and a system for boiling, in particular. Heavy and / or wrinkle-sensitive textile webs or the like made of cotton or cotton-polyester mixtures.

Schwere und/oder faltenempfindliche Artikel wie z.B. Gabardine, Einlagestoffe u.ä. aus Baumwolle und Polyester-Baumwolle können nur in gebundener Warenführung abgekocht werden, um Faltenmarkierungen beim nachfolgenden Färbeprozeß zu vermeiden. Der Abkochprozeß wird deshalb entweder diskontinuierlich auf Jiggern oder Pad-Roll-Anlagen oder kontinuierlich in Walzendämpfern mit großem Wareninhalt durchgeführt.Heavy / or crease sensitive items and such as gabardine, Einl a gestoffe etc. made of cotton and polyester-cotton can only be boiled in a bound manner in order to avoid wrinkle marks in the subsequent dyeing process. The boiling process is therefore carried out either discontinuously on jiggers or pad-roll systems or continuously in roller dampers with a large product content.

Während bei der diskontinuierlichen Behandlung genügend Zeit für eine optimale Säuberung der Ware zur Verfügung steht, ist dies bei der kontinuierlichen Arbeitsweise nicht der Fall. Hier liegen die wirtschaftlich vertretbaren Verweilzeiten bei max. 3 Minuten. Das bedeutet den Einsatz eines Dämpfers mit beispielsweise 200 m Inhalt für eine Produktionsgeschwindigkeit von 65 m/min.While there is sufficient time for an optimal cleaning of the goods during the discontinuous treatment, this is not the case with the continuous operation. Here the economically justifiable residence times are max. 3 minutes. This means the use of a damper with, for example, 200 m content for a production speed of 65 m / min.

Es hat nicht an Bemühungen gefehlt, durch Erhöhung der NaOH-Konzentration oder der Warentemperatur (im Oberdruckdämpfer) die Verweilzeit zu verkürzen, um die Baugröße der Reaktionspeicher zu verringern. Der Erfolg der dazu bekannt gewordenen Maßnahmen war jedoch bisher gering.There has been no lack of efforts to shorten the dwell time by increasing the NaOH concentration or the product temperature (in the top pressure damper) in order to reduce the size of the reaction memories. However, the success of the measures that have become known has so far been low.

Durch die vorliegende Erfindung soll nun die Aufgabe gelöst werden, ein Abkochverfahren vorzuschlagen, durch welches die Behandlungszeit beim Abkochvorgang so erheblich verkürzt wird, daß auf einen platz- und kostenaufwendigen Verweilspeicher für den Abkochvorgang ganz verzichtet werden kann.The object of the present invention is now to be achieved are to propose a boil-off process by which the treatment time during the boil-off process is shortened so considerably that a space-consuming and costly temporary storage for the boil-off process can be dispensed with entirely.

Zur Lösung dieser Aufgabe wird bei einem Verfahren der eingangs genannten Art erfindungsgemäß vorgeschlagen, die Warenbahnen zunächst einer Waschbehandlung in einer Abkochflotte mit einer Laugenkonzentration von etwa 60g/1 oder mehr, vorzugsweise etwa 80g/1 NaOH fest während einer Dauer von etwa 30-40 Sek. bei einer Temperatur von etwa 95°C zu unterwerfen, bevor nach einer Auswaschbehandlung bei einer Temperatur von ebenfalls etwa 95°C und einer anschließenden Abkühlung die Warenbahnen einer Weiterbehandlung zugeführt werden. Die Weiterbehandlung kann dabei eine Imprägnierbehandlung für eine anschließende Kaltverweilbleiche sein, sie kann aber auch eine einfache Auswaschbehandlung für die in den Warenbahnen enthaltene Restmenge an NaOH vor dem anschließenden Aufdocken sein.To achieve this object it is proposed according to the invention in a method of the type mentioned at the outset that the material webs first undergo a washing treatment in a decoction liquor with an alkali concentration of about 60 g / 1 or more, preferably about 80 g / 1 NaOH, for a period of about 30-40 seconds to be subjected at a temperature of about 95 ° C. before the webs are passed on for further treatment after a wash-out treatment at a temperature of likewise about 95 ° C. and a subsequent cooling. The further treatment can be an impregnation treatment for subsequent cold bleaching, but it can also be a simple washout treatment for the remaining amount of NaOH contained in the webs before the subsequent docking.

Die Abkochflotte soll bei der Behandlung andauernd umgepumpt und dabei durch Filterung laufend von groben Verunder Natronlauge in reinigungen befreit werden. Da sich die Konzentration/der Behandlungsflotte durch Herausschleppen durch die Warenbahnen zunehmend verringern wird, soll der Behandlungsflotte laufend eine definierte Menge von frischer Behandlungsflotte zudosiert werden.During the treatment, the decoction liquor should be continuously pumped around and, in the process, it should be continuously filtered to remove coarse sundering caustic soda in cleanings. Since the concentration / treatment liquor will increasingly decrease as a result of being dragged out of the product webs, a defined amount of fresh treatment liquor should be metered into the treatment liquor on an ongoing basis.

Es hat sich als zweckmäßig erwiesen, in die Abkochbehandlung und in die anschließende Auswaschbehandlung jeweils leichte Zwischenabquetschungen der Warenbahnen einzuschalten und nach der Auswaschbehandlung starke Abquetschungen vorzunehmen.It has proven to be expedient to switch on slight intermediate squeezing of the material webs in the boil-off treatment and in the subsequent wash-out treatment and to carry out strong squeezes after the wash-out treatment.

Bei einer Anlage zur Durchführung dieses Verfahrens können beispielsweise die Abkocheinheiten für die Warenbahnen aus zwei hintereinandergeschalteten Waschabteilen mit einem leichten Zwischenquetschwerk und einem schweren Endquetschwerk durch die die Abkochflotte entgegen der Laufrichtung der Warenbahnen hindurchgeführt und vor dem erneuten Einführen in die Behandlung durch ein Filter geleitet wurd und die Auswascheinheit aus zwei hintereinandergeschalteten Waschabteilen mit einem leichten Zwischenquetschwerk und einem schweren Endquetschwerk bestehen.In a system for carrying out this method, for example, the decoction units for the product webs, consisting of two series-connected washing compartments with a light intermediate squeezer and a heavy final squeezer, through which the decoction liquor was passed against the direction of travel of the product lines and passed through a filter before being reintroduced into the treatment, and the washout unit consists of two wash compartments connected in series with a light intermediate squeeze unit and a heavy end squeeze unit.

Um die Laugenkonzentration der Abkochflotte immer konstant zu halten, soll in die Zuleitung für die Abkochflotte zu den Abkochabteilen ein Dosierautomat für die Zugabe frischer Abkochflotte eingeschaltet sein.In order to always keep the alkali concentration of the decoction liquor constant, an automatic dosing device for adding fresh decoction liquor should be switched on in the supply line for the decoction liquor to the decoction compartments.

Auf der Zeichnung ist ein Ausführungsbeispiel einer Anlage zur Durchführung des erfindungsgemäßen Verfahrens dargestellt.In the drawing, an embodiment of a system for performing the method according to the invention is shown.

Die Warenbahn 10 wird in dem dargestellten Beispiel von einem Wickel über eine Einführeinheit 11 in ein erstes Abkochabteil 12 eingeführt und nach einer Zwischenabquetschung durch ein leichtes Quetschwerk 14, in einem weiteren Abkochabteil 13 weiterbehandelt. Die Abkochflotte wird dabei im Gegenstrom zum Warenbahnlauf durch die Abkochabteile geführt. Es erfolgt dabei ein andauerndes Umpumpen der Flotte, wobei diese durch einen Filter 24 geführt wird, durch den grobe Verunreinigungen aus der Abkochflotte entfernt werden. Damit die Flottenkonzentration konstant bleibt, ist mit der Abkochflottenführungsleitung 25 ein Dosierautomat verbunden, durch den eine definierte Menge frischer Abkochflotte in den Flottenstrom eingegeben wird.In the example shown, the material web 10 is fed from a winding via an insertion unit 11 into a first boiling compartment 12 introduced and after an intermediate squeezing by a light squeeze mechanism 14, further treated in a further boiling compartment 13. The decoction liquor is guided through the decoction compartments countercurrent to the web run. The liquor is continuously pumped around, this being passed through a filter 24, through which coarse contaminants are removed from the decoction liquor. So that the liquor concentration remains constant, an automatic dosing device is connected to the decoction liquor guide line 25, through which a defined amount of fresh decoction liquor is entered into the liquor flow.

Hinter dem zweiten Abkochabteil 13 wird die Abkochflotte durch ein schweres Quetschwerk 15 weitgehendst aus der Warenbahn entfernt und die Warenbahn dann der ersten Auswascheinheit 16 zugeführt, in der Natronlauge und Verschmutzungen ausgewaschen werden. Nach einer leichten Zwischenabquetschung in einem Quetschwerk 18 wird die Warenbahn noch durch ein weiteres Auswaschabteil 17 geführt und schließlich durch ein weiteres schweres Quetschwerk 19 entwässert. Dabei wird die Endkonzentration nach dem letzten Abteil so eingestellt, daß die Restmenge NaOH in dem der Kühl- und Verdunstungseinheit 20 nachgeschalteten Imprägnierabteil für die Kaltverweilbleiche ausreicht.After the second boil-off compartment 13, the boil-off liquor is largely removed from the web by a heavy crushing device 15 and the web is then fed to the first wash-out unit 16, in which sodium hydroxide solution and contaminants are washed out. After a slight intermediate squeezing in a squeeze unit 18, the web is passed through a further washout compartment 17 and finally dewatered by another heavy squeeze unit 19. The final concentration after the last compartment is adjusted so that the remaining amount of NaOH in the impregnation compartment downstream of the cooling and evaporation unit 20 is sufficient for the cold bleaching.

Für den Fall, daß keine Bleiche erfolgen soll, wird das Imprägnierabteil 21, dem das Quetschwerk 22 nachgeschaltet ist, ebenfalls als Waschabteil zum Auswaschen der Restmenge NaOH verwendet, bevor die Warenbahn 10 von einem Ablagewickel 23 aufgenommen wird.In the event that bleaching is not to take place, the impregnation compartment 21, which is followed by the squeeze mechanism 22, is connected is also used as a washing compartment for washing out the remaining NaOH before the web 10 is taken up by a storage winder 23.

Claims (8)

1. Verfahren zum Abkochen von insbes. schweren und/oder faltenempfindlichen textilen Warenbahnen oder dgl.,aus Baumwolle /oder Baumwoll-Polyester-Gemischen, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß gegebenenfalls nach einer vorhergehenden Seng- und evtl. Entschlichtungsbehandlung die Warenbahnen zunächst einer Waschbehandlung in einer Abkochflotte mit einer Laugenkonzentration von etwa 60g/1 NaOH fest oder mehr während einer Dauer von etwa 30-40 Sek. bei einer Temperatur von etwa 95°C unterworfen werden, bevor nach einer Auswaschbehandlung bei einer Temparatur von ebenfalls etwa 95°C und einer anschließenden Abkühlung die Warenbahnen einer Weiterbehandlung zugeführt werden.1. A method of boiling, in particular, heavy and / or wrinkle-sensitive textile webs or the like, made of cotton / or cotton-polyester mixtures, characterized in that, after a previous scorching and possibly desizing treatment, the webs are first subjected to a washing treatment in a Decoction liquors with an alkali concentration of about 60 g / 1 NaOH solid or more for a period of about 30-40 seconds at a temperature of about 95 ° C before being subjected to a washout treatment at a temperature of likewise approximately 95 ° C. and subsequent cooling, the material webs are sent for further processing. 2. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Weiterbehandlung der Warenbahnen aus einer Auswaschbehandlung der in den Warenbahnen enthaltenen Restmenge an NaOH und einem anschließenden Ablegen oder Aufdocken besteht.2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the further treatment of the webs consists of a washout treatment of the residual amount contained in the webs of NaOH and a subsequent deposition or docking. 3. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Weiterbehandlung der Warenbahnen eine Imprägnierbehandlung für eine anschließende Kaltverweilbleiche ist.3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the further treatment of the webs is an impregnation treatment for a subsequent cold bleaching. 4. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 3, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abkochflotte bei der Behandlung andauernd umgepumpt und dabei gefiltert wird.4. The method according to claim 1 to 3, characterized in that the decoction liquor is continuously pumped during the treatment and is thereby filtered. 5. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 4, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß während der Abkochbehandlung in die Behandlungsflotte laufend eine definierte Menge von frischer Behandlungsflotte zudosiert wird.5. The method according to claim 1 to 4, characterized in that a defined amount of fresh treatment liquor is continuously metered into the treatment liquor during the boil-off treatment. 6. Verfahren nach Anspruch 1 bis 5, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in die Abkochbehandlung und in die anschließende Auswaschbehandlung jeweils leichte Zwischenabquetschungen der Warenbahnen eingeschaltet sind und nach der Abkochbehandlung und nach der Auswaschbehandlung starke Abquetschungen der WArenbahn erfolgen.6. The method according to claim 1 to 5, characterized in that in the boil-off treatment and in the subsequent washout treatment slight intermediate squeezes of the webs are switched on and after the boil-off treatment and after the washout treatment strong squeezes the goods train. 7. Anlage zur Durchführung des Verfahrens nach Anspruch 1 bis 6, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß die Abkocheinheit für die Warenbahnen (10) aus zwei hintereinandergeschalteten Waschabteilen (12, 13) mit einem leichten Zwischenquetschwerk (14) und einem schweren Endquetschwerk (15) bestehen, durch die die Abkochflotte entgegen der Laufrichtung der Warenbahnen hindurchgeführt und vor dem erneuten Einführen in die Behandlung durch ein Filter geleitet wird und die Auswascheinheit aus zwei hintereinandergeschalteten Waschabteilen (16, 17) mit einem leichten Zwischenquetschwerk (18) und einem schweren Endquetschwerk (19).7. Plant for performing the method according to claim 1 to 6, characterized in that the boiling unit for the webs (10) consists of two series-connected washing compartments (12, 13) with a light intermediate squeeze unit (14) and a heavy end squeeze unit (15), through which the decoction liquor is passed counter to the direction of travel of the material webs and passed through a filter before being re-introduced into the treatment, and the washing-out unit consists of two series-connected washing compartments (16, 17) with a light intermediate squeeze unit (18) and a heavy end squeeze unit (19). 8. Anlage nach ANspruch 7, dadurch gekennzeichnet, daß in die Zuleitung für die Abkochflotte zu den Abkochabteilen (12, 13) ein Dosierautomat (24) für die Zugabe frischer Abkochflotte eingeschaltet ist.8. Plant according to claim 7, characterized in that in the feed line for the decoction liquor to the decoction compartments (12, 13) an automatic dosing device (24) is switched on for the addition of fresh decoction liquor.
EP84113681A 1983-11-15 1984-11-13 Method and apparatus for mercerizing textile webs or the like Expired EP0144818B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84113681T ATE41450T1 (en) 1983-11-15 1984-11-13 METHOD AND PLANT FOR COOKING TEXTILE PRODUCTS OR THE LIKE.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
DE19833341272 DE3341272A1 (en) 1983-11-15 1983-11-15 METHOD AND INSTALLATION FOR COOKING TEXTILE TRACKS OR THE LIKE
DE3341272 1983-11-15

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0144818A1 true EP0144818A1 (en) 1985-06-19
EP0144818B1 EP0144818B1 (en) 1989-03-15

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Family Applications (1)

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EP84113681A Expired EP0144818B1 (en) 1983-11-15 1984-11-13 Method and apparatus for mercerizing textile webs or the like

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EP (1) EP0144818B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE41450T1 (en)
DE (2) DE3341272A1 (en)

Cited By (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0489191A1 (en) * 1990-12-05 1992-06-10 GESMA - Gestione Sviluppo Medie Aziende SpA Method for continuous mercerising, and apparatus that employs such method
EP0566832A2 (en) * 1992-04-21 1993-10-27 Babcock Textilmaschinen GmbH Method and device for mercerising
DE4408416A1 (en) * 1994-03-12 1995-09-14 Kuesters Eduard Maschf Reel winder for fabric web having reduced prodn. expenditure
WO1997005322A1 (en) * 1995-07-25 1997-02-13 Eduard Küsters Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG Device for winding a textile web

Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2039780A5 (en) * 1969-03-28 1971-01-15 Textilwerke Otten Mercerisation of woven material
GB2077783A (en) * 1980-06-03 1981-12-23 Ivanovsky Nii Khlopchatobum Mercerising cloth

Patent Citations (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR2039780A5 (en) * 1969-03-28 1971-01-15 Textilwerke Otten Mercerisation of woven material
GB2077783A (en) * 1980-06-03 1981-12-23 Ivanovsky Nii Khlopchatobum Mercerising cloth

Cited By (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
EP0489191A1 (en) * 1990-12-05 1992-06-10 GESMA - Gestione Sviluppo Medie Aziende SpA Method for continuous mercerising, and apparatus that employs such method
EP0566832A2 (en) * 1992-04-21 1993-10-27 Babcock Textilmaschinen GmbH Method and device for mercerising
EP0566832A3 (en) * 1992-04-21 1994-01-05 Babcock Textilmasch
DE4408416A1 (en) * 1994-03-12 1995-09-14 Kuesters Eduard Maschf Reel winder for fabric web having reduced prodn. expenditure
DE19527110C1 (en) * 1994-03-12 1997-01-16 Kuesters Eduard Maschf Device for winding a textile web
WO1997005322A1 (en) * 1995-07-25 1997-02-13 Eduard Küsters Maschinenfabrik GmbH & Co. KG Device for winding a textile web
US5878974A (en) * 1995-07-25 1999-03-09 Eduard Kusters Maschinefabrik Gmbh & Co. Kg Device for winding a textile web

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
EP0144818B1 (en) 1989-03-15
DE3477211D1 (en) 1989-04-20
DE3341272A1 (en) 1985-05-23
ATE41450T1 (en) 1989-04-15

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