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EP0142935A2 - Dispositif de reconnaissance de la voix pour notation d'intervalles musicaux - Google Patents

Dispositif de reconnaissance de la voix pour notation d'intervalles musicaux Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0142935A2
EP0142935A2 EP84307003A EP84307003A EP0142935A2 EP 0142935 A2 EP0142935 A2 EP 0142935A2 EP 84307003 A EP84307003 A EP 84307003A EP 84307003 A EP84307003 A EP 84307003A EP 0142935 A2 EP0142935 A2 EP 0142935A2
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
voice
interval
signal
musical sound
scoring system
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Withdrawn
Application number
EP84307003A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0142935A3 (fr
Inventor
Takehiro Ishikawa
Toshio Sakata
Nobuo Obara
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Seiko Instruments Inc
Original Assignee
Seiko Instruments Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Seiko Instruments Inc filed Critical Seiko Instruments Inc
Publication of EP0142935A2 publication Critical patent/EP0142935A2/fr
Publication of EP0142935A3 publication Critical patent/EP0142935A3/fr
Withdrawn legal-status Critical Current

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    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H3/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means
    • G10H3/12—Instruments in which the tones are generated by electromechanical means using mechanical resonant generators, e.g. strings or percussive instruments, the tones of which are picked up by electromechanical transducers, the electrical signals being further manipulated or amplified and subsequently converted to sound by a loudspeaker or equivalent instrument
    • G10H3/125—Extracting or recognising the pitch or fundamental frequency of the picked up signal
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H5/00—Instruments in which the tones are generated by means of electronic generators
    • G10H5/005—Voice controlled instruments
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2210/00—Aspects or methods of musical processing having intrinsic musical character, i.e. involving musical theory or musical parameters or relying on musical knowledge, as applied in electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2210/031—Musical analysis, i.e. isolation, extraction or identification of musical elements or musical parameters from a raw acoustic signal or from an encoded audio signal
    • G10H2210/066—Musical analysis, i.e. isolation, extraction or identification of musical elements or musical parameters from a raw acoustic signal or from an encoded audio signal for pitch analysis as part of wider processing for musical purposes, e.g. transcription, musical performance evaluation; Pitch recognition, e.g. in polyphonic sounds; Estimation or use of missing fundamental
    • G—PHYSICS
    • G10—MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; ACOUSTICS
    • G10H—ELECTROPHONIC MUSICAL INSTRUMENTS; INSTRUMENTS IN WHICH THE TONES ARE GENERATED BY ELECTROMECHANICAL MEANS OR ELECTRONIC GENERATORS, OR IN WHICH THE TONES ARE SYNTHESISED FROM A DATA STORE
    • G10H2210/00—Aspects or methods of musical processing having intrinsic musical character, i.e. involving musical theory or musical parameters or relying on musical knowledge, as applied in electrophonic musical tools or instruments
    • G10H2210/031—Musical analysis, i.e. isolation, extraction or identification of musical elements or musical parameters from a raw acoustic signal or from an encoded audio signal
    • G10H2210/086—Musical analysis, i.e. isolation, extraction or identification of musical elements or musical parameters from a raw acoustic signal or from an encoded audio signal for transcription of raw audio or music data to a displayed or printed staff representation or to displayable MIDI-like note-oriented data, e.g. in pianoroll format

Definitions

  • This invention relates to voice recognition interval scoring systems, for example, for scoring intervals of a voice singing a song or for reproducing the scored interval in a musical sound waveform.
  • the present invention seeks to provide a voice recognition interval scoring system having a small sized microprocessor and hardware and scoring the interval of a voice or musical sound efficiently, easily and precisely and making it possible to correct scored interval data easily.
  • Said interval reproducing means mean include a musical sound generator for producing a plurality of musical sound waves.
  • the voice recognition interval scoring system may comprise correcting means for correcting interval data stored in said memory means.
  • Said correcting means may include a switch for selecting an address of said memory means and a switch for changing the interval of the address selected.
  • an external switch for setting reproduction at an octave-shift action when the content of saidmemory means is produced by said interval reproducing means.
  • a voice recognition interval scoring system includes a tempo generator, said pitch extracting means operating in response to a tempo signal from said tempo generator and being inhibited until said voice or musical sound is applied.
  • Said pitch extracting means may comprise an inverting circuit for inverting the wave of said voice or said musical sound, a first peak hold circuit, a second peak hold circuit and a flip-flop controlled by said first peak hold circuit and said second peak hold circuit, said first peak hold circuit in operation detecting a positive peak of said wave of said voice or said musical sound, said second peak hold circuit in operation detecting a positive peak of the output of said inverting circuit so that a period of said voice or said musical sound is detected by measuring the period of the output of said flip-flop.
  • the present invention relates to a voice recognition interval scoring system for scoring the interval of a voice singing a song and for reproducing the scored interval in, for example, a musical sound waveform.
  • the present invention contemplates providing correcting means for easily correcting interval data scored and to correct the interval in a correcting mode by shifting cursors at portions to be corrected.
  • FIG. 1 is a block diagram of one embodiment of a voice recognition interval scoring system according to the present invention.
  • the interval scoring system has a CPU 1, and an address decoder 2, a voice pitch extractor 3, a RAM 4, a note indicator 5, a musical sound generator 6, a switch unit 7 and a tempo generator 8.
  • the CPU 1 has its address signal AD connected with the address decoder 2, and a data bus DATA BUS connected commonly with data terminals of the voice pitch extractor 3, the RAM 4, the note indicator 5, the musical sound generator 6 and the switch unit 7. Moreover, the CPU 1 provides a signal RD to respective terminals RD of the voice pitch extractor 3, the RAM 4 and the switch unit 7 and provides a signal WR to respective terminals WR of the RAM 4, the note indicator 5 and the musical sound generator 6.
  • a signal ADO is connected with the voice pitch extractor 3
  • a signal AD1 is connected with the ram 4
  • signals A D2 to AD9 are connected with the note indicator 5
  • the signal AD10 is connected with the musical sound generator 6
  • signals AD11, AD12 are connected with the switch unit 7.
  • a voice inputting microphone MIC is connected with a terminal IN of the voice pitch extractor 3
  • a signal ⁇ L as the output of the voice pitch extractor 3 is fed to the tempo generator 8.
  • a signal TEMP as the output of the tempo generator 8 is fed to an interruption terminal INT of the CPU 1.
  • the address decoder 2 judges what block the CPU 1 is working for at present and selects one of the blocks.
  • the voice pitch extractor 3 is selected by the signal ADO from the address decoder 2 to amplify the voice signal inputted from the microphone MIC, to detect the peak of the fundamental wave of that voice waveform, to measure the time period from peak-to-peak, and to score the measured value. If necessary (i.e. when the CPU 1 selects the signal ADO), moreover, the data is superposed on the data bus DATA BUS.
  • the signal ⁇ L as shown is generated only with the voice input, and this period is substantially equal to the pitch period of the voice input waveform.
  • the RAM 4 is selected by the signal AD1 from the address decoder 2.
  • the signal AD1 there are generally a plurality of address input terminals which are accessed only with the signal AD1.
  • a plurality of address signals are connected from the CPU 1 to the RAM 4 but are not shown in Figure 1. Therefore, the signal AD1 is shown as a chip select signal of the RAM 4.
  • the connections between a CPU and a RAM are already well known and so will not be described further.
  • the RAM 4 stores musical scale data after pitch data obtained from the voice pitch extractor 3 has been judged and transduced by the CPU 1. Specifically, the CPU 1 stores scale data which is obtained from the voice pitch extractor 3, consecutively in the RAM 4. When the scale data stored is to be corrected or reproduced, moreover, the CPU 1 consecutively reads out and processes the data stored in the RAM 4.
  • the note indicator 5 consecutively indicates a portion of the data stored in the RAM 4 and is constructed of a liquid or LED indicator and a drive circuit.
  • Figure 2 is an exterior view of the note indicator 5 constructed of LEDs. LEDs corresponding to individual musical scales are mounted on a staff notation so that musical scales up to eight tones may be displayed simultaneously as a whole. Moreover, LEDs for sharps are also mounted for indicating half tones.
  • the musical sound generator 6 recognises the scale data stored in the RAM 4 and transduces it into musical tones and has a function arbitrarily to select a plurality of musical sounds.
  • the scale data stored in the RAM 4 which is instructed by the CPU 1, is transduced into musical sound signals which are amplified by a filter unit and an amplifier unit to drive a speaker, none of these being shown in the drawings.
  • the switch unit 7 comprises a mode switch for setting the recording, correcting and reproducing modes, start and end switches for the respective modes, a cursor shifting switch for the correcting mode, an octave shift switch for correction or reproduction, and a tune correcting switch for correcting the tune of a musical scale. These switches are selected in response to the signals AD11, AD12 and switch data produced thereby is superposed on the data bus.
  • the CPU 1 reads out the switch data from the data bus and conducts a switching process, if necessary.
  • the tempo generator 8 comprises a variable oscillator whose frequency of oscillation is easily varied by means of a variable resistor, a tempo generator circuit for generating a tempo signal, a tempo pronunciating circuit synchronised with the tempo signal, a tempo display circuit for visually confirming the tempo, and a voice synchronisation tempo control circuit constructed so that the tempo signal may be synchronised with the voice input and has its signal TEMPO connected with the terminal INT of the CPU 1.
  • the CPU 1 is interrupted in response to the signal TEMP to read in the data of the voice pitch extractor 3 a plurality of times at a timing of about one half of the period of the signal TEMP.
  • the CPU 1 reads in the pitch data of the voice signal at a relatively stable interval.
  • the CPU 1 promptly reads in the relatively stable pitch data a plurality of times and transduces it into a plurality of scale data. A majority logic is taken from the plurality of scale data and the most frequent scale data is stored in the RAM 4.
  • the voice pitch extractor 3 outputs new pitch data at each pitch of the voice signal inputted. In other words, the voice pitch extractor 3 extracts the voice pitch data in real time.
  • the CPU 1 causes the scale data detected in the RAM 4 consecutively in response to the signal TEMP.
  • the foregoing operations are those in the song making mode or in the recording mode. Simultaneously with this storing operation in the RAM 4, moreover, the CPU 1 transfers the scale data to the note indicator 5 so that the note can be displayed in real time.
  • the scale data stored in the RAM 4 is read out and corrected.
  • the scale data of eight tones is displayed in the note indicator 5 and is corrected while being confirmed.
  • the correcting operations can be better facilitated if the scale data is transferred to the musical sound generator also to effect two expression systems of the musical sounds and the displays simultaneously as the musical scales are displayed by the musical sound generator 6.
  • the scale data stored in the RAM 4 is reproduced simultaneously in the note indicator 5 and the musical sound generator 6 in synchronism with the signal TEMP coming from the tempo generator 8.
  • the musical scales of a song which were slowly inputted in the song making mode, can be speeded up when they are reproduced. This is because the CPU 1 operates in synchronism with the variable signal TEMP.
  • the voice pitch extractor 3 has an amplifier 30, a voltage follower 31, an inverting amplifier 32 having an amplification factor of 1, peak hold circuits 33,34, a set/reset flip-flop (S R F/ F ) 35, a differentiator 36, a delay circuit 37, an oscillator 38 for generating a clock signal of 1 MHz, a counter 39, a latch circuit 40, an electronic switch 41 which is turned on and off in response to a signal at an S input terminal, an AND circuit 42, and a microphone 43.
  • an amplifier 30 has an amplifier 30, a voltage follower 31, an inverting amplifier 32 having an amplification factor of 1, peak hold circuits 33,34, a set/reset flip-flop (S R F/ F ) 35, a differentiator 36, a delay circuit 37, an oscillator 38 for generating a clock signal of 1 MHz, a counter 39, a latch circuit 40, an electronic switch 41 which is turned on and off in response to a signal at an S input terminal, an AND circuit 42
  • the microphone 43 is connected with the input terminal of the amplifier 30, the output of which is connected with the input terminal of the voltage follower 31, the output of which is connected with both an input terminal of the peak hold circuit 33 and an input terminal of the inverting amplifier 32.
  • the output of the inverting amplifier 32 is connected with an input terminal of the peak hold circuit 34, and the output of the peak hold circuit 33 is connected with an input terminal of a set input terminal S of the SRF/F 35.
  • the output of the peak hold circuit 34 is connected with a reset input terminal R of the SRF/F 35, an output terminal Q of which is connected with an input terminal of the differentiator 36.
  • An output terminal ⁇ I. of the differentiator 36 is connected with an input terminal of the delay circuit 37 and an input terminal Q of the latch circuit 40.
  • An output terminal ⁇ R of the delay circuit 37 is connected with a reset input terminal of the counter 39, and the output terminal (indicated by letters 1 MHz) of the oscillator 38 is connected with a clock input terminal of the counter 39, the counted output of which is connected with an input terminal of the latch circuit 40, the output of which is connected with the electronic switch 41, the output of which is connected with the data bus DATA BUS.
  • the signal ADO and the signal RD are inputted to the AND circuit 42, the output of which is connected with the input terminal S of the electronic switch 41.
  • this electronic switch 41 is generally constructed as a tri-state buffer so that it is turned on for an input at the input terminal S of level 1 and so that its output takes a high impedance when the input at the input terminal S is at level 0.
  • Figure 4 being a timing chart illustrating the timings of the voice pitch extractor of Figure 3.
  • the voice signal inputted from the microphone 43 is caused by the amplifier 30 and the voltage follower 31 to have such a waveform as indicated at A in Figure 4.
  • the output of the inverting amplifier 32 having an amplification factor of 1, becomes such an inversion from the waveform A as is indicated at B in Figure 4.
  • the waveforms A and B are prepared by amplifying the voice waveform and are inverted to become symmetric to each other.
  • the waveform A is connected with the input terminal of the peak hold circuit 33 whereas the waveform B is connected with the input terminal of the peak hold circuit 34 so that the two peak hold circuits 33, 34 detect the peak values of the respective waveforms and hold them.
  • these peak hold circuits 33, 34 analogously hold the peak values in a capacitor C but discharge, although slightly, through a resistor R. After detection of the peaks of the input waveforms, more specifically, the potential at a point P is caused to follow broken curves, which are located above the waveforms A and B of Figure 4, in accordance with the time constant determined by the values of the capacitor C and the resistor R. Moreover, the respective outputs (as indicated at C and D in Figure 4) of the peak hold circuit 33, 34 take level 1 when the peak of the waveform A or B is detected. More specifically, the peak hold circuit 33 detects the positive peak of the voice waveform whereas the peak hold circuit 34 detects the negative peak of the voice waveform.
  • the voice waveforms are complicated as are indicated at A and B in Figure 4, but the voice pitch can be efficiently detected if the peak hold circuit is as shown in Figure 3.
  • the voice frequency is usually 70 Hz to 900 Ez
  • the time constant of the circuit comprising the capacitor C and the resistor R is preferred to be about 10 ms or longer.
  • the output (as indicated at C) of the peak hold circuit 33 operates to set the SRF/F 35 whereas the output (as indicated at D ) of the peak hold circuit 34 operates to reset the SRF/F 35.
  • the operating timings are indicated at C, D, and E in Figure 4.
  • the waveform E is the output at the Q terminal of the S R F/ F 35.
  • the SRF/F 35 is set by the positive peak of the voice waveform and is reset by the negative peak.
  • the output at the Q terminal of the SRF/F 35 is synchronised with the voice pitch, as indicated at E in Figure 4.
  • the output signals of the differentiator 36 and the delay circuit are denoted at ⁇ L and ⁇ R respectively.
  • the signal ⁇ L or the signal ⁇ R is generated only at the positive peak of the voice waveform, and its generating period is substantially equal to the voice pitch.
  • the signal ⁇ L operates as the clock input of the latch circuit 40 whereas the signal ⁇ R operates as the reset input of the counter 39.
  • This counter 39 may preferably be of a binary- up type of 15 to 16 bits.
  • the counter 39 is reset by the signal ⁇ R which is generated at each voice pitch, and counts the clock signal of 1 MHz in other time periods.
  • the latch circuit 40 latches the counted value of the counter 39. Since the signal ⁇ L is generated slightly before the signal ⁇ R, the latch circuit 40 latches the value immediately before the counter 39 is reset.
  • the value counted at a timing T1 (as shown) of Figure 4 is latched and held in the region of a timing T 2 (as shown).
  • the held content of the latch circuit 40 detects new data in real time in accordance with the voice pitch. Since the clock of the counter 39 is 1 MHz, moreover, the period of the voice pitch becomes 2 ms, and the fundamental frequency of the voice becomes 500 Hz, if the counted value of the counter 39 is "2000".
  • the held data of the latch circuit 40 is fed to the -data bus DATA BUS on instruction from the CPU 1 when the signal AD O and the signal RD become effective.
  • the voice pitch data is fed to the data bus in real time when they are required by the CPU.
  • the item "voice pitch allowable period” means the voice input pitch period, which is to be allowed in comparison with the musical absolute interval, so that the interval generated by a person is recognised as is replaced by a tone name in the vicinity of the corresponding interval even if it is slightly shifted.
  • the allowable counted value expresses the counted value of the counter 39.
  • the voice pitch extractor has a highly accurate and simple circuit construction so that it can efficiently extract the voice pitch data.
  • Figure 5 is a diagram showing details of the note indicator
  • Figure 2 is an external view of the note indicator
  • Figure 6 is a detailed diagram corresponding to Figure 5
  • Figure 7 is a timing chart illustrating the operation of the note indicator.
  • the note indicator includes AND circuits 50, tri-state latch circuits 51a to 51h which are composed of latch circuits and tri-statebuffers, a decoder 52, an X-driver 53, a Y-driver 54, a timing generator 55 and an LED display 56.
  • LED or liquid crystal elements can be used, the former being exemplified in the present embodiment.
  • the AND circuits 50 are gate elements for turning on and off the signals AD2 to AD9 in response to the signal WR. Signals ⁇ 2 to ⁇ 9 from the outputs of the AND circuits 50 are connected with input terminals ⁇ of the tri-state latch circuits 51a to 51h, respectively.
  • these tri-state latch circuits 51a to 51h have their input terminals IN connected with the data bus DATA BUS and their terminals OUT connected commonly with the input terminal of the decoder 52. Since the data bus has eight bits, the input terminal of the decoder 52 also has eight bits.
  • Signals ⁇ A to ⁇ H at the outputs of the timing generator 55 are connected with an input terminal of the Y-driver 54 and with input terminals S of the tri-state latch circuits 51a to 51h, respectively.
  • the output of the decoder 52 is connected with an input terminal of the X-driver 53, the output of which is connected with an output terminal of the Y-driver 54 and the LED display 56.
  • the LED display 56 is as shown in Figure 2, with an LED group mounted on each staff notation.
  • the LED display is composed of eight blocks, each of which is so connected that it is controlled by the output of the Y-driver 54.
  • the LED display shown in Figure 2 is so arranged that it is driven by the X-driver 53 and the Y-driver 54.
  • Output timings ⁇ A to ⁇ H of the timing generator 55 are such shift pulses as are shown in the timing chart of Figure 7.
  • the Y-driver 54 sequentially drives the eight blocks of the LED display in response to the pulses shown in Figure 7.
  • the CPU selects one of the signals AD2 to AD9 and generates the signal WR at the same time. For example, in the case where a predetermined note is to be displayed in the most left-hand note block, the CPU selects a signal AD2 and feeds predetermined scale data to the data bus.
  • the signal ⁇ 2 becomes active so that the tri-state latch circuit 51a takes in the scale data on the data bus.
  • the tri-state latch circuit 51a has the construction shown in Figure 6, and takes in the data from a terminal ⁇ to output it from a terminal S. As a result the tri-state latched circuit 51a transfers the scale data to the decoder 52 in response to the signal ⁇ A shown in Figure
  • the decoder 52 transduces the scale data into a predetermined LED lighting signal to drive the X-driver 53.
  • the LED display of one block has sixteen components and the decoder 52 has sixteen outputs.
  • the LED display 56 is driven only by the output timing of the timing generator 55 and is not synchronised with the data transfer from the CPU.
  • the CPU is enabled to transfer arbitrary scale data to an arbitrary display at an arbitrary time.
  • the load upon the processing of the C PU is reduced, and the construction of the program can be facilitated.
  • Figure 8 shows a musical sound generator 80, effect switches 81 for vibrating and sustaining to control the musical sound waveforms, an AND circuit 82, a musical sound generator 83, a filter 84, an amplifier 85 and a speaker 86.
  • the data bus is connected with an input terminal DIN of the musical sound generator 80, and the AND circuit 82 is fed with the signal AD10 and the signal WR and has its output connected with the input terminal WR of the musical sound generator 83.
  • the musical sound generator 80 and the effect switch 81 are connected with the musical sound generator 83.
  • An output OUT is connected with the input terminal of the filter 84, the output of which is connected with the input terminal of the amplifier 85, the output of which is connected with the speaker 86.
  • the CPU selects the signal AD10 to feed predetermined scale data to the data bus and to generate the signal WR at the same time.
  • the musical sound generator 83 reads in the scale data which is applied to the DIN terminal, in response to the signal WR to recognise the scale data and compose the musical sound.
  • the musical sound generator is sufficiently constructed of a musical sound generating ISI available in the market, and its peripheral circuit is known as the electronic circuit for an electronic instrument.
  • the musical sound generating LSI is a custom built ISI. The present embodiment must naturally have the CPU data receiving function.
  • the CPU can reproduce beautiful musical sounds with ease by transferring the predetermined scale codes to the addresses of the signal AD10.
  • the switch unit 7 has tri-state buffers 90a to 90c which are to be controlled through an input terminal S as shown in Figure 10, a mode switch 91 for setting the song making, correcting and reproducing modes, a start switch 92, an end switch 93, cursor shifting switches 94, 97 for the correcting mode, a rotary digital switch 98 for octave shift in the correcting or reproducing mode, a rotary digital switch 99 for tune correction in the correcting or reproducing mode, and AND circuits 100, 101.
  • the mode switch 91, the start switch 92 and the end switch 93 are connected with input terminals of the tri-state buffer 90a and the cursor shifting switches 94 to 97 are connected with input terminals of the tri-state buffer 90b.
  • the respective outputs of the rotary digital switches 98, 99 are connected with the input terminals of the tri-state buffer 90c.
  • the respective outputs of the tri-state buffers 90a, 90b, 90c, are connected commonly with the data bus.
  • the signal RD is connected with one input terminal of each of the AND circuits 100, 101, and the signal AD11 is connected with the other input terminal of the AND circuit 100 whereas the signal AD12 is connected with the other input terminal of the AND circuit 101.
  • the output of the AND circuit 100 is connected with the respective input terminals S of the tri-state buffers 90a, 90b, whereas the output of the AND circuit 101 is connected with the input terminal S of the tri-state buffer 90c.
  • the switch unit 7 When the CPU wants to know the states of the switches, first of all the states of the respective switches from the mode switch 91 to the cursor shifting switch 97 are outputted to the data bus by activating the signal AD11 and the signal RD. The CPU reads and stores the data. By activating the signal AD and the signal RD, moreover, the states of the rotary digital switches 98, 99 can be known.
  • the mode switch 91 is set in the song making mode, and the start switch 92 is turned on.
  • the CPU detects the voice input in accordance with the signal TEMP. Specifically, the CPU takes in the pitch data of the voice pitch extractor 3 and transduces it into the scale data which is stored consecutively in the RA M 4.
  • the end switch 93 is turned on to end the song making mode.
  • the mode switch 91 is set in the correcting state, and the start switch 92 is turned on.
  • the CPU detects this state and reproduces the scale data, which is stored in the top to eighth one of the RAM 4, in the note indicator 5 in the musical sound generator 6.
  • the CPU refers the switch data of both the octave shifing rotary digital switch 98 and the transposing rotary digital switch 99. For example, if both the rotary digital switches 98, 99 are in the shift zero positions, the scale data of the RAM 4 is reproduced as it is.
  • the scale data in the RAM 4 is reproduced after it is shifted up by one octave. At this time, the scale data to be transferred to the note indicator 5 and the musical sound generator 6 is processed with the scale data in the RAM 4 being left as it is.
  • the transposing rotary digital switch 99 has a function to effect reproduction by transferring a C major into an F minor, for example.
  • a melody of C 5 , A 5 , B and is to be reproduced by raising the musical scale by one more specifically, the reproduction results in , A5, C 5 and E 4 .
  • the notes in arbitrary positions can be arbitrarily corrected by the actions of the cursor shifting switches 94 to 97.
  • the scale data in the RAM 4 is corrected.
  • the start switch 92 When the start switch 92 is turned on in the correcting mode, moreover, the following eight scales are reproduced, namely, the operations of reproducing and correcting the eight scales. If the corrections of the eight tones are ended, therefore, the start switch 92 can be turned on to enter the corrections of the eight tones.
  • the mode switch 91 is set in the reproducing mode, and the start switch 92 is turned on.
  • the CP U sequentially reproduces the scale data of the RAM 4 in the note indicator 5 and the musical sound generator 6 in synchronism with the signal TEMP.
  • the reproduction is made in accordance with the switch states of the octave shifting rotary digital switch 98 and the transposing rotary digital switch 99.
  • the CPU can easily read the switch data at its arbitrary timing.
  • the switches since the switches may be promptly operated, consideration has to be taken to take into the switches every 100 ms.
  • the scale data once stored can be corrected repeatedly many times and can be reproduced at an arbitrary octave and in an arbitrary transposition.
  • the tempo generator 8 will be explained in detail with reference to Figure 11.
  • the tempo generator has a variable oscillator 110 whose frequency of oscillation can be varied by a resistor R x, a counter 111, differentiators 112, 113, a set/reset flip-flop (S R F/ F ) 114, AND circuits 115, 117, 118, an OR circuit 116, a delay circuit 119, a visual display 120, an audio display 121, and a speaker ON switch 122.
  • the output of the variable oscillator 110 is connected with a clock input terminal of the counter 111, the output of which is connected with an input terminal of the differentiator 112, an output terminal TX of which is connected with one input terminal of the OR circuit 116.
  • the song making signal and the start signal are fed from the switch unit 7 to the input terminals of the AND circuit 115, respectively.
  • the output of the AND circuit 115 is connected with a reset input terminal R of the SRF/F 114, whereas the signal ⁇ L is connected with a set input terminal S of the SRF/F 114.
  • the signal QL is level 1 which is fed from the voice pitch extractor 3, and is generated only when the voice input is applied, in synchronism with the pitch of the voice. As a result, the signal ⁇ L is not generated in the case of no voice.
  • An input terminal Q of the SRF/F 114 is connected with the input terminal of the differentiator 113 and one terminal of the AND circuit 117 and an output terminal BGN of the differentiator 113 is connected with the other input terminal of the OR circuit 116 and a reset terminal of the differentiator 112.
  • the output of the OR circuit 116 is connected with the other input terminal of the AND circuit 117, one input terminal of the AND circuit 118 and an input terminal of the visual display 120.
  • a signal of 1 KHz is connected with the other input terminal of the AND circuit 118.
  • An output terminal TY of the AND circuit 117 is connected with an input terminal of the delay circuit 119, the output of which is connected as the signal TEMP with the input terminal INT of the CPU 1 of Figure 1.
  • the output of the AND circuit 118 is connected through the speaker ON switch 122 with an input terminal of the audio display 121.
  • the visual display 120 is composed of an LED and a circuit for driving the LED and operates to effect tempo display.
  • the audio display 121 is composed of a speaker and a circuit for driving the speaker and generates a tempo sound in response to the 1 KHz signal.
  • Figure 12 is a timing chart showing the timings of the respective portions of Figure 11.
  • the tempo generator of the present embodiment contemplates to practice a tempo synchronising system by which the tempo is synchronised with the voice input at the start of a song.
  • the song singing is not started before the start switch is turned on.
  • a signal Q takes the level 0 at a timing tab of Figure, 12.
  • the signal Q is at level 1 and the signal T X becomes a signal TY as it is, so that the signal TEMP is generated.
  • the CPU does not score in accordance with the signal TEMP so long as the start switch receives no input even in the song making mode. In other words, the CPU does not score in the timing region ta.
  • the signal Q is caused to take the level 0 as a result that the start switch is turned on, the signal TEMP is not generated in a timing region tb so that the CPU does not score. Even if the start is made in the song making mode, more specifically, the CPU does not score to spare the memory region of the RAM 4.
  • the signal ⁇ L begins to be inputted to set the SRF/F 114.
  • the differentiator 113 operates to generate the signal BGN at the rise of the output Q.
  • the signal BGN resets the counter 111 and the differentiator 112 so that the signal TX is generated for a predetermined period after the signal BGN has been generated.
  • the signal TEMP is generated in response to the signal BGN and the signal TX.
  • a signal TZ is generated at such a timing as is shown in Figure 12 only when the speaker on switch 122 is turned on. In other words, since those tempo confirming means are provided even in any state, the tempo of the song can be easily taken.
  • the counter 111 receives and divides the clock from the variable oscillator 110 to generate the tempo period which is determined by the resistor Rx. As a result, the signal TX is a tempo pulse in a normal state.
  • the signal TZ is delayed to produce the signal TEMP. This is because the start of a voice has a relatively unstable waveform so that the pitch extracting efficiency drops as the voice pitch is extracted at the first timing. In other words the interruption of the CPU, (i.e. the signal INT or the signal TEMP) is more or less delayed so as to extract the pitch in the vicinity of the centre of a timing 1 ⁇ of Figure 12.
  • the tempo generator thus far described, no consideration need be taken into the start of the song, and the storing efficiency of the RAM can be improved.
  • the soundless section can be cut to reproduce the song in high fidelity from the start.

Landscapes

  • Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Acoustics & Sound (AREA)
  • Multimedia (AREA)
  • Electrophonic Musical Instruments (AREA)
  • Measurement Of Mechanical Vibrations Or Ultrasonic Waves (AREA)
EP84307003A 1983-10-24 1984-10-12 Dispositif de reconnaissance de la voix pour notation d'intervalles musicaux Withdrawn EP0142935A3 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
JP58198796A JPS6090396A (ja) 1983-10-24 1983-10-24 音声認識式音程採譜装置
JP198796/83 1983-10-24

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0142935A2 true EP0142935A2 (fr) 1985-05-29
EP0142935A3 EP0142935A3 (fr) 1988-03-16

Family

ID=16397043

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84307003A Withdrawn EP0142935A3 (fr) 1983-10-24 1984-10-12 Dispositif de reconnaissance de la voix pour notation d'intervalles musicaux

Country Status (2)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0142935A3 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6090396A (fr)

Cited By (6)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988005200A1 (fr) * 1987-01-08 1988-07-14 Breakaway Technologies, Inc. Dispositif de divertissement et d'expression creatrice permettant aisement de jouer d'un instrument ou de chanter sur un fond musical.
EP0318675A1 (fr) * 1987-10-08 1989-06-07 Casio Computer Company Limited Dispositif pour extraire une hauteur de note à partir d'un signal en forme d'onde
EP0367191A2 (fr) * 1988-10-31 1990-05-09 Nec Home Electronics, Ltd. Méthode et dispositif de transcription musicale automatique
EP0749107A2 (fr) * 1995-06-16 1996-12-18 Yamaha Corporation Synthétiseur détectant la hauteur et le point de départ d'une note d'instrument à cordes pour la génération de notes
US6372973B1 (en) 1999-05-18 2002-04-16 Schneidor Medical Technologies, Inc, Musical instruments that generate notes according to sounds and manually selected scales
US7563975B2 (en) 2005-09-14 2009-07-21 Mattel, Inc. Music production system

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GB2013386A (en) * 1977-09-10 1979-08-08 Fox H M Electronic sound processing device
US4168645A (en) * 1977-05-20 1979-09-25 Morris B. Squire Electronic musical instrument
GB1575445A (en) * 1976-02-16 1980-09-24 Roland Corp Rectangular waveform signal reproducing circuit for electronic musical instruments
US4230012A (en) * 1977-06-14 1980-10-28 Bach Laboratories, Inc. Musical instrument and method for use therein
GB2138988A (en) * 1983-02-27 1984-10-31 Casio Computer Co Ltd Electronic musical instrument

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JPS5786891A (en) * 1980-11-20 1982-05-31 Ricoh Watch Music processor
JPS57188092A (en) * 1981-05-14 1982-11-18 Ricoh Kk Music making apparatus

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Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
GB1575445A (en) * 1976-02-16 1980-09-24 Roland Corp Rectangular waveform signal reproducing circuit for electronic musical instruments
US4168645A (en) * 1977-05-20 1979-09-25 Morris B. Squire Electronic musical instrument
US4230012A (en) * 1977-06-14 1980-10-28 Bach Laboratories, Inc. Musical instrument and method for use therein
GB2013386A (en) * 1977-09-10 1979-08-08 Fox H M Electronic sound processing device
GB2138988A (en) * 1983-02-27 1984-10-31 Casio Computer Co Ltd Electronic musical instrument

Cited By (12)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO1988005200A1 (fr) * 1987-01-08 1988-07-14 Breakaway Technologies, Inc. Dispositif de divertissement et d'expression creatrice permettant aisement de jouer d'un instrument ou de chanter sur un fond musical.
US4771671A (en) * 1987-01-08 1988-09-20 Breakaway Technologies, Inc. Entertainment and creative expression device for easily playing along to background music
EP0318675A1 (fr) * 1987-10-08 1989-06-07 Casio Computer Company Limited Dispositif pour extraire une hauteur de note à partir d'un signal en forme d'onde
US5018427A (en) * 1987-10-08 1991-05-28 Casio Computer Co., Ltd. Input apparatus of electronic system for extracting pitch data from compressed input waveform signal
EP0367191A2 (fr) * 1988-10-31 1990-05-09 Nec Home Electronics, Ltd. Méthode et dispositif de transcription musicale automatique
EP0367191A3 (en) * 1988-10-31 1990-07-25 Nec Home Electronics, Ltd. Automatic music transcription method and system
AU631573B2 (en) * 1988-10-31 1992-12-03 Nec Corporation Automatic music transcription
EP0749107A2 (fr) * 1995-06-16 1996-12-18 Yamaha Corporation Synthétiseur détectant la hauteur et le point de départ d'une note d'instrument à cordes pour la génération de notes
EP0749107A3 (fr) * 1995-06-16 1997-01-08 Yamaha Corporation Synthétiseur détectant la hauteur et le point de départ d'une note d'instrument à cordes pour la génération de notes
US5717155A (en) * 1995-06-16 1998-02-10 Yamaha Corporation Synthesizer detecting pitch and plucking point of stringed instrument to generate tones
US6372973B1 (en) 1999-05-18 2002-04-16 Schneidor Medical Technologies, Inc, Musical instruments that generate notes according to sounds and manually selected scales
US7563975B2 (en) 2005-09-14 2009-07-21 Mattel, Inc. Music production system

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
JPS6090396A (ja) 1985-05-21
EP0142935A3 (fr) 1988-03-16

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