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EP0137625B1 - Transport de structures offshore préfabriquées - Google Patents

Transport de structures offshore préfabriquées Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0137625B1
EP0137625B1 EP84305436A EP84305436A EP0137625B1 EP 0137625 B1 EP0137625 B1 EP 0137625B1 EP 84305436 A EP84305436 A EP 84305436A EP 84305436 A EP84305436 A EP 84305436A EP 0137625 B1 EP0137625 B1 EP 0137625B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
barge
vessel
deck
offshore structure
prefabricated
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84305436A
Other languages
German (de)
English (en)
Other versions
EP0137625A1 (fr
Inventor
Isaac R. Foster, Jr.
Donald Payne
Robert E. Howson
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
McDermott International Inc
Original Assignee
McDermott International Inc
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by McDermott International Inc filed Critical McDermott International Inc
Publication of EP0137625A1 publication Critical patent/EP0137625A1/fr
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0137625B1 publication Critical patent/EP0137625B1/fr
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B21/00—Tying-up; Shifting, towing, or pushing equipment; Anchoring
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B63—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; RELATED EQUIPMENT
    • B63B—SHIPS OR OTHER WATERBORNE VESSELS; EQUIPMENT FOR SHIPPING 
    • B63B35/00—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for
    • B63B35/003—Vessels or similar floating structures specially adapted for specific purposes and not otherwise provided for for transporting very large loads, e.g. offshore structure modules

Definitions

  • This invention relates to the transport of prefabricated offshore structures, for example drill jackets.
  • a drill jacket is an elongated offshore structure made up of a plurality of tubular members with cross bracing.
  • the structure is installed by lowering it to rest on the sea bottom.
  • the jacket is secured in this position and functions to support a deck unit and hydrocarbon production equipment above the water line.
  • the deck unit which usually comprises a flat deck area with a plurality of legs extending downwardly therefrom, provides support for oil drilling and recovery equipment. These components make up an offshore facility.
  • Offshore facility components may often be built more economically at fully integrated fabrication yards. However, due to existing favorable conditions at such fabrication yards and the quantity thereof being limited by the cost of building them, such fabrication yards may be located at extreme distances from the final offshore facility locations. The technical and safety risks of long tows, however, make it difficult for these remote yards to compete with fabrication yards located near the final offshore facility sites. Shallow draft barges for loading offshore structures in the typically shallow waters, because of the size and bulk of such structures, may be unstable in open sea thus requiring periods of calm weather for towing safety and, therefore, long delays may be experienced while waiting for these calm conditions. On long tows such as over an ocean, there is also no assurance, as previously noted, that good weather and calm seas will prevail throughout the transport. Rough seas may in addition cause severe fatigue or other damage to the offshore components during a tow by barge.
  • the fatigue stresses during such transport are increased with higher accelerations during the roll of the transport structure.
  • Barges typically have a low period of roll with resulting high accelerations during the roll as compared to a self-propelled sea-going vessel.
  • the total fatigue stresses on an offshore structure during a transport of specified length is related to the duration of transport.
  • the speed of a barge being towed is typically slow as compared to the speed of a self-propelled sea-going vessel resulting typically in more than twice as many fatigue cycles when an offshore structure is towed by barge.
  • French Patent Application Publication No.. FR-A-2 508 410 discloses a marine transport system corresponding to the pre-characterizing part of claim 2, comprising a sea-going self-propelled vessel having a well deck and a raised deck with means in the vessel for submerging the well deck to a selected depth without submerging the raised deck; and a floating object having a draft which is less than said selected depth and a length which is less than a length of the well deck, the floating object being disposed on the well deck.
  • a method of loading a prefabricated offshore structure for transport from a fabrication yard adjacent shallow water to a final site for installation comprising:
  • the invention also provides a marine transport system comprising:
  • the invention can be so embodied, as described hereinbelow, as a system and method that can provide one or more of the following advantageous features.
  • a system for transporting large bulky prefabricated offshore structures such as, for example, drill jacket 10 utilizing a sea-going self-propelled vessel such as the ship generally designated 12.
  • the ship 12 includes a power plant for propulsion as well as ballasting equipment for submerging a mid or well deck 14 to a level which is below the draft of a shallow draft barge 16.
  • Ship 12 includes raised forward and aft decks 18 and 20 respectively.
  • decks 18 and 20 are provided with a height to remain above the water line and are suitably sized, in accordance with principles of common knowledge to those of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains, to maintain stability and flotation of the vessel while mid deck 14 is submerged to a depth for barge 16 with jacket 10 to be floated over the top of the deck 14.
  • a fixed suitable connection means may be provided for securing the barge 16 to vessel 12 such as the at least four point tie-down system illustrated at 24.
  • a drill jacket is used as an example herein, this invention is meant to include procedures and apparatus for transporting various other prefabricated offshore structures such as decks or modules.
  • a fabrication yard 40 is illustrated adjacent shallow water 42 which is sufficiently deep for shallow draft barge 16, but has insufficient depth for positioning ship 12 for loading of a drill jacket 10 directly onto the ship.
  • the drill jacket 10 is discharged from the fabrication yard 40 onto barge 16 which in turn is towed into deep water (that is; water which is sufficiently deep for a sea-going self-propelled vessel such as ship 12 shown in Fig. 4) for loading onto ship 12 as will hereinafter be described.
  • drill jacket 10 is shown being skidded onto shallow draft barge 16 by means such as portable load-out rails or guides 28.
  • Jacket 10 is provided with a plurality of skids 30 which slide along rails 28 and, at the interface between bulkhead 32 and barge 16, onto rails or tracks 34 on the top surface of the barge 16.
  • Fig. 3 shows the loading of an offshore drilling platform deck unit 36 onto a barge 16.
  • rails 28 and tracks 34 are utilized on which skids slide to support the downwardly extending legs 38 of deck unit 36.
  • ballast tanks schematically indicated at 47 to submerge its mid deck 14.
  • Figs. 6, 7, and 8 show the relative positions of the barge 16 and ship 12 as the two structures are combined to form a single ocean going unit 44.
  • barge 16 is shown floating over the deck 14 which has been submerged to a selected depth sufficient for floating of the barge thereover.
  • the vessel 12 is then deballasted to raise the deck 14 above the water line and raise barge 16 with its drill jacket load 10.
  • the vessel 12 should preferably be sufficiently large and stable to support the barge and oversized load during typical rough seas and weather conditions, and such sizing can be determined utilizing principles of common knowledge to those of ordinary skill in the art to which this invention pertains.
  • the height of the offshore structure above the water level is less than the overall height of the barge. This is illustrative of the height of the offshore structure during a typical tow by barge.
  • the offshore structure loaded barge is loaded onto the ship as shown in Fig. 8
  • the height of the offshore structure above the water is increased so that its height is greater than the overall barge height so that the offshore structure may be disposed higher than and thus out of the way of the waves during rougher seas to thus minimize risk of damage to the offshore structure.
  • Figs. 9 and 10 show the orientation of barge 16 on the vessel 12.
  • tie-down connections between the barge 16 and vessel 12 are disconnected, vessel 12 is reballasted to float barge 16 which can then be easily towed away from vessel 12 and to the desired location for launching jacket 10.
  • Fig. 11 shows the barge 16 specially outfitted with a pivot support 54 for launching the jacket 10.
  • jacket 10 is slid rearwardly on barge 16 so that its center of gravity moves onto support 54.
  • a deck unit 36 can be off-loaded from barge 16 using a crane 56 mounted on a derrick or construction barge 58 which is anchored at the offshore site: see Figs. 12 and 13. With jacket 10 already in place, crane 56 is utilized to lift deck 36 from barge 16 and lower it onto the top of jacket 10.
  • the maximum height of the vessel and barge system is equal to the height illustrated at 15 of the top surface 22 of the barge 16 when the barge is disposed on the well deck 14.
  • all deck houses and other structures on forward and aft decks 18 and 20 have a height no higher than the supporting surfaces 22 on top of barge 16 which support lower segments of jacket 10.
  • the elongated jacket 10 can extend beyond the length of barge 16 and over the forward and aft decks 18 and 20 and may extend beyond the forward and aft ends of the vessel.
  • deck supports 26 may also be provided on forward and aft decks 18 and 20 respectively for supporting the overhanging portions of jacket 10 to further reduce stresses experienced by the jacket during rough sea conditions.
  • a vessel and barge system embodying the present invention may comprise, for example, a sea going vessel 12 of about 320 m (1050 feet) in length with a mid-deck 14 of about 213 m (700 feet) in length.
  • Mid deck 14 may be approximately 53 to 69 m (175 to 225 feet) wide.
  • Such a size may be provided by a converted tanker having a dry weight tonnage of 230,000.
  • a 198 m (650 foot) barge 16 having a width of 52 m (170 feet) may be provided to carry a jacket 10 of 40,640 tonnes (40,000 tons).
  • Such a combined structure may deliver the jacket at a cruising speed of about 7.2 m/s (14 knots) or more.
  • the shallow draft barge 16 may operate in as little as 7.6 m (25 feet) of water for loading of a drill jacket at a fabrication yard near shallow water.
  • an offshore structure may be prefabricated at a fabrication yard near shallow water and then provided with quick, safe, and reliable transportation over an ocean.

Landscapes

  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
  • Combustion & Propulsion (AREA)
  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Ocean & Marine Engineering (AREA)
  • Transportation (AREA)
  • Earth Drilling (AREA)
  • Ship Loading And Unloading (AREA)
  • Reinforced Plastic Materials (AREA)
  • Revetment (AREA)
  • Curing Cements, Concrete, And Artificial Stone (AREA)

Claims (7)

1. Procédé de chargement de structure offshore préfabriquée à transporter à partir d'un chantier de fabrication voisin d'un haut fond jusqu'à un lieu final d'installation, le procédé comprenant:
l'amenée par flottage d'une barge (16) jusqu'en un emplacement voisin du chantier de fabrication (40);
le transfert de la structure offshore (10, 36) du chantier de fabrication (40) sur la barge (16); et
l'amenée par flottage de la barge (16) en une zone d'eau profonde;

et le procédé étant caractérisé en ce que:
on amène un bateau de transport autopropulsé (12) dans la zone d'eau profonde auprès de la barge, le bateau présentant un entrepont (14) et au moins un pont (18, 20) surélevé au-dessus de l'entrepont;
on maintient le pont surélevé (18, 20) au-dessus du niveau de l'eau en lestant le bateau (12) pour immerger l'entrepont (14) jusqu'à une profondeur au moins égale au tirant d'eau de la barge (16) portant la structure offshore (10, 36) disposée sur elle;
on amène par flottage la barge (16) au-dessus de l'entrepont immergé (14);
on déleste le bateau (12) pour amener l'entrepont (14) au-dessus du niveau de l'eau afin qu'il supporte la barge (16) et la structure offshore (16, 36); et
on fixe la barge (16) au bateau (12) et la structure offshore (10, 36) sur la barge de façon à pouvoir transporter la structure offshore au long cours jusqu'au lieu final d'installation;
le bateau (12) et la barge (16) étant dimensionnés en sorte que la hauteur maximale du système bateau-barge soit égale à la hauteur atteinte par la surface supérieure de la barge quand la barge est disposée sur l'entrepont (14) de façon que la structure offshore préfabriquée (10, 36) puisse s'étendre sur toute la longueur du bateau.
2. Système de transport marin comprenant:
un bateau de haute mer autopropulsé (12) présentant un pont à coffre (14) et un pont surélevé (18, 20) avec présence sur le bateau de moyens (12, 64) permettant d'immerger le pont à coffre (14) jusqu'à une profondeur choisie sans immerger le pont surélevé (18, 20);
un objet flottant (16) ayant un tirant d'eau inférieur à ladite profondeur choisie et une longueur inférieure à la longueur du pont à coffre (14) l'objet flottant étant disposé sur le pont à coffre; et

le système étant caractérisé en ce que:
l'objet flottant (16) est une barge présentant une surface supérieure (22) destinée à supporter une structure offshore préfabriquée (10, 36);
un moyen (34) est prévu sur la barge (16) pour amener à coulissement sur celle-ci une structure offshore préfabriquée (10, 36);
un moyen est prévu pour fixer la barge (16) au bateau (12) et pour fixer une structure offshore préfabriquée sur la barge en vue du transport au long cours de la structure offshore; et
la hauteur maximale du système bateau-barge est égale à la hauteur (15) atteinte par la surface supérieure (22) de la barge quand celle-ci est disposée sur le pont à coffre (14) de sorte qu'une structure offshore préfabriquée (10, 36) chargée peut s'étendre sur toute la longueur du bateau (12).
3. Système selon la revendication 2, comprenant en combinaison une structure offshore préfabriquée (10) de longueur supérieure à la longueur du bateau (12).
4. Système selon la revendication 3, dans lequel la largeur de la structure offshore préfabriquée (10) est supérieure à la largeur du bateau (12).
5. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 4, comprenant deux susdits ponts surélevés (18, 20), à savoir un pont surélevé avant (18) et un pont surélevé arrière (20), le pont à coffre (14) étant disposé entre les ponts surélevés avant et arrière (18, 20).
6. Système selon la revendication 5, comprenant des supports (26) prévus sur les ponts avant et arrière (18, 20) pour supporter des parties d'une structure offshore préfabriquée (10) espacée de la barge (16) quand la barge et la structure offshore sont montées sur le pont à coffre (14).
7. Système selon l'une quelconque des revendications 2 à 6, comprenant des moyens de lancement prévus sur la barge (16) pour lancer une structure offshore préfabriquée (10), les moyens de lancement comprennent un support pivotant (54) articulé sur la barge à l'une de ses extrémités pour supporter au moins une partie de la structure offshore (10) et pivotant pour lancer la structure offshore (10) depuis la barge (16) quand la barge est détachée du bateau (12).
EP84305436A 1983-08-10 1984-08-09 Transport de structures offshore préfabriquées Expired EP0137625B1 (fr)

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
US52207083A 1983-08-10 1983-08-10
US522070 1983-08-10

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0137625A1 EP0137625A1 (fr) 1985-04-17
EP0137625B1 true EP0137625B1 (fr) 1987-09-30

Family

ID=24079341

Family Applications (1)

Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84305436A Expired EP0137625B1 (fr) 1983-08-10 1984-08-09 Transport de structures offshore préfabriquées

Country Status (7)

Country Link
EP (1) EP0137625B1 (fr)
JP (1) JPS6175090A (fr)
KR (1) KR850001878A (fr)
BR (1) BR8404004A (fr)
DE (1) DE3466507D1 (fr)
ES (2) ES8601784A1 (fr)
IN (1) IN160785B (fr)

Families Citing this family (4)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
WO2003086852A1 (fr) * 2002-04-10 2003-10-23 Itrec B.V. Navire submersible
CN102242544A (zh) * 2010-05-14 2011-11-16 中国海洋石油总公司 大型导管架滑移下水移动顶推装置
CN109372275B (zh) * 2018-12-17 2023-11-03 北京城建集团有限责任公司 一种高空轻型附着格构式吊臂装置及其施工方法
CN115123463B (zh) * 2022-07-05 2023-11-14 上海外高桥造船有限公司 一种大型船舶上层建筑的临时海绑结构及其海绑方法

Family Cites Families (7)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
FR1400750A (fr) * 1964-06-09 1965-05-28 Mitsui Shipbuilding Eng Procédé pour le chargement et le déchargement d'un cargo de transport de récipients conteneurs ou analogues et cargo pour l'application du procédé précédent ou similaire
US3508514A (en) * 1966-04-04 1970-04-28 Vienna Arthur W Cargo ships
US3399792A (en) * 1967-04-10 1968-09-03 George W. Chester Loading barges onto ships using drydocks
JPS52124684A (en) * 1976-04-13 1977-10-19 Nippon Kokan Kk <Nkk> Assembling type cargo ship
US4086777A (en) * 1976-12-13 1978-05-02 Standard Oil Company (Indiana) Apparatus for launching battered leg jackets for offshore platforms
JPS56122411A (en) * 1980-03-04 1981-09-25 Nippon Steel Corp Side launching method of structure
NL8103108A (nl) * 1981-06-26 1983-01-17 Wijsmuller Bv Transportschip.

Non-Patent Citations (1)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Title
Shipbuilding + Marine Engineering International page 141, April 1984 *

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
BR8404004A (pt) 1985-07-16
ES535016A0 (es) 1985-11-16
ES545028A0 (es) 1986-06-01
ES8607853A1 (es) 1986-06-01
DE3466507D1 (en) 1987-11-05
IN160785B (fr) 1987-08-01
ES8601784A1 (es) 1985-11-16
JPS6175090A (ja) 1986-04-17
KR850001878A (ko) 1985-04-10
EP0137625A1 (fr) 1985-04-17

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