EP0133177A2 - Prefabricated arched skylights with a transverse profile structure for fixing the same, and glazing with double peripheral sealings - Google Patents

Abstract

System for constructing continuous vaults comprising a structure and glazing, the prefabricated structure taking up all the stresses in the skylight in the fastenings which pass through simultaneously the stringer, the edge profile, the load-bearing arch and the retention clamp of the tensioning thread-cutting screws fixed in the ends of the cover plate, the latter also being fixed, moreover, by thread-cutting screws in the load-bearing arch, and the arched glazing being framed by inner and outer peripheral sealings, the system also being applied to the lateral tympani of the vault and to the arched parts which open for ventilation or the discharge of fumes. <IMAGE>

Description

The invention relates to an improvement relating to continuous curved skylights in the form of a shooting vault with glazing with single or multiple walls which may include opening parts for the ventilation and evacuation of smoke and heat in the event of fire, as well as methods and corresponding devices.

The evolution of construction in the last ten years tends towards the increasing use of skylights in the shape of a vault from the prefabricated elements in the workshop.

Prefabricated glazing elements made up of sheets of glass or of different translucent synthetic materials are already known, and the joining of these elements by numerous systems carried out by means of special extruded aluminum profiles with the possible addition of seals .

In the current state of the art, the best developed systems have become very effective for certain particular functions, but are not correctly effective for all the functions demanded of skylights by the development of modern construction techniques.

This is how they are generally faulty in their adaptation to the readings surrounding the openings, in the differences in expansion between acrylic glazing and aluminum structures, which are in direct contact, and in thermal bridges.

There are systems for fixing glazing sheets by means of tightening joint covers with screws or tensioning bolts fixed on the edges, but these systems have not resolved correctly or economically the transfer to the load-bearing structure of the building efforts and stresses thus requested from the edge profiles. Or, they did not correctly solve the sealing problems of the double glazing which is more and more required. Or, they do not exert sufficient pressure on the glazing.

It can also be seen that these systems are linked to fixed and / or very limited angles of the hanger relative to the plate, so that they are only valid for relatively short bending radii. Indeed, for increasingly large bending radii, the support arch and the joint cover tend towards the parallel. Even if you serve very hard on an almost horizontal assembly formed by a support arch and a joint cover, you can almost always lift the joint cover in the middle. The clamping action of the glazing element by the joint cover is then no longer effectively ensured by the tensioners because of the expansion play.

This is why these systems require a minimum support angle of the order of 30 ° and therefore cannot adapt to support angles of 0 ° to 20 °.

We also note that these systems are linked to arcs of a maximum of a few meters of development, because the pressure exerted by the tensioners becomes more and more insufficient, with an increasingly greater length of the joint cover, the tightness is no longer ensured by the tensioners, and air depressions can cause the glazing to become dislocated, due to the incidence of expansion and the too limited pressure exerted by the joint cover on the glazing elements , pressure which is only the result of the component of the limited tensile force of the turnbuckles and of the bearing angle of the bearing arches on the banks.

Some tensioning systems have tried to solve these problems by nesting several superimposed profiles, thus creating thermal bridges that are all the more important as these profiles are heavier, such so that other problems arise in the central part of the arch, regardless of the excessive cost due to the too heavy weight of these profiles. Because the postponement on the construction of the stresses requested on the edge profiles has been resolved in this way by means of aluminum profiled plates of large cross-section in width and thickness, but which are much too expensive.

Other systems have therefore saved on the width of the plate, but then new problems arise during assembly. Because the elevations around the openings of the building are generally more than 45 to 50 millimeters thick, which is the maximum practically usable by these sand pits.

Especially since it is necessary to take into account the waterproofing statements, whose covers and angles are generally thick. It is also necessary to take into account the usual tolerances in civil engineering, tolerances which must admit deviations of several centimeters in the alignment of the supports of shooting vaults of very long lengths. In such a way that narrow sandbox systems are not suitable in most cases and are limited to narrow and perfectly straight bends over their entire length, since they cause major fixing problems to make up for the differences in thickness of the walls and uneven installation surfaces in overlaps and angles. In fact, the fixing screws cannot be placed anywhere on the support and the anchoring points are therefore positioned according to the narrowness of the plate provided by these systems, which consequently require numerous fastenings , because too poorly performing.

In conclusion, the valid systems of known tensioning joint covers need a heavy construction due to the transfer to the building of the stresses of the glazing elements and of the tensile forces of the tensioners.

A 60 mm self-tapping screw is considered to develop a tensile force of several hundred kilograms. This force must be transmitted in the attachment systems and the sand pits to be transferred to the supports of the building.

The systems that have lightened these constructions have fixing problems on the building, caused by the too small size of their sand pits.

Still other systems fix the joint covers by screwing in the roll bar at the rate of three to five screws per running meter. The practical aspect of this solution is that, for large width vaults, one is obliged on site to use scaffolding to fix these screws in the part of the vault which is inaccessible from the sides. In addition, it often happens that the knuckle bar is pierced and pierced when the joint covers are attached. It obviously depends on the skill of the man working on a scaffold, but experience shows that even knowledgeable specialists make these mistakes.

On the whole, therefore, the known techniques are faulty or too costly and require a significant specialized installation workforce, the activity of which is also hampered by bad weather.

The purpose of this improvement is to obviate the numerous drawbacks discovered by experience in known systems, by the creation of a product entirely new in its principles, with suitable methods and devices.

The new principles are characterized by a standard pre-production as standard and the combination on the one hand, of a complete external and internal perimeter tightness of each glazing element, as well as the watertightness of the volume of insulating air between the double or multiple walls of the glazing and, on the other hand, of a device in which all the forces and tensions work in close parallel vertical planes, including the fixing of the structure on the support of the building, so as to make it impossible to distort one of the constituent elements of the vault, entirely designed with lightness in mind, the tension of the joint covers being effected by self-tapping tension screws retained by crampons housed at the ends of the supporting arches and fixed directly on the sand pits by the same fixings as the load-bearing arches and the edge profiles, all these forces and tensions being thus reported on the statement surrounding the opening of the building.

According to the invention, glazing made of synthetic products and mainly methylmethacrylate is used essentially, as well as structures in extruded aluminum profiles or new synthetic materials, combined with galvanized bent steel sand plates resting on the supports of the building. , complying with all the requirements of the latter.

The originality of the system is therefore that the steel bins made to measure are made of a more economical material than the extruded aluminum profile to adapt as best as possible to the needs of the site.

• 1° la préfabrication en atelier des sablières, des profilés de rive, des arceaux porteurs équipés de joints d'étanchéité souples, et des couvre-joints étanches, avec prémontage partiel;
• 2° le montage en atelier d'éléments de vitrage cintrés à parois simples ou multiples dont les bords droits sont protégés par des profilés également équipés de joints d'étanchéité souples;
• 3° tous ces éléments sont prévus pour s'empiler et se transporter très facilement sur camion jusqu'à l'endroit de mise en oeuvre;
• 4° Le montage sur chantier commence par l'assemblage de la structure sur les sablières, suivie de la pose de ces sablières assemblées avec leur structure sur l'assise prévue autour de la toiture, ensuite de la fixation de ces sablières dans les relevés, et enfin de la pose des éléments de vitrage sur les joints d'étanchéité des arceaux porteurs, avec emboîtement des profilés de rive des vitrages dans les profilés de rive des structures;
• 5° la fixation de ces éléments de vitrage par des couvre-joints cintrés étanches au moyen de vis de tension autotaraudeuses retenues par des crampons dans les extrémités des arceaux porteurs.

The methods according to the invention will be explained in more detail on the following pages and are characterized in brief by:

• 1 ° the prefabrication in the workshop of the sand pits, the edge profiles, the supporting roll bars equipped with flexible sealing gaskets, and waterproof joint covers, with partial pre-assembly;
• 2 ° assembly in the workshop of curved glazing elements with single or multiple walls, the straight edges of which are protected by profiles also fitted with flexible seals;
• (3) all of these elements are designed to stack and transport very easily on a truck to the place of implementation;
• 4 ° The assembly on site begins with the assembly of the structure on the sand pits, followed by the installation of these assembled pits with their structure on the seat provided around the roof, then the fixing of these pits in the statements, and finally of the installation of the glazing elements on the seals of the supporting arches, with interlocking of the edge profiles of the glazing in the edge profiles of the structures;
• 5 ° the fixing of these glazing elements by watertight curved joint covers by means of self-tapping tension screws retained by crampons in the ends of the supporting arches.

• 1° des crampons sont enchâssés aux extrémités des arceaux porteurs dans les logements prévus à cet effet, pour retenir des vis de tension;
• 2° des boulons de fixation transpercent en même temps les arceaux porteurs équipés de joints d'étanchéité, les crampons de retenue, les profilés de rive équipés de joints d'étanchéité et la sablière, pour reporter directement sur celle-ci et l'appui du bâtiment tous les efforts et tensions des lanterneaux;
• 3° des profilés de rive équipés de joints d'étanchéité enchâssent des éléments de vitrage et s'emboîtent dans les profilés de rive de la structure pour reporter sur ceux-ci toutes les sollicitations du vitrage, celui-ci n'ayant de contact avec la structure que par joints interposés;
• 4° des joints souples profilés forment le contact et une quadruple barrière d'étanchéité entre les couvre-joints et les vitrages, ainsi qu'entre les arceaux porteurs et les vitrages;
• 5° des couvre-joints équipée de joints d'étanchéité sont profilés pour former un canal central destiné à cacher au moyen d'un plat enchâssé, les vis de fixation des couvre-joints sur les arceaux porteurs, et à évacuer les eaux d'infiltration par des rigoles latérales;
• 6° un étranglement du canal prévu pour visser les fixations du couvre-joint dans l'arceau porteur est constitué par une surépaisseur des parois de ce canal, dans le but d'éviter la déformation du couvre-joint et le percement de l'étanchéité de l'arceau porteur;
• 7° des vis autotaraudeuses sont retenues par des crampons et sont fixées dans des logements prévus à cet effet dans les extrémités des couvre-joints pour tendre ceux-ci sur les vitrages et les arceaux porteurs.

The devices according to the invention will be explained in more detail on the following pages and are characterized in brief in that:

• 1 ° crampons are embedded at the ends of the supporting arches in the housings provided for this purpose, to retain tension screws;
• 2 ° fixing bolts pierce at the same time the supporting arches equipped with seals, the retaining studs, the edge profiles equipped with seals and the sand plate, to transfer directly onto it and the support from the building all the efforts and tensions of the skylights;
• 3 ° edge profiles fitted with seals embedding glazing elements and fitting into the edge profiles of the structure to transfer onto them all stresses on the glazing, the latter having no contact with the structure only by interposed joints;
• 4 ° flexible profiled joints form the contact and a quadruple sealing barrier between the joint covers and the glazing, as well as between the supporting arches and the glazing;
• 5 ° joint covers equipped with seals are profiled to form a central channel intended to hide by means of a recessed dish, the screws for fixing the joint covers on the supporting arches, and to evacuate infiltration by lateral channels;
• 6 ° a constriction of the channel provided for screwing the fasteners of the joint cover into the support arch is constituted by an excess thickness of the walls of this channel, in order to avoid deformation of the joint cover and the piercing of the seal the roll bar;
• 7 ° self-tapping screws are retained by crampons and are fixed in housings provided for this purpose in the ends of the joint covers to tension them on the glazing and the roll bars.

• 1° Le principal consiste en une simplification extrême de la construction de lanterneaux cintrés continus en forme de voûte filante, combinée avec la suppression de tous les inconvénients de tous les systèmes connus, en même temps que la réalisation de tous les avantages combinés de tous les systèmes connus, et enrichie de performances nouvelles et multiples, le tout formant un système nouveau très complet, cependant simplifié à l'extrême, et devenant ainsi extraordinairement intéressant au point de vue économique, grâce à une conception entièrement nouvelle du produit, et à de nouveaux procédés et dispositifs adéquats.
• 2° Il suffit uniquement de cinq profilés spéciaux en aluminium léger ou en plastique, pour réaliser complètement la structure d'un lanterneau à double paroi cintré en voûte filante suivant l'invention, soit :
  • 1) un arceau porteur, combiné avec
  • 2) un crampon de retenue, pour
  • 3) un couvre-joint tendeur, et
  • 4) un profilé de rive de structure, combiné avec
  • 5) un profilé de rive pour vitrages, de section appropriée.

The essential advantages obtained thanks to the improvement according to the invention are very numerous. Here are the most important:

• 1 ° The main one consists in an extreme simplification of the construction of continuous arched skylights in the shape of a shooting vault, combined with the elimination of all the disadvantages of all known systems, at the same time as the realization of all the combined advantages of all known systems, and enriched with new and multiple performances, the whole forming a very complete new system, however simplified to the extreme, and thus becoming extraordinarily interesting from the economic point of view, thanks to an entirely new conception of the product, and to new suitable processes and devices.
• 2 ° Only five special light aluminum or plastic profiles are enough to make completely the structure of a double-walled arched skylight in a vault according to the invention, namely:
  • 1) a supporting arch, combined with
  • 2) a retaining clamp, for
  • 3) a tensioning joint cover, and
  • 4) a structural edge profile, combined with
  • 5) an edge profile for glazing, of appropriate section.

In addition to these special profiles, there are a few common commercial profiles and a large galvanized steel plate bent to measure.

3 ° A single special seal is sufficient, preferably profiled in nloprême, to seal the curved edges of the glazing, to which are added seals and common commercial products to complete the lateral seal and to remove the thermal bridges of the structure and the electrolytic torque formed by the sandpit.

4 ° The edges of glazing elements with single or multiple walls are covered with protective fixing profiles. The curved edges of these glazing elements are completely covered with flexible and profiled seals. The multiple walls are completely sealed between them. The glazing elements are fixed by fitting edge profiles directly into the structure of the arched vault, without the need for additional fixing.

5 ° Any contact of the glazing with the supporting structure is eliminated by the use of flexible profiled seals. In the arched parts of the vault, these include four barriers to the infiltration of rainwater or melting snow, and also have the effect of avoiding unpleasant cracking noises caused by the different expansions of the profiles of the supporting structure and elements of the glazing.

6 'The supporting poles are fixed by bolts directly on the sand pits, By the same drilling and bolting operations, the edge profiles and also the clamps for retaining the tension screws were also fixed at the same time joint covers.

7 'The support angles of the arches on the sand plates are variable without constraint from 0 ° to 90 °, thus allowing any angle of bending, at the same time as parts of vertical and other horizontal arches.

8 ° The sand pits are wider, and yet more economical, made of folded galvanized steel. They are exactly adapted to the width of the supports surrounding the opening, including the exterior seals and the interior decoration, thus allowing with ease the fastenings as solid as possible of these sand pits almost in the axis of the supporting arches, in the center of the walls. support, whatever the thickness of these, adapting perfectly to all requirements, without requiring additional parts.

9 ° Unlike all known systems, the fasteners in the roof support directly take up all the forces at the most solid places of the constituent materials, that is to say the angle or the outer edge of the sand pit and the edge profile.

The technical difficulty of performing a direct drilling in the fold of a galvanized steel sand pit is made possible and achievable by the prior assembly of the crampon embedded in the support arch and placed in the edge profile, these superimposed elements constituting a thickness of aluminum of more than one centimeter which serves as a guide for the drill bit, which allows all aluminum and steel to be drilled in a single operation.

A complete assembly is thus carried out in a single operation for fixing all the constituent elements of the structure to the essential places of stability and resistance.

10 ° The glazing elements are fixed to the load-bearing arches by means of tension screws for the joint covers, completed by clamping screws housed in the central channel of the joint covers and located towards the middle part of the support bars. Drainage channels are also provided in the joint covers around the perforation points of these clamping screws.

11 ° An automatic throttling device, made up of two rounded lugs located some five millimeters from the bottom of the fixing groove of the supporting arches, prevents the screws fixing the central fixing of the joint covers from being too deep so as to avoid slight deformation of these joint covers when tightening.

12 ° Scaffolding is necessary in known systems for fixing joint covers in the middle part of large bearing arches. They are eliminated by the devices according to the invention, which provides fixing screws only in the parts of the joint covers accessible laterally.

13 ° Recessed covers conceal and protect the clamping screws of the joint covers on the supporting arches, allowing the use of standard screws to fix colored joint covers.

14 ° The tensioning forces of the joint covers are directly transferred in vertical, parallel and close planes on the supporting poles and directly also on the sand plates directly reporting these forces on construction supports.

15 ° Cleats, protected by aesthetic covers, directly transmit the tension forces of the edge profile and joint covers in the load-bearing arches and simultaneously also in the sand pits.

16 ° Structural edge profiles are applied directly to the sand pits all around the opening, with a practically zero thermal bridge. These edge profiles allow automatic and perfect alignment by means of the interlocking of two pins at each junction, these pins also playing the role of hinge pins for the opening parts whose forces and stresses are directly taken up at the strong points of the structure at the same time as directly transferred to the support of the building. In their lower part, these edge profiles also constitute a channel for the free flow of infiltration and condensation water along these profiles.

• La figure 1 est une vue schématique d'une extrémité d'un profil arceau porteur 1 dans lequel deux crampons 2 ont été enchâssés dans des logements 3 prévus autour de la partie centrale du profilé 1, dans laquelle un cylindre inférieur 4 est prévu pour visser une vis de tension 10 et une cavité supérieure 5 étranglée en 6 est également prévue pour y fixer des vis de serrage 13, tandis que les mortaises 7 sont prévues pour fixer les tenons des joints d'étanchéité (fig.7) et les trous oblongs 8 sont prévus dans les crampons 2 pour retenir les vis de fixation sous tension des couvre-joints profilés.
• La figure 2 représente schématiquement l'étape suivante de la construction par une coupe AA' sur la figure 1 d'un arceau porteur 1 précintré et de crampons 2 à l'endroit de leur fixation dans le profilé de rive inférieur 9 au moyen de vis 10 taraudées dans l'ouverture 4 de l'arceau porteur 1.

In order to better understand the invention, it is now described by way of example with reference to a drawing in which:

• Figure 1 is a schematic view of one end of a support arch profile 1 in which two studs 2 have been embedded in housings 3 provided around the central part of the profile 1, in which a lower cylinder 4 is provided for screwing a tension screw 10 and an upper cavity 5 throttled at 6 is also provided for fixing clamping screws 13, while the mortises 7 are provided for fixing the tenons of the seals (fig. 7) and the oblong holes 8 are provided in the studs 2 for retaining the fixing screws under tension of the profiled joint covers.
• FIG. 2 schematically represents the next stage of construction by a section AA ′ in FIG. 1 of a pre-bent carrying bar 1 and of studs 2 at the place of their fixing in the lower edge profile 9 by means of screws 10 threaded in the opening 4 of the support arch 1.

The assembly thus formed is placed on the outer ply 11 of a wide sand pit 12 and the assembly, consisting of the support arch 1, the clamp 2, the edge 9 and the sand pit 12 is pierced at 13 in a single operation to place the bolt 14 with a nut 15 allowing the transport of this assembly without the sand plate 12 pre-punched in the workshop at 13.

On site, this assembly is first preassembled on the sand pit 12 with the nut 16, and the complete structure is fixed at 17 on the elevation 18 surrounding the opening of the building.

Furthermore, it will be noted in this embodiment of FIG. 2 that the lug 19 in combination with the cylindrical element 20 constitutes a kind of inverted U coming to bear on the outer fold 11 of the plate 12 to form a very precise angle 21 and a housing for a seal and insulation 35. This angle 21, as it appears in the drawing of FIG. 2, can be calculated exactly as a function of the bending radius and be the subject of a template that will allow you to easily repeat with precision the drilling and mounting operations for the following poles.

In order to obtain perfect alignment of the successive lengths of the edge profiles of structure 9, anchors will be used which will be housed in the cylindrical parts 20 and 22 of the edge profile 9.

Figure 3 shows schematically the next stage of construction by a section between two arches of the outer part of the skylight.

According to the drawing, a double glazing is composed of an outer sheet 23 and an inner sheet 24 thinner joined with the interposition of sealed spacers 25 leaving a volume of insulating air 26 between the two sheets 23 and 24 of the glazing.

An upper edge profile 27 then encloses the rectilinear edges of the glazing, with the interposition of profiled gaskets of round section 28 and 29, and shims 30 to form prefabricated glazing units in the workshop and called "cassettes" in our professional jargon. You can easily transport these "cassettes" on their hanger and mount them on the roof. Then, to place them on the structure constructed according to FIG. 2, the lug 31 of the upper edge profile 27 will be deposited on the upper edge 32 of the lower edge profile 9, so that the lug 33 of the profile upper edge 27 comes to be embedded in the groove and lock with the lug 34 of the lower edge profile 9. It will be noted in this figure that the fold 11 of the plate 12 can form with the lower edge profile 9 , a whole range of angles extending practically from 0 ° to 90 °, with the interposition of a seal 35 between the pins 19 and 20 forming a U-shaped housing (62), thus constituting a kind of ball joint.

Figure 4 is a section of a support arch at the location of a central fixing screw. It schematically explains the following operation of the construction of the arched vault. Note the sheets 36 and 37 of the "cassettes" which are placed on the seals 38 and 39 of the support arch 1.

The skylight will be made completely watertight by fixing the joint cover 40 with its seals 41 and 42. Tension screws (49) retained in the oblong holes 8 of the studs 2 will be screwed into the cylindrical parts 43 and 44 of the joint cover 40, so that it will find under tension, crushing the wings of the seals 38, 39, 41 and 42. The fixing of the joint covers of more than two meters will be advantageously reinforced by one or more additional tightening screws 45 tapping in the cavity 5 of the 'carrying bar 1. Note the new device produced by the constriction formed by the rounded lugs 6 of the inner walls of the channel 5.

The extra thicknesses 6 thus formed in the groove 5 for fixing the clamping screws 45 have the effect of slowing down the penetration of these screws and of controlling the stopping of the screwing to avoid over-tightening the joint cover 40 and causing deformations. of this profile at the locations of the fixings. Without the constriction 6, too long screws would perforate the bottom of the groove 5 and destroy the seal without obtaining the tightening.

As the screwing depth is always equal, the length of the screws required can be determined exactly. The throttle 6 is therefore intended to signal automatically to the installer that the bolt 45 has reached the necessary and sufficient depth by the new resistance 6 brought into the tightening operation. This constriction 6 thus preserves the sealing of the support arch in this location.

Finally, a finishing plate 46 will be set over the bolts 45 to close off the central channel 47.

FIG. 5 schematically represents a section of the skylight in BB 'according to FIG. 1, at the place of fixing 13 of the bolt 14 on the edge of the plate 12.

It will be noted that the bolt 14 directly clamps the stud 2 and the support arch 1 on the lower edge profile 9 by means of a first nut 15. This assembly is tightened on the edge 48 of the sand pit 12 by means of the nut 16 thus transmitting directly to the plate 12 all the efforts and all the stresses of the skylight taken up by the screw 49 energizing the joint cover 40 covering the “cassette”, the design of the edge profile 27 of which is a variant of FIG. 3. Note the part 50 in the form of L or Z with a width slightly greater than that of the carrying arch 1 It constitutes the finishing piece between the upper edge profiles 27 of the adjacent "cassettes" and is interposed between the bolt 49 and the studs 2.

Figure 6 is a perspective view of the cover profile 40. Note the central channel 47 whose bottom is convex, as well as the cylindrical openings 51 and 52 for fixing the tensioning screws 49, as well as the mortises 53 and 54 for fixing the post 55.

Figure 7 and a perspective view of the seal 56. Note its rounded central part (56), the side wings 58 and 59, and the large wing 60. They together constitute four sealing barriers on the surface of the glazing. Note also the large covering wing 61 of the joint cover (40) as well as the lateral flow channels 62 and 63 and the complementary grooves 64 and 65 which must allow the joint 56 to correctly follow the movements of expansion and contraction glazing.

The large wing 60 protects the other parts 57, 58 and 59 of the seal 56 from the action of ultraviolet rays.

It also corresponds to the surface covered in existing devices by the deposit of accumulated dust in cases where the glazing is approximately horizontal and the joint cover constitutes a barrier to the flow of rainwater.

The large wing 60 therefore covers this surface and allows the easy evacuation of dust, which it avoids accumulation (see Figure 4). It also provides a contact surface of six millimeters which is necessary to obtain a true hydraulic seal.

The rounded central part 57 can withstand high pressures.

The two lateral wings 58 and 59 ensure the balance and the stability of the profile 56.

The large wing 61 serves to cover the part of the joint cover 40 which may be possibly damaged by the bending operations.

FIG. 8 is a perspective view of the lower edge profile of structure 9.

Note the lug 34 for retaining the upper edge profile of the "cassettes and the cylindrical parts 20 and 22 intended to receive the alignment pins.

The cylindrical part 22 can also serve as a housing for the hinge pins for the opening parts of the skylights.

On the other hand, the stud 19 forms with the cylindrical part 20, a housing 62 in inverted U for a self-adhesive seal (35 in FIG. 3) fixed in the bottom of this housing 62 and placed between the nuts ( 15).

The first three figures in the drawing make it possible to understand the preparation operations in the workshop.

For the manufacture of structures, first of all, sand plates 12 are positioned on trestles, by means of templates corresponding exactly to the width of the opening in the roof.

On the other hand, the supporting arches 1 were bent which are filled with joints 56 in the mortises 7.

Each hoop 1 is then fitted with four crampons 2 which will be embedded in the ends of the hoops, these crampons 2 being pre-drilled in 8 with oblong holes for the tensioning screws 49.

Edge profiles 9 previously fitted with seals 35 in the U-shaped housing 62 are temporarily positioned, with the help of gauges, on the outer edges of the sand pits.

Then, still with the help of gauges and measurement standards, the arches 1 prepared as above are fixed in the edge profiles 9 with self-tapping screws 10. Finally, the assembly operation will be able to be carried out by a single perforation 3 according to FIG. 2.

Bolts 14 are thus fixed in each clamp 2 and the first structure corresponding to a length of edge profile 9, for example 6 m., Will be assembled on the sand pits 12 by means of bolts 14 and nuts 16, with interposition of the attached 35.

The following lengths of edge profiles 9 are also pierced by the same operation with the studs 2, the hoops 1 and the plates 12, but the following sets 9 + 2 + 1 are bolted without plate 12, with nuts 15 thus allowing the overlapping of the lengths of preassembled structures, corresponding to the lengths of edge profiles 9, in the ends of the arches 1, the studs 2 allowing very easy stacking both for storage and handling as for transport.

It goes without saying that for large and long-distance transport, it is advantageous to pre-drill all the elements of the structure, sand pits included in one operation, as explained above, but without assembling anything by screws 10, nor the bolts 14. In this case, the sand pits, the banks, the supporting poles and the joint covers are tied in bundles for transport and handling up to the place of laying on the opening.

Furthermore, for the manufacture of "cassettes", the first structural elements already fixed on the sand plates 12 will serve as mounting templates on which a first sheet 29 will be positioned and cold bent. 25c pre-bent spacer profiles fitted with self-adhesive seals will be installed along the curved edges of this sheet, as will spacers 25d rights will be laid along the right edges of the banks.

The upper glazing sheet 23 will then be positioned and cold bent on the spacers 25 and finally edge profiles 27, pre-equipped with their round joints 28 and 29 will be fixed along the straight edges of the bent glazing element, made of neoprene 30 placed inside these edge profiles 9 allowing their correct positioning relative to the edge of the glazing sheets, as can easily be seen in FIG. 3.

It goes without saying that the U of the profile 27 as it appears in FIG. 3 can take various shapes and sections suitable for the different possible glazing compositions with single or multiple walls. We will also note the different shape of the U of the profile 27 in FIG. 5.

For transport and storage, the curved glazing elements will be placed on their curved edge (25c).

Finally, the joint covers 40 are prepared and filled with their seals 41 and 42.

All these elements will then be brought to work on the roof along the opening to be covered.

The construction of the arched vault begins with the complete assembly of the elements of the structure, by length of edge profiles 9, on the sand pits.

Then, these pre-assembled structures with their sand plates are positioned correctly on their seats all around the opening of the building, alignment pins being placed between the successive lengths of the profiles 9 in the cylindrical parts 20 and 22.

The sand plates are then fixed on the supporting walls.

The glazing elements will then be placed on the arches 1 according to Figures 3 and 4 of the drawing. The joint covers 40 will then be stretched by means of the screws, according to FIG. 5, with the interposition of the pieces 50, in L or in Z, for the decorative covering of the ends of the supporting arches 1. If necessary, screws 45 will be screwed to the through joint covers 40 in the supporting arches 1 towards the middle part of the arch. Finally, cover plates 46 of the screws 45 will be embedded in the joint covers 40.

The construction of the vaulted eardrums is done with the same profiles 1, 2, 9, 25, 27, 40 and 50. The edge profile 9 is fixed vertically to the outer edge of the sand pit 12. The glazing of the eardrum is lined with the profile edge 27 which fits into the edge profile 9, in its lower part, while in its upper part, a U-shaped profile is bent and covered with the joint 56.

Likewise, the opening parts are constructed with the same edge profiles 9 and the axes of the hinges are housed in the cylindrical parts 22 of the edge profiles 9 adjacent to the opening parts.

The other elements of the opening parts are then easily produced by known methods.

It is obvious that the use of extruded profiles made of synthetic materials does not pose a problem in their combination with steel sand plates. On the other hand, the combination of an extruded aluminum profile, with a hard steel plate, forms an electrolytic couple giving a potential difference of the order of some 30 millivolts. This difference rises to 335 millivolts for zinc (Zn).

The alloyed metals of aluminum and steel have variable electrochemical couples according to the metals present in these alloys.

The electro-galvanized steel plate cannot therefore be in direct contact with the aluminum profiles. Different known methods including the use of seals, adhesive tapes and / or anti-galvanic paints will therefore be used, to avoid this corrosion phenomenon which is favored by the action of humidity.

The improvement has been described above and illustrated by way of nonlimiting examples, and it goes without saying that many modifications can be made to its realization without departing from its spirit.

Claims (10)

1. Arched skylight in the shape of a shooting vault characterized in that it is firstly constituted first of all by a prefabricated structure composed of sand pits resting on the risers surrounding an opening in the roof, of edge profiles resting on the fold or the edge outside of these sand pits, carrying hoop profiles and studs driven into the ends of these carrying hoops, secondly, single or multiple glazing resting on the seals of the carrying hoops and furnished with edge profiles fitting into the profiles of. shore resting on the sand pits, and third of clamping joint cover profiles fitted with seals and stretched on the glazing by means of screws retained by the crampons fixed in the supporting arches, the vault thus constituted may include opening parts for ventilation made up of the same profiles and dowels embedded in these profiles and forming hinge pins, and which can be completed at its ends by eardrums also made up of the same profiles, rooflight then characterized in that all the forces and tensions are taken up in the fixing of the bolts located in the edge or the outside corner of the sand plate and piercing at the same time the sand plate, the lower edge profile, the roll bar and the clamp for retaining the tensioning screws of the tightening joint cover , and finally, in that all the glazing units are fitted with profiled perimeter seals both inside and outside of the skylight to provide a e complete sealing of the glazing. 2. Method according to claim 1 according to which single or multiple curved glazing is prefabricated in the workshop, characterized in that their straight edges are lined with profiles fitted with flexible external and internal profiled seals. 3. Method of constructing a arched skylight in the form of a vault according to which a structure is prefabricated in the workshop on the one hand and curved glazing on the other hand as well as the clamping joint covers for these glazing, the method of construction of the structure being characterized by the fixing of crampons in housings at the ends of the pre-curved support hoops, then by the perforation in a single operation at a time of the support hoop, of the crampon embedded in it, of the edge profile in which the carrying arch has been placed and of the plate, on the fold or the outer edge thereof, and finally the simultaneous fixing of all these elements constituting the structure by a simple bolting joining all these elements in one operation. 4. Method of constructing a skylight in the shape of a rolling vat, characterized firstly by first fixing the sand pits and the structures on the elevations surrounding the opening in the roof, then installing the glazing by hanging the edge profiles bordering these glazings in the edge profiles of the structure, and finally we apply pre-curved joint covers and pre-filled with flexible profile seals on the curved edges of two contiguous glazing elements , a method then characterized, above all, in that these joint covers are stretched by screws retained on the one hand by studs embedded at the ends of the carrying arches and engaged on the other hand in housings situated at the ends of the clamping arches also making function of joint covers, these clamping profiles can also be fixed by screws directly on the supporting poles at various places along their length in a cavity provided for this purpose. 5. Device for curved skylights according to which a bolt pierces at the same time a supporting arch, a crampon embedded in this arch, a perpendicular edge profile at the end of this hoop and the outer edge of a sand pit, a seal being placed between the edge of the sand pit and the edge profile in a housing specially provided for this purpose, this housing allowing the fixing of the '' hoop on the plate in an angle of inclination corresponding exactly to the arch of the hoop and can vary from 0 ° to 90 °. 6. Device for curved skylights according to which an edge profile schematically L-shaped is characterized in that it comprises: 1 ° at its upper end, a groove constituting a mortise intended to hang a stud lining the exterior of a curved glazing element, 2 ° then, contiguous to its angle, an open cylindrical part intended for the introduction of a dowel allowing perfect alignment of the successive lengths of profiles, at the same time as, in addition, the use of the same device in which the dowel acts as a hinge axis for an opening part of the skylight, the corresponding part of the edge profile then forming part of the opening frame of the skylight, and 3 ° at its opposite end, a partially cylindrical section also allowing the introduction of a dowel intended for perfect alignment of the successive lengths of profiles, and finally, 4 ° a lug located about two centimeters from this partially cylindrical section so as to constitute, in combination with it, both a housing for a seal and a kind of inverted U coming to bear on the fold or the outer edge of a plate so that this edge profile can be bolted to this fold or this edge of the plate. 7. Device for curved skylights according to which a support arch is characterized in that its section includes all at the same time: 1 ° in its lower central part, an open cylindrical housing allowing the fixing of a self-tapping traction screw, 2 ° rectangular lateral housings for embedding crampons, 3 ° at the upper lateral ends, mortises to receive the tenons of sealing joints, and 4 ° in its upper central part, a deep U-shaped channel intended to receive tapping screws for fixing a joint cover, this channel being characterized in its lower part by a partial constriction of the section of the U, for prevent deformation of the joint cover and perforation of the first open cylindrical housing. 8. Device for curved skylights according to which a joint cover having the function of sealingly connecting two contiguous glazing parts consists of a profile characterized in that it comprises: 1 ° in its central part, a channel, the bottom of which is convex, intended to receive the heads of the tightening screws of the joint cover, as well as 2 ° two grooves, in the upper part of this central channel, allowing the embedding of a slat covering the screws, closing this channel; 3 ° laterally to the upper walls of the channel, two partially cylindrical housings intended to receive each of the tensioning screws at the ends of the joint cover; 4 ° parallel to these cylindrical channels, mortises intended to receive the tenons of the seals. 9. Device for curved skylights according to which the seals lining the support arch profiles and the joint cover profiles are characterized in that they comprise: 1 ° a central part of rounded shape exerting direct pressure on the glazing; 2 ° two curved wings balancing laterally, to the right and to the left of the central part and crashing against the glazing to complete the watertightness of the skylight; 3 ° in its part opposite to the glazing, a tenon intended to fix the joint in its corresponding cavity of the profiled supporting arches or joint covers; 4 ° laterally to this tenon, on both sides, a channel and parallel grooves to facilitate the movements of the seal against the glazing while maintaining permanent and continuous contact with the glazing; 5 ° on the external side which is in contact with the weather, a large additional curved wing larger than the first two, also coming to crash against the glazing on a contact surface of approximately 6 mm thus constituting a fourth barrier sealing; 6 ° finally, this large wing is balanced by another large opposite wing which covers the edge of the joint cover profile. 10. Arched skylights, methods and devices in substance as described above and shown schematically in the accompanying drawings.

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