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EP0131263B1 - Process and installation for the continuous casting of cast iron socket tubes - Google Patents

Process and installation for the continuous casting of cast iron socket tubes Download PDF

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Publication number
EP0131263B1
EP0131263B1 EP84107854A EP84107854A EP0131263B1 EP 0131263 B1 EP0131263 B1 EP 0131263B1 EP 84107854 A EP84107854 A EP 84107854A EP 84107854 A EP84107854 A EP 84107854A EP 0131263 B1 EP0131263 B1 EP 0131263B1
Authority
EP
European Patent Office
Prior art keywords
core
die
socket
pipe
tubular
Prior art date
Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
Expired
Application number
EP84107854A
Other languages
German (de)
French (fr)
Other versions
EP0131263A1 (en
Inventor
Yves Gourmel
Michel Pierrel
Rio Bellocci
Current Assignee (The listed assignees may be inaccurate. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation or warranty as to the accuracy of the list.)
Pont a Mousson SA
Original Assignee
Pont a Mousson SA
Priority date (The priority date is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the date listed.)
Filing date
Publication date
Application filed by Pont a Mousson SA filed Critical Pont a Mousson SA
Priority to AT84107854T priority Critical patent/ATE29404T1/en
Publication of EP0131263A1 publication Critical patent/EP0131263A1/en
Application granted granted Critical
Publication of EP0131263B1 publication Critical patent/EP0131263B1/en
Expired legal-status Critical Current

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Classifications

    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/006—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths of tubes
    • B—PERFORMING OPERATIONS; TRANSPORTING
    • B22—CASTING; POWDER METALLURGY
    • B22D—CASTING OF METALS; CASTING OF OTHER SUBSTANCES BY THE SAME PROCESSES OR DEVICES
    • B22D11/00—Continuous casting of metals, i.e. casting in indefinite lengths
    • B22D11/14—Plants for continuous casting
    • B22D11/145—Plants for continuous casting for upward casting

Definitions

  • the present invention relates to the vertical continuous casting of a cast iron pipe provided with an interlocking.
  • the invention is applicable to pipes of any thickness, it is particularly suitable for the manufacture of thin pipes.
  • the expression “thin pipe - applies to a pipe whose thickness / diameter ratio is low, less than 10%, rather than to the thickness itself considered in isolation, since the latter, depending on the diameters, can vary from less than 5 mm (diameter 80 mm) to less than 15 mm (diameter 1,000 mm).
  • the invention relates more precisely to the continuous ascending casting of a pipe with interlocking from a metal bath.
  • the Applicant has posed the problem of obtaining an interlocking pipe by continuous ascending casting, without core or mandrel, for the formation of the internal cylindrical cavity of the pipe to be obtained.
  • the subject of the invention is a process for the continuous vertical ascending casting of a cast iron pipe, of the type in which a crucible-tank supplied with liquid metal at source is used, said crucible-reservoir, with cylindrical wall, constituting a die. giving the shape of the barrel of the pipe, the die is cooled externally and a tubular body is generated by ascending extraction of solidified metal, step by step, out of the die, this process being characterized in that for the manufacture of a pipe with interlocking first forms the interlocking and a primer of the barrel by raising the liquid iron in the annular space between a shell giving the external shape of the interlocking and a core giving the internal shape of the interlocking.
  • the invention also relates to an installation for the implementation of this process, this installation of the type comprising a crucible constituted by a tubular die and by a bottom made of refractory material which leads to a supply duct for liquid iron, this installation being characterized in that the tubular die is surmounted by a steel shell giving the outside shape of the socket and carrying a socket core of porous refractory material permeable to gases giving the inside shape of the socket and initiating that of the cylindrical cavity of the barrel of the pipe to be obtained, said shell and said nesting core flaring upwards, coaxially with the graphite tubular die, said core comprising a tubular skirt immersed by its lower end over a certain corresponding depth at part of the height of the die and at the beginning of the barrel of the pipe to be obtained.
  • a cast iron pipe, with interlocking can be produced in a simple manner, therefore reliable and inexpensive, with a low thickness / diameter ratio, and by obtaining a good surface condition not only externally as known. in itself thanks to the tubular die but still internally, despite the absence of mandrel or core and annular space over the entire height of the tubular die.
  • the cast iron is sucked up to form the nesting and is brought into source by means of a siphon block.
  • the supply of cast iron is carried out at the source, under low gas pressure, without suction.
  • the invention is applied to the continuous ascending casting of a cast iron pipe T, with interlocking, said pipe being thin because the thickness / diameter ratio is low, less than 10%, the thickness of the barrel is that is to say of the tubular part adjacent to the socket, not exceeding 15 mm for a diameter of 1000 mm, 8 mm for a diameter of 300 mm and 5 mm for a diameter of 80 mm.
  • Liquid iron feed by siphon block (1-2-3-4-5): -
  • a hollow base 1 made of refractory material, for example of the silico-aluminous type, internally comprises an L-shaped casting conduit with a horizontal or slightly oblique leg 2, and with a foot 3, vertical, of axis XX for a source supply. from the crucible.
  • the base 1 is enhanced by a vertical chimney 4 of axis YY parallel to the axis XX of the foot 3.
  • the chimney 4 communicates at its lower part with the leg 2 of the casting conduit and ends at its upper part with a pouring funnel 5 with axis YY.
  • the height of the chimney 4 is equal to that of the crucible or of the die 6 described below (chimney 4 and crucible 6 forming communicating vessels).
  • the 1-2-3-4-5 assembly is called a siphon block.
  • the supply takes place at the source, that is to say from the bottom or the bottom of the die 6.
  • the base 1 carries a crucible constituted by a tubular die 6 made of graphite of axis XX and by the base 1 constituting a frustoconical tank bottom 7 flared in obtuse angle slightly less than 180 ° towards the foot 3 of the casting conduit which opens into the hollow of said tank bottom 7.
  • the tank bottom 7 is not cooled.
  • the die 6 is cooled externally by a jacket 8, for example made of copper, with circulation of cooling water, which enters via a conduit 9 and leaves via a conduit 10.
  • the jacket 8, 'in contact with the die 6, is arranged so as to wrap the die 6 over almost its entire height with the exception, however, of its lower part which must remain uncooled.
  • annular support plate 11 of the jacket 8 made of refractory material, for example of the silico-aluminous type, therefore thermally insulating, is interposed between the jacket 8 and the base 1, in order to avoid cooling of the base 1 by shirt 8.
  • the die 6 is surmounted or extended at its upper part by an annular metal shell 12, for example made of steel, of axis XX, flared upwards, the cavity of which gives the external profile for fitting the pipe T to be obtained.
  • the shell 12 has at its lower part adjacent to the upper part of the die 6 the same thickness and the same inside and outside diameters as the die 6 with a view to the connection without discontinuity with the die 6 (continuity of the extension of the inner wall of the die 6 through the inner wall of the shell 12). Only the lower part of the shell 12 fits into the upper part of the cooling jacket 8 for mounting reasons. However, to achieve airtightness, a sealing bead 6a is interposed between the die 6 and the shell 12.
  • the bead 6a is for example obtained by pouring an epoxy resin adhesive on the upper edge of the die 6.
  • the shell 12 is not externally cooled by water. It is cooled only by the ambient air. However, the shell 12 can also be cooled by water, for example by spraying water jets, not shown.
  • the shell 12 comprises above the molding cavity proper an enlarged frustoconical bearing 13 of axis XX intended to receive the flange of an annular nesting core 14 made of porous molding sand, for example a hardened mixture of sand and thermosetting resin.
  • the core 14 which gives the internal molding profile of the fitting of the pipe T comprises a tubular skirt 15 whose external wall corresponds to the internal wall of the pipe T to be obtained.
  • the core 14 has a length or height greater than that of the shell 12 so that the skirt 15 extends downwards beyond the shell 12, over a certain height of the die 6, at the upper part thereof. this.
  • the skirt 15 thus provides with the die 6 an annular space 16 corresponding to the thickness of the pipe T to be formed, and this for the reasons explained below.
  • the core 14 made of porous sand necessarily has a coating 17 that is airtight and resistant to the temperature of metal or liquid iron.
  • This coating 17 is for example a tubular steel core.
  • the covering 17 has the same total length or height as the core 14 made of porous sand.
  • the core 14 is applied to its surface 13 in the shell 12 by a metallic annular suction plate 18.
  • the plate 18 has an annular suction groove 19 opening towards the flange of the core 14 made of porous sand, the groove 19 being adjacent to said flange. In the groove 19 opens a conduit 20 connected through a tap 21 to a suction source not shown.
  • the annular suction plate 18 is fixed to the shell 12, for example by screws.
  • a lifting plate of axis XX, secured to the suction plate 18 to which it is fixed for example by screws, and secured to a lifting rod 23, of axis XX, suspended from a vertically guided lifting device, not shown.
  • Liquid metal feed (Fig. 1):
  • liquid cast iron is introduced according to arrow 24 into the funnel 5 for casting.
  • the valve 21 of the suction pipe 20 is closed.
  • the base 1 and the crucible constituted by the die 6 are filled until the level of liquid iron N reaches at N the upper part of the die 6 or of the crucible corresponding to the upper part of the annular cooling jacket. 8.
  • the jacket 8 is traversed by a stream of water. By the principle of communicating vessels, the level N is the same in the die 6 and the funnel 5.
  • the skirt 15 of the nesting core 14 as well as the tubular core 17 of the core 14 are immersed in liquid iron, which is contained in the capacity of the crucible or of the die 6.
  • the immersion takes place under a certain depth sufficient to prevent that, in the next phase of molding of the interlocking, air trapped in the cavity of the core tubular 17, is not sucked through the conduit 20 passing under the skirt 15 and passing through the liquid cast iron then the annular space 16 between the core 14 and the shell 12.
  • the suction valve 21 is opened and the air contained in the annular space 16 is aspirated using the conduit 20 suction of the circular groove 19, through the porous flange 14a of the core. Thanks to the waterproof steel core 17, there is no suction effect in the tubular cavity located inside the core 17. Thus, the suction is limited to the annular space 16. This suction limitation is also obtained by immersing, over a certain height, the skirt 15 of the core and the corresponding tubular core 17, below the level N of the liquid iron.
  • Liquid iron rises rapidly in the annular space 16 of the socket, which it fills up to the porous flange 14a of the core 14.
  • the molding of the socket is practically instantaneous (duration less than one second).
  • the level drops in the interior space of the tubular core 17 and of the skirt 15 of the core 14, and in the funnel. 5.
  • the level of cast iron does not drop below the core 17 and the skirt 15 which remain immersed in the liquid cast iron in order to preserve a sort of airtight hydraulic seal.
  • the socket 16 thus molded solidifies from the top, that is to say from the flange 14a of the core 14.
  • the level of liquid iron which has just fallen is completed, by pouring iron into the funnel 5 along arrow 24 during the solidification of the socket.
  • the suction valve is closed 21.
  • the liquid iron included in the annular space between the skirt 15 and the die 6 (upper part) and the shell 12 (lower part) cools both under the influence of the upper part of the cooling jacket 8 and under the influence of the shell 12.
  • This cooling results in a solidification along a solidification front S of roughly frustoconical shape, starting from the wall of the die 6 at the level of the lower end of the cooling jacket 8 to converge towards the vertical axis XX to the lower end of the skirt 15 of the core 14.
  • the extractor is actuated, that is to say the whole of the lifting plate 22 and of the shell 12, upwards (arrow f in FIG. 4), while pouring liquid iron in the funnel 5 according to arrow 24 to replace the liquid iron which will be ent taken out of the crucible 6. Care is thus taken to keep the level N of liquid iron constant during the extraction, a little below the upper part of the die 6, at a height where the iron is still cooled by the envelope. 8.
  • the upward extraction of the solidified socket E in solidarity with the shell 12, the suction plate 18, the extractor lifting plate 22 and the core 14, is carried out discontinuously, not step by step.
  • the shell 12 moves away step by step from the die 6.
  • a barrel primer has formed in the annular space 16 between the skirt 15 of the core 14 and the shell 12. This barrel primer tapers along roughly the profile S to the lower end of the cooling jacket 8 (Fig. 3 and 4).
  • the first climb stroke of the E-shell 12-core 14 interlocking assembly corresponds to a fraction of the height of cast iron being solidified below the barrel leader between skirt 15 and casing 8. It is for example of one to several centimeters. The beginning of the barrel therefore lengthens by a few centimeters of solidified cast iron taken from crucible 6. At the first stroke of short duration succeeds a stop of cooling and solidification of the cast iron mounted at the upper part of the die 6, which is carried out under the same conditions as above and is followed by a second upward stroke of the same amplitude as the first. The races of the same amplitude and the stops of the same duration follow one another thus, while continuing to "feed the tube T in formation by a supply of liquid iron in the funnel 5 according to arrow 24 (Fig.
  • the E-shell 12-core 14 interlocking assembly Shortly after the first race, the E-shell 12-core 14 interlocking assembly is sufficiently distant from the die crucible 6 so that the skirt 15 of the core 14 is no longer immersed in the liquid iron (FIG. 4).
  • the cast iron in the course of solidification is that which, at level N, is cooled externally by the jacket 8 and internally by the atmosphere internal to the cavity of the core 14 and of the pipe primer T.
  • the front of solidification S extends to the height of the lower end of the cooling jacket 8 where the thickness of solidified cast iron is zero.
  • the lifting or ascending extraction step by step continues to cause a new tubular portion of low height following the adjacent solid portion of pipe T. These ascents are interrupted by solidification stops.
  • the outside wall of the pipe T which forms follows the inside wall of the die 6.
  • the inside wall of the pipe T which forms no longer marries any wall since there is no longer any core.
  • the source supply in liquid iron, continues by pouring iron in the direction of arrow 24 to compensate for the removal of iron from the upper part of the die crucible 6, and to keep constant the level N below the part upper of the die 6, at a height still subject to the influence of the casing 8, so as to maintain the cooling conditions with a view to forming a regular pipe barrel T.
  • the pipe T is then raised to a height such that its lower end leaves the die 6. After the abovementioned rapid emptying, the lower end is cut so that the pipe T has a precise length and the end edge lower section is regular, possibly profiled.
  • the shell 12 is removed by sliding it along the barrel of the pipe T and out of the barrel and the core 14 is broken in sand by recovering the tubular core 17 in steel.
  • the method of the invention consists in causing the liquid metal to rise (by suction) in an annular space 16 between shell 12 and core 14 giving the form of the fitting of the pipe and the start of a thick barrel e from a source of liquid metal (crucible or die 6) supplied from the source, to solidify the liquid metal from the top in this annular space and according to a film or skin in contact with the wall of the tank or of the die of crucible 6 which is cooled, the skin having a thickness decreasing downwards or increasing upwards up to a maximum value e equal to the annular width of the barrel between skirt 15 of core 14 and shell 12, to be left said skin thicken over time by solidification up to said maximum value e, and to regularly extract step by step this solid skin upwards by removing the liquid metal from the crucible or from die 6 while continuing to feed the crucible made of liquid metal.
  • the removal of metal from the crucible is compensated by keeping the level of liquid metal constant by source supply, by siphon.
  • filling is carried out both by suction and under pressure of the annular space 16 between the shell 12 and the porous core 14 , i.e. complete filling without leaving pockets or bubbles of gas or air trapped in space 16.
  • the suction is made possible and is limited to the annular space 16 between the shell 12 and the core 14.
  • This beautiful surface finish extends not only externally, thanks to the die 6, when the core 14 has moved away from the die 6 (Fig. 4) but also internally, despite the absence of the core 14, thanks to the maintenance in temperature of the uncooled lower end of the die 6 in contact with the liquid metal and the plate 11, thanks to the regular ascents, of small amplitude, interspersed with regular cooling stops ensuring regular conditions for forming annular sections solidified from barrel to the upper part of the die 6 and thanks to the regular thermal conditions of solidification.
  • a cast iron pipe T with interlocking E whose barrel has a small thickness compared to the diameter, for example a thickness of 4 mm for a pipe of diameter 80 mm, a thickness of 7 mm for a pipe with a diameter of 300 mm, said pipe diameter being the inside diameter of the die 6.
  • This process and this installation ensure a high production rate, with relatively simple production means and easy operation.
  • the bottom of the crucible is not cooled, so that it is always a hot liquid iron which can rise to the upper part of the die crucible 6.
  • the shell 12 is left in place on the die 6 during extraction (Fig. 5, 6 and 7) and l 'internal means are provided for gripping and extracting the pipe T in formation.
  • a shell 25 similar to the shell 12 but having the following modifications: it comprises at its lower part of smaller diameter a flange 26 intended to be fixed on the upper edge of the cooling jacket 8 by screws.
  • the shell 25 instead of being fixed at its upper part of larger diameter to the annular suction plate 18, the shell 25 carries on its upper end edge a sealing bead 27, for example made of mastic or silicone , or in epoxy resin adhesive intended to seal the plate 18 and the shell 25 in an airtight manner without preventing the detachment and the removal of the plate 18 during extraction.
  • the core 14 is provided with a skirt 15a modified in the following manner (Fig.
  • the skirt 15a is indented at its lower part, at regular intervals around its periphery, and its indentations are filled until they are flush with the lower end edge of the tubular core 17a by portions of metal end pieces 28 in the form of cylindrical sectors , for example four or six.
  • These end portions 28 constituting internal jaws have on their internal concave face in contact with the core 17a a portion of circular rib 29 projecting from said concave face and engaging in a removable manner on a continuous circular groove 30 of the tubular core 17a; the rib portions 29 are therefore placed in the vicinity of the skirt 15a of the core 14.
  • the end portions 28 have on their external convex face, which extends and is flush with the external convex wall of the skirt 15a, a hooking protuberance 31 with a demoldable profile, for example in the form of a pair of portions of circular beads 31 projecting from the external convex walls of the skirt 15a and portions of end pieces 28.
  • the metallic core 17a is itself indented by slots 32 regularly distributed over the circular periphery, which are filled by tongues of sand with complementary core 33 forming part of the skirt 15a of the core 14.
  • Each tab of sand 33 has a angle at the center at least equal to that of the end portions 28.
  • the sand tongues 33 in number equal to the end portions 28 are also provided with attachment beads 31 of identical profile to the beads 31 with which the portions d ends 28 so as to form a pair of complete circular beads 31.
  • the formation of the interlocking pipe T E is similar to that of the previous example.
  • the difference in operation lies in the entrainment of the pipe T being formed during extraction and in demolding: as soon as the plate 18 integral with the extractor is raised using the lifting rod 23 not shown. (Fig. 6), it moves away from the shell 25 which remains fixed to the cooling jacket 8 by its flange 26 however that it causes upward the fitting E by the core 14 and by the portions of end pieces 28 as well as the core sand tabs 33.
  • the pipe is rotated around the axis XX relative to the annular plate 18 in order to break the core 14 and the tongues 33 and to occupy the empty locations left by the tongues 33, by the portions of end pieces 28 which, at the first pull of the pipe T relative to the plate 18, can retract centripetally.
  • the pipe T is therefore released from the shell 25 during the extraction since it slides inside the latter, during the extraction, which avoids an additional operation of removing the shell 25 on along the barrel once the T pipe is fully formed.
  • the siphon block 1-2-3-4-5 is replaced by a pressure casting pocket 34 of the teapot type, with oblique filling chute 35 closed by a cover 36.
  • a vertical pouring tube 37 made of refractory material passes through the upper wall of the closed pocket 34. It almost dives to the bottom of the pocket 34 and protrudes above the upper wall over a short length along which it is surrounded and reinforced with a frustoconical nozzle 38 of axis XX of connection with a complementary frustoconical interlocking 39 of axis XX to the part lower of the base 1a for communicating the pouring tube 37 with the cavity of the crucible or of the die 6.
  • a conduit 40 in communication with the interior of the pocket 34 at the top of the latter, above the level of the liquid metal M (of cast iron, for example) is connected under the control of a tap 41 to a source of compressed gas (e.g. compressed air) or to a landfill.
  • a source of compressed gas e.g. compressed air
  • the annular plate 18a is modified relative to the plate 18 by removing the groove 19 and the suction duct 20.
  • the procedure is as in the first example but with a different mode of supply of liquid metal.
  • the annular space 16 is first filled by raising the pressure in the ladle 34 to cause the liquid iron to rise in the tube 37 and filling all the space 16, and the pressure is constantly increased while making jog the fitting E obtained, as in the first example.
  • the annular space 16 is therefore no longer filled by suction.
  • the pressure in the pipe 40 is only suddenly released when the pipe T has reached a sufficient length.
  • the shell 12 can also be replaced by the interlocking shell 25, and the core 14 with skirt 15 by the core 14 with skirt 15a as in FIGS. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.
  • the temperature of the siphon block 1-2-3-4-5 is controllable and even likely to be raised by heating by electrical induction, in particular of the duct 2-3.

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  • Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
  • Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
  • Molds, Cores, And Manufacturing Methods Thereof (AREA)
  • Continuous Casting (AREA)
  • Refinement Of Pig-Iron, Manufacture Of Cast Iron, And Steel Manufacture Other Than In Revolving Furnaces (AREA)
  • Protection Of Pipes Against Damage, Friction, And Corrosion (AREA)
  • Medicines Containing Antibodies Or Antigens For Use As Internal Diagnostic Agents (AREA)
  • Saccharide Compounds (AREA)
  • Treatment Of Steel In Its Molten State (AREA)
  • Joints With Sleeves (AREA)
  • Document Processing Apparatus (AREA)
  • Controls And Circuits For Display Device (AREA)
  • Exhaust Silencers (AREA)
  • Cylinder Crankcases Of Internal Combustion Engines (AREA)
  • Moulds For Moulding Plastics Or The Like (AREA)
  • Shaping By String And By Release Of Stress In Plastics And The Like (AREA)

Abstract

The vertically ascending casting of a thin-walled metal pipe and integral end fitting from a bath of molten metal is implemented using a housing 12 and a core 14 to mold the end fitting or bell housing and a tubular draw tube 6 to mold the pipe shank. The end fitting E is first formed by forcing the metal to rise in the annular space 16 between the housing and the core, simultaneously forming the initial section of the pipe shank. Once the end fitting has solidified it is extracted upwardly, step by step, while shank sections are simultaneously withdrawn from the metal bath. These sections are also solidified step by step along a tapering front S in the bath until the desired length of pipe T has been obtained.

Description

La présente invention est relative à la coulée continue verticale d'un tuyau en fonte pourvu d'un emboîtement. Bien que l'invention soit applicable à des tuyaux de n'importe quelle épaisseur, elle convient particulièrement à la fabrication de tuyaux minces. L'expression « tuyau mince - s'applique à un tuyau dont le rapport épaisseur/diamètre est faible, inférieur à 10 %, plutôt qu'à l'épaisseur elle-même considérée isolément, puisque celle-ci, suivant les diamètres, peut varier de moins de 5 mm (diamètre 80 mm) à moins de 15 mm (diamètre 1 000 mm).The present invention relates to the vertical continuous casting of a cast iron pipe provided with an interlocking. Although the invention is applicable to pipes of any thickness, it is particularly suitable for the manufacture of thin pipes. The expression “thin pipe - applies to a pipe whose thickness / diameter ratio is low, less than 10%, rather than to the thickness itself considered in isolation, since the latter, depending on the diameters, can vary from less than 5 mm (diameter 80 mm) to less than 15 mm (diameter 1,000 mm).

L'invention concerne plus précisément la coulée continue ascendante d'un tuyau à emboîtement à partir d'un bain métallique.The invention relates more precisely to the continuous ascending casting of a pipe with interlocking from a metal bath.

On connaît, par exemple par le brevet DE-C-804840 sur la-base duquel les préambules des revendications indépendantes 1 et 6 sont rédigés, la coulée continue ascendante d'une ébauche tubulaire métallique de petit diamètre et de forte épaisseur que l'on extrait d'un bain métallique au fur et à mesure qu'on ta solidifie à l'intérieur d'une courte filière disposée verticalement, dont l'extrémité inférieure est en communication avec le bain métallique. Un tel procédé ne prévoit pas la coulée d'un tube pourvu d'un emboîtement.We know, for example from patent DE-C-804840 on the basis of which the preambles of independent claims 1 and 6 are written, the continuous ascending casting of a metallic tubular blank of small diameter and thick which is extract from a metal bath as you solidify it inside a short vertically arranged die, the lower end of which is in communication with the metal bath. Such a method does not provide for the casting of a tube provided with an interlocking.

La Demanderesse s'est posé le problème d'obtenir un tuyau à emboîtement par coulée continue- ascendante, sans noyau ni mandrin, pour le formage de la cavité cylindrique interne du tuyau à obtenir.The Applicant has posed the problem of obtaining an interlocking pipe by continuous ascending casting, without core or mandrel, for the formation of the internal cylindrical cavity of the pipe to be obtained.

Le problème est résolu par le procédé de l'invention.The problem is solved by the method of the invention.

. L'invention a pour objet un procédé pour la coulée continue verticale ascendante d'un tuyau en fonte, du type dans lequel on utilise un creuset-réservoir alimenté en métal liquide en source, ledit creuset-réservoir, à paroi cylindrique, constituant une filière donnant la forme du fût du tuyau, on refroidit extérieurement la filière et on engendre un corps tubulaire par extraction ascendante de métal solidifié, pas à pas, hors de la filière, ce procédé étant caractérisé en ce que pour la fabrication d'un tuyau à emboîtement on forme d'abord l'emboîtement et une amorce du fût en faisant monter la fonte liquide dans l'espace annulaire compris entre une coquille donnant la forme extérieure de l'emboîtement et un noyau donnant la forme interne de l'emboîtement.. The subject of the invention is a process for the continuous vertical ascending casting of a cast iron pipe, of the type in which a crucible-tank supplied with liquid metal at source is used, said crucible-reservoir, with cylindrical wall, constituting a die. giving the shape of the barrel of the pipe, the die is cooled externally and a tubular body is generated by ascending extraction of solidified metal, step by step, out of the die, this process being characterized in that for the manufacture of a pipe with interlocking first forms the interlocking and a primer of the barrel by raising the liquid iron in the annular space between a shell giving the external shape of the interlocking and a core giving the internal shape of the interlocking.

L'invention a également pour objet une installation pour la mise en oeuvre de ce procédé, cette installation du type comprenant un creuset constitué par une filière tubulaire et par un fond en matériau réfractaire où débouche un conduit d'alimentation en fonte liquide, cette installation étant caractérisée en ce que la filière tubulaire est surmontée d'une coquille d'acier donnant la forme extérieure de l'emboîtement et portant un noyau d'emboîtement en matériau réfractaire poreux perméable aux gaz donnant la forme intérieure de l'emboîtement et amorçant celle de la cavité cylindrique du fût du tuyau à obtenir, ladite coquille et ledit noyau d'emboîtement s'évasant vers le haut, coaxialement à la filière tubulaire en graphite, ledit noyau comportant une jupe tubulaire immergée par son extrémité inférieure sur une certaine profondeur correspondant à une partie de la hauteur de la filière et à une amorce de fût du tuyau à obtenir.The invention also relates to an installation for the implementation of this process, this installation of the type comprising a crucible constituted by a tubular die and by a bottom made of refractory material which leads to a supply duct for liquid iron, this installation being characterized in that the tubular die is surmounted by a steel shell giving the outside shape of the socket and carrying a socket core of porous refractory material permeable to gases giving the inside shape of the socket and initiating that of the cylindrical cavity of the barrel of the pipe to be obtained, said shell and said nesting core flaring upwards, coaxially with the graphite tubular die, said core comprising a tubular skirt immersed by its lower end over a certain corresponding depth at part of the height of the die and at the beginning of the barrel of the pipe to be obtained.

Grâce à ce procédé et à cette installation, un tuyau en fonte, à emboîtement, est réalisable de manière simple, donc fiable et peu coûteuse, avec un faible rapport épaisseur/diamètre, et en obtenant un bel état de surface non seulement extérieurement comme connu en soi grâce à la filière tubulaire mais encore intérieurement, malgré l'absence de mandrin ou noyau et d'espace annulaire sur toute la hauteur de la filière tubulaire.Thanks to this process and to this installation, a cast iron pipe, with interlocking, can be produced in a simple manner, therefore reliable and inexpensive, with a low thickness / diameter ratio, and by obtaining a good surface condition not only externally as known. in itself thanks to the tubular die but still internally, despite the absence of mandrel or core and annular space over the entire height of the tubular die.

Suivant un mode d'exécution de l'invention, la fonte est aspirée pour former l'emboîtement et est amenée en source au moyen d'un bloc-siphon.According to an embodiment of the invention, the cast iron is sucked up to form the nesting and is brought into source by means of a siphon block.

Suivant un autre mode d'exécution de l'invention, l'alimentation en fonte s'effectue en source, sous basse pression gazeuse, sans aspiration.According to another embodiment of the invention, the supply of cast iron is carried out at the source, under low gas pressure, without suction.

D'autres caractéristiques et avantages apparaîtront au cours de la description qui va suivre.Other characteristics and advantages will appear during the description which follows.

Au dessin annexé donné seulement à titre d'exemple,

  • la figure 1 est une vue schématique en coupe de l'installation de l'invention au moment où la coulée de l'emboîtement va commencer ;
  • la figure 2 est une vue partielle en coupe analogue à la Fig. 1 illustrant la phase de coulée de l'emboîtement ;
  • la figure 3 est une vue partielle en coupe analogue à la Fig. 2 illustrant la solidification de l'emboîtement et d'une amorce de fût ;
  • la figure 4 est une vue schématique en coupe analogue à la Fig. 1 illustrant la coulée continue ascendante d'un tuyau à emboîtement par extraction de l'emboîtement solidifié et alimentation continue en fonte liquide en source ;
  • la figure 5 est une vue partielle en coupe analogue à la Fig. 2 d'une variante d'exécution avec moyens internes d'extraction de l'emboîtement ;
  • la figure 6 est une vue partielle en coupe illustrant l'extraction d'un tuyau en formation à l'aide de ces moyens internes ;
  • la figure 7 est une vue de détail en coupe des moyens internes d'extraction en bout de noyau d'emboîtement ;
  • la figure 8 est une vue partielle de détail en coupe analogue à la Fig. 7 du bout de noyau d'emboîtement adapté pour comporter lesdits moyens internes d'extraction ;
  • la figure 9 est une vue partielle de détail en coupe suivant la ligne 9-9 de la Fig. 8 ;
  • la figure 10 est une vue schématique en coupe d'une variante de l'invention avec alimentation ascendante sous basse pression, sans aspiration.
In the attached drawing given only by way of example,
  • Figure 1 is a schematic sectional view of the installation of the invention when the casting of the socket will start;
  • FIG. 2 is a partial sectional view similar to FIG. 1 illustrating the casting phase of the socket;
  • FIG. 3 is a partial view in section similar to FIG. 2 illustrating the solidification of the socket and of a barrel primer;
  • FIG. 4 is a schematic sectional view similar to FIG. 1 illustrating the continuous ascending casting of an interlocking pipe by extraction from the solidified interlocking and continuous supply of liquid cast iron at source;
  • FIG. 5 is a partial sectional view similar to FIG. 2 of an alternative embodiment with internal means for extracting the socket;
  • Figure 6 is a partial sectional view illustrating the extraction of a pipe in formation using these internal means;
  • Figure 7 is a detailed sectional view of the internal extraction means at the end of the nesting core;
  • FIG. 8 is a partial detail view in section similar to FIG. 7 of the end of the nesting core adapted to include said internal extraction means;
  • FIG. 9 is a partial detail view in section along line 9-9 of FIG. 8;
  • Figure 10 is a schematic sectional view of a variant of the invention with ascending feed under low pressure, without suction.

Suivant l'exemple d'exécution de la Fig. 1, l'invention est appliquée à la coulée continue ascendante d'un tuyau en fonte T, à emboîtement, ledit tuyau étant mince du fait que le rapport épaisseur/diamètre est faible, inférieur à 10 %, l'épaisseur du fût, c'est-à-dire de la partie tubulaire adjacente à l'emboîtement, ne dépassant pas 15 mm pour un diamètre de 1 000 mm, 8 mm pour un diamètre de 300 mm et 5 mm pour un diamètre de 80 mm.According to the embodiment of FIG. 1, the invention is applied to the continuous ascending casting of a cast iron pipe T, with interlocking, said pipe being thin because the thickness / diameter ratio is low, less than 10%, the thickness of the barrel is that is to say of the tubular part adjacent to the socket, not exceeding 15 mm for a diameter of 1000 mm, 8 mm for a diameter of 300 mm and 5 mm for a diameter of 80 mm.

L'installation comporte :

  • une alimentation en fonte liquide par bloc-siphon,
  • un creuset constitué par une filière tubulaire refroidie,
  • une coquille et un·πoyau d'emboîtement,
  • des moyens pour soumettre la fonte liquide à une aspiration,
  • un extracteur du tuyau formé.
The installation includes:
  • liquid iron feed by siphon block,
  • a crucible consisting of a cooled tubular die,
  • a shell and a nesting core,
  • means for subjecting the liquid iron to suction,
  • an extractor from the formed pipe.

1. Alimentation en fonte liquide par bloc-siphon (1-2-3-4-5) : -1. Liquid iron feed by siphon block (1-2-3-4-5): -

Un socle 1 creux, en matériau réfractaire, par exemple de type silico-alumineux comporte intérieurement un conduit de coulée en forme de L à jambage 2 horizontal ou légèrement oblique, et à pied 3, vertical, d'axe XX pour une alimentation en source du creuset. Le socle 1 est rehaussé d'une cheminée verticale 4 d'axe YY parallèle à l'axe XX du pied 3. La cheminée 4 communique à sa partie inférieure avec le jambage 2 du conduit de coulée et se termine à sa partie supérieure par un entonnoir de coulée 5 d'axe YY. La hauteur de la cheminée 4 est égale à celle du creuset ou de la filière 6 décrite ci-après (cheminée 4 et creuset 6 formant vases communicants). L'ensemble 1-2-3-4-5 s'appelle bloc-siphon. L'alimentation s'effectue en source c'est-à-dire par le bas ou la partie inférieure de la filière 6.A hollow base 1, made of refractory material, for example of the silico-aluminous type, internally comprises an L-shaped casting conduit with a horizontal or slightly oblique leg 2, and with a foot 3, vertical, of axis XX for a source supply. from the crucible. The base 1 is enhanced by a vertical chimney 4 of axis YY parallel to the axis XX of the foot 3. The chimney 4 communicates at its lower part with the leg 2 of the casting conduit and ends at its upper part with a pouring funnel 5 with axis YY. The height of the chimney 4 is equal to that of the crucible or of the die 6 described below (chimney 4 and crucible 6 forming communicating vessels). The 1-2-3-4-5 assembly is called a siphon block. The supply takes place at the source, that is to say from the bottom or the bottom of the die 6.

2. Le creuset refroidi extérieurement (la filière) :2. The crucible cooled externally (the die):

Dans l'axe XX, au-dessus du pied 3, le socle 1 porte un creuset constitué par une filière tubulaire 6 en graphite d'axe XX et par le socle 1 constituant un fond de cuve 7 tronconique évasé en angle obtus légèrement inférieur à 180° vers le pied 3 du conduit de coulée qui débouche au creux dudit fond de cuve 7. Le fond de cuve 7 n'est pas refroidi.In the axis XX, above the foot 3, the base 1 carries a crucible constituted by a tubular die 6 made of graphite of axis XX and by the base 1 constituting a frustoconical tank bottom 7 flared in obtuse angle slightly less than 180 ° towards the foot 3 of the casting conduit which opens into the hollow of said tank bottom 7. The tank bottom 7 is not cooled.

La filière 6 est refroidie extérieurement par une chemise 8, par exemple en cuivre, à circulation d'eau de refroidissement, qui entre par un conduit 9 et sort par un conduit 10.The die 6 is cooled externally by a jacket 8, for example made of copper, with circulation of cooling water, which enters via a conduit 9 and leaves via a conduit 10.

La chemise 8, 'en contact avec la filière 6, est disposée de manière à envelopper la filière 6 sur presque toute sa hauteur à l'exception cependant de sa partie inférieure qui doit rester non refroidie.The jacket 8, 'in contact with the die 6, is arranged so as to wrap the die 6 over almost its entire height with the exception, however, of its lower part which must remain uncooled.

A cet effet, une plaque annulaire de support 11 de la chemise 8, en matériau réfractaire, par exemple de type silico-alumineux, donc thermiquement isolant, est interposée entre la chemise 8 et le socle 1, afin d'éviter le refroidissement du socle 1 par la chemise 8.To this end, an annular support plate 11 of the jacket 8, made of refractory material, for example of the silico-aluminous type, therefore thermally insulating, is interposed between the jacket 8 and the base 1, in order to avoid cooling of the base 1 by shirt 8.

3. Coquille + noyau :3. Shell + core:

La filière 6 est surmontée ou prolongée à sa partie supérieure par une coquille 12 annulaire métallique, par exemple en acier, d'axe XX, évasée vers le haut, dont la cavité donne le profil extérieur d'emboîtement du tuyau T à obtenir. La coquille 12 présente à sa partie inférieure adjacente à la partie supérieure de la filière 6 la même épaisseur et les mêmes diamètres intérieur et extérieur que la filière 6 en vue du raccordement sans discontinuité avec la filière 6 (continuité du prolongement de la paroi intérieure de la filière 6 par la paroi intérieure de la coquille 12). Seule la partie inférieure de la coquille 12 s'emboîte dans la partie supérieure de la chemise de refroidissement 8 pour des raisons de montage. Cependant, pour réaliser l'étanchéité à l'air, un cordon d'étanchéité 6a est interposé entre la filière 6 et la coquille 12. Le cordon 6a est par exemple obtenu en coulant une colle en résine époxy sur la tranche supérieure de la filière 6. Dans cet exemple, la coquille 12 n'est pas refroidie extérieurement par eau. Elle est refroidie seulement par l'air ambiant. Mais la coquille 12 peut être également refroidie par eau, par exemple par pulvérisation de jets d'eau non représentés.The die 6 is surmounted or extended at its upper part by an annular metal shell 12, for example made of steel, of axis XX, flared upwards, the cavity of which gives the external profile for fitting the pipe T to be obtained. The shell 12 has at its lower part adjacent to the upper part of the die 6 the same thickness and the same inside and outside diameters as the die 6 with a view to the connection without discontinuity with the die 6 (continuity of the extension of the inner wall of the die 6 through the inner wall of the shell 12). Only the lower part of the shell 12 fits into the upper part of the cooling jacket 8 for mounting reasons. However, to achieve airtightness, a sealing bead 6a is interposed between the die 6 and the shell 12. The bead 6a is for example obtained by pouring an epoxy resin adhesive on the upper edge of the die 6. In this example, the shell 12 is not externally cooled by water. It is cooled only by the ambient air. However, the shell 12 can also be cooled by water, for example by spraying water jets, not shown.

La coquille 12 comporte au-dessus de la cavité de moulage proprement dite une portée tronconique élargie 13 d'axe XX destinée à recevoir la bride d'un noyau annulaire d'emboîtement 14 en sable de moulage poreux, par exemple en mélange durci de sable et de résine thermodurcissable. Le noyau 14 qui donne le profil intérieur de moulage de l'emboîtement du tuyau T comporte une jupe tubulaire 15 dont la paroi externe correspond à la paroi interne du tuyau T à obtenir. Le noyau 14 a une longueur ou hauteur supérieure à celle de la coquille 12 de manière que la jupe 15 se prolonge vers le bas au-delà de la coquille 12, sur une certaine hauteur de la filière 6, à la partie supérieure de celle-ci. La jupe 15 ménage ainsi avec la filière 6 un espace annulaire 16 correspondant à l'épaisseur du tuyau T à former, et ceci pour les raisons exposées plus loin. Intérieurement, pour des raisons exposées plus loin, le noyau 14 en sable poreux comporte obligatoirement un revêtement 17 imperméable à l'air et résistant à la température du métal ou de la fonte liquide. Ce revêtement 17 est par exemple une âme tubulaire en acier. Le revêtement 17 a la même longueur ou hauteur totale que le noyau 14 en sable poreux.The shell 12 comprises above the molding cavity proper an enlarged frustoconical bearing 13 of axis XX intended to receive the flange of an annular nesting core 14 made of porous molding sand, for example a hardened mixture of sand and thermosetting resin. The core 14 which gives the internal molding profile of the fitting of the pipe T comprises a tubular skirt 15 whose external wall corresponds to the internal wall of the pipe T to be obtained. The core 14 has a length or height greater than that of the shell 12 so that the skirt 15 extends downwards beyond the shell 12, over a certain height of the die 6, at the upper part thereof. this. The skirt 15 thus provides with the die 6 an annular space 16 corresponding to the thickness of the pipe T to be formed, and this for the reasons explained below. Internally, for reasons explained below, the core 14 made of porous sand necessarily has a coating 17 that is airtight and resistant to the temperature of metal or liquid iron. This coating 17 is for example a tubular steel core. The covering 17 has the same total length or height as the core 14 made of porous sand.

4. Moyens d'aspiration :4. Means of aspiration:

Le noyau 14 est appliqué sur sa portée 13 dans la coquille 12 par une plaque annulaire métallique 18 d'aspiration. La plaque 18 comporte une gorge annulaire d'aspiration 19 s'ouvrant vers la bride du noyau 14 en sable poreux, la gorge 19 étant adjacente à ladite bride. Dans la gorge 19 débouche un conduit 20 relié à travers un robinet 21 à une source d'aspiration non représentée. La plaque annulaire d'aspiration 18 est fixée à la coquille 12, par exemple par des vis.The core 14 is applied to its surface 13 in the shell 12 by a metallic annular suction plate 18. The plate 18 has an annular suction groove 19 opening towards the flange of the core 14 made of porous sand, the groove 19 being adjacent to said flange. In the groove 19 opens a conduit 20 connected through a tap 21 to a suction source not shown. The annular suction plate 18 is fixed to the shell 12, for example by screws.

5. L'extracteur:5. The extractor:

Il est représenté ici schématiquement et partiellement sous forme d'une plaque métallique circulaire 22 dite plaque de levage, d'axe XX, solidaire de la plaque d'aspiration 18 à laquelle elle est fixée par exemple par des vis, et solidaire d'une tige 23 de levage, d'axe XX, suspendue à un appareil de levage guidé verticalement, non représenté.It is shown here schematically and partially in the form of a circular metal plate 22 called a lifting plate, of axis XX, secured to the suction plate 18 to which it is fixed for example by screws, and secured to a lifting rod 23, of axis XX, suspended from a vertically guided lifting device, not shown.

Fonctionnement :Operation: 1. Alimentation en métal liquide (Fig. 1) :1. Liquid metal feed (Fig. 1):

Après montage de la coquille 12 du noyau 13, de la plaque d'aspiration 18 et de la plaque de levage 22 de l'extracteur, au-dessus de la filière 6 en graphite, de la fonte liquide est introduite suivant la flèche 24 dans l'entonnoir 5 de coulée. Le robinet 21 du conduit d'aspiration 20 est fermé. Le remplissage du socle 1 et du creuset constitué par la filière 6 est effectué jusqu'à ce que le niveau de fonte liquide N atteigne en N la partie supérieure de la filière 6 ou du creuset correspondant à la partie supérieure de la chemise annulaire de refroidissement 8. La chemise 8 est parcourue par un courant d'eau. Par le principe des vases communicants, le niveau N est le même dans la filière 6 et l'entonnoir 5. La jupe 15 du noyau 14 d'emboîtement ainsi que l'âme tubulaire 17 du noyau 14 sont immergées dans la fonte liquide, qui est contenue dans la capacité du creuset ou de la filière 6. L'immersion a lieu sous une certaine profondeur suffisante pour empêcher que, dans la phase suivante de moulage de l'emboîtement, de l'air emprisonné dans la cavité de l'âme tubulaire 17, ne soit aspiré par le conduit 20 en passant sous la jupe 15 et en traversant la fonte liquide puis l'espace annulaire 16 entre le noyau 14 et la coquille 12.After assembly of the shell 12 of the core 13, of the suction plate 18 and of the lifting plate 22 of the extractor, above the graphite die 6, liquid cast iron is introduced according to arrow 24 into the funnel 5 for casting. The valve 21 of the suction pipe 20 is closed. The base 1 and the crucible constituted by the die 6 are filled until the level of liquid iron N reaches at N the upper part of the die 6 or of the crucible corresponding to the upper part of the annular cooling jacket. 8. The jacket 8 is traversed by a stream of water. By the principle of communicating vessels, the level N is the same in the die 6 and the funnel 5. The skirt 15 of the nesting core 14 as well as the tubular core 17 of the core 14 are immersed in liquid iron, which is contained in the capacity of the crucible or of the die 6. The immersion takes place under a certain depth sufficient to prevent that, in the next phase of molding of the interlocking, air trapped in the cavity of the core tubular 17, is not sucked through the conduit 20 passing under the skirt 15 and passing through the liquid cast iron then the annular space 16 between the core 14 and the shell 12.

2. Moulage de l'emboîtement du tuyau T (Fig. 1 et 2) :2. Molding of the fitting of the pipe T (Fig. 1 and 2):

La coquille 12 étant en contact étanche à l'air avec la tranche supérieure de la filière 6, on ouvre le robinet d'aspiration 21 et l'on aspire l'air contenu dans l'espace annulaire 16 à l'aide du conduit 20 d'aspiration de la gorge circulaire 19, à travers la bride poreuse 14a du noyau. Grâce à l'âme imperméable 17 en acier, il n'y a aucun effet d'aspiration dans la cavité tubulaire située à l'intérieur de l'âme 17. Ainsi, l'aspiration est limitée à l'espace annulaire 16. Cette limitation d'aspiration est obtenue également grâce à l'immersion, sur une certaine hauteur, de la jupe 15 du noyau et de l'âme tubulaire correspondante 17, au-dessous du niveau N de la fonte liquide.The shell 12 being in airtight contact with the upper edge of the die 6, the suction valve 21 is opened and the air contained in the annular space 16 is aspirated using the conduit 20 suction of the circular groove 19, through the porous flange 14a of the core. Thanks to the waterproof steel core 17, there is no suction effect in the tubular cavity located inside the core 17. Thus, the suction is limited to the annular space 16. This suction limitation is also obtained by immersing, over a certain height, the skirt 15 of the core and the corresponding tubular core 17, below the level N of the liquid iron.

La fonte liquide monte rapidement dans l'espace annulaire 16 de l'emboîtement, qu'elle emplit jusqu'à la bride poreuse 14a du noyau 14. Le moulage de l'emboîtement est pratiquement instantané (durée inférieure à une seconde). Cor- rélativement, du fait du prélèvement de la fonte liquide contenue dans la capacité interne de la filière 6, le niveau baisse dans l'espace intérieur de l'âme tubulaire 17 et de la jupe 15 du noyau 14, et dans l'entonnoir 5. Cependant le niveau de fonte ne descend pas au-dessous de l'âme 17 et de la jupe 15 qui restent immergées dans la fonte liquide afin de conserver en quelque sorte un joint hydraulique étanche à l'air. L'emboîtement 16 ainsi moulé se solidifie à partir du haut, c'est-à-dire à partir de la bride 14a du noyau 14.Liquid iron rises rapidly in the annular space 16 of the socket, which it fills up to the porous flange 14a of the core 14. The molding of the socket is practically instantaneous (duration less than one second). Correspondingly, due to the removal of the liquid cast iron contained in the internal capacity of the die 6, the level drops in the interior space of the tubular core 17 and of the skirt 15 of the core 14, and in the funnel. 5. However, the level of cast iron does not drop below the core 17 and the skirt 15 which remain immersed in the liquid cast iron in order to preserve a sort of airtight hydraulic seal. The socket 16 thus molded solidifies from the top, that is to say from the flange 14a of the core 14.

3. Extraction discontinue d'un tube T :3. Discontinuous extraction of a tube T:

Afin de préparer l'extraction, on complète le niveau de fonte liquide qui vient de baisser, en versant de la fonte dans l'entonnoir 5 suivant la flèche 24 pendant la solidification de l'emboîtement. Lorsque l'emboîtement 16 est formé et solidifié, on ferme le robinet d'aspiration 21. La fonte liquide comprise dans l'espace annulaire entre la jupe 15 et la filière 6 (partie supérieure) et la coquille 12 (partie inférieure) se refroidit à la fois sous l'influence de la partie supérieure de la chemise de refroidissement 8 et sous l'influence de la coquille 12. Ce refroidissement se traduit par une solidification suivant un front de solidification S de forme à peu près tronconique, partant de la paroi de la filière 6 à hauteur de l'extrémité inférieure de l'enveloppe de refroidissement 8 pour converger vers l'axe vertical XX jusqu'à l'extrémité inférieure de la jupe 15 du noyau 14. A ce stade de solidification suivant le front S, on actionne l'extracteur, c'est-à-dire l'ensemble de la plaque de levage 22 et de la coquille 12, vers le haut (flèche f de la Fig. 4), tout en versant de la fonte liquide dans l'entonnoir 5 suivant la flèche 24 pour remplacer la fonte liquide qui va être entraînée hors du creuset 6. On veille ainsi à maintenir le niveau N de fonte liquide constant pendant l'extraction, un peu au-dessous de la partie supérieure de la filière 6, à une hauteur où la fonte est encore refroidie par l'enveloppe 8. L'extraction vers le haut de l'emboîtement solidifié E, en solidarité avec la coquille 12, la plaque d'aspiration 18, la plaque de levage de l'extracteur 22 et le noyau 14, est effectuée de manière discontinue, pas à pas. La coquille 12 s'éloigne pas à pas de la filière 6. Il est à noter que, simultanément à l'emboîtement E, une amorce de fût s'est formée dans l'espace annulaire 16 entre la jupe 15 du noyau 14 et la coquille 12. Cette amorce de fût s'amincit suivant à peu près le profil S jusqu'à l'extrémité inférieure de l'enveloppe de refroidissement 8 (Fig. 3 et 4).In order to prepare the extraction, the level of liquid iron which has just fallen is completed, by pouring iron into the funnel 5 along arrow 24 during the solidification of the socket. When the socket 16 is formed and solidified, the suction valve is closed 21. The liquid iron included in the annular space between the skirt 15 and the die 6 (upper part) and the shell 12 (lower part) cools both under the influence of the upper part of the cooling jacket 8 and under the influence of the shell 12. This cooling results in a solidification along a solidification front S of roughly frustoconical shape, starting from the wall of the die 6 at the level of the lower end of the cooling jacket 8 to converge towards the vertical axis XX to the lower end of the skirt 15 of the core 14. At this stage of solidification along the front S, the extractor is actuated, that is to say the whole of the lifting plate 22 and of the shell 12, upwards (arrow f in FIG. 4), while pouring liquid iron in the funnel 5 according to arrow 24 to replace the liquid iron which will be ent taken out of the crucible 6. Care is thus taken to keep the level N of liquid iron constant during the extraction, a little below the upper part of the die 6, at a height where the iron is still cooled by the envelope. 8. The upward extraction of the solidified socket E, in solidarity with the shell 12, the suction plate 18, the extractor lifting plate 22 and the core 14, is carried out discontinuously, not step by step. The shell 12 moves away step by step from the die 6. It should be noted that, simultaneously with the fitting E, a barrel primer has formed in the annular space 16 between the skirt 15 of the core 14 and the shell 12. This barrel primer tapers along roughly the profile S to the lower end of the cooling jacket 8 (Fig. 3 and 4).

La première course de montée de l'ensemble emboîtement E-coquille 12-noyau 14 correspond à une fraction de la hauteur de fonte en cours de solidification en dessous de l'amorce de fût entre jupe 15 et enveloppe 8. Elle est par exemple de un à plusieurs centimètres. L'amorce de fût s'allonge donc de quelques centimètres de fonte solidifiée prélevée dans le creuset 6. A la première course de courte durée succède un arrêt de refroidissement et de solidification de la fonte montée à la partie supérieure de la filière 6, qui s'effectue dans les mêmes conditions que précédemment et est suivi d'une deuxième course ascendante de même amplitude que la première. Les courses de même amplitude et les arrêts de même durée se succèdent ainsi de suite, tout en continuant de « nourrir le tube T en formation par un apport de fonte liquide dans l'entonnoir 5 suivant la flèche 24 (Fig. 4). Peu de temps après la première course, l'ensemble emboîtement E-coquille 12- noyau 14 est suffisamment éloigné du creuset à filière 6 pour que la jupe 15 du noyau 14 ne soit plus immergée dans la fonte liquide (Fig. 4). Il en résulte que la fonte en cours de solidification est celle qui, au niveau N, est refroidie extérieurement par la chemise 8 et intérieurement par l'ambiance intérieure à la cavité du noyau 14 et de l'amorce de tuyau T. Le front de solidification S s'étend jusqu'à hauteur de l'extrémité inférieure de la chemise de refroidissement 8 où l'épaisseur de fonte solidifiée est nulle.The first climb stroke of the E-shell 12-core 14 interlocking assembly corresponds to a fraction of the height of cast iron being solidified below the barrel leader between skirt 15 and casing 8. It is for example of one to several centimeters. The beginning of the barrel therefore lengthens by a few centimeters of solidified cast iron taken from crucible 6. At the first stroke of short duration succeeds a stop of cooling and solidification of the cast iron mounted at the upper part of the die 6, which is carried out under the same conditions as above and is followed by a second upward stroke of the same amplitude as the first. The races of the same amplitude and the stops of the same duration follow one another thus, while continuing to "feed the tube T in formation by a supply of liquid iron in the funnel 5 according to arrow 24 (Fig. 4). Shortly after the first race, the E-shell 12-core 14 interlocking assembly is sufficiently distant from the die crucible 6 so that the skirt 15 of the core 14 is no longer immersed in the liquid iron (FIG. 4). As a result, the cast iron in the course of solidification is that which, at level N, is cooled externally by the jacket 8 and internally by the atmosphere internal to the cavity of the core 14 and of the pipe primer T. The front of solidification S extends to the height of the lower end of the cooling jacket 8 where the thickness of solidified cast iron is zero.

La levée ou l'extraction ascendante pas à pas se poursuit pour entraîner une nouvelle portion tubulaire de faible hauteur à la suite de la portion solide adjacente de tuyau T. Ces montées sont interrompues par des arrêts de solidification. La paroi extérieure du tuyau T qui se forme épouse la paroi intérieure de la filière 6. La paroi intérieure du tuyau T qui se forme n'épouse plus aucune paroi puisqu'il n'y a plus de noyau. Simultanément, l'alimentation en source, en fonte liquide, se poursuit par versement de fonte suivant la flèche 24 pour compenser le prélèvement de fonte à la partie supérieure du creuset à filière 6, et pour maintenir constant le niveau N en dessous de la partie supérieure de la filière 6, à une hauteur encore soumise à l'influence de l'enveloppe 8, de manière à maintenir les conditions de refroidissement en vue de former un fût de tuyau T régulier. Lorsque le tuyau T obtenu a une longueur de fût jugée suffisante, on cesse de verser de la fonte liquide en 24 et l'on procède à la vidange rapide de la fonte liquide contenue dans le creuset à filière 6 par exemple par un orifice non représenté, pratiqué dans l'axe XX au-dessous du pied de conduit de coulée 3, et muni d'un tiroir de fermeture.The lifting or ascending extraction step by step continues to cause a new tubular portion of low height following the adjacent solid portion of pipe T. These ascents are interrupted by solidification stops. The outside wall of the pipe T which forms follows the inside wall of the die 6. The inside wall of the pipe T which forms no longer marries any wall since there is no longer any core. Simultaneously, the source supply, in liquid iron, continues by pouring iron in the direction of arrow 24 to compensate for the removal of iron from the upper part of the die crucible 6, and to keep constant the level N below the part upper of the die 6, at a height still subject to the influence of the casing 8, so as to maintain the cooling conditions with a view to forming a regular pipe barrel T. When the pipe T obtained has a length of barrel deemed sufficient, the pouring of liquid iron is stopped at 24 and the liquid iron contained in the die crucible 6 is rapidly emptied out, for example through an orifice not shown. , practiced in axis XX below the bottom of the casting conduit 3, and provided with a closing drawer.

On lève alors le tuyau T d'une hauteur telle que son extrémité inférieure sorte de la filière 6. Après la vidange rapide précitée, on sectionne l'extrémité inférieure de façon que le tuyau T ait une longueur précise et que la tranche d'extrémité inférieure sectionnée soit régulière, éventuellement profilée.The pipe T is then raised to a height such that its lower end leaves the die 6. After the abovementioned rapid emptying, the lower end is cut so that the pipe T has a precise length and the end edge lower section is regular, possibly profiled.

Pour démouler le tuyau T, on détache le tuyau T, la coquille 12 et le noyau 14 de la plaque d'aspiration 18 et l'on évacue le tuyau T.To release the pipe T, the pipe T, the shell 12 and the core 14 are detached from the suction plate 18 and the pipe T is removed.

Pour dégager l'emboîtement E, on retire la coquille 12 en la faisant glisser le long du fût du tuyau T et hors du fût et l'on casse le noyau 14 en sable en récupérant l'âme tubulaire 17 en acier.To release the socket E, the shell 12 is removed by sliding it along the barrel of the pipe T and out of the barrel and the core 14 is broken in sand by recovering the tubular core 17 in steel.

Par ailleurs, on fixe sous la plaque d'aspiration 18 une autre coquille 12 portant un noyau 14 neuf, et l'on remet en place le nouvel ensemble coquille 12-noyau 14 en appui sur la tranche supérieure de la filière 6, dans la position de la Fig. 1.Furthermore, another shell 12 carrying a new core 14 is fixed under the suction plate 18, and the new shell 12-core 14 assembly is put back in place on the upper edge of the die 6, in the position of Fig. 1.

En résumé, le procédé de l'invention consiste à faire monter le métal liquide (par aspiration) dans un espace annulaire 16 entre coquille 12 et noyau 14 donnant la forme de l'emboîtement du tuyau et d'un début de fût d'épaisseur e à partir d'un réservoir de métal liquide (creuset ou filière 6) alimenté en source, à faire solidifier le métal liquide à partir du haut dans cet espace annulaire et suivant une pellicule ou peau en contact avec la paroi du réservoir ou de la filière du creuset 6 que l'on refroidit, la peau ayant une épaisseur décroissante vers le bas ou croissante vers le haut jusqu'à une valeur maximale e égale à la largeur annulaire du fût entre jupe 15 du noyau 14 et coquille 12, à laisser ladite peau s'épaissir avec le temps par solidification jusqu'à ladite valeur maximale e, et à extraire régulièrement pas à pas cette peau solide vers le haut en prélevant le métal liquide du creuset ou de la filière 6 en continuant d'alimenter le creuset en métal liquide. Dans cet exemple, on compense le prélèvement de métal hors du creuset en maintenant constant le niveau de métal liquide par alimentation en source, par siphon.In summary, the method of the invention consists in causing the liquid metal to rise (by suction) in an annular space 16 between shell 12 and core 14 giving the form of the fitting of the pipe and the start of a thick barrel e from a source of liquid metal (crucible or die 6) supplied from the source, to solidify the liquid metal from the top in this annular space and according to a film or skin in contact with the wall of the tank or of the die of crucible 6 which is cooled, the skin having a thickness decreasing downwards or increasing upwards up to a maximum value e equal to the annular width of the barrel between skirt 15 of core 14 and shell 12, to be left said skin thicken over time by solidification up to said maximum value e, and to regularly extract step by step this solid skin upwards by removing the liquid metal from the crucible or from die 6 while continuing to feed the crucible made of liquid metal. In this example, the removal of metal from the crucible is compensated by keeping the level of liquid metal constant by source supply, by siphon.

Avantages :Benefits :

Grâce à l'aspiration vers le haut combinée avec l'alimentation ascendante en fonte liquide pour former l'emboîtement, on réalise un remplissage à la fois par aspiration et sous pression de l'espace annulaire 16 entre la coquille 12 et le noyau poreux 14, c'est-à-dire un remplissage complet sans laisser de poches ni de bulles de gaz ou d'air emprisonnées dans l'espace 16.Thanks to the upward suction combined with the ascending supply of liquid iron to form the interlocking, filling is carried out both by suction and under pressure of the annular space 16 between the shell 12 and the porous core 14 , i.e. complete filling without leaving pockets or bubbles of gas or air trapped in space 16.

Grâce à la perméabilité à l'air du noyau 14 poreux, grâce à l'immersion de la jupe 15 du noyau 14 dans la fonte liquide et grâce à l'âme tubulaire 17 en acier imperméable à l'air, l'aspiration est rendue possible et est limitée à l'espace annulaire 16 entre la coquille 12 et le noyau 14.Thanks to the air permeability of the porous core 14, thanks to the immersion of the skirt 15 of the core 14 in liquid cast iron and thanks to the tubular core 17 made of airtight steel, the suction is made possible and is limited to the annular space 16 between the shell 12 and the core 14.

Grâce à l'alimentation de métal liquide en source, par le système des vases communicants constitué par le creuset à filière 6, et le conduit de coulée 2, 3, 4 et 5, c'est une fonte liquide saine, exempte de traces ou corps étrangers qui est amenée vers le haut pour former le tuyau T, les crasses surnageant à la surface libre de l'entonnoir de coulée 5.Thanks to the supply of liquid metal at source, by the system of communicating vessels constituted by the crucible with die 6, and the casting conduit 2, 3, 4 and 5, it is a healthy liquid cast iron, free of traces or foreign body which is brought upwards to form the pipe T, dross floating on the free surface of the pouring funnel 5.

Grâce à la combinaison de la coquille 12 et de la filière 6, d'une part, pour la paroi extérieure, et du noyau 14 à longue jupe 15 pour la paroi intérieure, on obtient une amorce de fût de tuyau de très bel état de surface au voisinage de l'emboîtement, donc une liaison très saine entre emboîtement E et fût.Thanks to the combination of the shell 12 and the die 6, on the one hand, for the external wall, and of the core 14 with long skirt 15 for the internal wall, one obtains a primer of barrel of pipe of very good state of surface in the vicinity of the socket, therefore a very healthy connection between socket E and barrel.

Ce bel état de surface se prolonge non seulement extérieurement, grâce à la filière 6, lorsque le noyau 14 s'est éloigné de la filière 6 (Fig. 4) mais encore intérieurement, malgré l'absence de noyau 14, grâce au maintien en température de l'extrémité inférieure non refroidie de la filière 6 au contact du métal liquide et de la plaque 11, grâce aux montées régulières, de faible amplitude, entrecoupées d'arrêts réguliers de refroidissement assurant des conditions régulières de formage de sections annulaires solidifiées de fût à la partie supérieure de la filière 6 et grâce aux conditions thermiques régulières de solidification.This beautiful surface finish extends not only externally, thanks to the die 6, when the core 14 has moved away from the die 6 (Fig. 4) but also internally, despite the absence of the core 14, thanks to the maintenance in temperature of the uncooled lower end of the die 6 in contact with the liquid metal and the plate 11, thanks to the regular ascents, of small amplitude, interspersed with regular cooling stops ensuring regular conditions for forming annular sections solidified from barrel to the upper part of the die 6 and thanks to the regular thermal conditions of solidification.

Grâce à ce procédé et à cette installation, on obtient un tuyau en fonte T à emboîtement E dont le fût a une faible épaisseur par rapport au diamètre, par exemple une épaisseur de 4 mm pour un tuyau de diamètre 80 mm, une épaisseur de 7 mm pour un tuyau de diamètre 300 mm, ledit diamètre de tuyau étant le diamètre intérieur de la filière 6.Thanks to this process and to this installation, one obtains a cast iron pipe T with interlocking E whose barrel has a small thickness compared to the diameter, for example a thickness of 4 mm for a pipe of diameter 80 mm, a thickness of 7 mm for a pipe with a diameter of 300 mm, said pipe diameter being the inside diameter of the die 6.

Ce procédé et cette installation assurent une cadence de production élevée, avec des moyens de production relativement simples et de fonctionnement facile.This process and this installation ensure a high production rate, with relatively simple production means and easy operation.

Grâce à la plaque annulaire isolante 11, qui empêche le refroidissement du socle 1 et de son conduit 2 à partir de l'enveloppe 8, le fond du creuset n'est pas refroidi, de sorte que c'est toujours une fonte liquide chaude qui peut monter vers la partie supérieure du creuset à filière 6.Thanks to the insulating annular plate 11, which prevents the cooling of the base 1 and its conduit 2 from the casing 8, the bottom of the crucible is not cooled, so that it is always a hot liquid iron which can rise to the upper part of the die crucible 6.

Grâce au bloc-siphon 1-2-3-4-5, seule la charge utile de fonte pour la confection d'un tuyau T en fonte est nécessaire (au volume près de la fonte contenue dans le bloc-siphon 1-2-3-4-5 qui est à vidanger en fin de coulée d'un tuyau T, donc à récupérer).Thanks to the siphon block 1-2-3-4-5, only the payload of cast iron for making a T pipe in cast iron is necessary (to the volume near the cast iron contained in the siphon block 1-2- 3-4-5 which is to be drained at the end of the pouring of a pipe T, therefore to be recovered).

Variantes :Variants:

Pour éviter d'avoir à faire glisser la coquille 12 tout le long du fût du tuyau T lors du démoulage, on laisse la coquille 12 en place sur la filière 6 lors de l'extraction (Fig. 5, 6 et 7) et l'on prévoit des moyens internes de préhension et d'extraction du tuyau T en formation.To avoid having to slide the shell 12 all along the barrel of the pipe T during demolding, the shell 12 is left in place on the die 6 during extraction (Fig. 5, 6 and 7) and l 'internal means are provided for gripping and extracting the pipe T in formation.

A cet effet (Fig. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) est prévue une coquille 25 similaire à la coquille 12 mais présentant les modifications suivantes : elle comporte à sa partie inférieure de plus faible diamètre une bride 26 destinée à être fixée sur la tranche supérieure de l'enveloppe de refroidissement 8 par des vis. De plus, au lieu d'être fixée à sa partie supérieure de plus grand diamètre à la plaque annulaire d'aspiration 18, la coquille 25 porte sur sa tranche d'extrémité supérieure un cordon d'étanchéité 27, par exemple en mastic ou silicone, ou en colle de résine époxy destinée à jointoyer de manière étanche à l'air la plaque 18 et la coquille 25 sans empêcher le détachement et l'éloignement de la plaque 18 lors de l'extraction. Par ailleurs, pour réaliser des moyens internes de préhension de l'emboîtement E du tuyau T en formation, le noyau 14 est pourvu d'une jupe 15a modifiée de la manière suivante (Fig. 7, 8, 9) : la jupe 15a est échancrée à sa partie inférieure, à intervalles réguliers sur son pourtour, et ses échancrures sont emplies jusqu'à l'affleurement avec la tranche d'extrémité inférieure de l'âme tubulaire 17a par des portions d'embouts métalliques 28 en forme de secteurs cylindriques, par exemple au nombre de quatre ou de six. Ces portions d'embouts 28 constituant des mâchoires internes comportent sur leur face concave interne en contact avec l'âme 17a une portion de nervure circulaire 29 en saillie sur ladite face concave et en prise de manière amovible sur une gorge circulaire continue 30 de l'âme tubulaire 17a ; les portions de nervures 29 sont donc placées au voisinage de la jupe 15a du noyau 14. Les portions d'embouts 28 comportent sur leur face convexe externe, qui prolonge et affleure la paroi convexe externe de la jupe 15a, une protubérance d'accrochage 31 à profil démoulable, par exemple sous forme d'une paire de portions de bourrelets circulaires 31 en saillie par rapport aux parois convexes externes de la jupe 15a et des portions d'embouts 28.For this purpose (Fig. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9) is provided a shell 25 similar to the shell 12 but having the following modifications: it comprises at its lower part of smaller diameter a flange 26 intended to be fixed on the upper edge of the cooling jacket 8 by screws. In addition, instead of being fixed at its upper part of larger diameter to the annular suction plate 18, the shell 25 carries on its upper end edge a sealing bead 27, for example made of mastic or silicone , or in epoxy resin adhesive intended to seal the plate 18 and the shell 25 in an airtight manner without preventing the detachment and the removal of the plate 18 during extraction. Furthermore, to produce internal means for gripping the socket E of the pipe T in formation, the core 14 is provided with a skirt 15a modified in the following manner (Fig. 7, 8, 9): the skirt 15a is indented at its lower part, at regular intervals around its periphery, and its indentations are filled until they are flush with the lower end edge of the tubular core 17a by portions of metal end pieces 28 in the form of cylindrical sectors , for example four or six. These end portions 28 constituting internal jaws have on their internal concave face in contact with the core 17a a portion of circular rib 29 projecting from said concave face and engaging in a removable manner on a continuous circular groove 30 of the tubular core 17a; the rib portions 29 are therefore placed in the vicinity of the skirt 15a of the core 14. The end portions 28 have on their external convex face, which extends and is flush with the external convex wall of the skirt 15a, a hooking protuberance 31 with a demoldable profile, for example in the form of a pair of portions of circular beads 31 projecting from the external convex walls of the skirt 15a and portions of end pieces 28.

L'âme métallique 17a est elle-même échancrée par des créneaux 32 régulièrement répartis sur le pourtour circulaire, qui sont comblés par des languettes de sable à noyau complémentaires 33 faisant partie de la jupe 15a du noyau 14. Chaque languette de sable 33 a un angle au centre au moins égal à celui des portions d'embouts 28. Les languettes de sable 33 en nombre égal aux portions d'embouts 28 sont également pourvues de bourrelets d'accrochage 31 de profil identique aux bourrelets 31 dont sont pourvues les portions d'embouts 28 de manière à former une paire de bourrelets circulaires 31 complets.The metallic core 17a is itself indented by slots 32 regularly distributed over the circular periphery, which are filled by tongues of sand with complementary core 33 forming part of the skirt 15a of the core 14. Each tab of sand 33 has a angle at the center at least equal to that of the end portions 28. The sand tongues 33 in number equal to the end portions 28 are also provided with attachment beads 31 of identical profile to the beads 31 with which the portions d ends 28 so as to form a pair of complete circular beads 31.

La formation du tuyau T à emboîtement E est analogue à celle de l'exemple précédent. La différence de fonctionnement réside dans l'entraînement du tuyau T en cours de formation lors de l'extraction et dans le démoulage : dès que la plaque 18 solidaire de l'extracteur est élevée à l'aide de la tige de levage 23 non représentée (Fig. 6), elle s'éloigne de la coquille 25 qui reste fixée à l'enveloppe de refroidissement 8 par sa bride 26 cependant qu'elle entraîne vers le haut l'emboîtement E par le noyau 14 et par les portions d'embouts 28 ainsi que les languettes de sable à noyau 33. En fin de coulée, pour démouler le tuyau T, on fait tourner le tuyau autour de l'axe XX par rapport à la plaque annulaire 18 en vue de casser le noyau 14 et les languettes 33 et de faire occuper les emplacements vides laissés par les languettes 33, par les portions d'embouts 28 qui, à la première traction du tuyau T par rapport à la plaque 18, peuvent s'escamoter de manière centripète. Le tuyau T se trouve donc libéré de la coquille 25 au cours de l'extraction puisqu'il glisse à l'intérieur de celle-ci, lors de l'extraction, ce qui évite une opération supplémentaire d'enlèvement de la coquille 25 le long du fût une fois que le tuyau T est complètement formé.The formation of the interlocking pipe T E is similar to that of the previous example. The difference in operation lies in the entrainment of the pipe T being formed during extraction and in demolding: as soon as the plate 18 integral with the extractor is raised using the lifting rod 23 not shown. (Fig. 6), it moves away from the shell 25 which remains fixed to the cooling jacket 8 by its flange 26 however that it causes upward the fitting E by the core 14 and by the portions of end pieces 28 as well as the core sand tabs 33. At the end of casting, to demold the pipe T, the pipe is rotated around the axis XX relative to the annular plate 18 in order to break the core 14 and the tongues 33 and to occupy the empty locations left by the tongues 33, by the portions of end pieces 28 which, at the first pull of the pipe T relative to the plate 18, can retract centripetally. The pipe T is therefore released from the shell 25 during the extraction since it slides inside the latter, during the extraction, which avoids an additional operation of removing the shell 25 on along the barrel once the T pipe is fully formed.

Suivant une autre variante (Fig. 10), le bloc-siphon 1-2-3-4-5 est remplacé par une poche de coulée sous pression 34 de type théière, à goulotte de remplissage oblique 35 fermée par un couvercle 36. Un tube de coulée vertical 37 en matériau réfractaire traverse la paroi supérieure de la poche 34 fermée. Il plonge presque au fond de la poche 34 et fait saillie au-dessus de la paroi supérieure sur une courte longueur suivant laquelle il est entouré et renforcé d'une buse tronconique 38 d'axe XX de raccordement avec un emboîtement tronconique complémentaire 39 d'axe XX à la partie inférieure du socle 1a pour faire communiquer le tube de coulée 37 avec la cavité du creuset ou de la filière 6.According to another variant (Fig. 10), the siphon block 1-2-3-4-5 is replaced by a pressure casting pocket 34 of the teapot type, with oblique filling chute 35 closed by a cover 36. A vertical pouring tube 37 made of refractory material passes through the upper wall of the closed pocket 34. It almost dives to the bottom of the pocket 34 and protrudes above the upper wall over a short length along which it is surrounded and reinforced with a frustoconical nozzle 38 of axis XX of connection with a complementary frustoconical interlocking 39 of axis XX to the part lower of the base 1a for communicating the pouring tube 37 with the cavity of the crucible or of the die 6.

Un conduit 40 en communication avec l'intérieur de la poche 34 à la partie supérieure de celle-ci, au-dessus du niveau du métal liquide M (de la fonte, par exemple) est relié sous la commande d'un robinet 41 à une source de gaz comprimé (par exemple de l'air comprimé) ou à une décharge.A conduit 40 in communication with the interior of the pocket 34 at the top of the latter, above the level of the liquid metal M (of cast iron, for example) is connected under the control of a tap 41 to a source of compressed gas (e.g. compressed air) or to a landfill.

La plaque annulaire 18a est modifiée par rapport à la plaque 18 par suppression de la gorge 19 et du conduit 20 d'aspiration.The annular plate 18a is modified relative to the plate 18 by removing the groove 19 and the suction duct 20.

Pour former un tuyau T à emboîtement, on procède comme dans le premier exemple mais avec un mode différent d'alimentation en métal liquide. On emplit d'abord l'espace annulaire 16 en élevant la pression dans la poche de coulée 34 pour faire monter la fonte liquide dans le tube 37 et emplir tout l'espace 16, et l'on augmente sans cesse la pression tout en faisant monter par à- coups l'emboîtement E obtenu, comme dans le premier exemple. L'espace annulaire 16 n'est donc plus empli par aspiration.To form a pipe T with interlocking, the procedure is as in the first example but with a different mode of supply of liquid metal. The annular space 16 is first filled by raising the pressure in the ladle 34 to cause the liquid iron to rise in the tube 37 and filling all the space 16, and the pressure is constantly increased while making jog the fitting E obtained, as in the first example. The annular space 16 is therefore no longer filled by suction.

On ne relâche brutalement la pression dans le conduit 40 que lorsque le tuyau T a atteint une longueur suffisante.The pressure in the pipe 40 is only suddenly released when the pipe T has reached a sufficient length.

Dans cette variante, la coquille 12 peut être également remplacée par la coquille d'emboîtement 25, et le noyau 14 à jupe 15 par le noyau 14 à jupe 15a comme aux Fig. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.In this variant, the shell 12 can also be replaced by the interlocking shell 25, and the core 14 with skirt 15 by the core 14 with skirt 15a as in FIGS. 5, 6, 7, 8, 9.

Dans une autre variante applicable au premier mode d'alimentation en fonte liquide à l'aide d'un bloc-siphon 1-2-3-4-5, au lieu d'amener la fonte liquide en source par le fond 7 suivant l'axe XX de la filière 6, on peut amener la fonte liquide par le fond 7 tangentiellement à la filière 6.In another variant applicable to the first method of supplying liquid iron using a siphon block 1-2-3-4-5, instead of bringing the liquid iron source from the bottom 7 along the axis XX of the die 6, it is possible to bring the liquid cast iron through the bottom 7 tangentially to the die 6.

Enfin, la température du bloc-siphon 1-2-3-4-5 est contrôlable et même susceptible d'être élevée par un chauffage par induction électrique notamment du conduit 2-3.Finally, the temperature of the siphon block 1-2-3-4-5 is controllable and even likely to be raised by heating by electrical induction, in particular of the duct 2-3.

Claims (17)

1. Method for the continuous vertical bottom casting of a cast-iron pipe of the type in which one uses a reservoir-crucible supplied with molten metal from the bottom, the said reservoir-crucible have a cylindrical wall constituting a die (6) providing the shape of the body of the pipe (T), the die (6) is cooled externally and a tubular body is produced by ascending extraction of solidified metal, step by step, from the die (6), this method being characterised in that for the production of a pipe comprising a socket, one firstly forms the socket (E) and the beginning of the body by causing the molten cast-iron to rise in the annular space (16) comprised between a chill-mould (12) producing the external shape of the socket and a core (14) providing the internal shape of the socket.
2. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that in order to form the socket, the cast-iron is made to rise by suction above the reservoir-crucible constituting the die (6).
3. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that at the time of casting of the socket, one closes off the lower part of the annular space (16) to be filled with cast-iron in order to form the said socket by means of a hydraulic joint of molten cast-iron which is air-tight.
4. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that in order to form the socket, the cast-iron is made to rise under low gas pressure, without suction.
5. Method according to Claim 1, characterised in that, for the extraction of the pipe being formed, traction is exerted on the solidified socket from the interior of the latter.
6. Installation for continuous vertical bottom casting for carrying out the method according to Claim 1, this installation of the type comprising a crucible constituted by a tubular die (6) and by a base (1) of refractory material in which a pipe (3) for supplying molten cast-iron opens out, being characterised in that, the tubular die (6) is surmounted by a steel chill-mould (12) providing the external shape of the socket (E) and supporting a socket core (14) of porous refractory material which is permeable to gases, providing the internal shape of the socket (E) and beginning that of the cylindrical cavity of the body of the pipe (T) to be produced, the said chill-mould (12) and the said socket core (14) flaring out in an upwards direction co-axially with respect to the tubular die (6), the said core (14) comprising a tubular skirt (15) immersed by its lower end over a certain depth, corresponding to part of the height of the die (6) and to the beginning of the body of the pipe (T) to be produced.
7. Installation according to Claim 6, characterised in that the skirt (15) of the core (14) extends in facing relationship to the chill-mould (12) and the die (6), the annular core (14) being covered internally over its entire length by a covering (17) which is impermeable to air and heat-resistant.
8. Installation according to Claim 7, characterised in that the covering (17) is a tubular steel core.
9. Installation according to Claim 6, characterised in that the tubular core (14) has a flange (14a) for support and suspension in a housing (13) of the chill-mould (12) and for the passage of air and gases sucked towards an adjacent annular groove (19) and a pipe (20) for suction through a suction plate (18) which also serves for fixing the core (14) to the chill-mould (12).
10. Installation according to Claim 9, characterised in that it comprises a lifting plate (22) integral with a lifting apparatus or ascending extractor and integral with the suction plate (18) and the arrangement of the chill-mould (12) and core (14).
11. Installation according to Claim 6, characterised in that the die (6) is surrounded by a water jacket (18) which, with the upper terminal edge of the die (6) supports the chill-mould (12).
12. Installation according to Claim 6, characterised in that a sealing bead (6a), to prevent the penetration of air, is compressed between the die (6) and the chill-mould (12).
13. Installation according to Claim 6, characterised in that a steel chill-mould (25) providing the external shape of the socket (E) is fixed to the die (6), but not fixed to the suction plate (18) for supporting the core (14), the core (14) thus comprising internal means (28, 31, 33) for gripping and extracting the solidified socket (E).
14. Installation according to Claim 13, characterised in that an air-tight sealing bead (27) is compressed between the chill-mould (25) and the suction plate (18).
15. Installation according to Claim 13, characterised in that the internal means for gripping and extracting the socket (E) provided on the core (14) are provided on the lower end of the skirt (15a) of the core (14), the said skirt (15a) comprising a certain number of mouth-piece portions (28) constituting internal jaws and alternating with tongues of sand (33) of the skirt (15a), the said mouth-pieces (28) being in removable engagement with the tubular core (17a) of the core (14).
16. Installation according to Claims 13 and 15, characterised in that the metal mouth-piece portions (28) in the form of cylindrical sectors, comprise on their inner concave face in contact with the core (17a), a circular rib portion (29) projecting on the said concave face and in removable engagement with a continuous circular groove (30) of the tubular core (17a) and they comprise on their outer convex face, which extends and lies flush with the outer convex wall of the skirt (15a), an engagement protuberance (31) having a profile which can be stripped, projecting with respect to their outer convex wall.
17. Installation according to Claims 13 and 15, characterised in that the tubular metal core (17a) is notched by indentations (32) uniformly distributed on the circular periphery, which are filled by tongues of sand (33) forming part of the skirt (15a) of the core (14), each tongue of sand (33) alternating with a mouth-piece portion (28) and having an angle at the centre at least equal to that of each mouth-piece portion (28) and each tongue of sand being provided with engagement protuberances (31) of the same profile as the engagement protuberances of the mouth-piece portions (28) of which they ensure circular continuity, the number of tongues.of sand (33) being equal to the metal mouth-piece portions (28).
EP84107854A 1983-07-12 1984-07-05 Process and installation for the continuous casting of cast iron socket tubes Expired EP0131263B1 (en)

Priority Applications (1)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
AT84107854T ATE29404T1 (en) 1983-07-12 1984-07-05 METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUS CASTING OF CAST-IRON SOCKET PIPES.

Applications Claiming Priority (2)

Application Number Priority Date Filing Date Title
FR8311788A FR2548935B1 (en) 1983-07-12 1983-07-12 PROCESS AND INSTALLATION FOR THE CONTINUOUS CASTING OF A CAST IRON PIPE
FR8311788 1983-07-12

Publications (2)

Publication Number Publication Date
EP0131263A1 EP0131263A1 (en) 1985-01-16
EP0131263B1 true EP0131263B1 (en) 1987-09-09

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ID=9290849

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Application Number Title Priority Date Filing Date
EP84107854A Expired EP0131263B1 (en) 1983-07-12 1984-07-05 Process and installation for the continuous casting of cast iron socket tubes

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US (1) US4611651A (en)
EP (1) EP0131263B1 (en)
JP (1) JPS6054265A (en)
KR (1) KR900002034B1 (en)
AT (1) ATE29404T1 (en)
AU (1) AU572524B2 (en)
BR (1) BR8403462A (en)
CA (1) CA1205274A (en)
CZ (1) CZ279835B6 (en)
DD (1) DD220527A5 (en)
DE (1) DE3465905D1 (en)
EG (1) EG16580A (en)
ES (1) ES534229A0 (en)
FI (1) FI74896C (en)
FR (1) FR2548935B1 (en)
IN (1) IN161533B (en)
MX (1) MX167420B (en)
PL (1) PL141488B1 (en)
RO (1) RO89018A (en)
SU (1) SU1395135A3 (en)
UA (1) UA5951A1 (en)
YU (2) YU43848B (en)
ZA (1) ZA844915B (en)

Cited By (2)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105964965A (en) * 2016-06-02 2016-09-28 高原 Continuous-casting one-step forming process of lock bodies
CN106392026A (en) * 2016-11-07 2017-02-15 南昌专腾科技有限公司 Metal composite material forming device and process

Families Citing this family (9)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
DE3736956A1 (en) * 1986-12-22 1988-07-07 Heide Hein Engineering & Desig METHOD AND DEVICE FOR CONTINUOUSLY CASTING METAL STRINGS FROM HIGH-MELTING METALS, ESPECIALLY STEEL STRANDS
GB8703231D0 (en) * 1987-02-12 1987-03-18 Wilson R Casting furnaces
GB8808186D0 (en) * 1988-04-08 1988-05-11 Wilson R Continuous casting
US5575422A (en) * 1994-07-12 1996-11-19 Peterman; Glenn Extruded reinforced mailbox
DE4426705C1 (en) * 1994-07-20 1995-09-07 Mannesmann Ag Inversion casting installation with a crystalliser
FR2751250B1 (en) * 1996-07-17 1998-08-21 Pont A Mousson DEVICE FOR CLAMPING A CASTING TABLE OF A VERTICAL CONTINUOUS CASTING MACHINE OF PIECES, IN PARTICULAR TUBES, IN CAST IRON
KR100405515B1 (en) * 2000-12-22 2003-11-14 재단법인 포항산업과학연구원 Steel Ingot Casting Method using Auxiliary Mold
GB0403411D0 (en) * 2003-11-25 2004-03-24 Unilever Plc Process to prepare a shaped solid detergent
CN109513890B (en) * 2018-10-10 2020-06-26 西安理工大学 Preparation method of hollow cast iron pipe with A-type graphite structure

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DE804840C (en) * 1948-10-28 1951-04-30 Ernst Teschner Dipl Ing Process for the continuous casting of hollow strings
DE958950C (en) * 1951-04-27 1957-02-28 Eisenwerke Gelsenkirchen Ag Start-up for continuous casting
BE553248A (en) * 1956-03-15
US3287773A (en) * 1963-12-03 1966-11-29 Amsted Ind Inc Method of level control for continuous casting
FR1504671A (en) * 1966-10-20 1967-12-08 Amsted Ind Inc Continuous casting process
FI46810C (en) * 1969-12-15 1973-07-10 Outokumpu Oy Device for upward drainage of rods, plates, pipes, etc.
GB1562003A (en) * 1977-07-05 1980-03-05 Mogilev Fiz Tekhn I Akad Nauk Continuous casting of hollow strands
JPS5785656A (en) * 1980-11-19 1982-05-28 Kawasaki Steel Corp Method for producing plural hollow blank materials for pipe making simultaneously
SE443524B (en) * 1982-02-12 1986-03-03 Uralsky Politekhn Inst SEMI-CONTINUOUS CASTING MACHINE

Cited By (3)

* Cited by examiner, † Cited by third party
Publication number Priority date Publication date Assignee Title
CN105964965A (en) * 2016-06-02 2016-09-28 高原 Continuous-casting one-step forming process of lock bodies
CN106392026A (en) * 2016-11-07 2017-02-15 南昌专腾科技有限公司 Metal composite material forming device and process
CN106392026B (en) * 2016-11-07 2018-05-08 南昌专腾科技有限公司 Metallic composite molding machine and technique

Also Published As

Publication number Publication date
AU572524B2 (en) 1988-05-12
YU117687A (en) 1990-10-31
IN161533B (en) 1987-12-19
FI842759A (en) 1985-01-13
FR2548935A1 (en) 1985-01-18
FR2548935B1 (en) 1986-07-11
US4611651A (en) 1986-09-16
KR900002034B1 (en) 1990-03-31
ATE29404T1 (en) 1987-09-15
BR8403462A (en) 1985-06-25
FI74896B (en) 1987-12-31
EG16580A (en) 1990-12-30
PL141488B1 (en) 1987-07-31
RO89018A (en) 1986-04-30
CA1205274A (en) 1986-06-03
DE3465905D1 (en) 1987-10-15
YU43848B (en) 1989-12-31
CZ279835B6 (en) 1995-07-12
YU45825B (en) 1992-07-20
CZ541684A3 (en) 1995-04-12
ZA844915B (en) 1985-02-27
MX167420B (en) 1993-03-22
EP0131263A1 (en) 1985-01-16
FI842759A0 (en) 1984-07-10
YU121284A (en) 1988-04-30
KR850002784A (en) 1985-05-20
DD220527A5 (en) 1985-04-03
JPS6054265A (en) 1985-03-28
SU1395135A3 (en) 1988-05-07
JPH0120950B2 (en) 1989-04-19
ES8504514A1 (en) 1985-04-16
PL248670A1 (en) 1985-04-09
ES534229A0 (en) 1985-04-16
AU3036584A (en) 1985-01-17
FI74896C (en) 1988-04-11
UA5951A1 (en) 1994-12-29

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