EP0126696A1 - Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von überaltertem Stahlband, beschichtet mit Zink oder mit einer Aluminium-Zink-Legierung - Google Patents
Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von überaltertem Stahlband, beschichtet mit Zink oder mit einer Aluminium-Zink-Legierung Download PDFInfo
- Publication number
- EP0126696A1 EP0126696A1 EP84401067A EP84401067A EP0126696A1 EP 0126696 A1 EP0126696 A1 EP 0126696A1 EP 84401067 A EP84401067 A EP 84401067A EP 84401067 A EP84401067 A EP 84401067A EP 0126696 A1 EP0126696 A1 EP 0126696A1
- Authority
- EP
- European Patent Office
- Prior art keywords
- strip
- temperature
- coating
- guide rollers
- zinc
- Prior art date
- Legal status (The legal status is an assumption and is not a legal conclusion. Google has not performed a legal analysis and makes no representation as to the accuracy of the status listed.)
- Granted
Links
Images
Classifications
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C21—METALLURGY OF IRON
- C21D—MODIFYING THE PHYSICAL STRUCTURE OF FERROUS METALS; GENERAL DEVICES FOR HEAT TREATMENT OF FERROUS OR NON-FERROUS METALS OR ALLOYS; MAKING METAL MALLEABLE, e.g. BY DECARBURISATION OR TEMPERING
- C21D9/00—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor
- C21D9/52—Heat treatment, e.g. annealing, hardening, quenching or tempering, adapted for particular articles; Furnaces therefor for wires; for strips ; for rods of unlimited length
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
-
- C—CHEMISTRY; METALLURGY
- C23—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; CHEMICAL SURFACE TREATMENT; DIFFUSION TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL; INHIBITING CORROSION OF METALLIC MATERIAL OR INCRUSTATION IN GENERAL
- C23C—COATING METALLIC MATERIAL; COATING MATERIAL WITH METALLIC MATERIAL; SURFACE TREATMENT OF METALLIC MATERIAL BY DIFFUSION INTO THE SURFACE, BY CHEMICAL CONVERSION OR SUBSTITUTION; COATING BY VACUUM EVAPORATION, BY SPUTTERING, BY ION IMPLANTATION OR BY CHEMICAL VAPOUR DEPOSITION, IN GENERAL
- C23C2/00—Hot-dipping or immersion processes for applying the coating material in the molten state without affecting the shape; Apparatus therefor
- C23C2/26—After-treatment
- C23C2/28—Thermal after-treatment, e.g. treatment in oil bath
- C23C2/29—Cooling or quenching
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a method and an installation for the continuous production of a coating of zinc, aluminum or a zinc-aluminum alloy on a steel strip obtained by cold rolling.
- the invention relates in particular, but not exclusively, to a process for galvanizing a cold-rolled steel strip.
- the metal cold worked by cold rolling in the form of a strip is first of all subjected to a continuous annealing treatment.
- This treatment includes a thermal cycle of heating and maintaining temperature, followed by more or less rapid cooling stopped at the melting temperature of the zinc bath.
- the steel strip is galvanized by dipping in a zinc bath at a temperature between about 460 and 500 ° C., then the strip is continuously extracted from the zinc and cooled before being stored in coils.
- the metal is completely recrystallized, but the carbon dissolved during the heating and maintenance period of the annealing treatment remains in the state of supersaturated solution in the ferrite. If, at this stage, the cooling of the coated steel strip is continued to a temperature below 270 ° C, at a speed greater than 5 ° C per second, part of the carbon remains in solution. Carbon in supersaturated solution in ferrite makes the metal sensitive to aging by precipitation of the supersaturated carbon on the dislocations due to the cold deformation that the sheet will subsequently undergo.
- the supersaturation carbon is precipitated by prolonged annealing in coils.
- the annealing must be carried out at a temperature below 300 ° C. and must be long, both to obtain sufficient homogeneity of the temperature and complete precipitation of carbon.
- this result is achieved after maintaining for 6 hours at a temperature above 250 ° C.
- the surface hardening operation which eliminates the elastic bearing and imprints a roughness set on the surface of the sheet can then be carried out on the metal having undergone such over-aging, without risk of subsequent aging.
- an overaging cycle which cannot be carried out continuously, is expensive and lengthens the production cycle.
- the object of the present invention is to remedy this drawback in order to provide a coated sheet which can be treated continuously and have the required technical qualities.
- the subject of the invention is therefore a continuous process of coating with a layer of Zn, Al or a Zn-Al alloy of a cold rolled steel strip, comprising a thermal heating cycle, followed by a rapid cooling, a dip coating in the molten coating metal bath at a temperature of 460-500 ° C, and subsequent cooling, characterized in that after the dip coating, the coated steel strip is subjected to an overaging treatment by maintaining the strip at a temperature between 430 and 270 ° C. for at least 2 minutes.
- the rapid cooling following the heating thermal cycle must be carried out at a speed of 5 to 50 ° C / s., Preferably from 10 to 50 ° C / S , and better still from 10 at 25 ° C / s.
- the overaging treatment is carried out between 430 and 330 ° C by presenting the same face of the strip in contact with the guide rollers following a spiral path.
- the steel strip subjected to the overaging treatment is coated on one or both sides with a layer of zinc, aluminum or their alloys.
- the guide rollers are arranged so that they are in contact with the face free of the coating layer.
- the present invention also relates to an installation for continuously coating a layer of Zn, Al or of a Zn-Al alloy of a cold-rolled steel strip comprising means for feeding the strip, a heat treatment enclosure comprising heating means followed by cooling means, a crucible for keeping the coating metal in fusion in which are disposed means for returning the strip and means for extracting and guiding the strip towards a storage station after cooling , characterized in that the installation comprises, following the coating bath after the extraction means, an over-aging enclosure maintaining the coated strip at a temperature between 430 and 270 ° C for at least two minutes., this enclosure comprising a set of guide rollers arranged so that, during a first path of the strip, only one face of the latter is in contact with the guide rollers.
- the guide rollers determine in the first path a spiral winding, then then a second accordion path to the exit of the enclosure.
- a steel strip cold worked cold rolled is first subjected to a continuous annealing treatment in the galvanizing line following a cycle which is illustrated in FIG. 1.
- the overaging treatment can be considerably shortened if it is carried out after rapid cooling of the metal before entering the zinc bath.
- Complete overaging can be achieved by holding for at least 2 minutes at about 430-270 ° C, provided that the rapid cooling rate from about 800 ° C to about 470 ° C is preferably greater than 10 ° C / s .
- One of the original characteristics of the process of the present invention consists in minimizing this risk by an arrangement of the guide rollers relative to the strip, so that only one face of the strip, in the portion where the strip is at higher temperature. at 330 ° C is in contact with the guide rollers. This completely avoids the risk of scratches for the side not in contact with the guide rollers in the part where the strip is at a temperature above 330 ° C.
- the thermal cycle undergone by the steel strip has been shown, representing, on the one hand, the overaging according to the present invention and, on the other hand, normal cooling of the strip without overaging.
- the method of the present invention is implemented in an installation partially shown in FIG. 1.
- the strip 1 of cold-rolled steel is supplied from supply means not shown in an oven 2, where it undergoes an annealing treatment with a heating phase in zone 3 and cooling in zone 4
- the strip - 1 is then continuously galvanized by dipping in a zinc bath. melting 5 contained in a crucible 6.
- This crucible is provided with means for returning the strip in the form of a roller 7 immersed in the zinc bath.
- the strip 1 is then extracted vertically from the zinc bath 5 and undergoes conventional operations for treating the layer of zinc deposited in zones 8 and is guided by a roller 9 in direction of the over-aging enclosure 10.
- the steel strip carrying its zinc coating is introduced into the over-aging enclosure 10 through an orifice 11 at a temperature close to this point of 370 ° C.
- the overaging enclosure 10 includes a set of guide rollers arranged horizontally and parallel to each other.
- the strip 1 travels in this enclosure a first path from are entered 11 passing over the guide rollers 12, 13, 14, 15 and 16 in a spiral winding, so that the same face of this strip from its exit from the bath zinc is in contact with the guide rollers.
- the temperature of the strip is approximately 330 ° C., so that it is then possible to put the face which has not undergone any contact with the guide rollers with these.
- the strip follows an accordion path on the rollers 17 and 18a to 18d, as well as 19a to 19c, the rollers 18a to 18d being arranged respectively at the upper part of the enclosure, while the rollers 19a to 19c are arranged at the lower part of the latter.
- the strip is extracted from the enclosure 10 through an orifice 20 at a temperature of 270 ° C. and sent using suitable rollers to a work hardening station, not shown, after cooling to a temperature ⁇ 50 ° C. .
- the temperature of the enclosure is regulated so as to ensure a strip temperature of at least 370 ° C. at the inlet of the enclosure and at least 270 ° C. at the outlet of the enclosure.
- the length of the aging zone is provided in such a way that the effective time between leaving the zinc bath and leaving the aging zone at a temperature greater than or equal to 270 ° C. is at least 2 minutes and, from preferably between 2 and 5 minutes approximately for the galvanization of steel intended to be stamped.
- the strip of galvanized steel ends up at the end of a hardening rolling mill, not shown, so as to erase the elastic flow bearing and to impart a surface roughness adjusted to the sheet, then the strip is wound up and stored.
- guide rollers of the overaging enclosure must have a diameter such that the diameter to thickness ratio of the strip is greater than 800, so as to avoid hardening the metal by work hardening.
- the guide rollers are in particular hollow rolls of steel with rectified surface, having a fine roughness (0.5 ⁇ m), burnished by oxidation between 300 and 500 ° C.
- the face comprising the thin coating of iron-zinc alloy is presented in contact with the guide rollers 9 and 12 to 15 of the overaging treatment zone. This keeps the conventional zinc coating out of contact with the guide rollers during the first spiral-wound path. As the face comprising the thin coating of iron-zinc alloy is not subject to deterioration in contact with the guide rollers, there is no deterioration in its qualities.
- Cycle 1 corresponds to the prior art without overaging treatment with continuous hardening at the end of the line of 1%.
- Cycle 2 corresponds to galvanizing according to the prior art with over-aging in a coil not allowing continuous treatment.
- Cycle 3 corresponds to the process of the present invention.
- the reappearance of the elastic bearing is, moreover, relatively low compared to cycle 1 not comprising an overaging step.
Landscapes
- Chemical & Material Sciences (AREA)
- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Thermal Sciences (AREA)
- Physics & Mathematics (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Materials Engineering (AREA)
- Metallurgy (AREA)
- Organic Chemistry (AREA)
- Chemical Kinetics & Catalysis (AREA)
- Oil, Petroleum & Natural Gas (AREA)
- Crystallography & Structural Chemistry (AREA)
- Coating With Molten Metal (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Strip Materials And Filament Materials (AREA)
- Heat Treatment Of Articles (AREA)
- Heat Treatments In General, Especially Conveying And Cooling (AREA)
- Belt Conveyors (AREA)
Priority Applications (1)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
AT84401067T ATE30744T1 (de) | 1983-05-24 | 1984-05-23 | Verfahren und vorrichtung zur kontinuierlichen herstellung von ueberaltertem stahlband, beschichtet mit aluminium, zink oder mit einer aluminium-zink-legierung. |
Applications Claiming Priority (2)
Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
---|---|---|---|
FR8308508A FR2546534B1 (fr) | 1983-05-24 | 1983-05-24 | Procede et installation de fabrication en continu d'une bande d'acier survieillie portant un revetement de zn, al ou d'alliage zn-al |
FR8308508 | 1983-05-24 |
Publications (3)
Publication Number | Publication Date |
---|---|
EP0126696A1 true EP0126696A1 (de) | 1984-11-28 |
EP0126696B1 EP0126696B1 (de) | 1987-11-11 |
EP0126696B2 EP0126696B2 (de) | 1992-02-19 |
Family
ID=9289101
Family Applications (1)
Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
---|---|---|---|
EP84401067A Expired - Lifetime EP0126696B2 (de) | 1983-05-24 | 1984-05-23 | Verfahren zur kontinuierlichen Herstellung von überaltertem Stahlband, beschichtet mit Zink oder mit einer Aluminium-Zink-Legierung |
Country Status (9)
Country | Link |
---|---|
US (2) | US4530858A (de) |
EP (1) | EP0126696B2 (de) |
JP (1) | JPS6052529A (de) |
AT (1) | ATE30744T1 (de) |
AU (1) | AU569094B2 (de) |
CA (1) | CA1215889A (de) |
DE (1) | DE3467376D1 (de) |
ES (2) | ES533091A0 (de) |
FR (1) | FR2546534B1 (de) |
Cited By (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0276457A2 (de) * | 1986-12-29 | 1988-08-03 | Ras-Met Oy | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines nichtalternden feuerverzinkten Stahlbleches |
EP0959145A1 (de) * | 1998-05-16 | 1999-11-24 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung der Glühung eines Galvannealing-Prozesses |
US8431401B2 (en) | 2006-07-10 | 2013-04-30 | Takagi Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method of cultivating cell or tissue |
US9005958B2 (en) | 2006-07-10 | 2015-04-14 | Purpose Company Limited | Cell or tissue cultivation apparatus and method of cultivation |
Families Citing this family (4)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
SE8701837D0 (sv) * | 1987-05-05 | 1987-05-05 | Ssab Svenskt Stal Ab | Ytbehandlingsanleggning och sett att belegga en stalprodukt |
EP0406619A1 (de) * | 1989-06-21 | 1991-01-09 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Verfahren zur Herstellung von kaltgewalzten verzinkten nichtalternden Stahlblechen mit guter Formbarkeit in einer Durchlaufverzinkungslinie |
US6274200B1 (en) | 1998-09-11 | 2001-08-14 | Boeing North American, Inc. | Method for preparing pre-coated ferrous-alloy components and components prepared thereby |
CN109280861A (zh) | 2017-07-21 | 2019-01-29 | 蒂森克虏伯钢铁欧洲股份公司 | 具有良好耐老化性的扁钢产品及其生产方法 |
Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2570906A (en) * | 1946-07-31 | 1951-10-09 | Alferieff Michel | Process for coating metallic objects with other metals |
US4104088A (en) * | 1977-05-23 | 1978-08-01 | Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation | Method of making differentially coated one side alloyed galvanized steel strip |
DE2941850A1 (de) * | 1978-10-16 | 1980-04-30 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Verfahren zum ueberaltern von stahlmaterial mit einem heiss-tauchmetallueberzug |
FR2450285A1 (fr) * | 1979-03-02 | 1980-09-26 | Centre Rech Metallurgique | Procede de fabrication d'une bande d'acier revetue |
US4243730A (en) * | 1976-05-19 | 1981-01-06 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Steel sheet having a zinc coating on one side |
EP0028822A1 (de) * | 1979-11-08 | 1981-05-20 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mit einer Aluminium-Zink-Legierung beschichteten Eisengegenstandes zur Verbesserung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit |
LU83353A1 (fr) * | 1981-05-11 | 1983-03-24 | Centre Rech Metallurgique | Procede de fabrication de toles galvanisees de qualite amelioree |
EP0077473A1 (de) * | 1981-10-16 | 1983-04-27 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Verfahren zur Herstellung von einseitig feuerverzinkten Stahlblechen |
Family Cites Families (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US3971862A (en) * | 1972-08-10 | 1976-07-27 | Nippon Kokan Kabushiki Kaisha | Continuous hot-dip galvanizing process for steel strip |
JPS5446139A (en) * | 1977-09-21 | 1979-04-11 | Kawasaki Steel Co | Method of making galvanized steel plate for drawing use |
JPS55122820A (en) * | 1979-03-13 | 1980-09-20 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Manufacture of alloyed zinc-plated high tensile steel sheet with superior workability |
JPS55122821A (en) * | 1979-03-15 | 1980-09-20 | Kawasaki Steel Corp | Manufacture of alloyed zinc-plated high tensile steel sheet with high workability |
US4294632A (en) * | 1979-09-24 | 1981-10-13 | Nisshin Steel Co., Ltd. | Method for overaging of hot dip metal coated steel material |
US4287008A (en) * | 1979-11-08 | 1981-09-01 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Method of improving the ductility of the coating of an aluminum-zinc alloy coated ferrous product |
JPS5779161A (en) * | 1980-11-04 | 1982-05-18 | Sumitomo Metal Ind Ltd | Production of zinc hot dipped steel plate |
US4408561A (en) * | 1981-08-24 | 1983-10-11 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Dual-purpose plant for producing cold rolled steel sheet and hot-dip galvanized steel sheet |
-
1983
- 1983-05-24 FR FR8308508A patent/FR2546534B1/fr not_active Expired
-
1984
- 1984-05-23 CA CA000454889A patent/CA1215889A/fr not_active Expired
- 1984-05-23 EP EP84401067A patent/EP0126696B2/de not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-05-23 ES ES533091A patent/ES533091A0/es active Granted
- 1984-05-23 AT AT84401067T patent/ATE30744T1/de not_active IP Right Cessation
- 1984-05-23 DE DE8484401067T patent/DE3467376D1/de not_active Expired
- 1984-05-23 US US06/612,958 patent/US4530858A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-05-24 JP JP59103756A patent/JPS6052529A/ja active Pending
- 1984-07-13 AU AU30578/84A patent/AU569094B2/en not_active Ceased
-
1985
- 1985-03-15 ES ES541797A patent/ES8801711A1/es not_active Expired
- 1985-04-17 US US06/724,318 patent/US4620501A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
Patent Citations (8)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
US2570906A (en) * | 1946-07-31 | 1951-10-09 | Alferieff Michel | Process for coating metallic objects with other metals |
US4243730A (en) * | 1976-05-19 | 1981-01-06 | Nippon Steel Corporation | Steel sheet having a zinc coating on one side |
US4104088A (en) * | 1977-05-23 | 1978-08-01 | Jones & Laughlin Steel Corporation | Method of making differentially coated one side alloyed galvanized steel strip |
DE2941850A1 (de) * | 1978-10-16 | 1980-04-30 | Nisshin Steel Co Ltd | Verfahren zum ueberaltern von stahlmaterial mit einem heiss-tauchmetallueberzug |
FR2450285A1 (fr) * | 1979-03-02 | 1980-09-26 | Centre Rech Metallurgique | Procede de fabrication d'une bande d'acier revetue |
EP0028822A1 (de) * | 1979-11-08 | 1981-05-20 | Bethlehem Steel Corporation | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines mit einer Aluminium-Zink-Legierung beschichteten Eisengegenstandes zur Verbesserung der Korrosionsbeständigkeit |
LU83353A1 (fr) * | 1981-05-11 | 1983-03-24 | Centre Rech Metallurgique | Procede de fabrication de toles galvanisees de qualite amelioree |
EP0077473A1 (de) * | 1981-10-16 | 1983-04-27 | Kawasaki Steel Corporation | Verfahren zur Herstellung von einseitig feuerverzinkten Stahlblechen |
Non-Patent Citations (4)
Title |
---|
CHEMICAL ABSTRACTS, vol. 93, no. 22, décembre 1980, page 254, no. 208544h, Columbus, Ohio, US; & JP-A-55 054 558 (NIPPON KOKAN K.K.) 21-04-1980 * |
PATENTS ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 2, no. 52, 14 avril 1978, page 249 C 78; & JP-A-53 011 808 (SHINNIPPON SEITETSU K.K.) 02-02-1978 * |
PATENTS ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 3, no. 138 (C-64), 16 novembre 1979, page 89 C 64; & JP-A-54 117 334 (SHIN NIPPON SEITETSU K.K.) 12-09-1979 * |
PATENTS ABSTRACTS OF JAPAN, vol. 4, no. 135 (C-25)[617], 20 septembre 1980, page 81 C 25; & JP-A-55 085 624 (NITSUSHIN SEIKOU K.K.) 27-06-1980 * |
Cited By (5)
Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
---|---|---|---|---|
EP0276457A2 (de) * | 1986-12-29 | 1988-08-03 | Ras-Met Oy | Verfahren zur Herstellung eines nichtalternden feuerverzinkten Stahlbleches |
EP0276457A3 (en) * | 1986-12-29 | 1989-02-08 | Rasmet Ky | A method for producing non-aging hot-dip galvanized steel strip |
EP0959145A1 (de) * | 1998-05-16 | 1999-11-24 | Sms Schloemann-Siemag Aktiengesellschaft | Verfahren und Vorrichtung zur Durchführung der Glühung eines Galvannealing-Prozesses |
US8431401B2 (en) | 2006-07-10 | 2013-04-30 | Takagi Industrial Co., Ltd. | Method of cultivating cell or tissue |
US9005958B2 (en) | 2006-07-10 | 2015-04-14 | Purpose Company Limited | Cell or tissue cultivation apparatus and method of cultivation |
Also Published As
Publication number | Publication date |
---|---|
FR2546534B1 (fr) | 1989-04-21 |
ATE30744T1 (de) | 1987-11-15 |
JPS6052529A (ja) | 1985-03-25 |
US4530858A (en) | 1985-07-23 |
US4620501A (en) | 1986-11-04 |
CA1215889A (fr) | 1986-12-30 |
ES541797A0 (es) | 1988-02-16 |
AU3057884A (en) | 1986-01-16 |
EP0126696B1 (de) | 1987-11-11 |
FR2546534A1 (fr) | 1984-11-30 |
DE3467376D1 (en) | 1987-12-17 |
AU569094B2 (en) | 1988-01-21 |
EP0126696B2 (de) | 1992-02-19 |
ES8600788A1 (es) | 1985-10-16 |
ES8801711A1 (es) | 1988-02-16 |
ES533091A0 (es) | 1985-10-16 |
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Legal Events
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PUAI | Public reference made under article 153(3) epc to a published international application that has entered the european phase |
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AK | Designated contracting states |
Designated state(s): AT BE CH DE FR GB IT LI LU NL SE |
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17P | Request for examination filed |
Effective date: 19850306 |
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17Q | First examination report despatched |
Effective date: 19860127 |
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GRAA | (expected) grant |
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