EP0126011B1 - Process for obtaining hollow structures such as ducts, silos or shelters - Google Patents
Process for obtaining hollow structures such as ducts, silos or shelters Download PDFInfo
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- EP0126011B1 EP0126011B1 EP84401003A EP84401003A EP0126011B1 EP 0126011 B1 EP0126011 B1 EP 0126011B1 EP 84401003 A EP84401003 A EP 84401003A EP 84401003 A EP84401003 A EP 84401003A EP 0126011 B1 EP0126011 B1 EP 0126011B1
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- 238000000034 method Methods 0.000 title claims description 18
- 239000004567 concrete Substances 0.000 claims description 8
- 230000003014 reinforcing effect Effects 0.000 claims description 7
- 238000005096 rolling process Methods 0.000 claims description 7
- XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N Iron Chemical compound [Fe] XEEYBQQBJWHFJM-UHFFFAOYSA-N 0.000 claims description 6
- 238000004873 anchoring Methods 0.000 claims description 5
- 239000002184 metal Substances 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052751 metal Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 5
- 229910052742 iron Inorganic materials 0.000 claims description 3
- 239000002985 plastic film Substances 0.000 claims description 3
- 238000009434 installation Methods 0.000 description 4
- 210000000056 organ Anatomy 0.000 description 4
- 238000006073 displacement reaction Methods 0.000 description 3
- 239000011150 reinforced concrete Substances 0.000 description 2
- 238000007789 sealing Methods 0.000 description 2
- 241001669679 Eleotris Species 0.000 description 1
- 230000001186 cumulative effect Effects 0.000 description 1
- 238000007654 immersion Methods 0.000 description 1
- 235000000396 iron Nutrition 0.000 description 1
- 238000005304 joining Methods 0.000 description 1
- 238000004519 manufacturing process Methods 0.000 description 1
- 239000000463 material Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000004033 plastic Substances 0.000 description 1
- 239000011178 precast concrete Substances 0.000 description 1
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Classifications
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- F—MECHANICAL ENGINEERING; LIGHTING; HEATING; WEAPONS; BLASTING
- F16—ENGINEERING ELEMENTS AND UNITS; GENERAL MEASURES FOR PRODUCING AND MAINTAINING EFFECTIVE FUNCTIONING OF MACHINES OR INSTALLATIONS; THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L—PIPES; JOINTS OR FITTINGS FOR PIPES; SUPPORTS FOR PIPES, CABLES OR PROTECTIVE TUBING; MEANS FOR THERMAL INSULATION IN GENERAL
- F16L9/00—Rigid pipes
- F16L9/22—Pipes composed of a plurality of segments
Definitions
- the present invention relates to a new means of implementing the process for obtaining hollow structures, such as conduits, silos or shelters consisting of tubular sections placed end to end and each produced by assembly on the site of adjacent adjacent prefabricated elements. each part of the cross section of the conduit, said tubular sections being subjected, after assembly, to a prestressing at least in the longitudinal direction, carried out using cables in the longitudinal direction.
- FR-A-1 597 170 describes, for example, an embodiment of submerged pipes made up of prefabricated tubular sections, the ends of which fit into one another and which are assembled on site by cables of prestress passing through longitudinal sheaths and energized. Each section is in one piece and it is therefore difficult to envisage the production of sections of very large dimensions which would be untransportable unless, as is the case in this document, they are floating or submerged structures.
- the document DE-B-1 191 640 describes a process for producing a duct consisting, in cross section, of a very large number of prefabricated segments which rest on each other and which are assembled by cables of prestress turning around the pipe in a transverse plane. Because of their large number, the prefabricated elements, even for a large duct, remain transportable, but the installation and assembly of the different segments is quite complex and, the elements being identical, ducts are made in section circular.
- This prestressing can be done both in the transverse direction, as in document DE-B-1 191 640, as in the longitudinal direction, as in document FR-A-1 597 170.
- the subject of the invention is a new method enabling this problem to be solved and is characterized in that, when assembling a certain length of hollow structure corresponding to several sections placed end to end, these sections are placed on supports longitudinal intended to prevent the friction of the ground against the base of the structure and to allow relative displacement of the sections of the hollow structure with respect to said supports during the prestressing operation.
- these elements are made of concrete provided with reinforcing bars grouped into at least one ply which is continuous in cross section from one edge to the other of the element, a single continuous ply is provided in cross section, this ply passing approximately in the center of each thinned part. Unthinned parts may or may not have other reinforcing bars.
- FIG 1 there is shown in perspective a hollow structure of large section, designated as a whole by SC, consisting of a plurality of sections such as T1, T2, T3, themselves formed of several prefabricated elements designated by 1, 2, 3,4, 5 for the element T 1 .
- the operation is carried out according to the invention as follows after having assembled a certain length of hollow structure, corresponding to several longitudinal sections T1, T2, T3 etc. put end to end, this length of structure is subjected to a prestressing using cables C placed in channels D arranged longitudinally, in the thickness of the elements, as shown in Figure 2. It should be noted that this stress of the structure is considered as pre-stressing before commissioning and as post-stressing after installation. However, if the sections were placed directly on the ground, they could not be moved relatively due to the friction exerted by the ground.
- longitudinal supports as indicated in L1 and L2 in the figure.
- These longitudinal supports can be constituted by ballast or anchoring masses.
- the prestressing cables can also be arranged longitudinally outside the hollow structure, preferably outside the ballast or anchoring masses and the structure itself. It should also be noted that the ballast or anchor masses can be replaced by laying sills.
- the ballast or anchor masses or the sills can be permanently fixed to the base of the structure and / or in the ground in particular using organs threaded which are screwed from inside the structure.
- organs threaded which are screwed from inside the structure.
- Concrete bars if used, are then arranged with their axis directed longitudinally.
- metal or plastic sheets are used, greased, they can be used to facilitate prestressing in one direction as well as in the other.
- FIG. 3 shows a prefabricated element 4 of reinforced concrete, prepared according to the current technique, that is to say with two layers of reinforcing iron 41.42 located respectively in the vicinity of the inner face and the outer face of the element. It will also be noted that the longitudinal edges of the element are flattened or rounded to allow a junction allowing a certain pivoting, in the manner of an articulation, with the raft and / or the neighboring elements.
- Figure 4 shows that the element 4 modified according to the invention has thinned parts 43, which give it flexibility.
- the reinforcing bars 44 are grouped in a single ply, which passes approximately at the center of each thinned part.
- the unthinned parts may possibly include other reinforcing bars.
- the invention is of course applicable when the elements are made of materials other than reinforced concrete.
- Figure 1 shows a structure whose lower element 3 of the section T1 is constituted by a prefabricated element in one piece.
- the lower element comprises two prefabricated pieces in the shape of a gutter on which side elements are mounted, the lower edge of which is placed in the gutter, providing an articulated connection.
- Cross-pieces which can also be prefabricated elements, keep the pieces in the shape of a gutter by ensuring them a rigorous positioning. The mounting of the side elements is facilitated by the possibility of pivoting of these in the grooves.
- the grooves and crosspieces are subsequently embedded in the concrete to form the raft, which blocks the articulated connections while providing sealing.
- beams (20) are provided which are each secured to several longitudinal elements 1, 2, 3,4, 5 end to end and joining them so as to prevent their relative movement.
- These sills can extend over the entire length of the duct, or have a length corresponding to 3 or 4 elements to allow small adjustments.
- the sleeper interruptions correspond to one end of the element.
- the left and right sills may stop at different places.
- These sills can be made of concrete and poured on site after the installation of a length of the conduit corresponding to several longitudinal elements end to end. If the elements are made of metal, the sills are preferably of the same metal, and put in place, for example, by bolting.
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- Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- General Engineering & Computer Science (AREA)
- Mechanical Engineering (AREA)
- Reinforcement Elements For Buildings (AREA)
- Rod-Shaped Construction Members (AREA)
Description
La présente invention concerne un nouveau moyen de mise en oeuvre du procédé d'obtention de structures creuses, telles que des conduits, silos ou abris constitués de tronçons tubulaires mis bout à bout et réalisés chacun par assemblage sur le site d'éléments préfabriqués adjacents correspondant chacun à une partie de la section transversale du conduit, lesdits tronçons tubulaires étant soumis, après assemblage, à une précontrainte au moins dans le sens longitudinal, effectuée à l'aide de cables dans le sens longitudinal.The present invention relates to a new means of implementing the process for obtaining hollow structures, such as conduits, silos or shelters consisting of tubular sections placed end to end and each produced by assembly on the site of adjacent adjacent prefabricated elements. each part of the cross section of the conduit, said tubular sections being subjected, after assembly, to a prestressing at least in the longitudinal direction, carried out using cables in the longitudinal direction.
Le document FR-A-1 597 170 décrit, par exemple, un mode de réalisation de conduites immergées constituées de tronçons tubulaires préfabriqués dont les extrémités s'emboîtent l'une dans l'autre et qui sont assemblés sur le site par des câbles de précontrainte passant dans des gaines longitudinales et mis sous tension. Chaque tronçon est en une seule pièce et il est donc difficile d'envisager la réalisation de tronçons de très grandes dimensions qui seraient intransportables sauf si, comme c'est le cas dans ce document, il s'agit de structures flottantes ou immergées.The document FR-A-1 597 170 describes, for example, an embodiment of submerged pipes made up of prefabricated tubular sections, the ends of which fit into one another and which are assembled on site by cables of prestress passing through longitudinal sheaths and energized. Each section is in one piece and it is therefore difficult to envisage the production of sections of very large dimensions which would be untransportable unless, as is the case in this document, they are floating or submerged structures.
Le document DE-B-1 191 640 décrit un procédé de réalisation d'un conduit constitué, en section transversale, d'un très grand nombre de voussoirs préfabriqués qui s'appuient les uns sur les autres et qui sont assemblés par des câbles de précontrainte tournant autour du conduit dans un plan transversal. Du fait de leur grand nombre, les éléments préfabriqués, même pour un conduit de grande dimension, restent transportables, mais la mise en place et l'assemblage des différents voussoirs est assez complexe et, les éléments étant identiques, on réalise des conduits à section circulaire.The document DE-B-1 191 640 describes a process for producing a duct consisting, in cross section, of a very large number of prefabricated segments which rest on each other and which are assembled by cables of prestress turning around the pipe in a transverse plane. Because of their large number, the prefabricated elements, even for a large duct, remain transportable, but the installation and assembly of the different segments is quite complex and, the elements being identical, ducts are made in section circular.
La société déposante a déjà décrit dans la demande de brevet européen EP-A-0 081 402 un procédé d'obtention de structures creuses en forme de conduit dont la section transversale peut être très importante, par exemple supérieure à dix mètres carrés, et constituées de tronçons tubulaires juxtaposés, chaque tronçon étant réalisé par assemblage sur le site d'éléments préfabriqués adjacents correspondant chacun à une partie de la section transversale du conduit. Ces dispositions décrites dans la demande de brevet européen précédente permettent, en particulier, de réaliser des conduits de grande section dans le fond de tranchées qui sont comblées par la suite, la section transversale ayant avantageusement un profil aplati à la partie inférieure de telle sorte que chaque tronçon soit constitué d'éléments de forme différente pour réaliser, par exemple, le radier, les côtés et la voûte, ces éléments ayant cependant des dimensions telles qu'ils restent transportables.The applicant company has already described in European patent application EP-A-0 081 402 a process for obtaining hollow structures in the form of a conduit whose cross section can be very large, for example greater than ten square meters, and formed juxtaposed tubular sections, each section being produced by assembling adjacent prefabricated elements each corresponding to a part of the cross section of the conduit. These arrangements described in the previous European patent application make it possible, in particular, to produce conduits of large section in the bottom of trenches which are subsequently filled in, the cross section advantageously having a flattened profile at the bottom so that each section is made up of elements of different shape to make, for example, the raft, the sides and the arch, these elements however having dimensions such that they remain transportable.
Pour améliorer la résistance d'une telle structure creuse, une fois qu'elle a été assemblée sur le chantier, il est judicieux de la soumettre à une post-contrainte de manière à solidariser plus étroitement les différentes coquilles constituant la structure, à améliorer l'étanchéité de l'ensemble et à rendre inutiles les butées à l'endroit des coudes.To improve the strength of such a hollow structure, once it has been assembled on site, it is wise to subject it to a post-stress so as to more closely join the different shells constituting the structure, to improve the sealing of the assembly and making unnecessary the stops at the location of the elbows.
Cet assemblage par précontrainte peut se faire aussi bien dans le sens transversal, comme dans le document DE-B-1 191 640, que dans le sens longitudinal, comme dans le document FR-A-1 597 170.This prestressing can be done both in the transverse direction, as in document DE-B-1 191 640, as in the longitudinal direction, as in document FR-A-1 597 170.
Cependant, si cet assemblage par précontrainte, notamment dans le sens longitudinal, peut se faire sans trop de difficultés lorsque les éléments ne sont pas de dimensions très grandes ou bien que leur poids est diminué du fait de leur immersion, comme dans le brevet FR-A1 597 170, on a observé qu'il était pratiquement impossible d'obtenir une bonne application des tronçons les uns sur les autres pour les structures de très grandes dimensions telles que décrites dans la demande de brevet européen EP-A-0 081 402.However, if this assembly by prestressing, in particular in the longitudinal direction, can be done without too much difficulty when the elements are not of very large dimensions or although their weight is reduced due to their immersion, as in the patent FR- A1 597 170, it has been observed that it was practically impossible to obtain a good application of the sections on each other for very large structures as described in European patent application EP-A-0 081 402.
En effet, au moment de la pose, les tronçons tubulaires successifs ne peuvent être exactement accolés les uns contre les autres et la mise en tension des câbles de précontrainte nécessite de légers déplacements rotatifs des tronçons adjacents auxquels s'opposent les frottements exercés par le sol sur la base de chaque tronçon. Ce phénomène est amplifié par l'effet cumulatif des déplacements à produire lorsque l'on réalise en même temps l'assemblage de plusieurs troçons juxtaposés.Indeed, at the time of installation, the successive tubular sections cannot be exactly placed against one another and the tensioning of the prestressing cables requires slight rotary displacements of the adjacent sections to which the friction exerted by the ground is opposed. on the basis of each section. This phenomenon is amplified by the cumulative effect of the displacements to be produced when the assembly of several juxtaposed sections is carried out at the same time.
L'invention a pour objet un nouveau procédé permettant de résoudre ce problème et est caractérisé en ce que, lors de l'assemblage d'une certaine longueur de structure creuse correspondant à plusieurs tronçons mis bout à bout, on dispose ces tronçons sur des supports longitudinaux destinés à empêcher le frottement du sol contre la base de la structure et à permettre un déplacement relatif des tronçons de la structure creuse par rapport auxdits supports pendant l'opération de précontrainte.The subject of the invention is a new method enabling this problem to be solved and is characterized in that, when assembling a certain length of hollow structure corresponding to several sections placed end to end, these sections are placed on supports longitudinal intended to prevent the friction of the ground against the base of the structure and to allow relative displacement of the sections of the hollow structure with respect to said supports during the prestressing operation.
Ces supports longitudinaux ont donc pour simple rôle d'empêcher ou de réduire les frottement entre la base de la structure et le sol et ne doivent donc pas être confondus avec des semelles de fondation qui, comme décrit dans le document "Spannbeton für die praxis", cité dans le Rapport de Recherche, ont pour objet, dans un réservoir, de répartir sur le sol la poussée verticale exercée par les parois latérales.These longitudinal supports therefore have the simple role of preventing or reducing the friction between the base of the structure and the ground and must therefore not be confused with foundation footings which, as described in the document "Spannbeton für die praxis" , cited in the Research Report, are intended, in a tank, to distribute on the ground the vertical thrust exerted by the side walls.
Selon d'autres particularités de l'invention :
- a) lesdits supports longitudinaux sont constitués par des masses de lestage ou d'ancrage ou par des longrines de pose,
- b) après la mise en contrainte de la longueur de structure creuse, les masses de lestage ou d'ancrage ou les longrines sont fixées de façon définitive à la base de la structure, en particulier par vissage d'organes filetés à partir de l'interieur de celle-ci,
- c) il est prévu entre les masses de lestage ou d'ancrage et les tronçons de la structure, des organes roulants ou glissants,
- d) les organes roulants ou glissants sont constitués par des fers à béton ronds ou des feuilles glissantes métalliques ou plastiques, graissées.
- a) said longitudinal supports consist of ballast or anchoring masses or by laying sills,
- b) after the stressing of the length of the hollow structure, the ballast or anchoring masses or the sills are permanently fixed to the base of the structure, in particular by screwing threaded members from the inside of it,
- c) there is provision between ballast or anchor masses and sections of the structure, rolling or sliding parts,
- d) the rolling or sliding members consist of round concrete bars or greased metallic or plastic sliding sheets.
D'autre part, dans certains conduits de grande dimension, avec des terrains particulièrement instables, il est apparu que les jonctions entre éléments adjacents ne permettaient pas de donner à la structure une souplesse suffisante dans le sens transversal.On the other hand, in some large conduits, with particularly unstable terrain, it appeared that the junctions between adjacent elements did not allow to give the structure sufficient flexibility in the transverse direction.
On a trouvé qu'il était possible d'augmenter cette souplesse en utilisant des éléments préfabriqués qui, en section transversale, comportent au moins une partie amincie qui leur donne de la souplesse.It has been found that it is possible to increase this flexibility by using prefabricated elements which, in cross section, comprise at least one thinned part which gives them flexibility.
Si ces éléments sont en béton pourvu de fers d'armature groupés en au moins une nappe qui est continue en section transversale d'un bord à l'autre de l'élément, il est prévu une seule nappe continue en section transversale, cette nappe passant à peu près au centre de chaque partie amincie. Les parties non amincies peuvent, ou non, comporter d'autres fers d'armature.If these elements are made of concrete provided with reinforcing bars grouped into at least one ply which is continuous in cross section from one edge to the other of the element, a single continuous ply is provided in cross section, this ply passing approximately in the center of each thinned part. Unthinned parts may or may not have other reinforcing bars.
On observera que de tels éléments ont une certaine souplesse dans le sens transversal, mais que leur rigidité dans le sens longitudinal n'est pratiquement pas affectée.It will be observed that such elements have a certain flexibility in the transverse direction, but that their rigidity in the longitudinal direction is practically not affected.
D'autres caractéristiques et avantages de l'invention seront mis en évidence dans la suite de la description, donnée à titre d'exemple non limitatif, en référence aux dessins annexés parmi lesquels :
- Fig. 1 représente, en vue en perspective, une longueur de la structure creuse qui est placée sur des supports permettant sa précontrainte conformément au procédé selon l'invention, et
- Fig. 2 est une vue partielle agrandie de la figure 1.
- Fig. 3 est une vue en coupe et perspective d'un élément préfabriqué en béton de type classique;
- Fig. 4 est une vue analogue d'un élément préfabriqué selon l'invention.
- Fig. 1 represents, in perspective view, a length of the hollow structure which is placed on supports allowing its prestressing in accordance with the method according to the invention, and
- Fig. 2 is an enlarged partial view of FIG. 1.
- Fig. 3 is a sectional and perspective view of a precast concrete element of the conventional type;
- Fig. 4 is a similar view of a prefabricated element according to the invention.
Sur la figure 1, on a représenté en vue en perspective une structure creuse de grande section, désignée dans son ensemble par SC, se composant d'une pluralité de tronçons tels que T1, T2, T3, eux-mêmes formés de plusieurs éléments préfabriqués désignés par 1, 2, 3,4, 5 pour l'élément T1.In Figure 1, there is shown in perspective a hollow structure of large section, designated as a whole by SC, consisting of a plurality of sections such as T1, T2, T3, themselves formed of several prefabricated elements designated by 1, 2, 3,4, 5 for the element T 1 .
Pour améliorer la résistance et la cohésion de la structure creuse et de ses tronçons composants, on opère selon l'invention de la façon suivante après avoir assemblé une certaine longueur de structure creuse, correspondant à plusieurs tronçons longitudinaux T1, T2, T3 etc. mis bout à bout, on soumet cette longueur de structure à une précontrainte à l'aide des câbles C placés dans des canaux D disposés longitudinalement, dans l'épaisseur des éléments, comme indiqué sur la figure 2. Il est à noter que cette sollicitation de la structure est considérée comme une précontrainte avant la mise en service et comme une postcontrainte après la mise en place. Cependant, si les tronçons étaient mis en place directement sur le sol, ils ne pourraient pas être déplacés relativement à cause du frottement exercé par le sol.To improve the strength and cohesion of the hollow structure and its component sections, the operation is carried out according to the invention as follows after having assembled a certain length of hollow structure, corresponding to several longitudinal sections T1, T2, T3 etc. put end to end, this length of structure is subjected to a prestressing using cables C placed in channels D arranged longitudinally, in the thickness of the elements, as shown in Figure 2. It should be noted that this stress of the structure is considered as pre-stressing before commissioning and as post-stressing after installation. However, if the sections were placed directly on the ground, they could not be moved relatively due to the friction exerted by the ground.
En conséquence, pour éviter que la tension des câbles ne soit rendue inefficace par le frottement du terrain, on dispose au préalable, sous la structure creuse, des supports longitudinaux, comme indiqué en L1 et L2 sur la figure. Ces supports longitudinaux peuvent être constitués par des masses de lestage ou d'ancrage.Consequently, in order to prevent the tension of the cables from being rendered ineffective by the friction of the ground, there are previously, under the hollow structure, longitudinal supports, as indicated in L1 and L2 in the figure. These longitudinal supports can be constituted by ballast or anchoring masses.
Cependant, conformément à une autre caractéristique de l'invention, pour diminuer encore le frottement qui s'exerce entre la base de la structure creuse et les supports longitudinaux, on dispose entre ladite base et lesdits supports des organes glissants ou roulants, comme indiqué en 6,6' ; 7,7'; 8,8', 9,9'. Par exemple, on peut utiliser comme organes roulants de simples fers à béton ronds. On peut aussi prévoir d'intercaler des feuilles métalliques ou plastiques, graissées.However, in accordance with another characteristic of the invention, to further decrease the friction which is exerted between the base of the hollow structure and the longitudinal supports, there are between said base and said supports sliding or rolling members, as indicated in 6.6 '; 7.7 '; 8.8 ', 9.9'. For example, simple round concrete irons can be used as rolling members. We can also plan to insert greased metal or plastic sheets.
Les câbles de précontrainte peuvent aussi être disposés longitudinalement à l'extérieur de la structure creuse, de préférence en dehors des masses de lestage ou d'ancrage et la structure proprement dite. Il est d'ailleurs à noter que les masses de lestage ou d'ancrage peuvent être remplacées par des longrines de pose.The prestressing cables can also be arranged longitudinally outside the hollow structure, preferably outside the ballast or anchoring masses and the structure itself. It should also be noted that the ballast or anchor masses can be replaced by laying sills.
Après la mise en contrainte de la longueur de structure, les masses de lestage ou d'ancrage ou bien les longrines peuvent être fixées de façon définitive à la base de la structure et/ou dans le sol en particulier à l'aide d'organes filetés qui sont vissés à partir de l'intérieur de la structure. A cet effet il est prévu, dans l'exemple des réalisations, des trous 10, 11, 10', 11' de passage des organes filetés au travers de la structure, ces trous étant oblongs pour s'adapter au déplacement relatif des tronçons 71, 72, 73 .... lors de la mise en contrainte.After stressing the length of the structure, the ballast or anchor masses or the sills can be permanently fixed to the base of the structure and / or in the ground in particular using organs threaded which are screwed from inside the structure. To this end, there are provided, in the example of the embodiments,
Dans tout ce qui précède, on a décrit l'assemblage de tronçons longitudinaux placés bout à bout et mis sous précontrainte à l'aide de câbles ou barres disposées longitudinalement. L'invention peut aussi être appliquée au cas où des structures de grande dimension formées de plusieurs éléments pour une même section transversale sont mises sous précontrainte à l'aide de câbles ou barres disposées dans un plan transversal. Dans ce cas, les éléments formant la partie inférieure de la structure présentent des surfaces horizontales de support, portées par exemple par des épaulements en saillie, et qui reposent sur des supports destinés à empêcher ou réduire le frottement sur le sol.In all of the above, we have described the assembly of longitudinal sections placed end to end and put under prestressing with cables or bars arranged longitudinally. The invention can also be applied to the case where large structures formed of several elements for the same cross section are put under prestressing using cables or bars arranged in a transverse plane. In this case, the elements forming the lower part of the structure have horizontal support surfaces, carried for example by projecting shoulders, and which rest on supports intended to prevent or reduce friction on the ground.
Les fers à béton, si on les utilise, sont alors disposés avec leur axe dirigé longitudinalement.Concrete bars, if used, are then arranged with their axis directed longitudinally.
Si on utilise des feuilles métalliques ou plastiques, graissées elles peuvent servir à faciliter la mise en précontrainte aussi bien dans une direction que dans l'autre.If metal or plastic sheets are used, greased, they can be used to facilitate prestressing in one direction as well as in the other.
La figure 3 montre un élément préfabriqué 4 en béton armé, préparé selon la technique courante, c'est-à-dire avec deux nappes de fer d'armature 41,42 situées respectivement au voisinage de la face intérieure et de la face extérieure de l'élément. On notera par ailleurs que les bords longitudinaux de l'élément sont aplatis ou arrondis pour permettre une jonction permettant un certain pivotement, à la façon d'une articulation, avec le radier et/ou les éléments voisins.FIG. 3 shows a prefabricated element 4 of reinforced concrete, prepared according to the current technique, that is to say with two layers of reinforcing iron 41.42 located respectively in the vicinity of the inner face and the outer face of the element. It will also be noted that the longitudinal edges of the element are flattened or rounded to allow a junction allowing a certain pivoting, in the manner of an articulation, with the raft and / or the neighboring elements.
La figure 4 montre que l'élément 4 modifié selon l'invention comporte des parties amincies 43, qui lui donnent de la souplesse. Les fers d'armature 44 sont groupés en une seule nappe, qui passe à peu près au centre de chaque partie amincie. Les parties non amincies peuvent éventuellement comporter d'autres fers d'armature.Figure 4 shows that the element 4 modified according to the invention has thinned
L'invention est bien entendu applicable lorsque les éléments sont en d'autres matériaux que le béton armé.The invention is of course applicable when the elements are made of materials other than reinforced concrete.
La figure 1 montre une structure dont l'élément inférieur 3 du tronçon T1 est constitué par un élément préfabriqué d'une seule pièce. Suivant un autre mode de réalisation, l'élément inférieur comprend deux pièces préfabriquées en forme de gouttière sur lesquelles on vient monter des éléments latéraux dont le bord inférieur se place dans la gouttière, réalisant une liaison articulée. Des traverses, qui peuvent être également des éléments préfabriqués, maintiennent les pièces en forme de gouttière en leur assurant un positionnement rigoureux. Le montage des éléments latéraux est facilité par la possibilité de pivotement de ceux-ci dans les rainures.Figure 1 shows a structure whose lower element 3 of the section T1 is constituted by a prefabricated element in one piece. According to another embodiment, the lower element comprises two prefabricated pieces in the shape of a gutter on which side elements are mounted, the lower edge of which is placed in the gutter, providing an articulated connection. Cross-pieces, which can also be prefabricated elements, keep the pieces in the shape of a gutter by ensuring them a rigorous positioning. The mounting of the side elements is facilitated by the possibility of pivoting of these in the grooves.
Les rainures et les traverses sont ultérieurement noyées dans le béton pour constituer le radier, ce qui bloque les liaisons articulées tout en procurant l'étanchéité.The grooves and crosspieces are subsequently embedded in the concrete to form the raft, which blocks the articulated connections while providing sealing.
Suivant une autre modalité de l'invention, on prévoit des longrines (20) qui sont solidaires chacune de plusieurs éléments longitudinaux 1, 2, 3,4, 5 bout à bout et les solidarisant de façon à empêcher leur mouvement relatif. Ces longrines peuvent s'étendre sur toute la longueur du conduit, ou bien avoir une longueur correspondant à 3 ou 4 éléments pour permettre de petits ajustements. Les interruptions de longrines correspondent à une extrémité d'élément. Les longrines gauche et droite peuvent s'interrompre à des endroits différents. Ces longrines peuvent être en béton et coulées sur place après la mise en place d'une longueur du conduit correspondant à plusieurs éléments longitudinaux bout à bout. Si les éléments sont en métal, les longrines sont, de préférence du même métal, et mises en place par exemple par boulonnage.According to another embodiment of the invention, beams (20) are provided which are each secured to several longitudinal elements 1, 2, 3,4, 5 end to end and joining them so as to prevent their relative movement. These sills can extend over the entire length of the duct, or have a length corresponding to 3 or 4 elements to allow small adjustments. The sleeper interruptions correspond to one end of the element. The left and right sills may stop at different places. These sills can be made of concrete and poured on site after the installation of a length of the conduit corresponding to several longitudinal elements end to end. If the elements are made of metal, the sills are preferably of the same metal, and put in place, for example, by bolting.
Claims (12)
Priority Applications (1)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| AT84401003T ATE35449T1 (en) | 1983-05-17 | 1984-05-16 | PROCESSES FOR THE MANUFACTURE OF HOLLOW ELEMENTS SUCH AS PIPES, SILOS OR BUNKER. |
Applications Claiming Priority (6)
| Application Number | Priority Date | Filing Date | Title |
|---|---|---|---|
| FR8308167A FR2546262B2 (en) | 1983-05-17 | 1983-05-17 | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING HOLLOW STRUCTURES, SUCH AS DUCTS, SILOS OR SHELTERS AND STRUCTURES OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS |
| FR8308167 | 1983-05-17 | ||
| FR8310181 | 1983-06-20 | ||
| FR8310181A FR2547607B1 (en) | 1983-06-20 | 1983-06-20 | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING LARGE SECTION SECTION UNDERGROUND CONDUITS, AND CONDUITS OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS |
| FR8401957 | 1984-02-08 | ||
| FR8401957A FR2559238B1 (en) | 1984-02-08 | 1984-02-08 | PROCESS FOR OBTAINING STRUCTURES HAVING THE FORM OF A LARGE SECTION CYLINDER |
Publications (2)
| Publication Number | Publication Date |
|---|---|
| EP0126011A1 EP0126011A1 (en) | 1984-11-21 |
| EP0126011B1 true EP0126011B1 (en) | 1988-06-29 |
Family
ID=27251161
Family Applications (1)
| Application Number | Title | Priority Date | Filing Date |
|---|---|---|---|
| EP84401003A Expired EP0126011B1 (en) | 1983-05-17 | 1984-05-16 | Process for obtaining hollow structures such as ducts, silos or shelters |
Country Status (4)
| Country | Link |
|---|---|
| US (1) | US4835936A (en) |
| EP (1) | EP0126011B1 (en) |
| DE (1) | DE3472439D1 (en) |
| WO (1) | WO1984004573A1 (en) |
Families Citing this family (6)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| PT80171B (en) * | 1985-03-27 | 1987-08-19 | Oliveira Carlos Joaquim Costa Martins De | PRE-MANUFACTURED LONGITUDINAL JOINT COLLECTOR |
| FR2688252B1 (en) * | 1992-03-04 | 1994-05-20 | Sogea | PROCESS FOR IMPROVING THE STRENGTH OF A TUBULAR STRUCTURE IN REINFORCED CONCRETE, TUBULAR STRUCTURE WHICH CAN BE OBTAINED BY THIS PROCESS AND PREFABRICATED MEMBER THEREOF. |
| USD771232S1 (en) * | 2014-10-29 | 2016-11-08 | Stephen A. Coon | Adjustable channel for an air conditioning line set |
| JP6444839B2 (en) * | 2015-09-25 | 2018-12-26 | 鹿島建設株式会社 | Construction method for underground structures |
| DE102016106929A1 (en) | 2016-04-14 | 2018-03-01 | Henning Braun | Buildings and procedures for its construction |
| CN105673952A (en) * | 2016-04-18 | 2016-06-15 | 姜守信 | Special-shaped concrete pipeline for municipal wastewater |
Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0081402A1 (en) * | 1981-11-17 | 1983-06-15 | Marcel Matière | Process for obtaining hollow structures such as ducts, grain tanks or shelters. |
Family Cites Families (10)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| US1324744A (en) * | 1919-12-09 | Method of constrtjctiitg monolithic vessels | ||
| FR580289A (en) * | 1924-04-18 | 1924-11-04 | Reinforced concrete support for mine galleries | |
| US2341008A (en) * | 1942-04-15 | 1944-02-08 | Mercantile Metal & Ore Corp | Reinforced concrete ship |
| US2344223A (en) * | 1943-04-16 | 1944-03-14 | Raymond Concrete Pile Co | Vessel and method of constructing it |
| US2691291A (en) * | 1949-08-02 | 1954-10-12 | Henderson Albert | Building of precast concrete segments |
| DE1191640B (en) * | 1962-01-02 | 1965-04-22 | Dyckerhoff & Widmann Ag | Composite pipe made of stoneware and concrete |
| FR1597170A (en) * | 1968-12-26 | 1970-06-22 | ||
| CH612713A5 (en) * | 1976-04-09 | 1979-08-15 | Matrapa Sa | |
| SE427569B (en) * | 1981-08-07 | 1983-04-18 | Skanska Cementgjuteriet Ab | SHELTER |
| US4644978A (en) * | 1982-04-28 | 1987-02-24 | Bonasso S G | Tension arch structure |
-
1984
- 1984-05-16 WO PCT/FR1984/000132 patent/WO1984004573A1/en unknown
- 1984-05-16 US US07/700,885 patent/US4835936A/en not_active Expired - Lifetime
- 1984-05-16 EP EP84401003A patent/EP0126011B1/en not_active Expired
- 1984-05-16 DE DE8484401003T patent/DE3472439D1/en not_active Expired
Patent Citations (1)
| Publication number | Priority date | Publication date | Assignee | Title |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| EP0081402A1 (en) * | 1981-11-17 | 1983-06-15 | Marcel Matière | Process for obtaining hollow structures such as ducts, grain tanks or shelters. |
Also Published As
| Publication number | Publication date |
|---|---|
| WO1984004573A1 (en) | 1984-11-22 |
| US4835936A (en) | 1989-06-06 |
| EP0126011A1 (en) | 1984-11-21 |
| DE3472439D1 (en) | 1988-08-04 |
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